VGM_vn_tn/en_tn_62-2PE.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2PE	front	intro	mvk9			0		# Introduction to 2 Peter<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 2 Peter<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Reminder to live good lives because God has enabled us to (1:3-21)<br>1. Warning against false teachers (2:1-22)<br>1. Encouragement to prepare for the second coming of Jesus (3:1-17)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 2 Peter?<br><br>The author identified himself as Simon Peter. Simon Peter was an apostle. He also wrote 1 Peter. Peter probably wrote this letter while in a prison in Rome just before he died. Peter called this letter his second letter, so we can date it after 1 Peter. He addressed the letter to the same audience as his first letter. The audience probably was Christians scattered throughout Asia Minor.<br><br>### What is the Book of 2 Peter about?<br><br>Peter wrote this letter to encourage believers to live good lives. He warned them about false teachers who were saying Jesus was taking too long to return. He told them that Jesus was not slow in returning. Instead, God was giving people time to repent so that they would be saved.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Peter” or “Second Peter.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Second Letter from Peter” or “The Second Letter Peter Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Peter spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Peter spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.<br><br>### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?<br><br>The doctrine of scripture is a very important one. 2 Peter helps readers to understand that while each writer of scripture had his own distinct way of writing, God is the true author of scripture (1:20-21).<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Peter. Also, the word “you” is always plural and refers to Peter’s audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 2 Peter?<br><br>For the following verses, some modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible exists in the general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* “to be kept in chains of lower darkness until the judgment” (2:4). Some modern versions and older versions have, “to be kept in pits of lower darkness until the judgment.”<br>* “They enjoy their deceitful actions while they are feasting with you” (2:13). Some versions have, “They enjoy their actions while they are feasting with you in love feasts.”<br>* “Beor” (2:15). Some other versions read, “Bosor.”<br>* “The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed” (3:10). Other versions have, “The elements will be burned with fire, and the earth and the deeds in it will be burned up.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
2PE	1	intro	wjw5			0		# 2 Peter 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Peter formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Knowledge of God<br>Having knowledge of God means to belong to him or to have a relationship with him. Here, “knowledge” is more than just mentally knowing about God. It is a knowledge that causes God to save a person and to give him grace and peace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/know]])<br><br>### Living godly lives<br>Peter teaches that God has given believers all that they need for living godly lives. Therefore, believers should do everything they can to obey God more and more. If believers continue to do this, then they will be effective and productive through their relationship with Jesus. However, if believers do not continue living godly lives, then it is like they have forgotten what God did through Christ to save them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### The truth of Scripture<br>Peter teaches that the prophecies in Scripture were not made up by men. The Holy Spirit revealed God’s message to the men who spoke them or wrote them down. Also, Peter and the other apostles did not make up the stories they told people about Jesus. They witnessed what Jesus did and heard God call Jesus his son.
2PE	1	1	n1di			0	General Information:	Peter identifies himself as the writer and identifies and greets the believers he is writing to.
2PE	1	1	v381		δοῦλος καὶ ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	slave and apostle of Jesus Christ	Peter speaks of being Jesus Christ’s servant. He also was given the position and authority of being Christ’s apostle.
2PE	1	1	yy7j	figs-explicit	τοῖς ἰσότιμον…λαχοῦσιν πίστιν	1	to those who have received the same precious faith	That these people have received faith implies that God has given that faith to them. Alternate translation: “to those to whom God has given the same precious faith” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	1	1	mbg7		τοῖς…λαχοῦσιν	1	to those who have received	“to you who have received.” Peter addresses all believers who may read this letter.
2PE	1	1	y157	figs-exclusive	ἡμῖν	1	we have received	Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to those to whom he is writing. Alternate translation: “we apostles have received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE	1	2	y7l9	figs-explicit	χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη	1	May grace and peace increase in measure	God is the one who will give grace and peace to believers. Alternate translation: “May God increase your grace and your peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	1	2	n59n	figs-metaphor	χάρις…καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη	1	May grace and peace increase	Peter speaks of peace as if it were an object that could increase in size or numbers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	1	2	vq19	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord	You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	1	3	ywj9			0	General Information:	Peter begins to teach the believers about living godly lives.
2PE	1	3	epx9	figs-hendiadys	πρὸς ζωὴν καὶ εὐσέβειαν	1	for life and godliness	Here “godliness” describes the word “life.” Alternate translation: “for a godly life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2PE	1	3	an3z	figs-inclusive	τοῦ καλέσαντος ἡμᾶς	1	who called us	Here the word “us” refers to Peter and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2PE	1	4	m91m		δι’ ὧν	1	Through these	Here “these” refers to “his own glory and virtue.”
2PE	1	4	f42f		γένησθε…κοινωνοὶ	1	you might be sharers	“you might share”
2PE	1	4	yk7g		θείας…φύσεως	1	the divine nature	what God is like
2PE	1	4	p2yj	figs-metaphor	ἀποφυγόντες τῆς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορᾶς	1	having escaped the corruption in the world that is caused by evil desires	Peter speaks of people not suffering from the corruption that wicked desires cause as if they were escaping from that corruption. The word “corruption” is an abstract noun that can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “and so that the wicked desires in this world will no longer corrupt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	1	5	exd9	figs-explicit	αὐτὸ τοῦτο	1	For this reason	This refers to what Peter has just said in the previous verses. Alternate translation: “Because of what God has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	1	7	a8ti		τὴν φιλαδελφίαν	1	brotherly affection	This refers to love for a friend or family member and likely means love for ones spiritual family.
2PE	1	8	jz77		ταῦτα	1	these things	This refers to faith, virtue, knowledge, self-control, endurance, godliness, brotherly affection, and love, which Peter mentioned in the previous verses.
2PE	1	8	l7yj	figs-metaphor	οὐκ ἀργοὺς οὐδὲ ἀκάρπους καθίστησιν	1	you will not be barren or unfruitful	Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he is a field that will not produce a crop. This can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “you will produce and be fruitful” or “you will be effective” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2PE	1	8	f9qm	figs-doublet	ἀργοὺς οὐδὲ ἀκάρπους	1	barren or unfruitful	These words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that this person will not be productive or experience any benefits from knowing Jesus. Alternate translation: “unproductive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE	1	8	ppd8	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐπίγνωσιν	1	in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ	You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “through your knowing God and Jesus our Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	1	9	gg2c		ᾧ…μὴ πάρεστιν ταῦτα	1	whoever lacks these things	any person who does not have these things
2PE	1	9	h6fn	figs-metaphor	τυφλός ἐστιν μυωπάζων	1	is so nearsighted that he is blind	Peter speaks of a person who does not possess these qualities as if he were a nearsighted or blind person because he does not understand their value. Alternate translation: “is like a shortsighted person who cannot see their importance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	1	9	gq4d	figs-abstractnouns	τοῦ καθαρισμοῦ τῶν πάλαι αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν	1	he has been cleansed from his past sins	You can use a verb to translate this. Alternate translation: “that God has cleansed him from his old sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	1	10	raa1	figs-doublet	βεβαίαν ὑμῶν τὴν κλῆσιν καὶ ἐκλογὴν ποιεῖσθαι	1	make your calling and election sure	The words “calling” and “election” share similar meanings and refer to God’s choosing them to belong to him. Alternate translation: “make sure that God has really chosen you to belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE	1	10	jcv9	figs-metaphor	οὐ μὴ πταίσητέ	1	you will not stumble	Here the word “stumble” refers either to (1) committing sin. Alternate translation: “you will not practice sinful behavior” or (2) becoming unfaithful to Christ. Alternate translation: “you will not become unfaithful to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	1	11	f45v	figs-activepassive	πλουσίως ἐπιχορηγηθήσεται ὑμῖν ἡ εἴσοδος εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον βασιλείαν	1	there will be richly provided for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will richly provide for you an entrance into the eternal kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	1	11	k1e4		ἡ εἴσοδος	1	an entrance	the opportunity to enter
2PE	1	12	du69			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter tells the believers about his obligation to continue reminding them and teaching them.
2PE	1	12	l2kh		ἐστηριγμένους ἐν τῇ…ἀληθείᾳ	1	you are strong in the truth	“you strongly believe the truth of these things”
2PE	1	13	vmj2	figs-metaphor	διεγείρειν ὑμᾶς ἐν ὑπομνήσει	1	to stir you up by way of reminder	Here the word “stir” means to awaken someone from sleep. Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to remind you of these things so that you will think about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	1	13	ax2a	figs-metaphor	ἐφ’ ὅσον εἰμὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ σκηνώματι	1	as long as I am in this tent	Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “as long as I am in this body” or “as long as I am alive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE	1	14	j8f5	figs-metaphor	ταχινή ἐστιν ἡ ἀπόθεσις τοῦ σκηνώματός μου	1	the putting off of my tent will be soon	Peter speaks of his body as if it were a tent that he is wearing and will take off. Being in his body represents being alive, and taking it off represents dying. Alternate translation: “I will soon take off this body” or “I will die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE	1	15	c2iw		ἑκάστοτε, ἔχειν ὑμᾶς…τὴν τούτων μνήμην ποιεῖσθαι	1	you may be always able to remember these things	Here the words “these things” refers to everything that Peter has said in the previous verses.
2PE	1	15	alg8	figs-metaphor	μετὰ τὴν ἐμὴν ἔξοδον	1	after my departure	Peter speaks of his death as if he were leaving one place to go to another. Alternate translation: “after my death” or “after I die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE	1	16	k3rm			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter continues to explain his teachings to the believers and explains why they are trustworthy.
2PE	1	16	vc99	figs-exclusive	οὐ γὰρ σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις ἐξακολουθήσαντες	1	For we did not follow cleverly invented myths	Here the word “we” refers to Peter and the other apostles, but not to his readers. Alternate translation: “For we apostles did not follow cleverly made-up stories” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE	1	16	jwy8	figs-hendiadys	τὴν…δύναμιν καὶ παρουσίαν	1	the power and the coming	These two phrases may refer to the same thing and be translated as a single phrase. Alternate translation: “the powerful coming” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2PE	1	16	zs6v		τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ…παρουσίαν	1	the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ	Possible meanings are (1) the future second coming of the Lord Jesus or (2) the first coming of the Lord Jesus.
2PE	1	16	v4kd	figs-inclusive	τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	our Lord Jesus Christ	Here the word “our” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2PE	1	17	m33h	figs-activepassive	φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης αὐτῷ…ὑπὸ τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης	1	when a voice was brought to him by the Majestic Glory	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when he heard a voice come from the Majestic Glory” or “when he heard the voice of the Majestic Glory speak to him” or “when the Majestic Glory spoke to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	1	17	yd8g	figs-metonymy	τῆς Μεγαλοπρεποῦς Δόξης	1	the Majestic Glory saying	Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God’s name, out of reverence for him. Alternate translation: “God, the Supreme Glory, saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE	1	18	ezn2	figs-exclusive	ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν ἡμεῖς ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐνεχθεῖσαν	1	We ourselves heard this voice brought from heaven	With the word “We,” Peter is referring to himself and to the disciples James and John, who heard the voice of God. Alternate translation: “We ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2PE	1	18	chy4		ταύτην τὴν φωνὴν…ἠκούσαμεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐνεχθεῖσαν	1	heard this voice brought from heaven	“heard the voice of the one who spoke from heaven”
2PE	1	18	mlm9		σὺν αὐτῷ, ὄντες	1	we were with him	“we were with Jesus”
2PE	1	19	km3l			0	General Information:	Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
2PE	1	19	h498	figs-explicit	καὶ ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον	1	For we have this prophetic word made more sure	The things that Peter and the other apostles saw, which he described in the previous verses, confirm what the prophets spoke. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For the things that we saw make this prophetic message more sure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	1	19	z3na	figs-inclusive	καὶ ἔχομεν	1	For we have	Here the word “we” refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2PE	1	19	l7zq	figs-explicit	βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον	1	this prophetic word made	This refers to the Old Testament. Alternate translation: “the scriptures, which the prophets spoke, made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	1	19	sjd3		ᾧ καλῶς ποιεῖτε προσέχοντες	1	you do well to pay attention to it	Peter instructs the believers to pay close attention to the prophetic message.
2PE	1	19	xt8i	figs-simile	ὡς λύχνῳ φαίνοντι ἐν αὐχμηρῷ τόπῳ, ἕως οὗ ἡμέρα διαυγάσῃ	1	as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns	Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until light comes in the morning. The coming of morning is a reference to Christ’s coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2PE	1	19	kc3l	figs-metaphor	φωσφόρος ἀνατείλῃ ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν	1	the morning star rises in your hearts	Peter speaks of Christ as the “morning star,” which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. Here “hearts” is a metonym for people’s minds. Alternate translation: “Christ shines his light into your hearts like the morning star shines its light into the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	1	19	bl8s		φωσφόρος	1	the morning star	The “morning star” refers to the planet Venus, which sometimes rises just before the sun and indicates that daybreak is near.
2PE	1	20	wcn9		τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες	1	Above all, you must understand	“Most importantly, you must understand”
2PE	1	20	s4k2		προφητεία…ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται	1	no prophecy comes from someone’s own interpretation	Possible meanings are (1) the prophets did not make their prophecies on their own or (2) people must rely on the Holy Spirit to understand the prophecies or (3) people must interpret the prophecies with the help of the entire Christian community of believers.
2PE	1	21	mh2s	figs-metaphor	ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι, ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι	1	men spoke from God when they were carried along by the Holy Spirit	Peter speaks of the Holy Spirit helping the prophets to write what God wanted them to write as if the Holy Spirit was carrying them from one place to another. Alternate translation: “men spoke from God as the Holy Spirit directed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	intro	mv79			0		# 2 Peter 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Flesh<br><br>“Flesh” is a metaphor for a person’s sinful nature. It is not the physical part of man that is sinful. “Flesh” represents the human nature that rejects all things godly and desires what is sinful. This is the condition of all humans before they receive the Holy Spirit by believing in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]])<br><br>### Implicit information<br>There are several analogies in 2:4-8 that are difficult to understand if the Old Testament has not yet been translated. Further explanation may be necessary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	2	1	us8u			0	General Information:	Peter begins to warn the believers about false teachers.
2PE	2	1	l2cg		ἐγένοντο…ψευδοπροφῆται ἐν τῷ λαῷ…καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ἔσονται ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι	1	False prophets came to the people, and false teachers will also come to you	Just as false prophets came deceiving Israel with their words, so will false teachers come teaching lies about Christ.
2PE	2	1	tbz8		αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας	1	destructive heresies	The word “heresies” refers to opinions that are contrary to the teaching of Christ and the apostles. These heresies destroy the faith of those who believe them.
2PE	2	1	g99z	figs-metaphor	τὸν ἀγοράσαντα αὐτοὺς Δεσπότην	1	the master who bought them	The word “master” here refers to a person who owns slaves. Peter speaks of Jesus as the owner of people whom he has bought, the price being his death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	2	2	z53e		ταῖς ἀσελγείαις	1	sensuality	immoral sexual behavior
2PE	2	2	nzx7	figs-activepassive	ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας βλασφημηθήσεται	1	the way of truth will be blasphemed	The phrase “way of truth” refers to the Christian faith as the true path to God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “unbelievers will blaspheme the way of truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	2	3	dl1k		πλαστοῖς λόγοις ὑμᾶς ἐμπορεύσονται	1	exploit you with deceptive words	“convince you to give them money by telling you lies”
2PE	2	3	k359	figs-personification	οἷς τὸ κρίμα…οὐκ ἀργεῖ, καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια αὐτῶν οὐ νυστάζει	1	their condemnation has not been idle, and their destruction is not asleep	Peter speaks of “condemnation” and “destruction” as if they are persons who act. The two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how soon the false teachers will be condemned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2PE	2	3	c57u	figs-doublenegatives	οἷς τὸ κρίμα…οὐκ ἀργεῖ, καὶ ἡ ἀπώλεια αὐτῶν οὐ νυστάζει	1	their condemnation has not been idle, and their destruction is not asleep	You can translate these phrases with verbs in positive terms. Alternate translation: “God will soon condemn them; he is ready to destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	2	4	s115			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter gives examples of people who acted against God and whom God punished because of what they did.
2PE	2	4	pr13		οὐκ ἐφείσατο	1	did not spare	“did not refrain from punishing” or “punished”
2PE	2	4	b54v	translate-names	ταρταρώσας	1	he handed them down to Tartarus	The word “Tartarus” is a term from Greek religion that refers to the place where evil spirits and wicked men who have died are punished. Alternate translation: “he cast them into hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2PE	2	4	h7uj	figs-activepassive	σειροῖς ζόφου…τηρουμένους	1	to be kept in chains of lower darkness	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he will keep them in chains of lower darkness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	2	4	uzy2	figs-metaphor	σειροῖς ζόφου	1	in chains of lower darkness	Possible meanings are (1) “in chains in a very dark place” or (2) “in very deep darkness that imprisons them like chains.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	4	c2ak		εἰς κρίσιν	1	until the judgment	This refers to the day of judgment when God will judge every person.
2PE	2	5	hpv7	figs-metonymy	ἀρχαίου κόσμου οὐκ ἐφείσατο	1	he did not spare the ancient world	Here the word “world” refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate translation: “he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	2	5	iw5v		ὄγδοον, Νῶε…ἐφύλαξεν	1	he preserved Noah…along with seven others	God did not destroy Noah and seven other people when he destroyed the rest of the people who lived in the ancient world.
2PE	2	6	gp3e		πόλεις Σοδόμων καὶ Γομόρρας τεφρώσας	1	reduced the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes	“burned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah with fire until only ashes remained”
2PE	2	6	reg3		καταστροφῇ κατέκρινεν	1	condemned them to destruction	Here the word “them” refers to Sodom and Gomorrah and the people who lived in them.
2PE	2	6	hgt7		ὑπόδειγμα μελλόντων ἀσεβέσιν	1	as an example of what is to happen to the ungodly	Sodom and Gomorrah serve as an example and a warning of what will happen to others who disobey God.
2PE	2	7	fm1p			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter gives an example of Lot, whom God rescued out from among men who deserved punishment.
2PE	2	7	k79d		τῆς τῶν ἀθέσμων ἐν ἀσελγείᾳ ἀναστροφῆς	1	the sensual behavior of lawless people	“the immoral behavior of people who broke God’s law”
2PE	2	8	b1ba		ὁ δίκαιος	1	that righteous man	This refers to Lot.
2PE	2	8	hpi4	figs-synecdoche	ψυχὴν δικαίαν…ἐβασάνιζεν	1	was tormented in his righteous soul	Here the word “soul” refers to Lot’s thoughts and emotions. The immoral behavior of the citizens of Sodom and Gomorrah disturbed him emotionally. Alternate translation: “was greatly disturbed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2PE	2	10	skh8			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter begins describing the characteristics of unrighteous men.
2PE	2	10	c9e5		μάλιστα	1	This is especially true	The word “this” refers to God keeping unrighteous men in prison until judgment day in [2 Peter 2:9](../02/09.md).
2PE	2	10	eb1k		τοὺς…σαρκὸς ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ μιασμοῦ πορευομένους	1	those who continue in the corrupt desires of the flesh	Here the phrase “desires of the flesh” refers to the desires of the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “those who continue to indulge their corrupt, sinful desires”
2PE	2	10	axr4		κυριότητος καταφρονοῦντας	1	despise authority	“refuse to submit to God’s authority.” Here the word “authority” probably refers to God’s authority.
2PE	2	10	n7n8	figs-metonymy	κυριότητος	1	authority	Here “authority” stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	2	10	esb2		αὐθάδεις	1	self-willed	“do whatever they want to do”
2PE	2	10	s7l1		δόξας	1	the glorious ones	This phrase refers to spiritual beings, such as angels or demons.
2PE	2	11	u2jk		ἰσχύϊ καὶ δυνάμει μείζονες	1	greater strength and power	“more strength and power than the false teachers”
2PE	2	11	v1qt		οὐ φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν	1	they do not bring insulting judgments against them	The word “they” refers to angels. Possible meanings for the word “them” are (1) the glorious ones or (2) the false teachers.
2PE	2	11	zi6p	figs-metaphor	φέρουσιν κατ’ αὐτῶν…βλάσφημον κρίσιν	1	bring insulting judgments against them	The idea that angels could accuse them is spoken of as if they could attack them using accusations as weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	12	y4bl	figs-metaphor	οὗτοι…ὡς ἄλογα ζῷα, γεγεννημένα φυσικὰ εἰς ἅλωσιν καὶ φθοράν	1	these unreasoning animals are naturally made for capture and destruction.	Just as animals cannot reason, these men cannot be reasoned with. Alternate translation: “these false teachers are like unreasoning animals who are made to be captured and destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	12	ipd4		ἐν οἷς ἀγνοοῦσιν βλασφημοῦντες	1	They do not know what they insult	They speak evil of what they do not know or understand.
2PE	2	12	jw8d	figs-activepassive	φθαρήσονται	1	They will be destroyed	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	2	13	p7g7	figs-irony	ἀδικούμενοι μισθὸν ἀδικίας	1	They will receive the reward of their wrongdoing	Peter speaks of the punishment that the false teachers will receive as if it were a reward. Alternate translation: “They will receive what they deserve for their wrongdoing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2PE	2	13	e62s		τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν	1	luxury during the day	Here the word “luxury” refers to immoral activity that includes gluttony, drunkenness, and sexual activity. Doing these things during the day indicates that these people are not ashamed of this behavior.
2PE	2	13	u1rc	figs-metaphor	σπίλοι καὶ μῶμοι	1	They are stains and blemishes	The words “stains” and “blemishes” share similar meanings. Peter speaks of the false teachers as if they were stains on a garment that cause shame for those who wear it. Alternate translation: “They are like stains and blemishes on clothes, which cause disgrace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE	2	14	v7t4	figs-metonymy	ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχοντες μεστοὺς μοιχαλίδος	1	They have eyes full of adultery	Here the “eyes” represent their desires and “eyes full” means they constant want something. Alternate translation: “They constantly want to commit adultery” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	2	14	a22r		ἀκαταπαύστους ἁμαρτίας	1	they are never satisfied with sin	Although they sin in order to satisfy their lusts, the sin that they commit never satisfies.
2PE	2	14	wt89	figs-synecdoche	δελεάζοντες ψυχὰς ἀστηρίκτους	1	They entice unstable souls	Here the word “souls” refers to persons. Alternate translation: “They entice unstable people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2PE	2	14	c55u	figs-metonymy	καρδίαν γεγυμνασμένην πλεονεξίας	1	hearts trained in covetousness	Here the word “hearts” refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	2	15	et62		καταλειπόντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν, ἐπλανήθησαν ἐξακολουθήσαντες	1	They have abandoned the right way and have wandered off to follow	“These false teachers have abandoned the right way and have gone astray to follow.” The false teachers have refused to be obedient to God because they have rejected what is right.
2PE	2	15	ky5q	figs-metaphor	εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν	1	the right way	Right behavior that honors God is spoken of as if it were a path to follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	16	z37w	figs-abstractnouns	ἔλεγξιν…ἔσχεν	1	he obtained a rebuke	You can specify it was God who rebuked Balaam. Alternate translation: “God rebuked him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	2	16	g9dr		ὑποζύγιον ἄφωνον ἐν ἀνθρώπου φωνῇ φθεγξάμενον	1	a mute donkey speaking in a human voice	A donkey, which is naturally unable to speak, spoke with a voice like a human.
2PE	2	16	tf38	figs-metonymy	ἐκώλυσεν τὴν τοῦ προφήτου παραφρονίαν	1	stopped the prophet’s insanity	God used a donkey to stop the prophet’s foolish action. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	2	17	t137	figs-metaphor	οὗτοί εἰσιν πηγαὶ ἄνυδροι	1	These men are springs without water	Springs flowing with water promise refreshment for thirsty people, but “springs without water” will leave the thirsty disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	17	hzu1	figs-metaphor	ὁμίχλαι ὑπὸ λαίλαπος ἐλαυνόμεναι	1	mists driven by a storm	When people see storm clouds, they expect rain to fall. When the winds from the storm blow the clouds away before the rain can fall, the people are disappointed. In the same way, false teachers, although they promise many things, are unable to do what they promise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	17	xe3y	figs-activepassive	οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους τετήρηται	1	The gloom of thick darkness is reserved for them	The word “them” refers to the false teachers. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the gloom of thick darkness for them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	2	18	cxt8		ὑπέρογκα…ματαιότητος φθεγγόμενοι	1	They speak with vain arrogance	They use impressive but meaningless words.
2PE	2	18	f8tg		δελεάζουσιν ἐν ἐπιθυμίαις σαρκὸς ἀσελγείαις	1	They entice people through the lusts of the flesh	They appeal to the sinful nature to engage people in immoral and sinful actions.
2PE	2	18	nks3	figs-explicit	τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας τοὺς ἐν πλάνῃ ἀναστρεφομένους	1	people who try to escape from those who live in error	This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase “those who live in error” refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. Alternate translation: “people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	2	18	jec8	figs-metaphor	τοὺς ὀλίγως ἀποφεύγοντας	1	people who try to escape	Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	19	uyw6	figs-metaphor	ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς	1	They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption	“Freedom” here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. Alternate translation: “They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	19	v5tt	figs-metaphor	ἐλευθερίαν…ἐπαγγελλόμενοι…δοῦλοι…τῆς φθορᾶς	1	promise freedom…slaves of corruption	Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need to be released from their captivity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	19	b79v	figs-metaphor	ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ δεδούλωται	1	For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him	Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. Alternate translation: “For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	20	d6ra			0	Connecting Statement:	The words “they” and “them” refer to the false teachers Peter speaks of in verses 12-19.
2PE	2	20	q96i		εἰ…ἀποφυγόντες…δὲ πάλιν ἐμπλακέντες ἡττῶνται, γέγονεν…τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων	1	If they have escaped…and are again entangled…and overcome, the last state has become worse…than the first	This sentence is a description of a conditional statement that is true. The false teachers had at one time “escaped,” but if they are again entangled…and overcome,” then “the last state has become worse…than the first.”
2PE	2	20	lu22	figs-metonymy	τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κόσμου	1	the corruption of the world	The word “defilements” refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The “world” refers to human society. Alternate translation: “the defiling practices of sinful human society” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	2	20	bi73	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου…καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	through the knowledge of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ	You can translate “knowledge” using a verbal phrase. See how you translated similar phrases in [2 Peter 1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “by knowing the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	2	20	d42g		γέγονεν αὐτοῖς τὰ ἔσχατα χείρονα τῶν πρώτων	1	the last state has become worse for them than the first	“their condition is worse than it was before”
2PE	2	21	pm7b	figs-metaphor	τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης	1	the way of righteousness	Peter speaks of life as a “way” or path. This phrase refers to living a life that is according to God’s will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	21	ic3c	figs-metaphor	ὑποστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς…ἁγίας ἐντολῆς	1	turn away from the holy commandment	Here “turn away from” is a metaphor that means to stop doing something. Alternate translation: “stop obeying the holy commandment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	2	21	blr5	figs-activepassive	τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς	1	the holy commandment delivered to them	This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “the holy commandment that God delivered to them” or “the holy commandment that God made sure that they received” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	2	22	hqr3		συμβέβηκεν αὐτοῖς τὸ τῆς ἀληθοῦς παροιμίας	1	This proverb is true for them	“This proverb applies to them” or “This proverb describes them”
2PE	2	22	h42r	writing-proverbs	κύων ἐπιστρέψας ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα, καί, ὗς λουσαμένη, εἰς κυλισμὸν βορβόρου	1	A dog returns to its own vomit, and a washed pig returns to the mud	Peter uses two proverbs to illustrate how the false teachers, although they have known “the way of righteousness,” have turned back to the things that make them morally and spiritually impure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
2PE	3	intro	c1id			0		# 2 Peter 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fire<br>People often use fire to destroy things or to make something pure by burning off the dirt and worthless parts. Therefore when God punishes the wicked or purifies his people, it is often associated with fire. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fire]])<br><br>### Day of the Lord<br>The exact time of the coming day of the Lord will come as a surprise to people. This is what the simile “like a thief in the night” means. Because of this, Christians are to be prepared for the coming of the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/dayofthelord]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2PE	3	1	n92f			0	General Information:	Peter begins to talk about the last days.
2PE	3	1	gc3m	figs-metaphor	διεγείρω ὑμῶν…τὴν εἰλικρινῆ διάνοιαν	1	to stir up your sincere mind	Peter speaks of causing his readers to think about these things as if he were waking them from sleep. Alternate translation: “to cause you to think pure thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	3	2	gxj7	figs-activepassive	τῶν προειρημένων ῥημάτων, ὑπὸ τῶν ἁγίων προφητῶν	1	the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the words that the holy prophets spoke in the past” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	2	yhi7	figs-activepassive	τῆς τῶν ἀποστόλων ὑμῶν ἐντολῆς τοῦ Κυρίου καὶ Σωτῆρος	1	the command of our Lord and Savior given through your apostles	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the command of our Lord and Savior, which your apostles gave to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	3	lm1a		τοῦτο πρῶτον γινώσκοντες	1	Know this first	“Know this as the most important thing.” See how you translated this in [2 Peter 1:20](../01/20.md).
2PE	3	3	znh2	figs-explicit	κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι	1	proceed according to their own desires	Here the word “desires” refers to sinful desires that are opposed to God’s will. Alternate translation: “live according to their own sinful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	3	3	hl23		πορευόμενοι	1	proceed	act, behave
2PE	3	4	zrj7	figs-rquestion	ποῦ ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ	1	Where is the promise of his return?	The mockers ask this rhetorical question to emphasize that they do not believe that Jesus will return. The word “promise” refers to the fulfillment of the promise that Jesus will return. Alternate translation: “The promise that Jesus would return is not true! He will not return!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	3	4	t6hl	figs-euphemism	οἱ πατέρες ἐκοιμήθησαν	1	our fathers fell asleep	Here “fathers” refers to ancestors who lived long ago. Falling asleep is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “our ancestors died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2PE	3	4	c2en	figs-hyperbole	πάντα οὕτως διαμένει ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως	1	all things have stayed the same, since the beginning of creation	The mockers exaggerate with the word “all”, and they argue that since nothing in the world has ever changed, it cannot be true that Jesus will return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2PE	3	4	yue7	figs-abstractnouns	ἀπ’ ἀρχῆς κτίσεως	1	since the beginning of creation	This can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “since God created the world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	3	5	mku9	figs-activepassive	οὐρανοὶ ἦσαν ἔκπαλαι, καὶ γῆ…συνεστῶσα τῷ τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγῳ	1	the heavens and the earth came to exist…long ago, by God’s command	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God established the heavens and the earth…long ago by his word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	5	s77f		ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ δι’ ὕδατος συνεστῶσα	1	came to exist out of water and through water	This means that God caused the land to come up out of the water, gathering the bodies of water together to make the land appear.
2PE	3	6	jh4r		δι’ ὧν	1	through these things	Here “these things” refers to God’s word and water.
2PE	3	6	nyb7	figs-activepassive	ὁ τότε κόσμος ὕδατι κατακλυσθεὶς ἀπώλετο	1	the world of that time was destroyed, being flooded with water	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God flooded the world that existed at that time with water and destroyed it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	7	b2in	figs-activepassive	οἱ…οὐρανοὶ καὶ ἡ γῆ, τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ τεθησαυρισμένοι εἰσὶν, πυρὶ	1	the heavens and the earth are reserved for fire by that same command	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God, by that same word, has reserved the heavens and the earth for fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	7	e673		τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ	1	that same command	Here “command” stands for God, who will give the command: AT “God, who will give a similar command”
2PE	3	7	jl5d	figs-activepassive	τηρούμενοι εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως	1	They are reserved for the day of judgment	This can be stated in active form and can begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is reserving them for the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	7	y3gg	figs-abstractnouns	εἰς ἡμέραν κρίσεως καὶ ἀπωλείας τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἀνθρώπων	1	for the day of judgment and the destruction of the ungodly people	This can be stated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “for the day when he judges and destroys ungodly people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2PE	3	8	s5cy		μὴ λανθανέτω ὑμᾶς	1	It should not escape your notice	“You should not fail to understand this” or “Do not ignore this”
2PE	3	8	enh9		ὅτι μία ἡμέρα παρὰ Κυρίῳ ὡς χίλια ἔτη	1	that one day with the Lord is like a thousand years	“that from the Lord’s point of view, one day is like a thousand years”
2PE	3	9	zv9m		οὐ βραδύνει Κύριος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας	1	The Lord does not move slowly concerning his promises	“The Lord does not move slowly to fulfill his promises”
2PE	3	9	dzq8		ὥς τινες βραδύτητα ἡγοῦνται	1	as some consider slowness to be	Some people think that the Lord is slow to fulfill his promises because their perspective of time is different than God’s.
2PE	3	10	w6ma		δὲ	1	However	Although the Lord is being patient and wants people to repent, he will indeed return and bring judgment.
2PE	3	10	c5m1	figs-personification	ἥξει…ἡμέρα Κυρίου ὡς κλέπτης	1	the day of the Lord will come as a thief	Peter speaks of the day when God will judge everyone as if it were a thief who will unexpectedly and take people by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2PE	3	10	k31z		οἱ οὐρανοὶ…παρελεύσονται	1	The heavens will pass away	“The heavens will disappear”
2PE	3	10	z32k	figs-activepassive	στοιχεῖα…καυσούμενα λυθήσεται	1	The elements will be burned with fire	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will burn the elements with fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	10	zgd3		στοιχεῖα	1	The elements	Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water.
2PE	3	10	j1gj	figs-activepassive	γῆ καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα εὑρεθήσεται	1	the earth and the deeds in it will be revealed	God will see all the earth and all the deeds of everyone, and he will then judge everything. This can be stated in active terms. Alternate translation: “God will expose the earth and everything that people have done on it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	11	buq4			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter begins to tell the believers how they should live as they wait for the day of the Lord.
2PE	3	11	nq63	figs-activepassive	τούτων οὕτως πάντων λυομένων	1	Since all these things will be destroyed in this way	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Since God will destroy all these things in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	11	t8wx	figs-rquestion	ποταποὺς δεῖ ὑπάρχειν?	1	what kind of people should you be?	Peter uses this rhetorical question to emphasize what he will say next, that they “should live holy and godly lives.” Alternate translation: “you know what kind of people you should be.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2PE	3	12	rq9g	figs-activepassive	οὐρανοὶ πυρούμενοι, λυθήσονται, καὶ στοιχεῖα καυσούμενα, τήκεται	1	the heavens will be destroyed by fire, and the elements will be melted in great heat	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the heavens by fire, and he will melt the elements in great heat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	12	v15i		στοιχεῖα	1	the elements	Possible meanings are (1) the heavenly bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars or (2) the things that make up heaven and earth, such as soil, air, fire, and water. See how you translated this in [2 Peter 3:10](../03/10.md).
2PE	3	13	df3v	figs-personification	ἐν οἷς δικαιοσύνη κατοικεῖ	1	where righteousness will dwell	Peter speaks of “righteousness” as if it were a person. This is a metonym for people who are righteous. Alternate translation: “where righteous people will dwell” or “where people will live righteously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2PE	3	14	fj1l	figs-activepassive	σπουδάσατε ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι αὐτῷ εὑρεθῆναι ἐν εἰρήνῃ	1	do your best to be found spotless and blameless before him, in peace	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “do your best to live in a way so that God will find you spotless and blameless, and be at peace with him and each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	14	s141	figs-doublet	ἄσπιλοι καὶ ἀμώμητοι	1	spotless and blameless	The words “spotless” and “blameless” mean basically the same thing and emphasize moral purity. Alternate translation: “completely pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2PE	3	14	byr8	figs-metaphor	ἄσπιλοι	1	spotless	Here this stands for “faultless.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	3	15	g35u	figs-explicit	τὴν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν μακροθυμίαν, σωτηρίαν ἡγεῖσθε	1	consider the patience of our Lord to be salvation	Because the Lord is patient, the day of judgment has not yet happened. This gives people an opportunity to repent and be saved, as he explained in [2 Peter 3:9](../03/09.md). Alternate translation: “Also, think about the patience of our Lord as giving you an opportunity to repent and be saved” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2PE	3	15	nnd7	figs-activepassive	κατὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτῷ σοφίαν	1	according to the wisdom that was given to him	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “according to the wisdom that God gave to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	16	wil1		ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς, λαλῶν…περὶ τούτων	1	Paul speaks of these things in all his letters	“Paul speaks of the patience of God leading to salvation in all his letters”
2PE	3	16	z4cj		ἐν αἷς ἐστιν δυσνόητά τινα	1	in which there are things that are difficult to understand	There are things in Paul’s letters that are difficult to understand.
2PE	3	16	dt6r		ἃ οἱ ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀστήρικτοι στρεβλοῦσιν	1	Ignorant and unstable men distort these things	Ignorant and unstable men misinterpret the things that are difficult to understand in Paul’s letters.
2PE	3	16	giz1		οἱ ἀμαθεῖς καὶ ἀστήρικτοι	1	Ignorant and unstable	“Unlearned and unsteady.” These men have not been taught how to properly interpret scripture and are not well established in the truth of the gospel.
2PE	3	16	sh4j		πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν αὐτῶν ἀπώλειαν	1	to their own destruction	“resulting in their own destruction”
2PE	3	17	kn3d			0	Connecting Statement:	Peter finishes instructing the believers and ends his letter.
2PE	3	17	t1gd		ὑμεῖς…προγινώσκοντες	1	since you know about these things	“These things” refers to the truths about the patience of God and the teachings of these false teachers.
2PE	3	17	z54q		φυλάσσεσθε	1	guard yourselves	“protect yourselves”
2PE	3	17	h2ik	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ τῇ τῶν ἀθέσμων πλάνῃ συναπαχθέντες	1	so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people	Here “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that lawless people do not deceive you and cause you do something wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2PE	3	17	w3sp	figs-metaphor	ἐκπέσητε τοῦ ἰδίου στηριγμοῦ	1	you lose your own faithfulness	Faithfulness is spoken of as if it were a possession that believers could lose. Alternate translation: “you stop being faithful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2PE	3	18	lk3c	figs-metaphor	αὐξάνετε…ἐν χάριτι, καὶ γνώσει τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ Σωτῆρος, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ	Here growing in the grace and knowledge of the Lord represents experiencing his grace more and knowing him more. The abstract noun “grace” can be expressed with the phrase “act kindly.” Alternate translation: “receive more of the grace of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, and know him more” or “be more aware of how our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ acts kindly toward you, and know him better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])