Merge branch 'ta_links' of unfoldingWord/en_obs-tn into master

content/02/06.md

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ After the man and the woman disobeyed God, they felt ashamed that they were nake
 
 # They tried to cover their bodies
 
-The man and the woman tried to cover their bodies in order to hide from God because they were ashamed that they were naked. You may want to make that explicit. AT: “They were ashamed that they were naked, and tried to cover their bodied to hide from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+The man and the woman tried to cover their bodies in order to hide from God because they were ashamed that they were naked. You may want to make that explicit. Alternate translation: “They were ashamed that they were naked, and tried to cover their bodied to hide from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

content/05/06.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ God wanted Abraham to show that he was completely submitted to God, that he woul
 
 # your only son
 
-It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # kill him
 

content/05/08.md

@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ Abraham feared God, which included respect and reverence for God. Because of tho
 
 # your only son
 
-Ishmael was also Abraham’s son, but Isaac was the only son of Abraham and Sarah. God’s covenant was with Isaac and it was through Isaac that God would fulfill his promise. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. AT: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+Ishmael was also Abraham’s son, but Isaac was the only son of Abraham and Sarah. God’s covenant was with Isaac and it was through Isaac that God would fulfill his promise. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 

content/13/02.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This could be translated as, “You will be my possession that I value most” o
 
 # a kingdom of priests
 
-God speaks of his people as if they were priests. AT: "a kingdom of people who are like priests" or "a kingdom of people who do what priests do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+God speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: "a kingdom of people who are like priests" or "a kingdom of people who do what priests do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation
 

content/13/06.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/tran
 
 # Do not commit adultery
 
-This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as, “Do not have sexual relations with someone else’s spouse” or, “Do not have marital relations with another man’s wife or another woman’s husband.” Be sure to translate this in a way that doesn’t offend or embarrass people. Languages often have an indirect, polite way of saying this, such as, “Do not sleep with.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
+This is a command from God to all of the Israelites. This could be translated as, “Do not have sexual relations with someone else’s spouse” or, “Do not have marital relations with another man’s wife or another woman’s husband.” Be sure to translate this in a way that doesn’t offend or embarrass people. Languages often have an indirect, polite way of saying this, such as, “Do not sleep with.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 
 # Do not lie
 

content/13/14.md

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ Moses scattered the gold powder over a large expanse of water.
 
 # a plague
 
-This plague may have been a serious illness. AT: "Yahweh made the people very sick." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
+This plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: "Yahweh made the people very sick." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])

content/13/15.md

@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ Moses carved the stone tablets with tools such as a hammer and chisel.
 
 See how you translated this phrase in [13:12](13/12).
 
-# Promised Land
-
-This is a term used to describe the land of Canaan because God promised it to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and then the children of Israel through Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
-
 # A Bible story from
 
 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations.

content/14/01.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# General Information
+
+This frame is background information that summarizes the previous two stories in preparation for a shift in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # the pillar of cloud
 
 See how you translated this phrase in [12:02](12/02).

content/14/02.md

@@ -1 +1,8 @@
+# God had promised Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob that he would give the Promised Land to their descendants
+
+This is background information that summarizes the stories of Genesis in preparation for a shift in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
+# Canaanites
+
+This frame explains who the Canaanites are and God's relationship with them in preparation for the introduction of a new major character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
 

content/14/03.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# must get rid of all the Canaanites there
+# you must get rid of all the Canaanites there
 
-This could be translated as, “must get all the Canaanites out of the land” or, “must remove from the land all of the Canaanites who are living there.”
+This is a polite way to say that they were to kill or drive out all the Canaanites out of the Promised Land. This could be translated as, “must get all the Canaanites out of the land” or, “must remove from the land all of the Canaanites who are living there.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
 
 # Do not make peace with them
 
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ This could be translated as, “Do not live peacefully among or alongside them
 
 God did not want any Israelite person to marry any Canaanite person.
 
+# If you do not obey me
+
+The connecting word "If" introduces a hypothetical conditional relationship. If the Israelites do not obey God by driving out the Canaanites, in time they will also disobey God by worshipping the idols of the Canaanites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # you will end up worshiping their idols
 
 If the Israelites became friends with the Canaanites and did not destroy the idols, they would be tempted to worship those idols instead of God. 

content/14/04.md

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+# border
+
+a line separating two countries, a boundary (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
+
+# tribe of Israel
+
+This refers to the descendants of each of the sons of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
+
+# go and spy
+
+The Israelites were to go from where they were camped to the land of Canaan and spy in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
+
 # spy on the land
 
 This could be translated as, “secretly get information about the land” or, “secretly learn about the land.” Part of the spies’ task was to find out what kinds of food the land could produce.

content/14/05.md

@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
 # they came back
 
-They returned to where the rest of the Israelites were waiting, just outside the border of Canaan.
+They returned to where the rest of the Israelites were waiting, just outside the border of Canaan. This can be clearly stated: "they returned to the camp of the Israelites.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+
+# They told the people, "The land is very fertile and the crops are plentiful!"
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "They told the people that the land was very fertile and the crops were plentiful!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
+# The land is very fertile and the crops are plentiful!
+
+This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the land was extremely good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# The cities are very strong and the people are giants!
+
+This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the inhabitants of the land were extremely large and powerful soldiers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 
 # The cities are very strong
 
@@ -8,5 +20,9 @@ The cities had strong walls around them, so it would be very difficult for the I
 
 # the people are giants 
 
-This could be translated as, “the people are like giants compared to us!” or, “the people are much taller and stronger than we are!”
+This was not simply referring to unusually tall people, but a particular race of people that were far larger than even the tallest normal people. This could be translated as, “the people are like giants compared to us!” or, “the people are much taller and stronger than we are!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
+
+# If we attack them, they will certainly defeat us and kill us!
+
+This is a strong statement that emphasizes that the Israelites were certain the Canaanites would defeat them in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 

content/14/06.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+# It is true that the people of Canaan are tall and strong, but we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us!
+
+This is a strong statement that even though the people of Canaan were large, God was even bigger and would enable the Israelites to defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
 # the people of Canaan 
 
 This could be translated as, “the people who live in Canaan” or, “the Canaanites.”
 
+# but we can certainly
+
+The connecting word "but" indicates that there was an exceptional reason why the Canaanites would be defeated rather than the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # we can certainly defeat them! God will fight for us ! 
 
 To show the connection between these two statements, it may be necessary to say, “we can certainly defeat them because God will fight for us!”

content/14/07.md

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-# Why did you bring us 
+# But the people did not listen
 
-This is not a real question. It is a way that some languages use to say, “You should not have brought us.”
+The connecting word "But" indicates that in contrast to Joshua and Caleb's reasoning, the people refused to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
+# Why did you bring us to this horrible place?
+
+The people were not expecting an answer from Moses or from God. Alternate translation: "You should not have brought us to this horrible place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # this horrible place
 

content/14/08.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 God did not appear as a person, but came in some other form that showed his glory and power.
 
+# so all of you
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the action or reason with the consequence. The people rebelled against God, and for this reason or as a result, they will have to wander in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # to wander in the wilderness
 
 God would lead the people around in the wilderness with no specific destination until all of the adults who rebelled against him died.

content/14/09.md

@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
+# When the people heard God say this
+
+The connecting word "When" connects the action or reason with the result. The people were sorry they had sinned as a result of hearing God's judgement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # they had sinned
 
 It may be necessary to add, “they had sinned by disobeying God’s command to conquer the peoples of Canaan.”
 
+# So they decided
+
+The connecting word "So" connects the action or reason with the result. As a result of being sorry they had sinned, the people of Israel attacked the people of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # Moses warned them not to go
 
 This means that Moses told them not to go to fight against the Canaanites because they would be in danger if they did that.
 
+# because God would not go with them
+
+The connecting word "because" connects the action of Moses warning them with the reason of God not going with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # God would not go with them 
 
 In other words, God would not be with them to help them. Because of the Israelites’ disobedience, God withdrew from them his presence, protection, and power.
 
 # but they did not listen to him
 
-They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway.
+They did not obey Moses. They went to attack the Canaanites anyway. The connecting word "but" indicates an exceptional relationship. It contrasts the Israelites action of refusing to listen with Moses' act of warning them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
 

content/14/10.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 In other words, God did not help them in this fight.
 
+# so the Canaanites defeated them and killed many of them
+
+The connecting word "so" Connects the reason—God did not go with them into this battle, with two results—the Canaanites defeated them, and the Canaanites killed many of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # turned back from Canaan
 
 They left Canaan and went back into the wilderness where they were before.

content/14/11.md

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This could be translated as, “God gave them everything they needed for food, w
 
 # bread from heaven, called “manna.”
 
-This thin, bread-like food fell from the sky overnight onto the grass like dew. They called it “manna.” Almost every day the people gathered this “manna” and cooked it as their food.
+This thin, bread-like food fell from the sky overnight onto the grass like dew. They called it “manna.” Almost every day the people gathered this “manna” and cooked it as their food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
 
-# He also sent flocks of quail...camp
+# He also sent flocks of quail (which are medium-sized birds)
 
-Another way to say this would be, “He also caused a large number of quails to fly into their camp.” If quails are unknown, a different, similar type bird could be used. Or it could be translated as, “a large number of medium-sized birds.”
+Another way to say this would be, “He also caused a large number of quails to fly into their camp.” If quails are unknown, a different, similar type bird could be used. Or it could be translated as, “a large number of medium-sized birds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
 
 # their camp
 

content/14/12.md

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ This could be translated, “By doing something that only God can do, he made wa
 
 # But despite all this
 
-This could be translated as, “But even though God provided food, water, clothing, and everything that they needed.”
+This could be translated as, “But even though God provided food, water, clothing, and everything that they needed.” The connecting word "But" contrasts God's many gifts that have been listed with Israel's complaining against God and his servant Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
 
 # Even so
 
-This could be translated, “Even though the Israelites complained and grumbled against him.”
+This could be translated, “Even though the Israelites complained and grumbled against him.” The connecting words "Even so" contrast Israel's complaining with God's faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
 
 # God was still faithful. He did ... and Jacob
 

content/14/13.md

@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
+# Another time when the people did not have any water
+
+This begins a new event. It transitions to another story about when the people did not have water from the previous story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
+# God told Moses, "Speak to the rock, and water will come out of it."
+
+This is an imperative and a direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "God told Moses to speak to the rock, and water will come out of it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
+
+# Instead
+
+The connecting word "Instead" emphasizes the exceptional relationship. Moses disobeyed by hitting the rock even through God himself commanded him to speak to it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # he dishonored God
 
 This could be translated, “Moses disobeyed God” or, “Moses disrespected God.” God had a specific way He wanted Moses to show the people God’s power to provide for them. When Moses disobeyed God by doing it in a different way he showed a lack of respect for God.
 
+# Because you did this
+
+The connecting words "Because you did this" connect the reason of Moses' disobedience with the result of God not allowing him to enter the Promise Land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/14/14.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# After the Israelites had wandered in the wilderness for forty years
+
+This begins a new event. It transitions from the time of God's judgment on Israel of wandering to what lies ahead for their descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # who had rebelled against God
 
 This could be translated, “who had refused to obey God when he told them to go into the Promised Land.”
@@ -6,6 +10,10 @@ This could be translated, “who had refused to obey God when he told them to go
 
 That is, the children of the generation that died.
 
+# so God chose
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the reason of Moses' old age with the result of God choosing someone else to lead Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # one day
 
 This means, “some time in the future.”

content/14/15.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+# but God did not permit him to enter
+
+The connecting word "but" contrasts Moses' being able to see the Promised Land with God not allowing him to enter it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # mourned for thirty days
 
 For thirty days all the people of Israel cried and showed that they were very sad that Moses had died.
 
+# because he trusted and obeyed God.
+
+The connecting word "because" connects Joshua's trust in and obedience to God with the result of him being a good leader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # A Bible story from
 
 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations.

content/15/01.md

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
+# At last it was time for the Israelites to enter Canaan
+
+This begins a new event. The Israelites were about to enter into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # At last it was time for
 
 “At last” means “finally” or, “after a long wait.” To make it clear what “time” refers to, you could say, “after they had wandered in the desert for 40 years, God finally permitted.”
 
+# In that land was a city called Jericho. It had strong walls around it to protect it. Joshua sent two spies to that city. In that city lived a prostitute named Rahab.
+
+This is background information about the city of Jericho that Israel would attach, and Rahab who would help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
+
 # two spies to that city
 
 This could be translated as, “two men to that city to find out information about it.” Also see the notes for, “spy out the land” in [14:04](14/04).

content/15/02.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# God told Joshua, "Have the priests go first."
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "God told Joshua to have the priests go first." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
 # Have the priests go first
 
 For some languages it may be helpful to add, “Have the priests go before the rest of the people to cross the river.”
@@ -6,3 +10,11 @@ For some languages it may be helpful to add, “Have the priests go before the r
 
 In some languages it may be helpful to add, “and the water in front of them flowed away downstream.”
 
+# upstream
+
+This word refers to the direction from which the Jordan River water was flowing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
+
+# cross over
+
+This means to pass from one side or area to another (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+

content/15/03.md

@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
 # After the people crossed the Jordan River
 
-In some languages it is better to say, “The people crossed the Jordan River and then...”
+The connecting word "After" introduces sequential action. The Israelites obeyed God by passing from one side of the Jordan to the other. Once that was completed, God gave another task for them to do. In some languages it is better to say, “The people crossed the Jordan River and then ... ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
+# even though it was very strong
+
+The connecting words "even though" represent a factual condition. The city of Jericho was indeed very strong, so attacking of the city would seem to be an unwise choice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
 
 # once a day for six days 
 
 That is, they went around the city one time every day for a total of six days.
 
+# So the priests and the soldiers did this
+
+The connecting word "So" connects the result—the priests and soldiers marching, with the reason—God's command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/15/04.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+# Then on the seventh day
+
+The connecting word "Then" introduces sequential action. The events continued each day for the past six days, and once it was completed, this new event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
+# After they had marched
+
+The connecting word "After" introduces sequential action. The Israelites completed all the commands regarding marching the first six days, and then seven times on the seventh day this new event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # blew their trumpets 
 
 This could be translated as, “They sounded their trumpets” or, “They played their trumpets.” These trumpets were made out of ram’s horns.

content/15/05.md

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+# Then the walls around Jericho fell down!
+
+This is a strong statement that emphasizes how surprising it was that the strong walls fell down as a result blowing the trumpets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# Then the walls around Jericho fell down
+
+The implication is God caused the walls to fall. The walls were thick enough to drive chariots upon, people lived inside them. These were not flimsy walls. In order for them to fall, an act of God would have to happen. Could be stated in the active form: "Then God caused the walls of Jericho to fall down!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+
+# Then the walls
+
+The connecting word "Then" introduces a sequential clause. The Israelites followed all of God's commands, and then this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # who became part of the Israelites
 
 This can be translated as, “who then joined the Israelite community” or, “who then became members of the nation of Israel.”

content/15/06.md

@@ -6,7 +6,15 @@ This is an agreement between two groups of people that they will not harm each o
 
 Some languages may introduce this as, “But one day a Canaanite people group by the name of the Gibeonites ...”
 
+# But one of the Canaanite people groups
+
+The connecting word "But" contrasts God's command that the Israelites not make any treaties with the people of Canaan with the reason Joshua made an agreement with Gibeonites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # lied to Joshua and said
 
 This could be translated as, “They lied to Joshua by saying” or, “They falsely said to Joshua” or, “They falsely told Joshua.”
 
+# Instead
+
+The connecting word "Instead" contrasts what Joshua should have done—ask God what they should do, with what he did do—make the treaty God had forbidden out of ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/15/07.md

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+# found out 
+
+This verbal phrase means "discovered." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+
+# But they kept the peace treaty
+
+The connecting word "But" contrasts the Gibeonites deception with Israel keeping their promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
+# Then some time later
+
+This begins a new event. This event happened after the treaty was made but is indirectly a result of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
+# so they combined their armies
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the result—the Amorites attacking Gibeon, with the reason—Gibeon's treaty with Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # sent a message to Joshua asking for help
 
 This could be translated as, “sent some of their people to tell Joshua that they needed the Israelites to help defend them against their enemies.”

content/15/09.md

@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ This could be translated as, “made the Amorites panic” or, “caused the Amo
 
 # large hailstones
 
-This could be translated as, “very large balls of ice to come down from the sky.”
+This could be translated as, “very large balls of ice to come down from the sky.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknowns]])
 

content/15/10.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

content/15/11.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# After God defeated those armies
+
+The connecting word "After" introduces sequential action. God defeated on large army made up of many smaller armies, and then another large army made up of many smaller armies came against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # attacked and destroyed them
 
 This could be translated as, “fought against them and defeated them.”

content/15/12.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 this could be translated as, “God appointed each tribe its own plot of land” or, “God decided which part of the Promised Land each tribe of Israel would live on.”
 
+# Then God gave Israel peace
+
+The connecting word "Then" introduces a sequential clause. The fighting of the battles and the dividing the Promised Land was completed, and then God gave Israel peace along its borders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # gave Israel peace along all its borders 
 
 This could be translated as, “God allowed the Israelites to experience peace with the other people groups that surrounded them” or. “the other countries around Israel.”

content/15/13.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # When Joshua was an old man 
 
-It may be clearer to say, “Many years later, when Joshua was an old man.” Joshua was over 100 years old at this time.
+This begins a new event. The story transitions from Joshua's leadership of Israel to what is to happen to them next. It may be clearer to say, “Many years later, when Joshua was an old man.” Joshua was over 100 years old at this time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
 
 # to be faithful to God
 

content/16/01.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# After Joshua died
+
+This begins a new event. In the previous story Joshua reminded the Israelites of their promise to obey God. This story transitions to what the Israelites actually did after Joshua died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # and they did not drive out 
 
 This tells how they disobeyed God, so in some languages it may be better to start this as a new sentence, “They did not.”
@@ -10,6 +14,10 @@ This can be translated, “fight with the rest of the Canaanites to force them t
 
 That is, “the only real God.” Yahweh is the only one that people should worship.
 
+# so everyone did what they thought
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the reason—Israel had no king, with the result—everyone did what they thought was right rather than what God said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # what they thought was right for themselves 
 
 This means that they all did whatever they wanted to do, including many evil things.

content/16/02.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Then after Israel's enemies oppressed them
+
+The connecting word "Then" connects the reason—Israel's enemies would oppress them, with the result—Israel would repent and ask God to rescue. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # ask God to rescue them
 
 That is, they asked God to help them and to set them free from their enemies.

content/16/04.md

@@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ This refers to plants that the Israelites were growing in their gardens or field
 
 This could be translated as, “were very afraid of the Midianites, so they hid.”
 
+# Finally
+
+This begins a new event. Signals a shift from the Midianites' oppression and Israel's suffering to the Israel's repentance and God's deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
+
 # they cried out
 
 This might be translated as, “they called out” or, “they prayed desperately.”

content/16/06.md

@@ -2,10 +2,18 @@
 
 This means, “to violently bring down” or, “to take down and destroy.”
 
+# But Gideon was afraid of the people
+
+The connecting word "But" contrasts God's command—tear down the altar, with the reason for Gideon's delayed obedience—he was afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # afraid of the people
 
 Gideon was afraid that his fellow Israelites who worshiped the same idol would be angry with him.
 
+# so he waited until nighttime
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the reason—Gideon was afraid of the people, with the result—he waited until nighttime to obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # waited until nighttime
 
 Another way to say this would be, “waited until after dark.” Gideon smashed the altar at night when everyone was asleep so that no one would see him do it.

content/16/07.md

@@ -1,8 +1,16 @@
+# Gideon's father said, "Why are you trying to help your god? If he is a god, let him protect himself!"
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "Gideon's father asked why they were trying to help their god. If he is a god, he should be able to protect himself!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
 # Why are you trying to help your god?
 
-This is not a real question that asks for information. Another way of saying this would be, “You should not be trying to help your god” or, “You should not need to help your god.”
+This is not a real question that asks for information. Another way of saying this would be, “You should not be trying to help your god” or, “You should not need to help your god.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # If he is a god, let him protect himself
 
-This means, “If he were truly a god, he would be able to defend himself.”
+This is a strong statement that if the idol was truly a god, he would be able to protect himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# Because he said this
+
+The connecting word "Because" connects the reason—Gideon's father's defense, with the result—the people did not kill Gideon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
 

content/16/08.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Then the Midianites came again
+
+The connecting word "Then" indicates sequential action. God called Gideon, and then the Midianites returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # came again to steal from the Israelites 
 
 This could be translated as, “came again to the Israelites’ land to steal things from them.”

content/16/09.md

@@ -14,3 +14,7 @@ This can be translated as, “make the morning dew appear” or, “make the mor
 
 This could be translated as, “God did what Gideon asked him to do.”
 
+# Because of these two signs
+
+The connecting word "Because" connects the reason—the two signs, with the result—Gideon believed God wanted him to save Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/16/10.md

@@ -2,11 +2,31 @@
 
 Some languages might need to say why he called the soldiers: “Gideon called the Israelites to come fight against the Midianites. 32,000 soldiers came to him.” See [16:08](16/08).
 
+# 32,000
+
+This could also be written as numerals: "thirty-two thousand men." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
+
+# But God told him
+
+The connecting word "But" contrasts the number of men who came with God's perspective. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
+# 22,000
+
+This could also be written as numerals: "twenty-two thousand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
+
 # too many men
 
 This was more soldiers than God wanted for this fight. If that many solders fought and won, they would think that they won the battle with their own strength, and they would not know that God did it.
 
+# So Gideon sent home 22,000
+
+The connecting word "So" connects the reason—God told Gideon there were too many men, with the result—Gideon sent home 22,000 men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # except for 300 soldiers
 
 This sentence could be translated as, “So Gideon allowed only 300 men to stay, and the rest of the men went home.”
 
+# 300
+
+This could also be written as numerals: "three hundred." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
+

content/16/11.md

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+# God told Gideon, "Go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. When you hear what they say, you will no longer be afraid to attack them."
+
+This is direct quotation. It can also be stated as an indirect quotation: "God told Gideon to go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk. When he would hear what they would say, he would no longer be afraid to attack them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
+
+# Go down to the Midianite camp and listen to them talk.
+
+God gives Gideon a command that includes instruction on what he is to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
+
 # Go down
 
 The Midianite soldiers were camping out in a valley and were at a lower elevation than the Israelite soldiers.
@@ -10,3 +18,11 @@ That is, “you will stop being afraid.”
 
 That is, “something he had seen in a dream” or, “a dream he had had.”
 
+# This dream means that Gideon's army will defeat us, the Midianite army!
+
+This is a strong statement that by the enemy soldier that Gideon would defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
+
+# When Gideon heard this
+
+The connecting word "When" connects the action or reason with the result. Gideon worshiped God as a result of hearing the interpretation of the soldier's dream. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/16/12.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Then Gideon returned to his soldiers
+
+The connecting word "Then" introduces a sequential clause that connects Gideon hearing the dream and worshipping God with him rallying the 300 Israelites to fight the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # horn
 
 This could be translated as, “trumpet” or, “ram’s horn trumpet.” These horns came from a male sheep and were often used to call men for battle.
@@ -6,3 +10,7 @@ This could be translated as, “trumpet” or, “ram’s horn trumpet.” These
 
 This was probably a piece of wood wrapped with cloth and soaked in oil so that it could burn well. (This was not the modern torch that runs on batteries.)
 
+# so the Midianites could not see
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the reason—the torches were in the pots, with the result—the Midianites could not see the light of the torches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/16/13.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# Then, all of Gideon's soldiers broke their pots
+
+The connecting word "Then" introduces a sequential clause. Gideon's men surrounding the Midianite camp, and then they broke their pots at the same moment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # shouted
 
 This could be translated as, “yelled loudly” or, “said with a very loud voice.”
@@ -6,7 +10,11 @@ This could be translated as, “yelled loudly” or, “said with a very loud vo
 
 A sword is a weapon that has a long sharp blade and a handle at one end. People hold the handle and hit or stab the enemy with the sharp blade. If your people don’t have a weapon just like this, you could translate it as a “long knife,” “machete” or, “bush knife.”
 
-# A sword for Yahweh and for Gideon
+# sword
 
-This means, “We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!”
+Here "sword" is a metonym that refers to their fighting. Alternate translation: "We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
+
+# A sword for Yahweh and for Gideon!
+
+This is a strong statement that Gideon was depending on Yahweh, and not the sword, for his victory. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
 

content/16/14.md

@@ -2,7 +2,15 @@
 
 God caused the Midianites to be confused. They wanted to attack the Israelites, but instead, they attacked each other.
 
+# so that they started attacking and killing each other
+
+The connecting word "so" connects the reason—God confused the Midianites, with the result—they started attacking and killing each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # many other Israelites
 
 This could be translated as, “many other Israelite men.” This refers to the soldiers previously sent home in [16:10](16/10).
 
+# 120,000
+
+This could also be written as numerals: "one hundred twenty thousand." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
+

content/16/16.md

@@ -2,3 +2,11 @@
 
 This could be translated as, “Gideon melted down the gold objects the people had given him and formed a special garment out of that gold.”
 
+# But the people started worshiping it
+
+The connecting word "But" contrasts God's deliverance of Israel from the Midianites with them worshiping the gold garment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
+# So God punished Israel again
+
+The connecting word "So" connects the reason—Israel started worshiping the garment as an idol, with the result—God punished them again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+

content/16/17.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-

content/16/18.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Finally
 
-This could be translated as, “After their enemies attacked them many times” or, “After many years of being attacked by many different nations.”
+The connecting word "Finally" indicates a shift from the time of deliverers sent by God, to Israel asking God for a king. This could be translated as, “After their enemies attacked them many times” or, “After many years of being attacked by many different nations.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
 
 # asked God for a king
 
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ Other nations had a king. Israel wanted to be like them and have a king too.
 
 This could be translated as, “God did not agree with what they had asked him for.” God knew that they were rejecting him as their ruler and were instead choosing to follow a human leader.
 
+# but he gave them a king
+
+The connecting word "But" contrasts God not liking the request with him giving Israel a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-connectingwords]])
+
 # A Bible story from
 
 These references may be slightly different in some Bible translations.

content/28/10.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ That is, “very much more than he had before.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/transla
 
 # many who are first will be last, and many who are last will be first
 
-Here “first” and “last” refer to people’s status or importance. Jesus is contrasting people’s status now with their status in the kingdom of heaven. AT: “But many who seem to be important now will be the least important, and many who seem to be unimportant now will be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
+Here “first” and “last” refer to people’s status or importance. Jesus is contrasting people’s status now with their status in the kingdom of heaven. Alternate translation: “But many who seem to be important now will be the least important, and many who seem to be unimportant now will be very important” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
 
 # many who are first will be last
 

content/29/09.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ See how you translated this in [29:01](29/01).
 
 # from your heart
 
-The phrase “from your heart” is an idiom that means “sincerely.” AT: “with sincerity” or, “truly” or, “genuinely” or, “honestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+The phrase “from your heart” is an idiom that means “sincerely.” Alternate translation: “with sincerity” or, “truly” or, “genuinely” or, “honestly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 
 # heart
 

content/30/07.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Jesus took the five loaves of bread
 
-He did not steal the loaves. AT: “Jesus held the five loaves of bread in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
+He did not steal the loaves. Alternate translation: “Jesus held the five loaves of bread in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
 
 # looked up to heaven