VGM_vn_tn/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv

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2MIC11bv15figs-parallelism0General Information:God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3MIC11ar460YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
4MIC11c9rjtranslate-names0the MorashtiteThis means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5MIC11ts920in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judahwhen Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah
6MIC11d1fd0which he sawwhich he heard in a vision
7MIC12ya6p0General Information:Micah 1:2-7 is about God's judgment on Samaria.
8MIC12x9l2figs-apostrophe0Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in youThis begins Micah's prophecy. Micah speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
9MIC13i37kfigs-metaphor0he will come down and tread on the high places of the earthMicah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10MIC13gq790he will ... treadhe will ... march
11MIC13c6u60the high places of the earththe high mountains
12MIC15a7g10All this isThe Lord will come and judge
13MIC17nci40she receivedpeople gave her
14MIC17syr2figs-metaphor0Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes, they will become the wages of prostitutes againYahweh speaks of the people giving gifts to idols as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15MIC18y14v0General Information:Micah 1:8-16 is about God's judgment on Judah.
16MIC18ly5n0nakedprobably wearing only a loincloth
17MIC18y5zcfigs-simile0like the jackals ... like owlsJackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18MIC111fc7v0General Information:The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah here. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote.
19MIC115wh3utranslate-names0AdullamThis is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
20MIC2introjy290# Micah 02 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>#### Context<br>Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br>
21MIC21c11k0General Information:Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands.
22MIC23e8pn0disasterSee how you translated this in [Micah 1:12](../01/12.md).
23MIC24t7xt0sing a song about yousing a song to make fun of you
24MIC24frk2figs-irony0We Israelites ... to traitorsThis is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
25MIC25rnf90Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of YahwehPossible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals.
26MIC26eli90General Information:Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power.
27MIC26a888figs-you0Do not prophesyThe speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
28MIC26iph50they saythe people of Israel say
29MIC26nl1s0They must not prophesyThe prophets must not prophesy
30MIC28nby20my peopleThis refers to either 1) Micah's people or 2) Yahweh's people.
31MIC28h252figs-metaphor0You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectinglyPossible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
32MIC29h3sh0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.
33MIC29vit80you take my blessing from their young children foreverThis refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.
34MIC29sez80my blessingMicah speaks as if he were Yahweh.
35MIC212xls80General Information:Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria.
36MIC213wz2q0Someone who breaks open their way ... Yahweh will be at their head.This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city.
37MIC3introwy5w0# Micah 03 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br>#### Justice<br>An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>#### Metaphors<br>There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
38MIC31lg8w0General Information:Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel.
39MIC32e3yk0Connecting Statement:Micah begins to compare the leaders of Israel to butchers.
40MIC32y42gfigs-metaphor0you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bonesA butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41MIC33vja60Connecting Statement:Micah finishes comparing the leaders of Israel to butchers.
42MIC33vs7qfigs-metaphor0just like meat in a cauldronA butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43MIC34x8430General Information:Micah continues speaking.
44MIC34pu9j0cry out to Yahwehshout to Yahweh for help
45MIC34uuv70he will not answer youhe will not do what you ask him to do
46MIC35q1tf0General Information:Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets.
47MIC36v4xhfigs-metaphor0it will be night for you ... the day will be dark on themDarkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
48MIC36r42r0no vision for youyou will no longer see visions
49MIC37s6nk0there is no answer from meI will be silent
50MIC39ujn20deteststrongly dislike
51MIC312k2is0a plowed fielda field that a farmer has plowed
52MIC312m86y0a thicketa place where many small woody plants grow
53MIC4intropzv80# Micah 04 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Remanant<br>Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])<br>
54MIC41rn5hfigs-metaphor0the mountain ... other mountainsYahweh making the temple mount higher than all other mountains and hills is a metaphor for making his temple the most important place on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55MIC41pbd30over the other mountainsMount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will become the highest in the world, and not only in the region where it is located.
56MIC42tm7vfigs-you0ComeThis is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
57MIC43b5yy0plowsharesa blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds
58MIC43l4ud0pruning hooksa metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants
59MIC43vin50will not lift up swordwill not threaten to start a war
60MIC46c9uufigs-synecdoche0the lameThis refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
61MIC46ri250gather the outcastgather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem
62MIC48y9gnfigs-metaphor0watchtower for the flockThe people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
63MIC410qn9lfigs-simile0Be in pain ... like a woman in laborMicah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
64MIC411b5e10General Information:Jerusalem will defeat her enemies.
65MIC412j472figs-simile0for he has gathered them like bundles of grain prepared for the threshing floorThe writer speaks of Yahweh being ready to destroy the nations as if Yahweh were a farmer who has put his bundles of grain on his threshing floor and is now ready to thresh them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
66MIC413bj1p0General Information:Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor ([Micah 4:12](../04/12.md)).
67MIC413m3ukfigs-metaphor0Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronzeYahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
68MIC51hz1yfigs-irony0the judge of IsraelThis irony describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
69MIC52e2u4figs-apostrophe0But you, Bethlehem EphrathahYahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])
70MIC52q7k40even though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you one will comeeven though other clans in Judah have more people in them, it is one of your people who will come
71MIC53xd410will give them upwill abandon the people of Israel
72MIC53nu1x0until the time when she who is in labor bears a childThis refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time.
73MIC54w1e90General Information:These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem.
74MIC54kkz10They will remainthe people of Israel will remain
75MIC54yry50remainlive in safety
76MIC54jkd70he will be great to the ends of the earthAll people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler.
77MIC56cj7q0He will rescueThe ruler will rescue
78MIC57rd4sfigs-simile0like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grassDew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
79MIC58ty4b0General Information:Yahweh promises that the Israelites who are alive after Yahweh has punished his people with war will completely defeat and rule over their enemies.
80MIC58pc960remnant of Jacobdescendants of Jacob who survive the war
81MIC58fsg40When he goes through themwhen the young lion goes through the flocks of sheep
82MIC58l3ju0will trample over them and tearwill jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear
83MIC510yvv1figs-explicit0I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariotsThe people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
84MIC510t7ygfigs-you0your horses ... among you ... your chariotsYahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
85MIC511p7xvfigs-you0your land ... your strongholdsYahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
86MIC512j7fb0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
87MIC512b4vffigs-you0your hand ... you willYahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
88MIC513udr6figs-you0your carved ... your stone ... among you. You will ... your handsYahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
89MIC514dd8mfigs-you0your Asherah ... among you ... your citiesYahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
90MIC6introk2350# Micah 06 General Notes<br>### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])<br><br>### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>#### Names in Lawsuit<br>Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel.<br>Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
91MIC61zxw4figs-personification0Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voiceYahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
92MIC62pbw6figs-personification0you mountains ... you enduring foundations of the earthMicah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people's idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
93MIC63if480General Information:This continues Yahweh's lawsuit against the people of Israel ([Micah 6:1-2](./01.md)).
94MIC65mpf3translate-names0BeorThis is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
95MIC65rmf60ShittimThis is the name of a place in Moab.
96MIC68y8pq0He has told youYahweh has told you
97MIC610s6dk0false measuresincorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade
98MIC611h4pk0deceptive weightsweights with which sellers deceive buyers
99MIC616i4a30General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.
100MIC616tc63translate-names0Omri ... AhabBoth of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
101MIC616q68q0you will bear the reproach of my peopleyou will suffer because my people will reproach you
102MIC7introkf610# Micah 07 General Notes<br>### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>#### Last days<br>This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])<br><br>#### Prophet<br>The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])<br>
103MIC71jz29figs-metaphor0no grape cluster ... no ripe early figMicah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104MIC73ew8e0General Information:Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel.
105MIC74nz3ffigs-simile0The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedgeBriers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
106MIC74kin30the most uprightthose of them who try hardest to do what is good
107MIC75h2bv0General Information:Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel.
108MIC75cvb40Do not trust any neighborMicah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
109MIC76y6bb0people of his own houseMicah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.
110MIC78yb44figs-metaphor0fall ... riseThese words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111MIC78ln69figs-metaphor0sit in darknessThese words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
112MIC79v4zl0until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for meYahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel.
113MIC79sc180executes judgment for mebrings about justice for me
114MIC79p8ytfigs-metaphor0He will bring me to the lightBringing Micah from darkness ([Micah 7:8](../07/08.md)) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
115MIC79t4wh0rescue me in his justicebring justice to me and rescue me
116MIC710j5qhfigs-simile0like the mud in the streetsPeople who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
117MIC711x4rgfigs-you0General Information:Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
118MIC714cu5wfigs-metaphor0They live alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pasturelandMicah speaks of his people as if they were wild animals hiding in bushes instead of livestock grazing in fields with much grass to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
119MIC714l8a30a thicketa place where many small woody plants grow
120MIC714brz20Bashan and GileadThese regions are known as rich land for growing food.
121MIC714whi8figs-explicit0as in the old daysBashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
122MIC715e3z50As in the days ... them wondersYahweh speaks to the people.
123MIC716mzy2translate-symaction0They will put their hands on their mouthsThey do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
124MIC716n9vhfigs-idiom0their ears will be deafThis is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
125MIC717e21sfigs-hyperbole0They will lick the dust like a snakeSnakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
126MIC718kr7v0the remnant of his inheritancethose of his chosen people who have survived his punishment
127MIC718ups50passes overignores
128MIC718mcd30does not keep his angerdoes not stay angry