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6 Commits
Author | SHA1 | Date |
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Larry Sallee | a04e208b15 | |
Larry Sallee | 20fc810ac7 | |
Jesse Griffin | 2983b03dd8 | |
Larry Sallee | 936504474f | |
Larry Sallee | 1144fdc84f | |
Larry Sallee | 18c4eb8371 |
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@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ This is a rhetorical question. God already knew the answer to this question. The
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If your language has different words for **you** depending on the number of people intended, use the singular form. God was speaking only to the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
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# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked. So I hid.”
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# Adam replied, “I heard you walking in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked. So I hid.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid, because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Adam replied that he heard God walking in the garden, and was afraid because he was naked. So he hid.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The ultimate punishment for their disobedience was death. Spiritual death is our
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God created Adam from the soil and gave him life. As a result of sin, his life will be taken from him and his body will decompose and become soil again.
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# Eve, which means ‘life-giver’
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# Eve, which means “life-giver,”
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God gave life to Adam and Eve, and it is passed on to every person through childbirth.
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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
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This means two months after Noah released the dove from the ark. It may be necessary to say this explicitly if it is not clear.
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# God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.”
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# God said to Noah, “You and your family and all the animals may leave the boat now. Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God told Noah that he and his family and all the animals could leave the boat then, and have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# Have many children
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
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If Abram was standing on a mountain, he could have seen a very large area. On several occasions, God promised to give the entire land of Canaan to Abram and his descendants.
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# your descendants will always possess it
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# your descendants will always possess it
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God promised to give the land to Abram and also to his descendants.
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
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# Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.”
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# Melchizedek blessed Abram and said, “May God Most High who owns heaven and earth bless Abram.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Melchizedek blessed Abram and asked that God Most High who owns heaven and earth would bless Abram.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# Melchizedek
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@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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# two parties
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The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people.
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The parties could be two people, two groups of people, or a person and a group of people.
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# in this case, God made a promise to Abraham
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# in this case, God made a promise to Abram
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The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abraham did.
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The promise that God made to Abraham was without conditions. God would do what he promised. It did not depend on what Abram did.
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# God said, “I will give you a son from your own body. I give the land of Canaan to your descendants.”
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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Without a child, Abram had no descendants to become a great nation.
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# So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.”
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# So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him, “Since God has not allowed me to have children, and now I am too old to have children, here is my servant, Hagar. Marry her also so she can have a child for me.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “So Abram’s wife, Sarai, said to him that since God had not allowed her to have children and now I am too old to have children, Abram should take her servant, Hagar, and marry her also so she could have a child for Sarai.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.”
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# God also told Abram, “You will be the father of many nations. I will give you and your descendants the land of Canaan as their possession, and I will be their God forever. You must circumcise every male in your family.”
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God also told Abram that Abram would be the father of many nations. God would give him and his descendants the land of Canaan as their possession and would be their God forever. Abram must circumcise every male in his family.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# General Note
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# General Information
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God continues to speak to Abram.
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# a ram
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A ram is an adult male sheep.
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A ram is an adult male sheep.
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# God had provided the ram
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# God then blessed Abraham’s son, Isaac, because of the covenant he had made with Abraham
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# God then blessed Abraham’s son Isaac because of the covenant he had made with Abraham.
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The promises of the covenant that God made with Abraham were not for him only, but also for his descendants.
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Some languages will use a word for **love** here that is different from the one
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# at home
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This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for **at home**.
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This expression refers to the area around the family dwellings. Jacob preferred to stay close to the tents where they lived. Some languages have a special expression for **at home**.
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# but Esau loved to hunt animals
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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
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This begins a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
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# sent
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# sent
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This word means that Jacob told Joseph to go and Joseph went.
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# his favorite son
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@ -18,6 +17,6 @@ This means that Joseph is to go and see if everything is all right with his brot
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These were Joseph’s older brothers.
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# were taking care of the flocks
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# were taking care of the flocks
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Since this was several days’ journey away, it may be necessary to say: “who were far away taking care of…”
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# because their father loved him most and because Joseph had dreamed
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# because their father loved him most, and because Joseph had dreamed
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The word **because** connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him (their father loved him most and Joseph’s dream), with the result (they hated him). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word **because** connects the two reasons Joseph’s brothers hated him (the
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The word **When** indicates the order of events. After Joseph came the brothers took him captive and sold him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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# came to his brothers
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# came to his brothers
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Another way this could be translated is: “reached the place where his brothers were.”
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@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
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The famine was very bad. There was very little food and many people outside of Egypt were starving.
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# Egypt, but also in Canaan
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# Egypt, but also in Canaan
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For some languages, it may be clearer or more natural to say: “the country of Egypt, but also in the land of Canaan.”
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# made their lives miserable
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# made their lives miserable
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This means that they suffered terribly because of how harshly they were treated and how hard they were forced to work. They also felt very discouraged.
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
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# saw
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# saw
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Other ways to say this are: “realized” or “knew.”
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# so he ordered his people to kill
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@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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This means the Pharaoh would refuse to obey God. You may also want to add: “stubborn and refuse to listen (or obey).”
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# to Pharaoh
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# to Pharaoh
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It may be clearer to say: “to Pharaoh’s palace to talk to him.”
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@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
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This could be translated as: “God, who chose the Israelites to be his people” or “God, who rules the people of Israel” or “the God whom the Israelites worship.”
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# Let my people go!
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# Let my people go!
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Other ways to say this are: “Allow my people to go free!” or “Free my people to leave Egypt!”
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@ -26,8 +26,7 @@ See **my people** in [09:13](09/13).
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The connecting word **But** connects what Moses and Aaron said God told Pharaoh to do (let his people go), with what he did (he did not listen to them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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# listen to
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# listen to
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This could be translated as: “heed” or “obey.”
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# Instead of letting the Israelites go free
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@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
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# God sent a plague
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# God sent a plague
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This could be translated as: “God caused there to be a plague” or “God caused a plague (of gnats) to come over the land of Egypt.”
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# gnats
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@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
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**Unleavened bread** is bread that is prepared without yeast. Yeast is mixed into bread dough to make the dough expand and rise as it bakes. This could be translated as: “made without something that would make it rise.” Making bread with yeast takes longer than without it, so unleavened bread shows that this meal was urgent and the people needed to do it quickly.
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# be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal
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# be ready to leave Egypt immediately after they ate this meal
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This means they needed to be prepared to leave before they started to eat.
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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# did not believe God or obey his commands
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# did not believe God or obey his commands
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In some languages it may be more natural or clear to say: “did not believe God and so they did not obey his commands.”
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@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
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# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail, to the firstborn of Pharaoh
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# from the firstborn of the prisoner in jail to the firstborn of Pharaoh
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This is a way of saying that everyone’s firstborn son died–from the son of the least important person to the son of the most important person, and everyone in between.
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# called for
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# called for
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This means that Pharaoh told his servants to tell Moses and Aaron to come to him.
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# and said
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# and said
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Pharaoh said the following words to Moses and Aaron after they came to him. In some languages this would be translated as: “and said to them,” or “After they came, Pharaoh said to them.”
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@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
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Another way to say this would be: “there was nowhere they could go to escape since the Egyptians were behind them and the Red Sea was in front of them.”
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# Why did we leave Egypt?
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# Why did we leave Egypt?
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The Israelites were not asking for reasons. Because they were afraid, in this moment they were wishing they had not left Egypt (even though it had been very difficult for them there). This could be a statement: “We should not have left Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
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# We are going to die!
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@ -14,6 +14,5 @@ Both occurrences of the pronoun **you** refers to all the Israelites. (See: [[rc
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This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “Then God told Moses to tell the people to move toward the Red Sea.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
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# to move
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# to move
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Some languages will be more specific and say: “to walk.”
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# raise his hand over the sea
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# raise his hand over the sea
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This could be translated as: “held out his hand over the sea.” This was a gesture to show that God was doing this miracle through Moses.
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# marched
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# marched
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This can be translated as: “walked” or “went.”
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# with a wall of water on either side of them
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# with a wall of water on either side of them
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This could be translated as: “and the water on both sides of them stood up tall and straight like a wall.”
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The connecting word **So** connects the result (the Egyptians followed the Israelites in to the sea), with the cause (God removed the cloud). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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# the path through the sea
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# the path through the sea
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This was the dry strip of land across the bottom of the sea, with a wall of water on each side.
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This could be translated as: “to get fearful and confused.”
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# to get stuck
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# to get stuck
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The chariots could no longer move.
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# to stretch out his hand again
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# to stretch out his hand again
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This could be translated as: “lift his hand over the sea again” or, as a direct command, as in, “God told Moses, ‘Stretch out your hand again.’”
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# Then God
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The connecting word **Then** connects the action (the Israelites arriving safely on the other side of the Sea) with God’s instructions to Moses to close the path through the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
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# returned to its normal place
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# returned to its normal place
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This could be translated as: “covered the place again where the path had been,” or “filled the whole sea again” or “went back to where it was before God separated it.”
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# The whole Egyptian army
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# The whole Egyptian army
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This could be translated as: “everyone in Egypt’s army.”
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The connecting word **When** connects the cause (God’s destruction of the Egyptian army), with the effect (the Israelites trusted God). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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# trusted in God
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# trusted in God
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In other words, the people now trusted that God was powerful and could protect them.
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# rejoiced very much
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# rejoiced very much
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This could be translated as: “were very happy and they showed it enthusiastically” or “showed it with their whole hearts” or “with all their strength.”
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# because God had saved them
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The connecting word **because** connects the result (the Israelites rejoiced), with the cause (God saved them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
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# free to worship
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# free to worship
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God freed, or rescued, the Israelites from being slaves in Egypt so that they could serve him.
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# to praise God
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# to praise God
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In some languages this could be translated as: “to lift up God’s name” or “to say that God is great.”
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The connecting words **in order to** indicate the goal or purpose of the festival (to remind the Israelites and their descendants of how God had delivered them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
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# remember how God had defeated
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# remember how God had defeated
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This could be translated as: “regularly remind themselves of how God defeated.” The word **remember** here doesn’t just mean to not forget; it also means to formally commemorate something.
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# the Passover
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@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ Before Moses returned to Egypt, God had spoken to him from a shrub that was on f
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The Israelites had to travel a great distance from Egypt to the Promised Land. So they took tents with them so that they could set them up as shelters and sleep in them along the way. Some languages could translate this as: “hung their tents.”
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# the base of the mountain
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# the base of the mountain
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This could be translated as: “bottom of the mountain.” This refers to the area of land that is located next to the place where the ground starts to slant upward to form a mountain.
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# You must always obey me and keep the covenant I am making with you.
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This is a direct command from God to all of the Israelites.
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This is a direct command from God to all of the Israelites.
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# keep the covenant I am making with you
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# these Ten Commandments
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# had given them
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This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06).
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This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.”
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# two stone tablets
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# to belong to God alone
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A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
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# God also gave
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This can be translated as: “God also told them.”
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# to follow
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This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.”
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# if they obeyed
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The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God’s blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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# But he said he would punish
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The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
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# if they did not obey
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The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
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From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.”
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@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ This refers to all the commandments and instructions that God had told the Israe
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When people brought animals to sacrifice, God chose to see the blood of the animals as a covering over their sin. This is like hiding something that is ugly or dirty by covering it.
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# **clean** in God’s sight
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# clean in God’s sight
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This could be translated as: “as if he did not have the sin according to God” or “free of the punishment for breaking God’s law.”
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@ -1,7 +1,27 @@
|
|||
# had given them
|
||||
# these Ten Commandments
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “had told them to obey.”
|
||||
This refers to the commands God gave to Moses for the Israelites to obey. They are listed in frames [13:05](13/05) and [13:06](13/06).
|
||||
|
||||
# to belong to God alone
|
||||
# two stone tablets
|
||||
|
||||
From among all the nations, God had chosen the Israelites for his special purpose. This could be translated as: “to be his special nation” or “to be his own people” or “to be the nation he chose to be his people.”
|
||||
A tablet was a flat piece of stone or other hard material used in ancient times for writing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
# God also gave
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “God also told them.”
|
||||
|
||||
# to follow
|
||||
|
||||
This can be translated as: “that they must obey” or “that they must keep.”
|
||||
|
||||
# if they obeyed
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God’s blessing depends on the Israelites obeying the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
|
||||
|
||||
# But he said he would punish
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **But** contrasts how God would bless the Israelites if they obeyed him with how he would punish them if they did not obey him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# if they did not obey
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **if** indicates a hypothetical conditional relationship. God would punish the Israelites if they did not obey the laws. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ The connecting word **If** introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. I
|
|||
|
||||
# you will end up worshiping their idols
|
||||
|
||||
If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God.
|
||||
If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God.
|
|
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the inhabitants of the land were
|
|||
|
||||
The cities had strong walls around them, so it would be very difficult for the Israelites to attack them.
|
||||
|
||||
# the people are giants
|
||||
# the people are giants
|
||||
|
||||
This was not simply referring to unusually tall people, but a particular race of people that were far larger than even the tallest normal people. This could be translated as: “the people are like giants compared to us!” or “the people are much taller and stronger than we are!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,18 +2,17 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This is a strong statement that even though the people of Canaan were large, God was even bigger and would enable the Israelites to defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the people of Canaan
|
||||
|
||||
# the people of Canaan
|
||||
This could be translated as: “the people who live in Canaan” or “the Canaanites.”
|
||||
|
||||
# but we can certainly
|
||||
|
||||
The connecting word **but** indicates that there was an exceptional reason why the Canaanites would be defeated rather than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
|
||||
|
||||
# we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us!
|
||||
# we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us!
|
||||
|
||||
To show the connection between these two statements, it may be necessary to say: “we can certainly defeat them because God will fight for us!”
|
||||
|
||||
# God will fight for us!
|
||||
# God will fight for us!
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God will fight alongside us and help us defeat them!” This makes it clear that the Israelites would also be fighting against the Canaanites.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ This means that Moses told them not to go to fight against the Canaanites becaus
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting word **because** connects the action (Moses warning them) with the reason (God not going with them). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# God would not go with them
|
||||
# God would not go with them
|
||||
|
||||
In other words, God would not be with them to help them. Because of the Israelites’ disobedience, God withdrew from them his presence, protection, and power.
|
||||
|
||||
# but they did not listen to him
|
||||
|
||||
They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word **but** indicates an exception relationship. The Israelites decided to attack the Canaanites even though Moses had warned them not to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
|
||||
They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word **but** indicates an exception relationship. The Israelites decided to attack the Canaanites even though Moses had warned them not to do that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-exceptions]])
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God gave them everything they needed for food, water, and shelter.”
|
||||
|
||||
# bread from heaven, called ‘manna.’
|
||||
# bread from heaven, called manna
|
||||
|
||||
Overnight, this thin, bread-like food fell onto the grass like dew from the sky. They called it **manna**. Almost every day the people gathered this manna and cooked it as their food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “God
|
|||
|
||||
For some languages, it may be helpful to add: “Have the priests go before the rest of the people to cross the river.”
|
||||
|
||||
# the water upstream stopped flowing
|
||||
|
||||
# the water upstream stopped flowing
|
||||
In some languages, it may be helpful to add: “and the water in front of them flowed away downstream.”
|
||||
|
||||
# upstream
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The connecting word **After** introduces sequential action. The Israelites obeye
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting words **even though** represent a factual condition. The city of Jericho was indeed very strong, so attacking of the city would seem to be an unwise choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
|
||||
|
||||
# once a day for six days
|
||||
# once a day for six days
|
||||
|
||||
That is, they went around the city one time every day for a total of six days.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting word **Then** introduces sequential action. The priests were to blow their trumpets after the Israelites had finished marching around the city seven times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# must blow their trumpets
|
||||
|
||||
# must blow their trumpets
|
||||
This could be translated as: “must sound their trumpets” or “must play their trumpets.” These trumpets were made out of ram’s horns.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# a peace treaty
|
||||
|
||||
# a peace treaty
|
||||
This is an agreement between two groups of people that they will not harm each other but will live in peace and help each other. This could be translated as: “peace agreement.”
|
||||
|
||||
# But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites
|
||||
# But one of the Canaanite people groups, called the Gibeonites
|
||||
|
||||
Some languages may introduce this as: “But one day a Canaanite people group by the name of the Gibeonites…”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ This could be translated as: “God appointed each tribe its own plot of land”
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting word **Then** introduces a sequential clause. The fighting of the battles and the dividing of the Promised Land were completed, and then God gave Israel peace along its borders. OR Fighting the battles and dividing the Promised Land were completed. Then God gave Israel peace along its borders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# gave Israel peace along all its borders
|
||||
# gave Israel peace along all its borders
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other people groups that surrounded them” or “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other countries around Israel.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# When Joshua was an old man
|
||||
# When Joshua was an old man
|
||||
|
||||
This begins a new event. The story transitions from Joshua’s leadership of Israel to what is to happen to them next. It may be clearer to say: “Many years later, when Joshua was an old man.” Joshua was over 100 years old at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This refers to edible plants that the Israelites were growing in their gardens or fields.
|
||||
|
||||
# were so scared, they hid
|
||||
|
||||
# were so scared, they hid
|
||||
This could be translated as: “were very afraid of the Midianites, so they hid.”
|
||||
|
||||
# Finally
|
||||
|
@ -14,6 +13,6 @@ This begins a new event. Signals a shift from the Midianites’ oppression and I
|
|||
|
||||
This might be translated as: “they called out” or “they prayed desperately.”
|
||||
|
||||
# to save them
|
||||
# to save them
|
||||
|
||||
This might be translated as: “to set them free” or “to rescue them from these enemies.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting word **Then** indicates sequential action. God called Gideon, and then the Midianites returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
|
||||
|
||||
# came again to steal from the Israelites
|
||||
# came again to steal from the Israelites
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “came again to the Israelites’ land to steal things from them.”
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,6 +2,5 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Gideon knew that it was better for the Israelites to have God as their king.
|
||||
|
||||
# but he asked them
|
||||
|
||||
# but he asked them
|
||||
This phrase starts with **but** because what he did next was not wise.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# Gideon used the gold to make a special garment
|
||||
|
||||
# Gideon used the gold to make a special garment
|
||||
This could be translated as: “Gideon melted down the gold objects the people had given him and formed a special garment out of that gold.”
|
||||
|
||||
# But the people started worshiping it
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This could be translated as: “demanded that God give them a king” or “kept
|
|||
|
||||
Other nations had a king. Israel wanted to be like them and have a king too.
|
||||
|
||||
# God did not like this request
|
||||
# God did not like this request
|
||||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “God did not agree with what they had asked him for.” God knew that they were rejecting him as their ruler and were choosing to follow a human leader instead.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ The story transitions from explaining the general story (of Saul wanting to kill
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting words **In this way** connect the reason (Saul saw that David had a piece of his clothing) with the result (Saul knew David would not kill him and try to become king). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# to become king
|
||||
# to become king
|
||||
|
||||
David would not dishonor God by killing the man that God placed as king over Israel.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -4,5 +4,4 @@ This title can also be translated as: “About what happened when the Israelites
|
|||
|
||||
# Divided Kingdom
|
||||
|
||||
This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon.
|
||||
|
||||
This refer to when the twelve tribes of Israel divided into the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah after the death of Solomon.
|
|
@ -10,6 +10,5 @@ This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “He
|
|||
|
||||
This may be translated as: “until I command the rain and dew to come again.”
|
||||
|
||||
# This made Ahab so angry
|
||||
|
||||
# This made Ahab so angry
|
||||
This could be translated as: “When Ahab heard what Elijah said, he became so angry.”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,8 +10,7 @@ The connecting word **because** connects the reason (there was no harvest), with
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting words **But still** introduce a contrast relationship. You would expect the widow to refuse to help Elijah because she was almost out of food, but she did the unexpected and took care of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
|
||||
|
||||
# took care of
|
||||
|
||||
# took care of
|
||||
This means they gave him a place to stay in their house and provided food for him. It does not mean he was sick.
|
||||
|
||||
# God provided for her and her son. Her jar of flour and her bottle of oil never became empty
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This title can also be translated as: “About how the Israelites went away as prisoners and how they returned” or “How did God send the Israelites away as prisoners and bring them back again?”
|
||||
|
||||
# the Exile
|
||||
# The Exile
|
||||
|
||||
The word **exile** means someone is removed from they country by force. The **Exile** is the term for this 70-year period when the Israelites were forced to live in Babylon.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ The connecting words **Even when** contrast God creating a perfect world without
|
|||
|
||||
Unless the head of a venomous snake is crushed, the snake can still hurt someone. Use a word for **crush** that communicates that its head is destroyed.
|
||||
|
||||
# the snake who deceived Eve was Satan
|
||||
# Satan appeared as a snake in order to deceive Eve
|
||||
|
||||
Satan spoke to Eve in the form of a snake. This does not mean that he is a snake now. This could be translated as: “The snake who deceived Eve was an appearance of Satan.”
|
||||
|
||||
# who deceived Eve
|
||||
# to deceive Eve
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean ‘who lied to Eve.’ The snake lied by making Eve doubt what God had said and tricking her into disobeying God.
|
||||
This could mean ‘to lie to Eve.’ The snake lied by making Eve doubt what God had said and tricking her into disobeying God.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# In the past, God had spoken to his prophets so they could speak to his people. But then 400 years went by when he did not speak to them.
|
||||
# In the past, God had spoken to his prophets so they could speak to his people. Then came 400 years of silence in which he did not speak to men.
|
||||
|
||||
This is background information about the prophets of God, and the 400 years that God did not send them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ This is background information about the prophets of God, and the 400 years that
|
|||
|
||||
This could be translated as: “his people, the Israelites” or “his people, the Jews.” But only include the added information if it is not clearly understood who these people were.
|
||||
|
||||
# 400 years went by
|
||||
# Then came 400 years of silence
|
||||
|
||||
Other ways to say this are: “400 years passed” or “there were 400 years.” The last Old Testament prophet, Malachi, has prophesied 400 years before.
|
||||
Other ways to say this are: “Then 400 years of silence passed” or “Then there were 400 years of silence.” The last Old Testament prophet, Malachi, has prophesied 400 years before.
|
||||
|
||||
# when he did not speak to them
|
||||
# in which he did not speak to men
|
||||
|
||||
This could mean ‘during which God did not give any messages to the prophets for his people.’
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
This may be translated as: “healing power had flowed from him into someone else” or “his power had healed someone.” Jesus did not lose any power because of this.
|
||||
|
||||
# he turned around and asked, “Who touched me?”
|
||||
|
||||
# he turned around and asked, “Who touched me?”
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “he turned around and asked who touched him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# Why did you ask, ‘Who touched me?’
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -2,8 +2,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
Jesus continues the story.
|
||||
|
||||
# stood far away
|
||||
|
||||
# stood far away
|
||||
This can also be translated as: “stood at a distance” or “stayed separate.”
|
||||
|
||||
# did not even look up to heaven
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ This is a quotation within a quotation. The entire quotation can be restated so
|
|||
|
||||
# What am I doing?
|
||||
|
||||
The son isn’t really asking a question, so some languages will have to translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why am I living like this?” or “I should not be living like this!” or “It doesn’t make sense for me to live like this.”
|
||||
The son isn’t really asking a question, so some languages will have to translate this as a statement. Alternate translation: “Why am I living like this?” or “I should not be living like this!” or “It doesn’t make sense for me to live like this.”
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# There was a man named Lazarus. He had two sisters, named Mary and Martha. They were all close friends of Jesus.
|
||||
# There was a man named Lazarus. He had two sisters named Mary and Martha. They were all close friends of Jesus.
|
||||
|
||||
This introduces Lazarus and his sisters as new characters in the story, and also provides background information about their relationship to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
|||
# a place called the Skull
|
||||
# a place called ‘the Skull’
|
||||
|
||||
This can be stated in active form: “a place that people called the Skull” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
This can be stated in active form: “a place that people called ‘the Skull’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
|
||||
# the Skull
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
|
|||
# That was Jesus!
|
||||
|
||||
# That was Jesus!
|
||||
This exclamation emphasizes how shocked the disciples were to see Jesus alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# they told the disciples, “Jesus is alive! We have seen him!”
|
||||
|
||||
This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: “they told the disciples that Jesus was alive, and that they had seen him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# “Jesus is alive!
|
||||
|
||||
# “Jesus is alive!
|
||||
The two disciples used this exclamation to emphasize to the other disciples that Jesus was alive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
|
||||
|
||||
# We have seen him!”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This is background information about Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate
|
|||
|
||||
The Jews would thank God for the wheat harvest by bringing offerings and celebrate by having special meals. Wheat is a grain crop; if you have no word that means **wheat**, you can use a more general word for grain. This happened in May; other crops were harvested at other times of the year.
|
||||
|
||||
# This year, the time for Pentecost came about a week after Jesus had gone back to heaven.
|
||||
# This year the time for Pentecost came about a week after Jesus had gone back to heaven.
|
||||
|
||||
This introduces a new event. It is now the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after Passover. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This could mean ‘called out in a loud voice’ or ‘said very loudly.’
|
|||
|
||||
This could mean ‘take my spirit.’ It may be helpful to add ‘please’ to show that this was a request. Alternate translation: “please receive my spirit”
|
||||
|
||||
# he fell to his knees
|
||||
# He fell to his knees
|
||||
|
||||
This is an act of submission to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
|||
# That day, many people in Jerusalem started persecuting the followers of Jesus, so the believers fled to other places. But in spite of this, they preached about Jesus everywhere they went.
|
||||
# That day many people in Jerusalem started persecuting the followers of Jesus, so the believers fled to other places. But in spite of opposition, they preached about Jesus everywhere they went.
|
||||
|
||||
This is background information about the persecution of the believers after the death of Stephen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
# But in spite of this
|
||||
# But in spite of opposition
|
||||
|
||||
The Jewish leaders thought they could stop the spread of Jesus’ teaching by persecuting his followers. Instead, this caused them to scatter and spread the message even more widely.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
|
|||
# Saul Becomes a follower of Jesus
|
||||
# Saul Becomes a Follower of Jesus
|
||||
|
||||
This title can also be translated as: “About how Saul became a follower of Christ” or “How did Saul become a follower of Christ?”
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ This was an ancient city located in what is now the southernmost tip of the mode
|
|||
|
||||
This could also be translated as: “to help the church to grow strong spiritually” or “to help the believers in Jesus to grow strong in their faith” or “to help the people to believe more firmly in Jesus.”
|
||||
|
||||
# believers in Jesus were first called “Christians.”
|
||||
# believers in Jesus were first called ‘Christians.’
|
||||
|
||||
This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form: “The people of Antioch first called the believers in Jesus ‘Christians’.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
||||
This implies that other people called the believers by this name. This can be stated in active form: “The people of Antioch first called the believers in Jesus ‘Christians.’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
|
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|
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|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
|||
# As Saul traveled throughout the Roman Empire, he began to use his Roman name, “Paul.”
|
||||
# As Saul traveled throughout the Roman Empire, he began to use his Roman name, ‘Paul.’
|
||||
|
||||
This is background information about why Saul was now called Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
|
|||
|
||||
The connecting word **So** introduces a reason and result relationship. The reason was the owners could no longer make money. The result was they took Paul and Silas to the Roman authorities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
|
||||
|
||||
# They beat
|
||||
# who beat
|
||||
|
||||
**They** refers to the Roman authorities, not the owners of the slave girl. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||||
**who** refers to the Roman authorities, not the owners of the slave girl. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
|
||||
|
||||
# threw them
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ dublin_core:
|
|||
description: 'Open-licensed exegetical notes that provide historical, cultural, and linguistic information for translators. It provides translators and checkers with pertinent, just-in-time information to help them make the best possible translation decisions.'
|
||||
format: 'text/markdown'
|
||||
identifier: 'obs-tn'
|
||||
issued: '2020-04-24'
|
||||
issued: '2020-05-01'
|
||||
language:
|
||||
direction: 'ltr'
|
||||
identifier: 'en'
|
||||
title: 'English'
|
||||
modified: '2020-04-24'
|
||||
modified: '2020-05-01'
|
||||
publisher: 'unfoldingWord'
|
||||
relation:
|
||||
- 'en/obs?v=8'
|
||||
|
@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ dublin_core:
|
|||
-
|
||||
identifier: 'obs-tn'
|
||||
language: 'en'
|
||||
version: '7'
|
||||
version: '8'
|
||||
subject: 'OBS Translation Notes'
|
||||
title: 'unfoldingWord® Open Bible Stories Translation Notes'
|
||||
type: 'help'
|
||||
version: '8'
|
||||
version: '9'
|
||||
|
||||
checking:
|
||||
checking_entity:
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue