VGM_vn_tn/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

29 KiB
Raw Blame History

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2TITfrontintrom2jl0# Introduction to Titus<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Titus<br><br>1. Paul instructs Titus to appoint godly leaders (1:1-16)<br>1. Paul instructs Titus to train people to live godly lives (2:1-3:11)<br>1. Paul ends by sharing some of his plans and sending greetings to various believers (3:12-15)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Titus?<br><br>Paul wrote the Book of Titus. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>### What is the Book of Titus about?<br><br>Paul wrote this letter to Titus, his fellow worker, who was leading the churches on the island of Crete. Paul instructed him about selecting church leaders. Paul also described how the believers should behave towards each other. And he encouraged them all to live in a way that pleases God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Titus.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Pauls Letter to Titus” or “A Letter to Titus.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### In what roles can people serve within the church?<br><br>There are some teachings in the Book of Titus about whether a woman or divorced man can serve in positions of leadership within the church. Scholars disagree about the meaning of these teachings. Further study on these issues may be necessary before translating this book.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. Also, the word “you” is almost always singular and refers to Titus. The exception to this is 3:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What is the meaning of “God our Savior?”<br><br>This is a common phrase in this letter. Paul meant to make the readers think about how God forgave them in Christ for sinning against him. And by forgiving them he saved them from being punished when he judges all people. A similar phrase in this letter is “our great God and Savior Jesus Christ.”<br>
3TIT1introc7me0# Titus 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-4. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>In verses 6-9, Paul lists several qualities that a man must have if he is to be an elder in the church. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul gives a similar list in 1 Timothy 3.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Elders<br><br>The church has used different titles for church leaders. Some titles include overseer, elder, pastor, and bishop.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Should, may, must<br>The ULT uses different words that indicate requirements or obligations. These verbs have different levels of force associated with them. The subtle differences may be difficult to translate. The UST translates these verbs in a more general way.<br>
4TIT11rtc9κατὰ πίστιν1for the faith ofto strengthen the faith of
5TIT11fyf8τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν1that agrees with godliness“that is suitable for honoring God”
6TIT12r2gjπρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων1before all the ages of time“before time began”
7TIT13b22hκαιροῖς ἰδίοις1At the right time“At the proper time”
8TIT13swi9figs-metaphorἐφανέρωσεν ... τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ1he revealed his wordPaul speaks of Gods message as if it were an object that could be visibly shown to people. Alternate translation: “He caused me to understand his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9TIT13m41uὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ1he trusted me to deliver“he trusted me to bring” or “he gave me the responsibility to preach”
10TIT13dpn4τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Θεοῦ1God our Savior“God, who saves us”
11TIT14gu55figs-metaphorγνησίῳ τέκνῳ1a true sonThough Titus was not Pauls biological son, they share a common faith in Christ. Thus, in Christ, Paul considers Titus as his own son. Alternate translation: “you are like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12TIT14wx6cκοινὴν πίστιν1our common faithPaul expresses the same faith in Christ that they both share. Alternate translation: “the teachings that we both believe”
13TIT14h93tfigs-ellipsisχάρις καὶ εἰρήνη1Grace and peaceThis was a common greeting Paul used. You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “May you experience kindness and peace within” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
14TIT14s3yrΧριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν1Christ Jesus our Savior“Christ Jesus who is our Savior”
15TIT15ew8hτούτου χάριν1For this purpose“This is the reason”
16TIT15lh9bἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ1I left you in Crete“I told you to stay in Crete”
17TIT15ga62ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ1that you might set in order things not yet complete“so that you would finish arranging things that needed to be done”
18TIT15b52uκαταστήσῃς ... πρεσβυτέρους1ordain elders“appoint elders” or “designate elders”
19TIT15p56wπρεσβυτέρους1eldersIn the early Christian churches, Christian elders gave spiritual leadership to the assemblies of believers.
20TIT16wja40Connecting Statement:Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul gives the requirements for elders.
21TIT16jen8εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος ... ἀνήρ1An elder must be without blame, the husbandTo be “without blame” is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “An elder must not have a bad reputation and must be the husband”
22TIT16q6uyfigs-explicitμιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ1the husband of one wifeThis means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. It may also imply that he does not commit adultery and that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23TIT16wd6qτέκνα ... πιστά1faithful childrenPossible meanings are 1) children who believe in Jesus or 2) children who are trustworthy.
24TIT17lz7xτὸν ἐπίσκοπον1overseerThis is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as “elder” in 1:6.
25TIT17g2zffigs-metaphorΘεοῦ οἰκονόμον1Gods household managerPaul speaks of the church as if it were Gods household and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing the household. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26TIT17d6l1μὴ πάροινον1not addicted to wine“not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine”
27TIT17j1qqμὴ πλήκτην1not a brawler“not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight”
28TIT18i549ἀλλὰ1InsteadPaul is changing his argument from what an elder is not to be to what an elder is to be.
29TIT18vkq1φιλάγαθον1a friend of what is good“a person who loves what is good”
30TIT19xwy6figs-metaphorἀντεχόμενον1hold tightly toPaul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with ones hands. Alternate translation: “be devoted to” or “know well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
31TIT19pzi1τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ1good teachingHe must teach what is true about God and other spiritual matters.
32TIT110xsq90Connecting Statement:Because of those that would oppose Gods word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach Gods word and warns him about false teachers.
33TIT110w9kkἀνυπότακτοι1rebellious peopleThese are rebellious people who oppose Pauls gospel message.
34TIT110ga6nfigs-metaphorματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται1empty talkers and deceiversThis phrase describes the rebellious people mentioned in the previous phrase. Here “empty” is a metaphor for useless, and “empty talkers” are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “people who say useless things and deceive others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
35TIT110pu74figs-metonymyοἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς1those of the circumcisionThis refers to the Christian Jews who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
36TIT111f4iyοὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν1It is necessary to stop them“They must be prevented from spreading their teachings” or “They must be stopped from influencing others by their words”
37TIT111tw4eἃ μὴ δεῖ1what they should not teachThese are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true.
38TIT111at7cαἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν1for shameful profitThis refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable.
39TIT111aqi5ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν1are upsetting whole families“are ruining whole families.” The issue was that they were upsetting families by destroying their faith. This may have caused the members of the families to argue with one another.
40TIT112tr1jτις ἐξ αὐτῶν ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης1One of their own prophets“A prophet from Crete itself” or “A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet”
41TIT112y3zbfigs-hyperboleΚρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται1Cretans are always liars“Cretans lie all the time.” This is an exaggeration that means many Cretans lie a lot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
42TIT112h3jbfigs-metaphorκακὰ θηρία1evil beastsThis metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43TIT113fif8δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως1Therefore, correct them severely“You must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them”
44TIT113je3rἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει1so that they may be sound in the faith“so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true”
45TIT114p28iἸουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις1Jewish mythsThis refers to the false teaching of the Jews.
46TIT114m4a5figs-metaphorἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν1turn away from the truthPaul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “reject the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47TIT115qtb9πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς1To those who are pure, all things are pure“If people are pure on the inside, everything they do will be pure”
48TIT115nx42τοῖς καθαροῖς1To those who are pure“To those who are acceptable to God”
49TIT115n3wkfigs-metaphorτοῖς ... μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν1to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is purePaul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
50TIT116i3l2τοῖς ... ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται1they deny him by their actions“how they live proves that they do not know him”
51TIT116ja47βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες1They are detestable“They are disgusting”
52TIT2introh3il0# Titus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.<br>
53TIT21lfu10Connecting Statement:Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach Gods word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
54TIT21tpi2figs-explicitσὺ δὲ λάλει ἃ πρέπει1But you, speak what fitsPaul implies what is in contrast. Alternate translation: “But you, Titus, in contrast with the false teachers, be sure to say those things that fit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
55TIT21ph2jτῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ1with faithful instruction“with sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
56TIT22xc6tνηφαλίους εἶναι1to be temperate“to be sober-minded” or “to be self-controlled”
57TIT22y3j2εἶναι ... σώφρονας1to be ... sensible“to ... control their desires”
58TIT22m14yfigs-abstractnounsὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει, τῇ ἀγάπῃ, τῇ ὑπομονῇ1sound in faith, in love, and in perseveranceHere the word “sound” means to be firm and unwavering. The abstract nouns “faith,” “love,” and “perseverance” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and they must firmly believe the true teachings about God, truly love others, and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
59TIT23gl8eπρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως ἐν καταστήματι1Teach older women likewise“In the same way, teach older women” or “Also teach older women”
60TIT23v9cpδιαβόλους1slanderersThis word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
61TIT23g9refigs-metaphorοἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας1or being slaves to much wineA person who cannot control themselves and drinks too much wine is spoken of as if the person were a slave to the wine. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and not drinking too much wine” or “and not addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
62TIT25t5v6figs-activepassiveἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται1so that Gods word may not be insulted“Word” here is a metonym for “message,” which in turn is a metonym for God himself. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults Gods word” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63TIT26i3hvὡσαύτως1In the same wayTitus was to train the younger men like he was to train the older people.
64TIT27x73uσεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος1present yourself as“show yourself to be”
65TIT27ym6xτύπον καλῶν ἔργων1an example of good works“an example of one who does right and proper things”
66TIT28xt6vfigs-hypoἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ1so that anyone who opposes you may be ashamedThis presents an imaginary situation where someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that if people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
67TIT29ntp7ἰδίοις δεσπόταις1their masters“their own masters”
68TIT29if6vἐν πᾶσιν1in everything“in every situation” or “always”
69TIT29id15εὐαρέστους εἶναι1please them“make their masters happy” or “satisfy their masters”
70TIT210t87jπᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν1demonstrate all good faith“show that they are worthy of their masters trust”
71TIT210h2n6ἐν πᾶσιν1in every way“in everything they do”
72TIT210f8jyτὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Θεοῦ κοσμῶσιν1they may bring credit to the teaching about God our Savior“they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
73TIT210pn93τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Θεοῦ1God our Savior“our God who saves us”
74TIT211y44u0Connecting Statement:Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
75TIT211gp2zfigs-personificationἐπεφάνη ... ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ1the grace of God has appearedPaul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who goes to other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
76TIT212qy8kfigs-personificationπαιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς1trains usPaul speaks of the grace of God ([Titus 2:11] (./11.md)) as if it were a person who goes to other people and trains them to live holy lives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
77TIT212lxb3παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς, ἵνα ἀρνησάμενοι τὴν ἀσέβειαν1trains us to reject godlessness“teaches us not to dishonor God”
78TIT212n3k5τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας1worldly passions“strong desires for the things of this world” or “strong desires for sinful pleasures”
79TIT212fk8jἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι1in this age“while we live in this world” or “during this time”
80TIT213rz93προσδεχόμενοι1we look forward to receiving“we wait to welcome”
81TIT213pss7figs-metonymyτὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus ChristHere “glory” represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
82TIT214niu4figs-explicitἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν1gave himself for usThis refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
83TIT214gxe7figs-metaphorλυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας1to redeem us from all lawlessnessPaul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
84TIT214fjy1λαὸν περιούσιον1a special peopleA group of people that he treasures.
85TIT214ii18ζηλωτὴν1are eager“have a strong desire”
86TIT215b94zfigs-explicitἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς1give correction with all authorityThis statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
87TIT215h15yμηδείς ... περιφρονείτω1Let no one“Do not allow anyone to”
88TIT215jbu1figs-explicitσου περιφρονείτω1disregard youThis statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “refuse to listen to your words” or “refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
89TIT3introzh6x0# Titus 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.<br><br>Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogies<br><br>Genealogies are lists that record a persons ancestors or descendants. Jews used genealogies to choose the right man to become king. They did this because only a son of a king could normally become king. They also showed from what tribe and family they came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron.<br>
90TIT31y9tr0Connecting Statement:Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
91TIT31j2saὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς ... ὑποτάσσεσθαι1Remind them to submit“Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
92TIT31w3fyἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν1submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them“do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them”
93TIT31wa9xἀρχαῖς ἐξουσίαις1rulers and authoritiesThese words have similar meanings and are used together to include everyone who holds authority in the government.
94TIT31in7uπρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι1be ready for every good work“be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
95TIT32lug7βλασφημεῖν1to revile“to speak evil of”
96TIT33m9zdγάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς1For once we ourselves“This is because we ourselves were once”
97TIT33me7bποτε1once“formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
98TIT33bl8eἡμεῖς1we ourselves“even we” or “we also”
99TIT33rrx9ἦμεν ... ἀνόητοι1were thoughtless“were foolish” or “were unwise”
100TIT33qt8ffigs-personificationπλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις1We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasuresPassion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” or “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
101TIT33tl5nἐπιθυμίαις1passions“lusts” or “desires”
102TIT33dec4figs-hendiadysἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες1We lived in evil and envyHere “evil” and “envy” are similar words for sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
103TIT33y5lpστυγητοί1We were detestable“We caused others to hate us”
104TIT34ba5afigs-personificationὅτε ... ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ1when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appearedPaul speaks of Gods kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
105TIT35n4ugκατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος1by his mercy“because he had mercy on us”
106TIT35k1a6figs-metaphorλουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας1washing of new birthPaul is probably speaking of Gods forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
107TIT36fby9figs-metaphorοὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως1whom God richly poured on usIt is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
108TIT36q9zeδιὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν1through our Savior Jesus Christ“when Jesus saved us”
109TIT37di3gfigs-activepassiveδικαιωθέντες1having been justifiedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
110TIT37q1cmfigs-metaphorκληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου1we might become heirs with the certain hope of eternal lifeThe people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111TIT38j8mdὁ λόγος1This messageThis refers to God giving the believers the Holy Spirit through Jesus in [Titus 3:7](../03/07.md).
112TIT38kqm6φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων προΐστασθαι1may be careful to engage themselves in good works“may seek to do good works”
113TIT39tzh90Connecting Statement:Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
114TIT39j1hfδὲ περιΐστασο1But avoid“So avoid” or “Therefore, avoid”
115TIT39xnf9μωρὰς ζητήσεις1foolish debates“arguments concerning unimportant matters”
116TIT39qk66γενεαλογίας1genealogiesThis is the study of family kinship relationships.
117TIT39xu7fἔρεις1strifearguments or fights
118TIT39ky3nνομικὰς1the law“the law of Moses”
119TIT310x3fhἄνθρωπον ... παραιτοῦ1Reject anyone“Stay away from anyone”
120TIT310xzx1μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν1after one or two warnings“after you have warned that person once or twice”
121TIT311r7pcὁ τοιοῦτος1such a person“a person like that”
122TIT311inh5figs-metaphorἐξέστραπται1has turned from the right wayPaul speaks of someone who makes errors as if he were leaving the path on which he had been walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
123TIT311p81kὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος1condemns himself“brings judgment on himself”
124TIT312z7i40Connecting Statement:Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
125TIT312mba6ὅταν πέμψω1When I send“After I send”
126TIT312c32wtranslate-namesἈρτεμᾶν ... Τυχικόν1Artemas ... TychicusThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
127TIT312knt1σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν1hurry and come“come quickly”
128TIT312gdw9παραχειμάσαι1spend the winter“stay for the winter”
129TIT313a46ftranslate-namesΖηνᾶν1ZenasThis is a mans name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
130TIT313j496σπουδαίως πρόπεμψο1Do everything you can to send“Do not delay in sending”
131TIT313s757καὶ Ἀπολλῶν1and Apollos“and also send Apollos”
132TIT314v7wg0Connecting Statement:Paul explains why it is important to provide for Zenas and Apollos.
133TIT314fw98οἱ ἡμέτεροι1Our peoplePaul is referring to the believers in Crete.
134TIT314tn24εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας1that provide for urgent needs“that enable them to help people who need important things immediately”
135TIT314mji4figs-doublenegativesεἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας, ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι1needs, and so not be unfruitfulPaul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. This double negative means they should be fruitful or productive. Alternate translation: “needs; in this way they will be fruitful” or “needs, and so they will do good works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
136TIT315j3y20General Information:Paul ends his letter to Titus.
137TIT315k1saοἱ μετ’ πάντες1All those“All the people”
138TIT315f4vcτοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει1those who love us in faithPossible meanings are 1) “the believers who love us” or 2) “the believers who love us because we share the same belief.”
139TIT315kx83ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν1Grace be with all of youThis was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May Gods grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”