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| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | JAS | 1 | 1 | ssc8 | 0 | General Information: | The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places. | ||
| 3 | JAS | 1 | 4 | unh4 | τέλειοι | 1 | fully developed | able to trust in Christ and obey him in all circumstances | |
| 4 | JAS | 1 | 6 | p12l | figs-simile | ὁ γὰρ διακρινόμενος ἔοικεν κλύδωνι θαλάσσης, ἀνεμιζομένῳ καὶ ῥιπιζομένῳ. | 1 | For anyone who doubts is like a wave in the sea that is driven by the wind and tossed around | Anyone who doubts that God will help him is said to be like the water in the ocean or in a large lake, which keeps moving in different directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 5 | JAS | 1 | 8 | k89p | figs-metaphor | ἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ | 1 | unstable in all his ways | Here this person is spoken of as if he cannot stay on one path but instead goes from one to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 6 | JAS | 1 | 9 | yxs5 | figs-metaphor | καυχάσθω ... ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ | 1 | boast of his high position | Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 7 | JAS | 1 | 10 | nug7 | figs-simile | ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται | 1 | he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass | Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 8 | JAS | 1 | 11 | ng26 | figs-simile | ὁ πλούσιος ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ μαρανθήσεται | 1 | the rich man will fade away in the middle of his journey | Here the flower simile is probably continued. As flowers do not die suddenly but instead fade away over a short time, so also the rich people may not die suddenly but instead take a little time to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 9 | JAS | 1 | 11 | sdi2 | figs-metaphor | ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ | 1 | in the middle of his journey | A rich man's activities in daily life are spoken of as if they are a journey that he is making. This metaphor implies that he is giving no thought to his coming death, and that it will takes him by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 10 | JAS | 1 | 12 | vcu4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James reminds the believers who have fled that God does not cause temptation; he tells them how to avoid temptation. | ||
| 11 | JAS | 1 | 12 | vr4a | ὑπομένει πειρασμόν | 1 | endures testing | remains faithful to God during hardships | |
| 12 | JAS | 1 | 12 | vta6 | δόκιμος | 1 | passed the test | he has been approved by God | |
| 13 | JAS | 1 | 14 | nj9m | figs-personification | ἕκαστος πειράζεται ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας | 1 | each person is tempted by his own desire | A person's desire is spoken of as if it were someone else who was tempting him to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 14 | JAS | 1 | 14 | nle5 | figs-personification | ἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος | 1 | which drags him away and entices him | Evil desire continues to be spoken of as if it were a person who could drag away someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 15 | JAS | 1 | 14 | z4bd | δελεαζόμενος | 1 | entices | attracts, persuades someone to do evil | |
| 16 | JAS | 1 | 15 | s4cd | figs-personification | εἶτα ἡ ἐπιθυμία συλλαβοῦσα τίκτει ἁμαρτίαν, ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία ἀποτελεσθεῖσα, ἀποκύει θάνατον | 1 | Then after the desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and after the sin is full grown, it gives birth to death | Desire continues to be spoken of as a person, this time clearly as a woman who becomes pregnant with a child. The child is identified as sin. Sin is another female baby that grows up, becomes pregnant, and gives birth to death. This chain of metaphors is a picture of someone who ends up dying both spiritually and physically because of his evil desires and his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 17 | JAS | 1 | 17 | t2nn | figs-doublet | πᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον | 1 | Every good gift and every perfect gift | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 18 | JAS | 1 | 18 | mj29 | figs-metaphor | ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς | 1 | give us birth | God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 19 | JAS | 1 | 20 | ej4p | ὀργὴ ... ἀνδρὸς, δικαιοσύνην Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται. | 1 | the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God | When a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous. | |
| 20 | JAS | 1 | 23 | pw5x | figs-simile | οὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ | 1 | he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirror | A person who hears God's word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 21 | JAS | 1 | 25 | kvr7 | figs-simile | ὁ ...παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον | 1 | the person who looks carefully into the perfect law | This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 22 | JAS | 1 | 26 | bj2t | ἀπατῶν | 1 | deceives | gets someone to believe something that is not true | |
| 23 | JAS | 1 | 27 | skf4 | figs-metaphor | παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί | 1 | before our God and Father | directed to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 24 | JAS | 1 | 27 | r8nj | ἐν τῇ θλίψει αὐτῶν | 1 | in their affliction | The fatherless and widows are suffering because their fathers or husbands have died. | |
| 25 | JAS | 2 | 1 | ici9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one another and reminds them not to favor rich people over poor brothers. | ||
| 26 | JAS | 2 | 1 | qs2x | figs-metaphor | ἔχετε τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ | Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 27 | JAS | 2 | 1 | en1c | προσωπολημψίαις | 1 | favoritism toward certain people | the desire to help some people more than others | |
| 28 | JAS | 2 | 2 | h5uh | figs-hypo | ἐὰν ...ἀνὴρ | 1 | Suppose that someone | James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 29 | JAS | 2 | 3 | zx9f | σὺ κάθου ὧδε καλῶς | 1 | sit here in a good place | sit in this place of honor | |
| 30 | JAS | 2 | 3 | ce14 | σὺ στῆθι ἐκεῖ | 1 | stand over there | move to a place with less honor | |
| 31 | JAS | 2 | 3 | h2fy | κάθου ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου | 1 | Sit at my feet | move to a humble place | |
| 32 | JAS | 2 | 5 | qii5 | figs-metaphor | κληρονόμους | 1 | heirs | The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 33 | JAS | 2 | 6 | yv6y | figs-you | ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠτιμάσατε | 1 | But you have | James is speaking to his whole audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 34 | JAS | 2 | 8 | ymf5 | ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν | 1 | You shall love your neighbor as yourself | James is quoting from the book of Leviticus. | |
| 35 | JAS | 2 | 10 | jb5u | figs-metaphor | πταίσῃ δὲ ἐν ἑνί, γέγονεν πάντων ἔνοχος | 1 | except that he stumbles ... the whole law | Stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk. Disobeying one point of the law is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 36 | JAS | 2 | 10 | m8ep | ἐν ἑνί | 1 | in just a single way | because of disobedience to just one requirement of the law | |
| 37 | JAS | 2 | 11 | ez11 | ὁ γὰρ εἰπών | 1 | For the one who said | This refers to God, who gave the law to Moses. | |
| 38 | JAS | 2 | 12 | ik76 | διὰ νόμου | 1 | by means of the law | This passage implies that it is God who will judge according to his law. | |
| 39 | JAS | 2 | 14 | h384 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works. | ||
| 40 | JAS | 2 | 15 | f6el | ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ | 1 | brother or sister | a fellow believer in Christ, whether male or female | |
| 41 | JAS | 2 | 16 | n5jh | figs-metonymy | τοῦ σώματος | 1 | for the body | to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 42 | JAS | 2 | 18 | al63 | figs-hypo | ἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις | 1 | Yet someone may say | James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching. James seeks to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 43 | JAS | 2 | 21 | ysr8 | 0 | General Information: | Since these are Jewish believers, they know the story of Abraham, about whom God had told them long ago in his word. | ||
| 44 | JAS | 2 | 25 | hir8 | ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη | 1 | In the same way also ... justified by works | James says that what was true of Abraham was also true of Rahab. Both were justified by works. | |
| 45 | JAS | 2 | 25 | pn2f | Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη | 1 | Rahab the prostitute | James expected his audience to know the Old Testament story about the woman Rahab. | |
| 46 | JAS | 2 | 25 | bx6i | figs-metaphor | ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη | 1 | justified by works | James speaks of works as something to possess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 47 | JAS | 2 | 25 | af9u | ἀγγέλους | 1 | messengers | people who bring news from another place | |
| 48 | JAS | 2 | 26 | uum8 | figs-metaphor | ὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν | 1 | For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead | James is speaking of faith without works as if it were a dead body without the spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 49 | JAS | 3 | intro | py3p | 0 | # James 03 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>James teaches his readers that they should live to please God by reminding them of things that they know from everyday life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br> | |||
| 50 | JAS | 3 | 1 | p4uu | figs-genericnoun | μὴ πολλοὶ | 1 | Not many of you | James is making a generalized statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) |
| 51 | JAS | 3 | 3 | z2ez | 0 | General Information: | James is developing an argument that small things can control big things. | ||
| 52 | JAS | 3 | 3 | zql3 | εἰ δὲ τῶν ἵππων τοὺς χαλινοὺς' εἰς τὰ στόματα βάλλομεν | 1 | Now if we put bits into horses' mouths | James speaks about horses' bits. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed into a horse's mouth to control where it goes. | |
| 53 | JAS | 3 | 3 | u92q | τῶν ἵππων | 1 | horses | A horse is a large animal used to carry things or people. | |
| 54 | JAS | 3 | 6 | i61e | figs-metaphor | ὁ κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας καθίσταται ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν | 1 | a world of sinfulness set among our body parts | The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 55 | JAS | 3 | 6 | sv44 | figs-metaphor | ἡ σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα | 1 | It stains the whole body | Sinful speaking is spoken of metaphorically as if it stained one's body. And becoming unacceptable to God is spoken of as if it were dirt on the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 56 | JAS | 3 | 7 | b8c9 | translate-unknown | ἑρπετῶν | 1 | reptile | This is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 57 | JAS | 3 | 7 | zw5m | ἐναλίων | 1 | sea creature | an animal that lives in the sea | |
| 58 | JAS | 3 | 11 | m18q | 0 | Connecting Statement: | After James stresses that the words of believers should not both bless and curse, he gives examples from nature to teach his readers that people who honor God by worshiping him should also live in right ways. | ||
| 59 | JAS | 4 | 1 | k21j | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James rebukes these believers for their worldliness and their lack of humility. He again urges them to watch how they speak to and about each other. | ||
| 60 | JAS | 4 | 1 | v5kg | ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν | 1 | among your members | Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer. | |
| 61 | JAS | 4 | 4 | b5ly | figs-metonymy | ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | friendship with the world | This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 62 | JAS | 4 | 4 | br36 | figs-personification | ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου | 1 | friendship with the world | Here the world's value system is spoken of as if it were a person that others could be friends with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 63 | JAS | 4 | 7 | b5yz | figs-you | ὑμῶν | 1 | you | Here this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 64 | JAS | 4 | 8 | g62m | figs-metaphor | ἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ | 1 | Come close to God | Here the idea of coming close stands for becoming honest and open with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 65 | JAS | 4 | 8 | yh1k | figs-parallelism | καθαρίσατε χεῖρας, ἁμαρτωλοί, καὶ ἁγνίσατε καρδίας, δίψυχοι. | 1 | Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded | These are two phrases in parallel with each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) |
| 66 | JAS | 4 | 9 | kdn8 | figs-doublet | ταλαιπωρήσατε, πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε. | 1 | Grieve, mourn, and cry | These three words have similar meanings. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should be truly sorry for not obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) |
| 67 | JAS | 4 | 17 | q84z | εἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν. | 1 | for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin | Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin. | |
| 68 | JAS | 5 | 1 | phs3 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches. | ||
| 69 | JAS | 5 | 2 | v241 | ὁ πλοῦτος ... τὰ ἱμάτια | 1 | riches ... clothes | These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people. | |
| 70 | JAS | 5 | 3 | wj9v | χρυσὸς ... ἄργυρος | 1 | gold ... silver | These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people. | |
| 71 | JAS | 5 | 3 | i37x | figs-simile | φάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ. | 1 | will consume ... like fire | Here the corrosion is spoken of as if it were a fire that will burn up their owners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 72 | JAS | 5 | 3 | j6fe | figs-metaphor | πῦρ | 1 | fire | The idea of fire here is meant to lead people to remember that fire often stands for God's punishment that will come on all the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 73 | JAS | 5 | 4 | gcj5 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches. | ||
| 74 | JAS | 5 | 4 | h9y8 | figs-metaphor | εἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ | 1 | into the ears of the Lord of hosts | God is spoken of as if he had ears as humans have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 75 | JAS | 5 | 7 | n888 | 0 | General Information: | In closing, James reminds the believers about the Lord's coming and gives several short lessons on how to live for the Lord. | ||
| 76 | JAS | 5 | 7 | xr6g | 0 | Connecting Statement: | James changes topics from a rebuke of the rich people to an exhortation to the believers. | ||
| 77 | JAS | 5 | 7 | y4er | figs-metaphor | ὁ γεωργὸς | 1 | the farmer | James makes an analogy using farmers and believers to teach what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 78 | JAS | 5 | 9 | k74r | μὴ στενάζετε, ἀδελφοί, κατ’ ἀλλήλων, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε. | 1 | Do not complain, brothers ... you | James is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers. | |
| 79 | JAS | 5 | 16 | t2iq | 0 | General Information: | As these were Jewish believers, James reminds them to pray by recalling one of the prophets of old and that prophet's practical prayers. | ||
| 80 | JAS | 5 | 16 | dl5k | ἐξομολογεῖσθε οὖν ... τὰς ἁμαρτίας, | 1 | So confess your sins | Admit to other believers things you did wrong so that you can be forgiven. | |
| 81 | JAS | 5 | 18 | yi7m | ἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς | 1 | the earth produced its fruit | Here the earth is presented as the source of the crops. | |
| 82 | JAS | 5 | 20 | xg1y | figs-metonymy | ὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ, σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. | 1 | whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins | James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 83 | JAS | 5 | 20 | rh4d | figs-metaphor | καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. | 1 | will cover over a great number of sins | Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |