Xenizo_fr_ta/translate/guidelines-equal/01.md

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Une traduction égale communique tout sens expressif de la langue source de la même manière dans la langue cible. Notez particulièrement les formes dans le texte source qui communiquent certains types d'émotions et choisissez des formes dans la langue cible qui communiquent les mêmes émotions. Des exemples de certaines de ces formes suivent.
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#### Idiomes (Expressions idiomatiques)
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**Description** Un idiome (expression idiomatique) est un groupe de mots dont le sens n'est pas dérivé des mots qui le composent mais dont l'ensemble porte un sens très précis. C'est l'ensemble des mots ou de la phrase qui est le porteur du sens. Il vous faut donc déterminer le sens des idiomes, proverbes et figures de style et les traduire en expressions qui ont le même sens dans votre langue. Normalement, les expressions idiomatiques ne peuvent pas être traduites littéralement dans une autre langue. Le sens de lidiome doit être exprimé dune manière naturelle dans lautre langue.
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Par exemple, ces trois traductions ont toutes le même sens. Voir Actes 18:6 :
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* “Que votre sang soit sur votre tête ; j'en suis pur.” (RSV)
* “Si vous êtes perdus, ce sera par votre propre faute. Je n'en suis pas responsable.” (BFC)
* “Si Dieu vous punit, cest à cause de vous, pas à cause de moi” ! (TFT)
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Ce sont toutes des accusations de culpabilité. Certaines d'elles utilisent des idiomes avec le mot "sang" ou "perdu", tandis que le troisième est plus direct en utilisant le mot "punit". Pour que votre traduction soit égale, elle doit également exprimer une accusation de manière émotionnelle et peut utiliser un idiome, aussi longtemps que la forme de l'accusation et l'idiome conviennent à la langue et à la culture cibles.
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#### Figure de style ou de rhétorique
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**Description** Une figure de style est une façon particulière de parler afin d'attirer l'attention sur ce qui est dit ou d'exprimer une émotion à son propos. L'ensemble des mots d'une figure de style lui donne son sens qui est différent du sens normal des mots individuels qui la composent.
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En voici des exemples :
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* **Quelque chose en moi s'était brisé** ! La personne qui parlait n'était pas littéralement cassée, mais elle se sentait très mal, elle était bouleversée.
* **Il a fermé ses oreilles à ce que je disais**. C'est-à-dire, il a choisi de ne pas écouter ce que je disais. 
* **Le vent gémissait dans les arbres**. Cela signifie que le son du vent soufflant à travers les arbres ressemblait au gémissement dune personne.
* **Le monde entier est venu à la réunion**. Tout le monde n'a pas assisté à la réunion mais il y avait beaucoup de monde à la réunion.
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Chaque langue utilise ses propres figures de style. Soyez sûrs que vous pouvez :
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* Reconnaître quune figure de style est utilisée
* reconnaître le but de la figure de style
* reconnaître le vrai sens de la figure de style.
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C'est le sens réel de toute la figure de style qui doit être traduit dans votre langue, pas le sens des mots individuels. Une fois que vous avez compris le vrai sens, vous pouvez choisir une expression dans la langue cible qui communique ce même sens et cette même émotion.
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(Pour plus d'information, consultez les [Figures de Style](../figs-intro/01.md).)
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#### Questions rhétoriques
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**Description** Les questions rhétoriques sont un autre moyen d'attirer l'attention du lecteur. Elles sont un type de question qui n'attend pas de réponse ou ne demande pas d'informations. Elles expriment généralement une sorte d'émotion et peuvent être considérées comme un reproche, un avertissement, une expression de surprise ou quelque chose d'autre.
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Par exemple, considérez Matthieu 3:7 : « Fils de vipères ! Qui vous a avertis de fuir la colère qui vient ? » (ULT)
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Ici, on ne sattend pas à une réponse. Le Lórateur ne demande pas dinformation ; il réprimande ses auditeurs. Il ne sert à rien davertir ces gens de la colère de Dieu parce quils refusent le seul moyen dy échapper : se repentir de leurs péchés.
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justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#412) Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-transliterate/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-terms/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-symaction/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-version/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-text/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-licensing/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-problem/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-original/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-original/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-ordinal/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Merge branch 'justplainjane47-tc-create-1' of git.door43.org:unfoldingword/en_ta into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Merge branch 'master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-more/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <rich.mahn@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/412
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You may need to restate this rhetorical question as a statement when you translate if your language does not use rhetorical questions in this way. But remember, be sure to keep the same purpose and meaning, and communicate the same emotion as the original rhetorical question had. If your language communicates the purpose, meaning, and emotion of a rhetorical question with a different kind of figure of speech, then use that figure of speech.
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(see [Rhetorical Questions](../figs-rquestion/01.md))
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#### Exclamations
**Description** Languages use exclamations to communicate emotion. Sometimes the exclamation word or words do not have meaning other than the expression of emotion, such as the words “alas” or “wow” in English.
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justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#412) Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-transliterate/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-terms/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-symaction/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-version/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-text/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-licensing/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-problem/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-original/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-original/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-ordinal/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Merge branch 'justplainjane47-tc-create-1' of git.door43.org:unfoldingword/en_ta into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Merge branch 'master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-more/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <rich.mahn@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/412
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For example, see 1 Samuel 4:8a: **Woe to us**! Who will protect us from the strength of these mighty gods? (ULT)
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justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#412) Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-unknown/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-transliterate/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-textvariants/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-terms/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-symaction/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-version/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-text/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-source-licensing/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-problem/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-original/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-original/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-ordinal/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Merge branch 'justplainjane47-tc-create-1' of git.door43.org:unfoldingword/en_ta into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Merge branch 'master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-numbers/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-names/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/translate-more/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org> Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <rich.mahn@unfoldingword.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/412
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The Hebrew word translated as “woe” here expresses strong emotion about something bad that happened. If possible, try to find an exclamation in your language that communicates this same emotion.
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#### Poetry
**Description** One of the purposes of poetry is to express emotion about something. Poetry expresses emotion through a variety of ways that can differ from one language to another. These ways can include everything discussed so far, such as figures of speech and exclamations. Poetry might also use grammar differently than ordinary speech, or use wordplays or words with similar sounds or certain rhythms to convey emotion.
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For example, see Psalm 36:5: **5** Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, reaches to the heavens; your loyalty reaches to the clouds. (ULT)
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This verse of poetry repeats a similar idea in two lines, which is good Hebrew poetic style. Also, there are no verbs in the Hebrew original, which is a different use of grammar than ordinary speech would use. Poetry in your language may have different things that mark it as poetry. When you are translating poetry, try to use the forms of your language that communicate to the reader that this is poetry, and that communicate the same emotions that the source poem is trying to communicate.
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Remember: Communicate the feelings and attitudes of the original text. Translate them into forms that communicate in a similar way in your language. Consider how that meaning can best be <u>accurately, clearly, equally, and naturally</u> expressed in the target language.