VGM_vn_tn/en_tn_28-HOS.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	HOS	1	intro	ud3c			0		# Hosea 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:2-11.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Hosea's marriage<br>God does not approve of prostitution, but he told Hosea to marry a prostitute so that the message of Israel's unfaithfulness would be shown to the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>Hosea's marriage to Gomer is a metaphor for the kingdom of Israel's relationship to Yahweh. Israel was unfaithful to Yahweh and broke the covenant with him. Gomer was a woman who was unfaithful to her husband broke her marriage agreement with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Hosea 1-4 is controlled by a metaphor that Hosea lived out. He was personifying the relationship between Israel and Yahweh. Hosea played the part of Yahweh, and Gomer played the part of Israel.<br>
3	HOS	1	1	fhy8	translate-names		0	Beeri	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
4	HOS	1	1	f238	translate-names		0	Uzziah ... Jotham ... Ahaz ... Hezekiah ... Jeroboam ... Joash	The events in this book happened during the time of these kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5	HOS	1	1	ghv4			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
6	HOS	1	3	l8fb	translate-names		0	Gomer ... Diblaim	These are names of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
7	HOS	1	4	ykw9	figs-metaphor		0	the house of Israel	This expression refers to kingdom of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8	HOS	1	10	q3ve			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
9	HOS	1	10	mc4b	figs-simile		0	like the sand of the seashore	This emphasizes the great number of Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10	HOS	1	10	zlv3			0	where it was said to them	This expression probably refers to Jezreel, the city where crimes had been committed by kings of Israel, and which was a symbol of God's punishment of them.
11	HOS	1	11	t1bm			0	go up from the land	This expression might refer to the land where the people of Israel were in captivity.
12	HOS	1	11	b5bz	figs-explicit		0	the day of Jezreel	This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13	HOS	2	intro	h75z			0		# Hosea 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is poetry, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. Hosea 1-2 is a single series forming one narrative.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Many relationships are used in this chapter that are metaphors for the relationship between Israel and her God. Brother, sister, husband, wife, mother, and children are examples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>This chapter creates an abrupt change of address. The prophet is now addressing the children directly in the first few verses, but the whole chapter is written against Gomer as an illustration of Israel as an adulterous people. God uses Gomer as an illustration to teach the people of Israel how they should be faithful to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br>
14	HOS	2	1	qq88			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
15	HOS	2	2	d1d5			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
16	HOS	2	2	t1g6			0	lawsuit	This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law.
17	HOS	2	2	vb8m	figs-metaphor		0	for she is not my wife	Yahweh is stating that Israel, spoken of here as a woman, is no longer acting like a wife to Yahweh. Instead Israel has turned away from following and worshiping him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18	HOS	2	2	e3qh	figs-metaphor		0	neither am I her husband	Yahweh can no longer be in relationship with the nation of Israel as a husband would be to his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19	HOS	2	2	l76m	figs-metaphor		0	her acts of adultery	A wife who is adulterous leaves her husband to sleep with another man. This is how Israel was acting toward Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20	HOS	2	2	qp68	figs-metaphor		0	from between her breasts	This imagery suggests that Israel is relying on the idols and not Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21	HOS	2	3	x3z9	figs-metaphor		0	I will strip her naked and show her nakedness as on the day that she was born	Yahweh will no longer protect and provide for Israel because the nation has turned away from him. In Israel, husbands were obliged by law to provide clothes for their wives. Not to do so was a sign that a man was rejecting his wife. The full meaning of this may be made clear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22	HOS	2	3	w84f	figs-simile		0	I will make her like the wilderness	Yahweh will change Israel to resemble the wilderness, which is a region that is bare and unproductive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
23	HOS	2	4	dt2c			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
24	HOS	2	4	ck3e	figs-metaphor		0	for they are children of prostitution	The Israelites are acting like they do not belong to Yahweh. Just as their parents did not worship God, Neither do they. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25	HOS	2	5	bbd9	figs-metaphor		0	For their mother has been a prostitute	The previous generation who sought out other gods were considered prostitutes for they were unfaithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26	HOS	2	6	e3xg			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking to Hosea.
27	HOS	2	6	n4ve	figs-metaphor		0	Therefore I will build up a hedge to block her way with thorns. I will build up a wall against her so she cannot find her way	This passage indicates that Yahweh will prevent his people from finding success and prosperity, becuase they continue to worship idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
28	HOS	2	8	i559			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
29	HOS	2	9	v55u	figs-metonymy		0	I will take back my wool and flax that were used to cover her nakedness	This probably means that Israel's harvests and flocks will fail. Yahweh will remove his blessings from Israel, and the people will be left alone and in danger of attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30	HOS	2	10	fpp3			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea.
31	HOS	2	10	jfc9	figs-metaphor		0	Then I will strip her naked in the sight of her lovers	This means God will humiliate the people of Israel in front of the other nations nearby. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32	HOS	2	12	ege9			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel.
33	HOS	2	12	f2fc	figs-metaphor		0	make them a forest	Yahweh will destroy the vineyards and fruit trees by allowing other trees and weeds to grow among them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34	HOS	2	14	a2gy			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
35	HOS	2	14	uxh6			0	So I am going to win her back	I, Yahweh, will bring her back to me
36	HOS	2	15	cf8d			0	the Valley of Achor as a door of hope	As Yahweh lead Israel out of Egypt, he will lead Israel to the Valley of Achor so that Israel will hope again in Yahweh.
37	HOS	2	15	sql9	figs-metaphor		0	She will answer me there as she did in the days of her youth, as in the days that she came out of the land of Egypt	Yahweh hopes that the nation of Israel will repent and again choose to worship him as their God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
38	HOS	2	16	m6gg	figs-metaphor		0	My husband	This means the people of Israel will love and be faithful to Yahweh just as a wife is to a husband. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
39	HOS	2	18	ma1m			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do to Israel.
40	HOS	2	18	puj7			0	On that day	This phrase is used to talk about a future restoration between Israel and Yahweh.
41	HOS	2	18	j2tx			0	I will make a covenant for them	Yahweh's new covenant will include peace for the animals.
42	HOS	2	18	u7mv	figs-metonymy		0	lie down in safety	This expression refers to living in safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43	HOS	2	19	t7wt			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel.
44	HOS	2	19	h2m4	figs-metaphor		0	I will promise to be your husband forever	Yahweh will be like the husband, and Israel will be like Yahweh's wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45	HOS	2	21	bb87			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel.
46	HOS	2	22	w8qh	figs-personification		0	The earth will answer the grain, the new wine and the oil, and they will answer Jezreel	The land will meet the need for grain, new wine, and olive oil. These things will also meet the needs of Jezreel. The land and these products are spoken of as if they were people who could meet the needs of others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
47	HOS	2	22	zi92	figs-metaphor		0	Jezreel	Here the name of this valley stands for all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48	HOS	2	23	u9ni			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to Hosea about what he will do for Israel.
49	HOS	3	intro	k2ts			0		# Hosea 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter focuses on the meaning of the illustration of Hosea's marriage. It is a very short chapter written in prose to show the truth of Israel's relationship with Yahweh. After bearing a number of children for Hosea, Gomer leaves him and prostitutes herself with other men, showing little to no regard for their marriage covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>This chapter contains a continuation of the metaphor played out in chapter 2. Hosea is told to go and buy his wife out of slavery. Gomer must have been captured and held as a slave due to her adulterous activity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br>
50	HOS	3	1	t4kg			0	Go again, love a woman, loved by her husband, but who is an adulteress	This refers back to [Hosea 1:2](../01/02.md). Yahweh again tells Hosea to love an adulterous woman.
51	HOS	3	1	sa34	translate-symaction		0	Love her just as I, Yahweh, love the people of Israel	By loving the adulterous woman, Hosea will be an example of Yahweh's love for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
52	HOS	3	1	rvb9			0	they turn to other gods and love raisin cakes	People ate raisin or fig cakes during festivals where they worshiped false gods.
53	HOS	3	2	ik7l			0	fifteen pieces of silver and a homer and a lethek of barley	This was the price to buy a slave.
54	HOS	3	4	s5dq			0	For the people of Israel will live for many days without a king, prince, sacrifice, stone pillar, ephod or household idols	Just as Hosea lived without his wife because she committed adultery, Israel will live without a king and without worshiping God, because they committed idolatry.
55	HOS	3	5	plr4			0	in the last days	in the future
56	HOS	4	intro	m65b			0		# Hosea 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The author stops using the metaphor of a husband/wife relationship and begins using a new illustration using lawsuits. God is suing the people of Israel because of all the wrong they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lawsuits<br><br>Lawsuits are special cases where people go to court when they have a legal issue to resolve between them. Normally, one party is accusing another party of having done wrong.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metonymy<br><br>Metonymy is used in the first few verses of this chapter. Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a thing or idea is called not by its own name, but by the name of something closely associated with it. Bloodshed is associated with murder. Stumbling represents sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>
57	HOS	4	1	k5fr			0	General Information:	This chapter begins Yahweh's argument against the unfaithful Israelites.
58	HOS	4	1	t2hu	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh has a lawsuit against the inhabitants of the land	Yahweh stating that the people of Israel have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
59	HOS	4	1	ste3			0	lawsuit	This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md).
60	HOS	4	3	y9lx			0	So the land is drying up	This expression refers to drought, when no rain falls for a long time.
61	HOS	4	3	mp1u			0	wasting away	becoming weak and dying because of sickness or lack of food
62	HOS	4	4	xl63			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
63	HOS	4	4	gz4e			0	lawsuit	a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law
64	HOS	4	4	t69t			0	do not let anyone accuse anyone else	No one should accuse another person of anything because everyone is guilty of something.
65	HOS	4	6	qhc8			0	General Information:	In 4:6, Yahweh is talking to the priests about the people of Israel. But in 4:7, he is talking about the priests, not to them. It is possible for the translator to follow the example of the UST, which portrays Yahweh as talking to the priests also in 4:7.
66	HOS	4	8	j2qz			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues speaking about the priests.
67	HOS	4	8	ajz2	figs-explicit		0	They feed on the sin of my people	When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
68	HOS	4	8	e3kk	figs-explicit		0	they are greedy for more of their wickedness	The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
69	HOS	4	9	lv38			0	It will be the same for the people as for the priests	The people and the priests will be punished in the same way
70	HOS	4	10	y17j			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
71	HOS	4	10	p57j			0	but not increase	but not have children
72	HOS	4	10	az6x			0	they have gone far away	The people have stopped worshiping and following God.
73	HOS	4	11	da24			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
74	HOS	4	11	ql5t	figs-personification		0	sexual promiscuity, wine, and new wine, which have taken away their understanding	The people of Israel are pursuing sex outside of marriage and drinking too much wine. In doing these activities they have forgotten Yahweh's commands. These actions are spoken of here as if they were someone who could prevent other people from understanding the importance of obeying Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
75	HOS	4	12	b2e9	figs-personification		0	their walking sticks give them prophecies	Idol worshipers used walking sticks to help them predict the future. The walking sticks are spoken of here as if they were people who spoke prophecies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
76	HOS	4	12	mu4t	figs-metaphor		0	has misled	has convinced the people to sin (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
77	HOS	4	13	f8ym			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
78	HOS	4	14	q3pu			0	sacred prostitutes	These were women who had sexual relations with men who came to worship certain idols. This was viewed as a sacred action in honor of the false gods.
79	HOS	4	14	asb1	figs-metaphor		0	So this people who does not understand will be thrown down	Yahweh will destroy the nation of Israel because they do not understand or obey God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80	HOS	4	15	n41g			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
81	HOS	4	15	sei7			0	may Judah not become guilty	God knows how sinful Israel has become and does not want Judah to do the same thing.
82	HOS	4	15	g1ti			0	Do not go to Gilgal, you people; do not go up to Beth Aven	The people of Judah are being warned not to go to the cities of Gilgal or Beth Aven to worship idols in those places. Gilgal was once a place where Yahweh had been worshiped, but it had become a place of idol worship.
83	HOS	4	15	wj2f	translate-names		0	Beth Aven	This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
84	HOS	4	16	vaf7	figs-simile		0	like a stubborn heifer	Israel is compared to a young cow that will not obey its master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
85	HOS	4	17	y9hs			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
86	HOS	4	18	t2qi			0	her rulers dearly love their shame	The rulers are not ashamed of what they are doing when they worship idols and turn against Yahweh.
87	HOS	5	intro	cz2x			0		# Hosea 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using the poetic form exclusively.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>The author uses Ephraim and Israel interchangeably. They both refer to the northern kingdom of Israel. Judah is also mentioned and refers to the southern kingdom of Judah. Benjamin is part of the southern kingdom of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter is full of metaphors and similes. The writer uses these figures of speech to show how Yahweh will treat his people for not obeying his instructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br>
88	HOS	5	1	qy78			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
89	HOS	5	1	i4kf	translate-names		0	You have been a snare at Mizpah and a net spread over Tabor	A snare and a net are both objects used to catch prey. In this case, the priests and the royal household had devised ways to keep the people away from Yahweh, while enticing them into idolatry. Mizpah and Tabor were places for idol worship in the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90	HOS	5	2	u6yj			0	in slaughter	Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as standing for wickedness.
91	HOS	5	3	ki2p			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
92	HOS	5	3	vw9u	figs-simile		0	Ephraim, now you have become like a prostitute	Ephraim is presented in terms of a prostitute because the people have become unfaithful to God, as a prostitute is faithful to no man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
93	HOS	5	4	xz8q			0	for the mind of adultery is in them	This means they have the desire to be unfaithful to God. They want to worship idols.
94	HOS	5	4	kub1			0	they do not know Yahweh	Israel no longer obeys Yahweh in any way. They do not acknowledge Yahweh as their God.
95	HOS	5	5	iu6y			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
96	HOS	5	5	px3d	figs-idiom		0	so Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt; and Judah also will stumble with them	The two kingdoms will become completely disobedient to God because of their pride and sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
97	HOS	5	7	im5k			0	They were unfaithful to Yahweh, for they have borne illegitimate children	Possible meanings are 1) this means the Israelites were marrying people from other nations and having children with them or 2) this means the Israelite parents were unfaithful to Yahweh and they were teaching their children to worship idols.
98	HOS	5	7	yu59	figs-personification		0	Now the new moon festivals will devour them with their fields	The people of Israel were supposed to celebrate during the new moon. Here this expression seems to describe the new moon festival as a beast that will eat the people and their fields. However, it is hard to interpret this expression; many versions translate it without making much sense of it. However, the overall meaning is certainly that God will punish the people for their unfaithfulness to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
99	HOS	5	8	uh2c			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel.
100	HOS	5	8	ail1	translate-names		0	Beth Aven	This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
101	HOS	5	9	n3pe			0	Among the tribes of Israel I have declared what is certain to happen	I will do to the tribes of Israel what I have declared
102	HOS	5	10	x6j7			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
103	HOS	5	10	wbd7	figs-metaphor		0	I will pour my wrath on them like water	Yahweh's wrath against Judah will be like a large stream of water that destroys them. In the scriptures, emotions and moral qualities are often spoken of as if they were liquids. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104	HOS	5	12	jy1j			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
105	HOS	5	12	z5lp	figs-simile		0	I will be like a moth to Ephraim, and like rot to the house of Judah	A moth on a piece of wool and rot in a piece of wood are both destructive. Yahweh will destroy both nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
106	HOS	5	12	y9bw			0	moth ... rot	These two terms are translated in various ways because the meaning of the Hebrew word is either very broad or it is uncertain.
107	HOS	5	13	pf8f	figs-metaphor		0	When Ephraim saw his sickness, and Judah saw his wound	Both Ephraim (the northern kingdom of Israel) and Judah (the southern kingdom of Israel) realized that they were in danger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108	HOS	5	14	mxf1			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Judah and Israel.
109	HOS	5	14	su9f	figs-simile		0	So I will be like a lion to Ephraim	Yahweh is going to pursue and attack Ephraim like a lion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
110	HOS	5	14	bpl6	figs-simile		0	like a young lion to the house of Judah	Yahweh is going to treat Judah in a similar way. Yahweh is showing his displeasure with both the northern and the southern kingdoms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
111	HOS	5	14	rse7			0	I, even I	Yahweh is emphasizing that he is the one that is bringing judgment on all of his people.
112	HOS	5	14	y54f	figs-metaphor		0	will tear	As a lion tears apart the animal it is eating, so Yahweh will tear his people away from their homes and country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113	HOS	5	15	gc86			0	I will go and return to my place	Yahweh will leave his rebellious people.
114	HOS	6	intro	xu4q			0		# Hosea 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using the poetic form to show how Yahweh will still show mercy to his wayward people, the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Gilead is an area in the northern kingdom of Israel where several of the tribes lived. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Change in speaker<br>There is a change in person from 6:1-3 to 6:4-11. In the first passage, the speaker is an anonymous Israelite, but in the rest of the chapter, the speaker is Yahweh.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Throughout the chapter, the author uses the metaphor of prostitution to say that his people have abandoned him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
115	HOS	6	1	a6ue			0	Connecting Statement:	The people of Israel confess their need to repent.
116	HOS	6	1	u9ye	figs-parallelism		0	he has torn us to pieces ... he has injured us	God has punished the people of Israel because they disobeyed him and worshiped idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
117	HOS	6	1	ntx5	figs-parallelism		0	he will heal us ... he will bandage our wounds	Israel believes that God will be merciful to them when they repent and he will deliver them from their troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
118	HOS	6	2	yn3u	figs-idiom		0	After two days he will revive us; he will raise us up on the third day	This represents a short period of time. Israel believes God will quickly come to rescue them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
119	HOS	6	3	mk9b	figs-simile		0	His coming out is as sure as the dawn	Yahweh will come to help his people just as surely as the sun rises each morning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
120	HOS	6	4	e5w6			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh is speaking.
121	HOS	6	5	kr95	figs-simile		0	Your decrees are like the light that shines out	Here the prophet Hosea is speaking to God. He may mean that when God gives the command for someone to die as punishment, it is like a bolt of lightning that strikes. Or he may mean that God's commandments allow people to know the truth, just as light makes objects visible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
122	HOS	6	5	vv2v			0	Your decrees	Yahweh's commands
123	HOS	6	6	r5ls			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
124	HOS	6	8	cwt2			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
125	HOS	6	10	k436			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
126	HOS	6	10	f2vh			0	Israel has become unclean	Israel has become unacceptable to God because of her actions.
127	HOS	6	11	hag4			0	fortunes	prosperity and security
128	HOS	7	intro	yc44			0		# Hosea 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms to speak of Yahweh's anger over the sin of the people. The people are not seeking Yahweh; they are seeking other gods and looking for salvation from other nations like Egypt and Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Baking<br><br>Baking of bread is an extended metaphor in this chapter. Yahweh uses various aspects of this activity to show his displeasure with their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel and Ephraim<br>This chapter begins by using two different names for the same group of people: Israel and Ephraim. It also mentions Samaria, which was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel.<br>
129	HOS	7	1	wc7w			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
130	HOS	7	1	l8yq	figs-metaphor		0	I want to heal Israel	Making Israel obedient to God again and receivers of his blessing is spoken of as if it were healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
131	HOS	7	1	u93n	figs-explicit		0	for they practice deceit	The people are selling and buying products dishonestly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
132	HOS	7	1	u8xl			0	marauding band	This is a group of people who are attacking other people without cause.
133	HOS	7	2	t9av	figs-metaphor		0	their deeds surround them	The people's evil deeds are probably spoken of here as if they were other people ready to accuse them of their crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134	HOS	7	3	aq6w			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking. The Hebrew text is not clear in various places. However, many people interpret it as describing the royal officials as being unfaithful to God, and also as planning to assassinate the king, and then carrying out their plans. This seems to have happened more than once. These crimes are mentioned as illustrations of the wickedness into which the nation has sunk.
135	HOS	7	4	ccn2	figs-metaphor		0	They are all adulterers	The people committed spiritual adultery by worshiping idols and being unfaithful to Yahweh. They were probably also being unfaithful to their husbands or wives by sleeping with other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136	HOS	7	4	pvh6			0	kneading of the dough	This is a part of the process of making bread.
137	HOS	7	5	h9ht			0	On the day of our king	This is perhaps a festival held by the king.
138	HOS	7	5	zte7	figs-idiom		0	He reached out with his hand	This probably means to unite or join with someone. It may mean that the king joins with his officials to mock things or people that should not be mocked, even God himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
139	HOS	7	6	h4zw			0	General Information:	The court officials' plotting is described. Their anger is what motivates them to kill their king.
140	HOS	7	7	b2nn	figs-simile		0	They all are as hot as an oven	This compares their anger to the heat that comes from an oven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
141	HOS	7	7	z8ny	figs-metaphor		0	they devour those who rule over them	This seems to mean that the court officials kill their kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142	HOS	7	8	a6qy			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
143	HOS	7	8	lqx6			0	Ephraim mixes himself among the peoples	This is probably a reference to the efforts made by the northern kingdom's kings to ally themselves with other nations for protection against attack.
144	HOS	7	10	i323			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
145	HOS	7	11	wu9b	figs-simile		0	Ephraim is like a dove, gullible and without sense	Doves were thought to be foolish birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
146	HOS	7	11	jpu5			0	Egypt ... Assyria	These were powerful nations that Israel could ask for help.
147	HOS	7	12	hur1			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
148	HOS	7	12	jg68	figs-metaphor		0	I will spread my net over them	This is a way to catch birds. Yahweh continues to compare the people of Israel to doves. When they go to Egypt or Assyria for help, Yahweh will punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
149	HOS	7	12	c4zg			0	in their flocking together	This expression extends the metaphor of the birds.
150	HOS	7	14	uda3			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
151	HOS	7	14	jwr2			0	they wail on their beds	It was usual for idol worshipers to eat ceremonial meals while reclining on couches or beds.
152	HOS	7	15	kf6z	figs-metaphor		0	Though I trained them and strengthened their arms	This may be a military metaphor, in which God training the Israelites to love him and obey him is spoken of as if he had been training their men for war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
153	HOS	7	16	k39m			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
154	HOS	7	16	r57a	figs-simile		0	They are like a slack bow	That is, a bow that has no bowstring, or that has no tension. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
155	HOS	8	1	iyy7			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about the coming of the Assyrian army to attack the northern kingdom.
156	HOS	8	2	hq2r			0	know you	are faithful to you
157	HOS	8	4	hqd2			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
158	HOS	8	6	y4fg			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
159	HOS	8	7	hpc6	figs-metaphor		0	For the people sow the wind and reap the whirlwind	To sow or plant the wind is to act in useless or destructive ways. To reap the whirlwind is to suffer disaster from one's own actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
160	HOS	8	7	m4n5	figs-metaphor		0	If it does come to maturity, foreigners will devour it	If any of Israel's actions do happen to result in something good, Israel's enemies will come and take it from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161	HOS	8	8	vk5d			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
162	HOS	8	9	byr1	figs-simile		0	like a wild donkey all alone	People often think of donkeys as being stubborn. This means the people of Israel refused to listen to Yahweh but instead went to the people of Assyria for help. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
163	HOS	8	11	m4nc			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
164	HOS	8	13	gmz3			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
165	HOS	8	13	fl3w			0	They will return to Egypt	Because of their sin, God will send his people away as slaves to the Egyptians.
166	HOS	9	1	fz5r			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
167	HOS	9	2	f2gu	figs-personification		0	But the threshing floor and the winepress will not feed them	This describes the threshing floor and the winepress as if they were humans that can feed someone. This means that the harvest will not provide enough grain for threshing to meet the needs of the people, and that it will not provide the grapes for pressing to make enough wine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
168	HOS	9	2	nt1h			0	the new wine will fail them	There will not be enough grape juice to make wine with.
169	HOS	9	3	c8av			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
170	HOS	9	3	sdu7			0	Yahweh's land	This expression signals that Yahweh continues to view the land of Israel as his property, not the property of the Israelites.
171	HOS	9	3	dgt9	figs-metaphor		0	unclean food	This is food that the Israelites would normally refuse to eat because it would make them unacceptable to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
172	HOS	9	4	yxx6			0	For their food will be for themselves only; it will not come into the house of Yahweh	The people of Israel will have food to eat, but Yahweh will not accept it as a sacrifice.
173	HOS	9	4	n7e6	figs-personification		0	it will not come into the house of Yahweh	The unclean food is spoken of as if it were able to go places by itself. Of course, people actually had to take it with them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
174	HOS	9	5	nbi8			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
175	HOS	9	5	vze5	figs-parallelism		0	the day of an appointed festival ... the day of a festival for Yahweh	Both of these mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
176	HOS	9	7	j1km			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
177	HOS	9	7	g5su	figs-parallelism		0	The days for punishment are coming; the days for retribution are coming	Hosea says these two similar phrases to emphasize that Yahweh will soon judge the people of Israel for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
178	HOS	9	7	k43u	figs-parallelism		0	The prophet is a fool, and the inspired man is insane	These phrases mean basically the same thing. Possible meanings are 1) that the people regarded the prophets as madmen or 2) that the prophets had become crazy because of the sins that the people had committed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
179	HOS	9	8	s6hc			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
180	HOS	9	10	hd75			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
181	HOS	9	10	rt26			0	When I found Israel	This refers to when Yahweh first started his relationship with the people of Israel by claiming them as his own special people.
182	HOS	9	10	hf2a	figs-parallelism		0	it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. Like the very first fruit of the season on the fig tree	Both of these statements emphasize situations that are pleasing to a person. This means Yahweh was very happy when his relationship with the people of Israel started. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
183	HOS	9	10	d3sn	translate-names		0	Baal Peor	This is the name of a mountain in the land of Moab where the false god Baal was worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
184	HOS	9	11	hbj9			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
185	HOS	9	12	t5yp	figs-metaphor		0	when I turn away from them	When God stops helping the northern kingdom, it will be as if he physically turned away from them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
186	HOS	9	13	vx3t			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
187	HOS	9	15	jgc2			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
188	HOS	9	15	z8j7			0	their officials	the men who serve the king
189	HOS	9	16	iyy3			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking in verse 16. Hosea begins speaking in verse 17.
190	HOS	9	16	i7bg	figs-metaphor		0	Ephraim is diseased, and their root is dried up; they bear no fruit	Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel as if they were a diseased tree that does not produce fruit and is ready to be cut down. This is a statement that the people have become weak, and that soon their enemies will come and defeat them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191	HOS	10	1	px1g			0	General Information:	Hosea is speaking about Israel.
192	HOS	10	1	rq8z	figs-metaphor		0	Israel is a luxuriant vine that produces his fruit	Israel is spoken of as a vine that was very fruitful. For a while the people prospered and were strong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
193	HOS	10	1	z9ge			0	a luxuriant vine	This vine produces more fruit than normal.
194	HOS	10	1	b9ev			0	As his fruit increased ... As his land produced more	Both of these mean as the people prospered and grew stronger and richer.
195	HOS	10	3	wu2z			0	General Information:	Hosea is speaking about Israel.
196	HOS	10	4	pk52	figs-simile		0	like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field	Their lies and injustice spread throughout their nation and harm everyone like poisonous plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
197	HOS	10	5	yyw7			0	General Information:	Hosea is speaking about Israel.
198	HOS	10	5	ete5	translate-names		0	Beth Aven	This was a city on the border between the northern kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Benjamin in the southern kingdom. See how you translated this in [Hosea 4:15](../04/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
199	HOS	10	7	ci5d	figs-simile		0	like a chip of wood on the surface of the water	This means the king of Samaria will be as helpless as a small piece of wood that waves of the water toss back and forth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
200	HOS	10	9	qgp5			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
201	HOS	10	9	v7l6			0	days of Gibeah	This is probably a reference to the shocking actions of the tribe of Benjamin recounted in Judges 19-21. See how you translated this in [Hosea 9:9](../09/09.md).
202	HOS	10	10	gmp6			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
203	HOS	10	10	uf9g			0	double iniquity	This refers to the many sins of Israel.
204	HOS	10	11	bf8z	figs-metaphor		0	Ephraim is a trained heifer that loves to thresh	A heifer loves to thresh because they can walk around freely without a yoke. Yahweh means that he has allowed the people of Israel to be free and have a pleasant life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205	HOS	10	11	g2e2			0	harrow	a tool used to smooth the land and cover the seeds after plowing
206	HOS	10	12	uye7			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
207	HOS	10	13	q9as	figs-metaphor		0	You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injustice	Wickedness and injustice are spoken of as if they were crops that could be sown and harvested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
208	HOS	10	14	yp1i			0	It will be as Shalman destroyed Beth Arbel on a day of battle	The coming war is being compared to a battle long ago.
209	HOS	10	14	fc5f	translate-names		0	Shalman	This is the name of a king who destroyed the city of Beth Arbel around 740 BC. His army murdered women and children in the attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
210	HOS	10	14	ist7	translate-names		0	Beth Arbel	This is likely the name of a city of the tribe of Naphtali. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
211	HOS	11	intro	b7ac			0		# Hosea 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using the poetic form to communicate about Yahweh's relationship to the northern kingdom of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>This chapter contains an extended metaphor of Israel as a male child in the care of Yahweh, his parent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical question<br><br>Yahweh uses rhetorical questions to show his disappointment and anger at Israel's persistent rejection of him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
212	HOS	11	1	h8vd			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking of caring for Israel like a parent cares for a child.
213	HOS	11	1	w4nm	figs-metaphor		0	When Israel was a young man	Yahweh is speaking about the people of Israel as if they were a young man. Yahweh is referring to when he first started his relationship with the nation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214	HOS	11	3	w384			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about how he cared for Israel.
215	HOS	11	3	mgr5	figs-metaphor		0	it was I who taught Ephraim to walk	Yahweh refers to Israel as a small child whom he taught to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
216	HOS	11	4	wy1e	figs-parallelism		0	I led them with cords of humanity, with bands of love	Yahweh loved his people in ways that they as humans could understand and appreciate. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
217	HOS	11	4	e1we	figs-simile		0	I was to them like someone who eased the yoke on their jaws	Yahweh is speaking of the nation of Israel as a hardworking animal whose work he made easier. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
218	HOS	11	4	j7cs			0	I bent down to them and fed them	This expression continues the metaphor in which Israel is pictured as a young child. It may mean that Yahweh provided for all their physical needs.
219	HOS	11	5	h9l8			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
220	HOS	11	5	ng27	figs-rquestion		0	Will they not return to the land of Egypt?	This question means that the nation of Israel will once again be slaves as they were in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
221	HOS	11	5	lp4b	figs-rquestion		0	Will Assyria not rule over them because they refuse to return to me?	The nation of Israel will be captives of Assyria as a result of their refusal to remain faithful to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
222	HOS	11	6	kgr1	figs-metonymy		0	destroy the bars of their gates	Gates offered security to city inhabitants from their enemies, and the bars secured the closed gates. To destroy the bars meant to take away the people's security. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
223	HOS	11	7	e7fv			0	no one will help them	Yahweh will not allow anyone to help Israel because they turned away from him.
224	HOS	11	8	ubx2			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about Israel.
225	HOS	11	9	que5			0	For I am God and not a man	God is not like people, who often decide very quickly to take revenge.
226	HOS	11	10	k7zh			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking about when he will restore his people.
227	HOS	11	10	ge5v	figs-metaphor		0	They will follow Yahweh	Worshiping and honoring Yahweh is spoken of as if it were following him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
228	HOS	11	10	ct2q	figs-simile		0	he will roar like a lion	Yahweh making it possible for his people to return to his land is spoken of as if he were calling to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
229	HOS	11	12	i52h			0	General Information:	Yahweh is talking about Israel and Judah.
230	HOS	11	12	mtk3	figs-parallelism		0	Ephraim surrounds me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with deceit	Lies and deceitful acts are spoken of as if they were objects that the people of the northern kingdom surrounded Yahweh with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
231	HOS	12	intro	z7s4			0		# Hosea 12 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Jacob<br><br>There is a parallel between Jacob and the northern kingdom of Israel. In the same way that Jacob returned to Yahweh, the northern kingdom should repent of their idolatry and turn back to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br>
232	HOS	12	1	k8wj			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
233	HOS	12	1	g9zd	figs-metonymy		0	follows after the east wind	East winds were very hot and destructive to the land. Here it represents anything that is destructive. The people doing things that will destroy themselves is spoken of as if they are following the east wind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
234	HOS	12	1	ij53			0	carry olive oil to Egypt	The people of Israel sent olive oil as a present to the king of Egypt to try and persuade him to help them.
235	HOS	12	2	evm4	figs-metaphor		0	Yahweh also has a lawsuit against Judah	Yahweh stating that the people of Judah have sinned against him and broken his covenant is spoken of as if Yahweh were accusing them in court. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Hosea 4:1](../04/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236	HOS	12	2	w5u6			0	lawsuit	This is a complaint by one person against another person in a court of law. See how you translated this in [Hosea 2:2](../02/02.md).
237	HOS	12	3	dr1v			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking about Jacob the ancestor of the Israelites.
238	HOS	12	3	v8bh	figs-explicit		0	In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel	Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
239	HOS	12	4	s9n9	figs-explicit		0	He struggled with the angel and won	Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240	HOS	12	5	j2gg			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
241	HOS	12	6	guk8			0	Keep covenantal faithfulness and justice	This refers to obeying God's law and doing what is right.
242	HOS	12	7	h5jj			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking about Israel.
243	HOS	12	7	n12e			0	false scales	The merchants use scales that do not accurately measure the weight of the money or products they are buying or selling.
244	HOS	12	7	qvm9			0	they love to defraud	The merchants cheat their customers by lying to them and taking more money than they should.
245	HOS	12	8	bm7n	figs-parallelism		0	I have certainly become very rich; I have found wealth for myself	These two phrases mean the same thing and mean that the people of Ephraim consider themselves to be very prosperous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
246	HOS	12	9	p92t			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.
247	HOS	12	11	kqj8			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
248	HOS	12	11	h73r	figs-simile		0	their altars will be like heaps of stone in the furrows of the fields	The altars where the people worshiped will be thrown down and become piles of stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
249	HOS	12	13	a79t			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
250	HOS	12	13	a8xe			0	by a prophet	That is, Moses.
251	HOS	12	14	v7cg			0	bitterly	The anger that the people have caused in Yahweh is extremely great.
252	HOS	13	1	u92j			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
253	HOS	13	2	q78p	figs-explicit		0	These men who sacrifice kiss calves	Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
254	HOS	13	3	jbj2	figs-simile		0	So they will be like the morning clouds ... like the dew ... like the chaff ... like smoke out of a chimney	These expressions state that Israel is temporary and will soon disappear if they continue to worship idols instead of following Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
255	HOS	13	4	k7l1			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking of his people as if they had been a flock of sheep that he found wandering in the wilderness. He says that he claimed them there for his own.
256	HOS	13	5	gbf1			0	I knew you in the wilderness	Yahweh claimed the Hebrew people as his own special people, and he took care of them there.
257	HOS	13	6	nkz8			0	When you had pasture, then you became full	The image of sheep is continued with this expression.
258	HOS	13	7	x7c5			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
259	HOS	13	7	tq4b	figs-simile		0	like a lion ... like a leopard	These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
260	HOS	13	8	y1e5	figs-simile		0	as a bear ... as a lion ... as a wild beast	These are wild animals that attack and kill other animals. Yahweh continues to say that he will destroy his people for their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
261	HOS	13	9	jdv7			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
262	HOS	13	10	vd6r	figs-rquestion		0	Where now is your king, that he may save you in all your cities? Where are your rulers, about whom you said to me, 'Give me a king and princes'?	Yahweh asks these questions to tell Israel that when they rebel against him, no king or ruler can help them. Only Yahweh can save them from destruction. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
263	HOS	13	12	v1mf			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
264	HOS	13	12	d9c6	figs-parallelism		0	Ephraim's iniquity has been stored up; his guilt has been stored up	These two phrases are similar and mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
265	HOS	13	12	f96y	figs-metaphor		0	has been stored up	The northern kingdom's iniquity and guilt are spoken of as if they were objects that could be kept for a purpose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266	HOS	13	13	ba82	figs-metaphor		0	Pains of childbirth will come on him	Here Yahweh speaks of the suffering the people of Israel will suffer as if it were the pains of child birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
267	HOS	13	13	b6hn	figs-metaphor		0	but he is an unwise son, for when it is time to be born, he does not come out of the womb	Yahweh now describes the people of Israel as the baby to which the mother is giving birth. The baby is unwise because it does not want to be born. The people do not want to repent and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
268	HOS	13	14	yv5m			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
269	HOS	13	15	w2sd			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
270	HOS	13	15	r777	figs-metaphor		0	his brothers	This expression seems to stand for the nations around the northern kingdom, especially Judah, the southern kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
271	HOS	13	15	nj8n	figs-metaphor		0	an east wind will come; the wind of Yahweh	A wind from the east was very hot and destructive. Here it refers to the armies from the east that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
272	HOS	13	15	cy4j	figs-metaphor		0	Ephraim's spring will dry up, and his well will have no water	Hosea continues to describe how God will punish the people of Israel. Here water represents life, vitality, and strength. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
273	HOS	13	15	g7kl	figs-metaphor		0	his storehouse	This refers to all of the peoples' possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
274	HOS	13	16	hb4l			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
275	HOS	14	intro	bp7t			0		# Hosea 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This last chapter of Hosea ends with hope. In this chapter, Hosea calls for Israel to confess to Yahweh and repent. This chapter continues to be written in poetic form, using metaphors and other devices to communicate God's love for his sinful people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>Why are confession and repentance even suggested here for a people that Yahweh has already condemned to be destroyed? It is because this is a teaching that Yahweh is a merciful God who loves his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Speaker<br>The use of first and second person in this chapter often signifies a change in speaker. In this chapter, Hosea is speaking to the northern kingdom to tell them that Yahweh loves them.<br>There are several places in this chapter where the writer switches from the third person to the second or the first person. This may cause some confusion about who is speaking.<br>
276	HOS	14	1	x5ih			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
277	HOS	14	1	e3je	figs-metaphor		0	for you have fallen because of your iniquity	Sinning is spoken of here as if it were falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278	HOS	14	3	r5m5			0	General Information:	Hosea is speaking
279	HOS	14	3	y9ak			0	the fatherless person	This expression stands perhaps for the entire nation. It indicates God's enormous compassion for his people.
280	HOS	14	4	j8i4			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
281	HOS	14	4	x6kz	figs-metaphor		0	I will heal their turning away	Stopping the people from turning away from God is spoken of as if he were healing them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
282	HOS	14	4	e5gg	figs-metaphor		0	their turning away	The failure of the people to obey God is spoken of as if they had physically turned away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
283	HOS	14	5	akq8	figs-simile		0	I will be like the dew to Israel; he will blossom like the lily	God is spoken of as if he were dew that brought needed moisture to plants, and Israel is spoken of as if it were one person, and as if he were a flower that could blossom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284	HOS	14	5	s2km	figs-simile		0	take root like a cedar in Lebanon	The picture of Israel in the form of a plant is continued here, but this time in the form of a tall cedar tree in Lebanon, which was known for such trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
285	HOS	14	6	pa2f	figs-simile		0	His branches will spread out ... like the cedars in Lebanon	This passage continues the same image. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
286	HOS	14	7	ia8e			0	General Information:	Yahweh is speaking.
287	HOS	14	7	z3a1	figs-metaphor		0	The people who live in his shade will return	The people of Israel will once again live protected by God. Israel is spoken of as living in his shade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288	HOS	14	7	e5fj	figs-simile		0	they will revive like grain and blossom like vines	Israel's new prosperity is spoken of in agricultural terms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
289	HOS	14	8	as1u	figs-rquestion		0	what more have I to do with idols?	This passage signifies that God will stop the people of Israel from worshiping idols any longer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
290	HOS	14	8	v7m9	figs-simile		0	a cypress whose leaves are always green	A cypress is a tree whose leaves stay green all year. This represents Yahweh and his blessings on Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
291	HOS	14	9	sr4g			0	General Information:	Hosea the prophet is speaking.
292	HOS	14	9	rmk6	figs-rquestion		0	Who is wise that he may understand these things? Who understands these things so that he may know them?	The prophet uses these questions to say that wise people will understand and listen to what has been said to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
293	HOS	14	9	y4up	figs-metaphor		0	For the ways of Yahweh are right, and the righteous will walk in them	Yahweh's commandments are spoken of as ways to walk in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
294	HOS	14	9	ilu4	figs-metaphor		0	stumble	Disobeying Yahweh is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])