Testing_ABC_en_tn/en_tn_02-EXO.tsv

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2EXOfrontintrob4ppהָ⁠אָבְנָ֑יִם0# Introduction to Exodus<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Exodus<br><br>1. Israel in Egypt; preparing to depart from slavery (112)<br>- First genealogy (1:16)<br>- Israel as slaves in Egypt (1:722)<br>- Moses history to the time of the Exodus (2:14:26)<br>- Israel suffers in Egypt (4:276:13)<br>- Second genealogy (6:1427)<br>- Moses and Aaron go to Pharaoh (6:287:25)<br>- The plagues (8:111:10)<br>1. Instructions for celebrating the Passover (12:130)<br>1. From Egypt to Mount Sinai (12:3118:27)<br>- The Passover; preparing to leave Egypt; leaving Egypt (12:3150, 13:122)<br>- Journey from Egypt to Mount Sinai (14:118:27)<br>1. Mount Sinai and the Law (19-40)<br>- Preparing for the covenant (19:125)<br>- The Ten Commandments (20:117)<br>- The covenant described (20:1823:33)<br>- The people agree to the covenant; Moses returns to Mount Sinai (24:118)<br>- Design of the tabernacle and its furnishings; what was required of those who serve in it; tabernacle functions (25:131:18)<br>- The golden calf; Moses prays for the people (32:133:22)<br>- The covenant described again (34:135)<br>- Making of the ark and its furnishings (35:138:31) and priestly garments (39:143, 40:133)<br>- The cloud (40:3438)<br><br>### What is the Book of Exodus about?<br><br>Exodus continues the story of the previous book, Genesis. The first half of Exodus is about how Yahweh made Abrahams descendants into a nation. This nation, which would be called “Israel,” was meant to belong to Yahweh and worship him. The second half of Exodus describes how God gave the Israelites his law through Moses. The law of Moses told the Israelites how to obey and worship Yahweh properly.<br><br>The Book of Exodus tells how the Israelites were to build the tabernacle. The tabernacle was a tent where Yahweh would be among his people. The Israelites worshiped and sacrificed animals to Yahweh at the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>“Exodus” means “exit” or “departure.” Translators may translate this title in a way that can communicate its subject clearly, for example, “About the Israelites Leaving Egypt” or “How the Israelites Left the Land of Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Exodus?<br><br>The writers of both the Old and New Testaments present Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Exodus. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.<br><br>### Why did Moses write so much about God delivering or rescuing the people of Israel?<br><br>Moses wrote much about God rescuing his people from the Egyptians to show that Yahweh is very powerful. Egypt was the most powerful nation at that time. And Yahweh was still able to free the Israelites from the Egyptians. Also, by rescuing the Israelites, Yahweh showed that he had chosen them as his people and they should worship him.<br><br>### How does the Book of Exodus show the fulfillment of the promises given to Abraham?<br><br>The Book of Exodus shows God beginning to fulfill his promise to Abraham. In Genesis, God promised Abraham that he would have many descendants and that they would become a large nation. When God rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians, he took them to Mount Sinai. There he made a covenant with them, and they became the nation that belonged to Yahweh.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the Jewish Passover?<br><br>The Jewish Passover was a religious festival. Yahweh commanded the Israelites to celebrate it every year. Passover was a time to remember how God rescued them from the Egyptians. The first Passover meal was eaten in the evening just before they left Egypt.<br><br>### What was the law of Moses to the people of Israel?<br><br>The law of Moses instructed the people of Israel what Yahweh required them to do as his people. In the law, God told the people how they should live so that they honor him. He also instructed them about their need to offer animal sacrifices. God required these sacrifices so that he could forgive their sins and continue living among them. The law also described the duties of the priests and told how to build the tabernacle.<br><br>### What did it mean that Israel was to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation” ([19:6](../19/06.md) ULT)?<br><br>Israel was a holy nation because Yahweh separated them from all other nations to belong to him. They were to honor and worship him only. This made them different than all the other nations of the world. These other nations worshiped many false gods.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Why are the details of the construction of the tabernacle in Exodus 2532 repeated in Exodus 3540?<br><br>In Exodus 25-32, God describes exactly how the tabernacle was to be built. The details were repeated in Exodus 35-40. This showed that the people were to be careful to do exactly as God commanded.<br><br>### Are the events in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Most but not all of the events in the Book of Exodus are told in the order that they actually happened. Translators may need to make it clear when the events are in an unusual order.<br><br>### What does it mean that God “lived” among his people?<br><br>The Book of Exodus presents God as living in the tabernacle among the nation of Israel. God is everywhere, but he lived among the Israelites in a special way. God dwelled with Israelites because they belonged to him. He promised to lead them and bless them. In return, the people were to worship him and honor him.
3EXO1introcj55וַ⁠יֵּ֥לֶךְ0# Exodus 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is intended to form a smooth transition with the last chapter of the book of Genesis.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Israels growth<br>Israel grew in number. This was in fulfillment of the covenant God made with Abraham. It also caused the Egyptians great concern that there would be more Israelites than Egyptians because they would be unable to defend themselves against such a large number of people. Pharaoh also tried to kill all of the male babies so they would not become soldiers who fought against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### End of the famine<br>It is obvious that some time has passed since the beginning of the famine which brought the Israelites into Egypt. Yahweh appears to be punishing the Hebrews for not returning back to the Promised Land instead choosing to stay in Egypt. No return attempt is recorded to have been made. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “All of the descendants of Jacob were seventy in number”<br>This number included both Jacobs children and grandchildren. It may cause confusion, but it is important to remember Jacob only had 12 sons.
4EXO11851fwriting-background0Verses 1-7 are background information for the story. If your language has a way of structuring background information consider using it for these verses. (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background\]\])
5EXO11g89kfigs-metonymy​וּ⁠בֵית֖⁠וֹ0householdHere, **house** refers to all of the people who live together, usually a large family with servants. Alternate translation: “household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6EXO11fxbxfigs-goהַ⁠בָּאִ֖ים... בָּֽאוּ0The words translated as **came in** could also be translated as “went in.” Use whichever form is most natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
7EXO11e65ztranslate-namesיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל... יַעֲקֹ֔ב0**Jacob** and **Israel** are two names for the same man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8EXO15fv84translate-numbers​שִׁבְעִ֣ים0seventy in number“70 in number” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
9EXO16sh42grammar-connect-time-sequentialוַ⁠יָּ֤מָת0They all died after coming to Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
10EXO16g5qgוְ⁠כָל־אֶחָ֔י⁠ו0all his brothers**all his brothers** includes 10 older brothers and 1 younger brother. If your language has different words for those, you can say, “his 10 older brothers, his younger brother”
11EXO168g2kfigs-possessionאֶחָ֔י⁠ו0This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
12EXO179uwrfigs-metonymyוּ⁠בְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל0This is the first of many times in this book that **sons of Israel** refers to the Israelite nation or people. Alternate translation: “people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13EXO172ccyfigs-doubletפָּר֧וּ וַֽ⁠יִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַ⁠יִּרְבּ֥וּ וַ⁠יַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ0All of these verbs mean similar things and are used together to emphasize that the Israelite people became very numerous. If your language doesnt have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “multiplied and became extremely numerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
14EXO17uo65פָּר֧וּ... וַ⁠יִּרְבּ֥וּ... וַ⁠תִּמָּלֵ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ0Compare your translation of **fruitful ... and multiplied.. and the land was filled** here to Genesis 1:28; 9:1, 7; and especially Genesis 35:11 where God renamed Jacob to Israel.
15EXO17nk2lfigs-metaphor​פָּר֧וּ0were fruitfulThe birth of children to the Israelites is spoken of as if they were plants that were producing fruit. Alternate translation: “had many children” or “gave birth to many children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16EXO17r2f1figs-activepassiveוַ⁠תִּמָּלֵ֥א הָ⁠אָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽ⁠ם0the land was filled with themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They filled the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17EXO173tcvfigs-idiomבִּ⁠מְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד0Here, the same word is used twice to emphasize how many the Israelite people had become. If your language does not repeat words like this, express the emphasis in another way. Alternate translation: “in a really big way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18EXO17piq4​אֹתָֽ⁠ם0with themHere, **them** refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
19EXO186y05writing-newevent​וַ⁠יָּ֥קָם0This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features apply them here. (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
20EXO18470twriting-participantsמֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ0The story begins with the new king. Your language may have a specific way to introduce new events or new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
21EXO18t6jdfigs-metonymyמִצְרָ֑יִם0arose over EgyptThis refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “began to rule over the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22EXO1804cxfigs-metonymy​לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף0Here, **Joseph** refers to both the person Joseph and to all of the good things that he did for Egypt. See the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23EXO19tf59writing-participants​וַ⁠יֹּ֖אמֶר0He said to his people“And the king said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
24EXO19aku3<br>figs-exclamationsהִנֵּ֗ה 0Here, **Behold** draws special attention to what is about to be said. Use a way of drawing peoples attention that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Listen to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])- **Behold** - This statement draws special attention to what is about to be said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
25EXO19x65ifigs-possession​עַמּ֑⁠וֹ0his peopleThe people are spoken of as if they belonged to the king. This an instance of the social relationship possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
26EXO19t7s1​עַמּ֑⁠וֹ0There is some ambiguity as to who exactly Pharaoh was addressing. It could have been: 1) the people who lived in Egypt, the Egyptians or 2) some group of “his people” like his advisors, generals, nobles, or friends and family. Even if option 1 is meant, its quite possible that he actually spoke to some smaller group of representatives as in option 2.
27EXO19jik8מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ0Use a way that is natural in your language to compare non-specific sizes of groups of people. Alternate translation: “more than we are”
28EXO19njuffigs-quotationsהִנֵּ֗ה עַ֚ם בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רַ֥ב וְ⁠עָצ֖וּם מִמֶּֽ⁠נּוּ0Beginning from **“Behold** to the end of [verse 10](../01/10.md) is a direct quote of what the king said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
29EXO110hiq4figs-inclusive​נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה... שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔י⁠נוּ... בָּ֖⁠נוּ0let usThe word “us” is inclusive and refers to the king and his people, the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
30EXO1108wvbgrammar-connect-condition-hypothetical​פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְ⁠הָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙0The king suggests a combination of two hypothetical events: 1. There are even more Israelites, 2. There is a battle. These are followed by a series of undesirable consequences: 3. The Israelites join an enemy, 4. The Israelites attack the Egyptians, 5. The Israelites leave Egypt. While the series of consequences is also technically hypothetical, the kings language indicates that if 1-2 happen, then 3-5 are certain. Use language that makes it clear that the first two events are hypothetical, and that the next three are consequences if the first two happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
31EXO110jc1hוְ⁠עָלָ֥ה מִן־הָ⁠אָֽרֶץ0leave the land“and the Israelites leave Egypt”
32EXO111y2mi​שָׂרֵ֣י0taskmastersEgyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work.
33EXO111o926מִסִּ֔ים0Here the plural means groups. Alternative translation: “work crews”
34EXO111l9lj​לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖⁠וֹ בְּ⁠סִבְלֹתָ֑⁠ם0to oppress them with hard labor“to force the Israelites to do hard work for the Egyptians”
35EXO111pkz4translate-unknown​עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙0store citiesThese were places where the leaders put food and other important things to keep them safe. Alternative translation: “cities for the king to put things to keep them safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
36EXO111dy34figs-possession​עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙0The possessive is objective, storage of goods is what occurs in the cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
37EXO112c1fygrammar-connect-logic-contrastוְ⁠כַ⁠אֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔⁠וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְ⁠כֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ0This sentence expresses a result that is opposite of what the king expected. If your language has a way to express something happening that was opposite of what was expected, use that structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
38EXO112pdfkfigs-abstractnounsוַ⁠יָּקֻ֕צוּ0“were afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
39EXO112qgzzfigs-metonymyמִ⁠פְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל0Here **face** figuratively means the presence of a person. The phrase means that the Egyptians were afraid of the Israelites existence in the country. Alternate translation: “And they felt a sickening dread whenever they saw an Israelite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
40EXO113j1q6figs-abstractnouns​בְּ⁠פָֽרֶךְ0made…work rigorously“made…work very hard” or “harshly made…work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
41EXO114mx6vfigs-metaphor​וַ⁠יְמָרְר֨וּ0made their lives bitterThe difficult lives of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were bitter food that was difficult to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42EXO114jre2figs-abstractnounsבַּ⁠עֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה0**Slavery** is an abstract noun modified by **hard**. Alternative translation: “by making them work hard as slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
43EXO114cuq7translate-unknown​בְּ⁠חֹ֨מֶר֙0mortarThis was a wet glue or mud put between bricks or stones that held them together when it dried. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])<br><br><br>
44EXO114gzq7​אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔⁠ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָ⁠הֶ֖ם בְּ⁠פָֽרֶךְ׃0All their required work was hard“The Egyptians made them work very hard” or “The Egyptians forced them to work very hard” See how you translated this in [verse 13](../01/13.md)
45EXO1145nzxwriting-participants​וַ⁠יְמָרְר֨וּ... בָ⁠הֶ֖ם0These pronouns refer to the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
46EXO114acj5writing-participantsחַיֵּי⁠הֶ֜ם...עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔⁠ם...עָבְד֥וּ0These pronouns refer to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
47EXO115yoajwriting-neweventוַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙0This sentence introduces a new event in the story. If your language marks this with particular discourse features apply them here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
48EXO115hhw1​לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֖ת0midwivesThese were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby.
49EXO115h8f8translate-names​שִׁפְרָ֔ה...פּוּעָֽה0Shiphrah…PuahThese are Hebrew womens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
50EXO115h59twriting-participants​שִׁפְרָ֔ה...פּוּעָֽה0The midwives are introduced here as new participants in the story. Use your languages way to introduce new characters in a story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
51EXO1164wwzוַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר0“And the king said” In the UST this is combined with *spoke* from [verse 15](../01/15.md) because the verb for *say* is used twice before he speaks. In English and other languages this is often strange. If it would be unnatural to say that the king spoke or said twice you may leave one off.
52EXO116yovgfigs-quotationsבְּ⁠יַלֶּדְ⁠כֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽ⁠עִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָ⁠אָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַ⁠הֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָ⁠חָֽיָה0This is a direct quote of what the king said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
53EXO1165lkefigs-youdualבְּ⁠יַלֶּדְ⁠כֶן֙...וּ⁠רְאִיתֶ֖ן...וַ⁠הֲמִתֶּ֣ן0These *you*s are plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
54EXO116h3mbfigs-metonymyעַל־הָ⁠אָבְנָ֑יִם0on the birthstoolWomen sat on this short stool as they gave birth. Therefore, it is associated with birth. Alternate translation: “as they give birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
55EXO116nms7grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical​אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַ⁠הֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔⁠וֹ וְ⁠אִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָ⁠חָֽיָה0These two statements are hypothetical conditions (starting at **if**) with instructions for what the midwives should do in each situation (starting at **then**). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
56EXO117gy7kgrammar-connect-logic-contrastוַ⁠תִּירֶ֤אןָ0Use a conjunction or other language structure that expresses contrast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
57EXO118y9g5​לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֔ת0midwivesThese were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
58EXO11800l4figs-quotationsמַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה וַ⁠תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ⁠יְלָדִֽים0This is a direct quote of the kings question. This could be translated as an indirect quote: “he asked them why they were letting the sons live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
59EXO118q1syמַדּ֥וּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן הַ⁠דָּבָ֣ר הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה וַ⁠תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ אֶת־הַ⁠יְלָדִֽים0Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live?Alternate translation: “Why have you not killed the baby boys?”
60EXO1188onvfigs-youdualעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ן וַ⁠תְּחַיֶּ֖יןָ0This *you* is plural. The king is speaking to the two midwives. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addresses use a dual or plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
61EXO1197t6zfigs-quotationsכִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַ⁠נָּשִׁ֛ים הַ⁠מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּ⁠טֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ן הַ⁠מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְ⁠יָלָֽדוּ0This is a direct quote of the midwives response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
62EXO1199gqegrammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֣י לֹ֧א כַ⁠נָּשִׁ֛ים הַ⁠מִּצְרִיֹּ֖ת הָֽ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת כִּֽי־חָי֣וֹת הֵ֔נָּה בְּ⁠טֶ֨רֶם תָּב֧וֹא אֲלֵ⁠הֶ֛ן הַ⁠מְיַלֶּ֖דֶת וְ⁠יָלָֽדוּ0The midwives give a reason, *the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women*, then they expand on that reason, *for they are lively (or energetic)*, with the result that *before the midwife comes to them, they have given birth*.  (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
63EXO1190ppafigs-synecdocheוַ⁠תֹּאמַ֤רְןָ הַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹת֙0It may not make sense in your language to say that multiple people said something so you may need to translate it in the singular (see UST). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
64EXO1192ivnהַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹת֙0These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
65EXO120eh25​לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֑ת0midwivesThese were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:15](../01/15.md).
66EXO120h133figs-doubletוַ⁠יִּ֧רֶב הָ⁠עָ֛ם וַ⁠יַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ מְאֹֽד0The people increased in numbersThese words mean similar things and are used together to emphasize their numeric growth. If your language doesnt have as many words that mean the same thing, you can use fewer words and express the emphasis in another way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
67EXO1200wpbgrammar-connect-logic-result​וַ⁠יֵּ֥יטֶב אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֑ת0This phrase is more logically connected to the statements in verse 21. It describes the *result* of the midwives fearing God with a general statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
68EXO1213q9e<br>grammar-connect-logic-resultוַ⁠יְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽ⁠מְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֑ים0This is the *reason* for what God did. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
69EXO121pbve<br>grammar-connect-logic-resultוַ⁠יַּ֥עַשׂ לָ⁠הֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים0This describes the *result* of the midwives fearing God with a specific statement. You may need to rearrange vs 20-21 so that the reason (vs 21) comes before both the general and specific results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
70EXO121jx9cבָּתִּֽים0he gave them families“households”
71EXO122ld1jfigs-explicit0You must throw every son…into the riverThis order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “You must throw every new-born son into the river so they will drown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
72EXO122a6b2figs-quotationsכָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ וְ⁠כָל־הַ⁠בַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן׃0This is a direct quote of Pharaohs speech. It could be translated as an indirect quotation: “Pharaoh commanded all of his people to throw every baby boy into the river, but to let the every girl live.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
73EXO122stagfigs-youdualתַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ...תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן0The *you*s here refer to all the Egyptians. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
74EXO2introrwf30# Exodus 02 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br><br>### Covenant<br>God begins to relate to the Israelites based on his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.<br><br><br>### Moses heritage<br>In the first part of this chapter, Pharaohs daughter recognizes Moses as being a Hebrew, but in the last part of this chapter, the Midianites believe him to be an Egyptian.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Identification of participants<br>- Moses is the only participant named in most of this chapter. This is because many of the participants play very minor roles and because this part of the story is focusing on Moses life.<br><br>### Ironic situations<br>- While Pharaoh tried to diminish the power of the Israelites by killing all of their baby boys, God used Pharaohs own daughter to save Moses.<br><br><br>- Moses believes he is meant to be the rescuer of his people, but they reject him. Ultimately, Moses was correct, but God had not yet sent him for that mission.
75EXO21wvj9writing-newevent​וַ⁠יֵּ֥לֶךְ0NowThis word is used here to mark a break in the main event. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the narrative. If you have a way of doing this in your language, consider using it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
76EXO21riy7writing-participantsאִ֖ישׁ...בַּת0These are new participants. They remain unnamed until [Exodus 6:20](../06/20.md) where they are identified as Amram and Jochebed. For now it is best to leave them unnamed if possible in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
77EXO2140u9figs-idiomוַ⁠יִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי0This is an idiom for marrying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
78EXO22s49kט֣וֹב0Alternative translations: “pleasing,” “fine,” or “healthy” (UST)
79EXO22q4c0grammar-connect-logic-resultוַ⁠תֵּ֤רֶא...וַֽ⁠תִּצְפְּנֵ֖⁠הוּ0Hiding the boy was a result of seeing that he was good. Alternative translation: “Since she saw... she hid him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
80EXO2200k4translate-numbersשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה03 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
81EXO23t2gjtranslate-unknownתֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא0papyrus basketThis is a basket made from a tall grass that grows by the Nile River in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
82EXO23tn3yfigs-explicitוַ⁠תַּחְמְרָ֥⁠ה בַ⁠חֵמָ֖ר וּ⁠בַ⁠זָּ֑פֶת0sealed it with bitumen and pitchYou could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate translation: “spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
83EXO23wpb6translate-unknownוַ⁠תַּחְמְרָ֥⁠ה 0sealedThis means that she applied a waterproof coating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
84EXO23ym3ktranslate-unknownבַ⁠חֵמָ֖ר0bitumenThis is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “tar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
85EXO23v825translate-unknownוּ⁠בַ⁠זָּ֑פֶת 0pitchThis is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, **pitch** would include not only **bitumen** but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. Alternate translation: “tar” or “resin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
86EXO23y8gqtranslate-unknownבַּ⁠סּ֖וּף0reedsThese **reeds** were a type of tall grass that grew in flat, wet areas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
87EXO24av8bוַ⁠תֵּתַצַּ֥ב אֲחֹת֖⁠וֹ מֵ⁠רָחֹ֑ק0at a distanceThis means she stood far enough away so that she would not be noticed, but close enough to see the ark. Use a word that expresses this sort of distance in your language.
88EXO249m7yfigs-abstractnounsמֵ⁠רָחֹ֑ק0This probably means somewhere in the reeds where she could see the basket but no one would see her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
89EXO244d7nfigs-kinshipאֲחֹת֖⁠וֹ0In the UST “older” is supplied because her actions clearly show she is his older sister. In some languages a different term is used for siblings based on their relative ages and/or the gender of the siblings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
90EXO24z1cygrammar-connect-logic-goalלְ⁠דֵעָ֕ה מַה־יֵּעָשֶׂ֖ה לֽ⁠וֹ0This is her purpose in being close by. Alternative translation: “in order to know...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
91EXO251vlsfigs-goוַ⁠תֵּ֤רֶד0**Came down** may be literal or figurative, important places are often considered to be in a higher place. This means she came from her home, probably Pharaohs palace. If a perspective is required for Pharaohs daughter, you may choose go or come as works best in your language. “Come” is better as the scene is at the river and she comes to the scene location. However, you also need to consider your languages way of introducing new participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
92EXO253vanwriting-participantsבַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙...וְ⁠נַעֲרֹתֶ֥י⁠הָ0These women are introduced here as new participants, however they are not mentioned again after this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
93EXO25im0dfigs-metaphorעַל־יַ֣ד הַ⁠יְאֹ֑ר0*hand* is a metaphor for *side* which in this case can be translated as the *shore* or *bank* (UST) of the river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94EXO25bi7sוְ⁠נַעֲרֹתֶ֥י⁠הָ0her attendantsThese were the young women whose job was to be with her and make sure nothing bad happened to her.
95EXO25am7gwriting-participantsוַ⁠תִּקָּחֶֽ⁠הָ0It is not clear who is meant by **she** here, it could either be Pharaohs daughter or the servant. It is likely that Pharaohs daughter stays the subject. Alternative translation: “she sent her slave woman to get it. She took the ark from her slave” or “she sent her slave woman to take the ark. 6 Pharaohs daughter opened...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
96EXO26g9n6figs-exclamationsוְ⁠הִנֵּה0BeholdThe word **behold** signals the surprising information that follows. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
97EXO26tyubgrammar-connect-logic-resultוַ⁠תַּחְמֹ֣ל עָלָ֔י⁠ו0The text does not state exactly what caused her to have compassion on the baby. If a reason must be provided in your language it should be connected to either his crying (this is the better option) or that he was a “good” baby [verse 2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
98EXO26jg0dfigs-quotationsמִ⁠יַּלְדֵ֥י הָֽ⁠עִבְרִ֖ים זֶֽה0This is a direct quote. It seems to have been said loud enough for the babys sister to hear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
99EXO273zvufigs-quotationsוְ⁠קָרָ֤אתִי לָ⁠ךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת וְ⁠תֵינִ֥ק לָ֖⁠ךְ אֶת־הַ⁠יָּֽלֶד0This is a direct quote of the babys sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
100EXO27x5jaוְ⁠קָרָ֤אתִי לָ⁠ךְ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה מֵינֶ֔קֶת מִ֖ן הָ⁠עִבְרִיֹּ֑ת0This is a suggestive question. The childs sister is hopeful that Pharaohs daughter does not have a plan yet for the baby beyond saving his life. However, it is still a true question, without Pharaohs daughters permission the childs sister will not be able to fetch the woman. If your language has a way of forming questions that are also suggestions use it here.
101EXO27psb2figs-possessionאֲחֹת⁠וֹ֮...בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֒0These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
102EXO27d7ajמֵינֶ֔קֶת...וְ⁠תֵינִ֥ק0nurseThis means to feed with milk from the breast.
103EXO27tqq9grammar-connect-logic-goalוְ⁠תֵינִ֥ק לָ֖⁠ךְ אֶת־הַ⁠יָּֽלֶד0This is the purpose of the sisters proposal. Alternative translation: “In order that she could nurse the child for you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
104EXO28ab1mfigs-goלֵ֑כִי...וַ⁠תֵּ֨לֶךְ֙0The girl goes away from Pharaohs daughter toward the childs mother. She was almost certainly on foot. Use verbs of motion that express these. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
105EXO282456figs-quotationsלֵ֑כִי0This is a direct quote. Pharaohs daughter commands the babys sister. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
106EXO28lyyjfigs-possessionבַּת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה...אֵ֥ם הַ⁠יָּֽלֶד0These are both possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
107EXO29lmkofigs-possessionבַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה0This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
108EXO29u554writing-participantsלָ֣⁠הּ0The childs mother is reintroduced as a participant. Alternative translation: “to the babys mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
109EXO29xp5xfigs-quotationsהֵילִ֜יכִי אֶת־הַ⁠יֶּ֤לֶד הַ⁠זֶּה֙ וְ⁠הֵינִקִ֣⁠הוּ לִ֔⁠י וַ⁠אֲנִ֖י אֶתֵּ֣ן אֶת־שְׂכָרֵ֑⁠ךְ0This is a direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
110EXO29moggשְׂכָרֵ֑⁠ךְ0This refers to payment that Pharaohs daughter would give to the mother in exchange for her service of nursing.
111EXO29hqsafigs-explicitוַ⁠תִּקַּ֧ח...וַ⁠תְּנִיקֵֽ⁠הוּ0The mothers acceptance of the deal is implied. You could make it explicit as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
112EXO210zj8hgrammar-connect-time-sequentialוַ⁠יִגְדַּ֣ל הַ⁠יֶּ֗לֶד וַ⁠תְּבִאֵ֨⁠הוּ֙0she brought himAn unspecified amount of time is designated by this. He would have stayed with his mother at least until he was weaned (no longer drinking his mothers milk). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
113EXO210ta4rfigs-possessionלְ⁠בַת־פַּרְעֹ֔ה0This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
114EXO210j7n1וַֽ⁠יְהִי־לָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠בֵ֑ן0he became her son“he became the adopted son of Pharaohs daughter”
115EXO210h7togrammar-connect-time-simultaneousוַֽ⁠יְהִי־לָ֖⁠הּ לְ⁠בֵ֑ן וַ⁠תִּקְרָ֤א שְׁמ⁠וֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה0These events were likely simultaneous, her act of naming him may have been what made him as her son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous]])
116EXO210nh2mמֹשֶׁ֔ה וַ⁠תֹּ֕אמֶר כִּ֥י מִן־הַ⁠מַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽ⁠הוּ0Because I drew him from the waterTranslators may add a footnote that says “The name Moses sounds like the Hebrew word that means draw out.’”
117EXO210ityqfigs-quotationsכִּ֥י מִן־הַ⁠מַּ֖יִם מְשִׁיתִֽ⁠הוּ׃0This is a direct quote. It could be stated indirectly: “because she said she draw him out of the water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
118EXO210yax4translate-namesמֹשֶׁ֔ה0drew him**Moses** - (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
119EXO211tyolgrammar-connect-time-sequential וַ⁠יְהִ֣י׀ בַּ⁠יָּמִ֣ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם וַ⁠יִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַ⁠יֵּצֵ֣א0A significant amount of time has passed, later texts state that Moses was 40 years old at this point. Alternative translation: “Many years later” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
120EXO211p7gxwriting-newevent וַ⁠יְהִ֣י׀ בַּ⁠יָּמִ֣ים הָ⁠הֵ֗0This introduces a new event in the story. Use a phrase that indicates a new event after significant time has passed in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
121EXO211917yfigs-goוַ⁠יֵּצֵ֣א0The UST supplies a probable location that he went out from, it could also have been simply out *from* the Egyptian area or *out* to the work area or cities. Use go or come as appropriate in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
122EXO211swn3מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י0striking a Hebrew“hitting a Hebrew” or “beating a Hebrew”
123EXO212m9bnfigs-merismוַ⁠יִּ֤פֶן כֹּה֙ וָ⁠כֹ֔ה0He looked this way and that wayThese two opposite directions have the combined meaning of “everywhere.” Alternate translation: “He looked all around” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
124EXO212rmgnfigs-metonymyוַ⁠יַּךְ֙0The context makes clear that Moses struck the Egyptian hard enough or repeatedly until Moses killed him. Consider a word that indicates a deadly blow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
125EXO213qn45figs-goוַ⁠יֵּצֵא֙0He went outSee how you translated this in [Exodus 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
126EXO21383e6translate-ordinalהַ⁠שֵּׁנִ֔י0The ordinal number here could mean “the next day” (UST) or simply on some day following the events of the previous verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
127EXO213rgn1figs-exclamationsוְ⁠הִנֵּ֛ה0beholdHere, **behold,** shows that Moses was surprised by what he saw. You can use a word in your language that will give this meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
128EXO213i4d6לָֽ⁠רָשָׁ֔ע0the one who was in the wrongBased on Mosess question this means the aggressor or the man wrongfully attacking his neighbor. Alternate translation: “the man who was guilty of starting the fight”
129EXO213duobfigs-quotationsלָ֥⁠מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽ⁠ךָ0This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
130EXO214qb2nfigs-rquestionמִ֣י שָֽׂמְ⁠ךָ֞ לְ⁠אִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְ⁠שֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ0Who made you a leader and judge over us?The man used this question to rebuke Moses for intervening in the fight. Alternate translation: “You are not our leader and have no right to judge us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
131EXO214afnefigs-quotationsמִ֣י שָֽׂמְ⁠ךָ֞ לְ⁠אִ֨ישׁ שַׂ֤ר וְ⁠שֹׁפֵט֙ עָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ0This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br><br><br><br>
132EXO214k6s5figs-ironyהַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּצְרִ֑י0Are you planning to kill me as you killed that Egyptian?The man used a question here to be sarcastic. Alternate translation: “We know that you killed an Egyptian yesterday. You had better not kill me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
133EXO214d2jaהַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר0“Are you planning to kill me” or “Are you threatening to kill me”
134EXO214lyqhfigs-quotationsהַ⁠לְ⁠הָרְגֵ֨⁠נִי֙ אַתָּ֣ה אֹמֵ֔ר כַּ⁠אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרַ֖גְתָּ אֶת־הַ⁠מִּצְרִ֑י0This is a direct quote. However, it is likely this is something Moses said to himself, that is a thought. Alternative translation (as indirect quote): *was afraid because he thought that everyone knew what he did.* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])<br>
135EXO215yutrוַ⁠יְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַ⁠הֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה0Pharaoh most likely delegated this task. Alternative translations: “he sought to have Moses killed” (note that the passive form will not work in every language), see UST
136EXO215l5rcfigs-metonymyמִ⁠פְּנֵ֣י0His face means his presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
137EXO215otslוַ⁠יֵּ֥שֶׁב וַ⁠יֵּ֥שֶׁב0These are the same verb. There are three possible interpretations: 1. Moses lived in Midian. He sat by this well one day. This may have been the well for the town he lived in. or, 2. Moses lived in Midian. His home was by this well. or, 3. Moses was a wanderer. He was in Midian and sat by this well when the next event occurred.<br>
138EXO216shg5writing-backgroundוּ⁠לְ⁠כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת0Now the priest of Midian had seven daughtersThis sentence is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])<br>
139EXO216pjzcwriting-neweventוּ⁠לְ⁠כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת0This sentence is used to mark a transition. However, the last clause of the previous verse (“and he sat down by a well”) seems to be related to this new scene so you may want to make your transition there as is done in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])<br>
140EXO216cfe5writing-participantsשֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת וַ⁠תָּבֹ֣אנָה0The daughters are new participants. Indicate that in a way that is natural in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
141EXO216sm8ffigs-goוַ⁠תָּבֹ֣אנָה0The perspective of the narrative is set at the well. The daughters came from elsewhere to the well. They were probably on foot. Each language will need to choose the appropriate word for “going” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
142EXO216v5ykfigs-possessionוּ⁠לְ⁠כֹהֵ֥ן מִדְיָ֖ן שֶׁ֣בַע בָּנ֑וֹת0This is possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br>
143EXO216esdmtranslate-numbersשֶׁ֣בַע 07 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])<br><br><br><br>
144EXO216i2jhוַ⁠תִּדְלֶ֗נָה 0drew waterThis means that they brought up water from a well.
145EXO216g1e6translate-unknownהָ֣⁠רְהָטִ֔ים0troughsThis was a long, narrow, open container for animals to eat or drink out of (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
146EXO216p3uofigs-possessionצֹ֥אן אֲבִי⁠הֶֽן0There are two possessives here: 1) *their father* is possessive of social relationship; 2) *the flock of ... father* is possessive of ownership. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])<br>
147EXO217k5ycfigs-goוַ⁠יָּבֹ֥אוּ0A group of men came. They may not have been far away before coming and driving the women away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
148EXO217zksvwriting-participantsהָ⁠רֹעִ֖ים 0These are new, very brief participants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
149EXO217z17mgrammar-connect-logic-contrastוַ⁠יָּ֤קָם0helped themUse an expression that communicates that what Moses did was unexpected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
150EXO218omzvfigs-goוַ⁠תָּבֹ֕אנָה0The daughters came from the well to their father, probably on foot. You can use come or go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
151EXO2187t7ttranslate-namesרְעוּאֵ֖ל0This name, or perhaps title, is used of the man otherwise called Jethro only here and in Numbers 10:29. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
152EXO21895f3writing-participantsרְעוּאֵ֖ל0The priest of Midian was mentioned in [v. 16](../02/16.md) in a background statement but is a new participant starting here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
153EXO218tiqhfigs-possessionאֲבִי⁠הֶ֑ן0This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
154EXO218lukbfigs-quotationsמַדּ֛וּעַ מִהַרְתֶּ֥ן בֹּ֖א הַ⁠יּֽוֹם0This is a direct quote. You could use an indirect quotation as, “He asked how they were able to return so quickly that day.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
155EXO21844atfigs-goבֹּ֖א0Alternative translation: to return. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
156EXO219r01gfigs-quotationsאִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י הִצִּילָ֖⁠נוּ מִ⁠יַּ֣ד הָ⁠רֹעִ֑ים וְ⁠גַם־דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙ לָ֔⁠נוּ וַ⁠יַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־הַ⁠צֹּֽאן0This is a direct quote. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
157EXO2193g80אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י0Jethros daughters assume Moses was Egyptian. When you translate it should be clear this refers to Moses.
158EXO219hvb4figs-metonymyמִ⁠יַּ֣ד0*Hand* figuratively refers to the power, control, or actions of the shepherds. Alternative translation: “from the shepherds.” Or see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
159EXO2196gvbfigs-idiom​דָּלֹ֤ה דָלָה֙0The repeated word expresses surprise or emphasizes the magnitude of Mosess kind acts to the women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
160EXO220x73jfigs-possessionבְּנֹתָ֖י⁠ו0This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
161EXO220x9ybfigs-rquestionוְ⁠אַיּ֑⁠וֹ לָ֤⁠מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ0Why did you leave the man?These questions are a mild rebuke to the daughters for not inviting Moses into their home according to the normal hospitality of that culture. Alternate translation: “You should not have left this man at the well!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
162EXO220p6xhfigs-quotationsוְ⁠אַיּ֑⁠וֹ לָ֤⁠מָּה זֶּה֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ן אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֔ישׁ קִרְאֶ֥ן ל֖⁠וֹ וְ⁠יֹ֥אכַל לָֽחֶם׃0This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
163EXO220mb8wwriting-participantsל֖⁠וֹ0This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
164EXO220hal8figs-synecdocheלָֽחֶם0This term is used to refer to food in general. Alternative translation: “food.”(See: [Synecdoche](rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche))
165EXO221zvr1וַ⁠יּ֥וֹאֶל מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָ⁠שֶׁ֣בֶת אֶת־הָ⁠אִ֑ישׁ0Moses agreed to stay with the man“Moses agreed to live with Reuel”
166EXO221y3q7translate-namesצִפֹּרָ֥ה0ZipporahThis is Reuels (Jethros) daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
167EXO2214j8bfigs-possessionבִתּ֖⁠וֹ0This is a possessive of social relationship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
168EXO222l3xgfigs-quotationsגֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּ⁠אֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה0Only this portion is a quotation. The UST includes both speech events as one quotation as a possibility for clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
169EXO222n5b1translate-namesגֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם0GershomThis is Mosess son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
170EXO222f76mtranslate-namesגֵּרְשֹׁ֑ם0His name sounds somewhat like the Hebrew for “a stranger here.” You may consider using a footnote to explain that. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
171EXO222q7d8גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּ⁠אֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה0resident in a foreign land“stranger in a foreign land”
172EXO223fjktwriting-neweventוַ⁠יְהִי֩ בַ⁠יָּמִ֨ים הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֜ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם0This introduces a new section and series of events. A large amount of time went by. According to Stephens sermon in Acts 7:30 Moses was in Midian 40 years. Alternative translation: “This is what happened during the many days Moses was in Midian.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
173EXO2231kw0writing-backgroundוַ⁠יְהִי֩ בַ⁠יָּמִ֨ים הָֽ⁠רַבִּ֜ים הָ⁠הֵ֗ם0Verses 23-25 give a summary of what happened in Egypt and with the Israelites and God while Moses was in exile. It gives scene setting background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
174EXO223csg2וַ⁠יֵּאָנְח֧וּ0groanedThey did this because of their sorrow and misery. Alternate translation: “sighed deeply”
175EXO223x84afigs-personificationוַ⁠תַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛⁠ם0their pleas went up to GodThe cries of the Israelites are spoken of as if they were a person and were able to travel up to where God is. Alternate translation: “God heard their pleas” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
176EXO224sja4figs-idiom וַ⁠יִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙0God called to mind his covenantThis was a customary way of saying God thought about what He had promised. Alternate translation: “God remembered his covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
177EXO3intron6ze0# Exodus 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records one of the most important events in the history of the Israelite people: the revelation of the name Yahweh at the burning bush. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gods holiness<br>God is so holy that people could not look upon him without dying. This is why Moses covered his eyes. It is also why he took off his shoes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br><br>### Yahweh<br>The name Yahweh is sacred in the Hebrew religion. It is the personal name of God, which he revealed to Moses. It is by this name, he is known. Yahweh means “I am.” Some translations use all capitals to set this apart, “I AM.” Great care must be taken in translating the phrase “I am that I am.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Participants<br>“The angel of Yahweh,” “Yahweh,” and “God” all appear to be speaking to Moses and interacting with him from the burning bush. Furthermore, God says that his name is “I AM.” (See note above on Yahweh and I AM.) Yahweh and God are the the same while there is speculation about who the angel of Yahweh is.
178EXO31gqvhwriting-neweventוּ⁠מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה0This phrase brings the story focus back to Midian and Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
179EXO31oqcrwriting-backgroundוּ⁠מֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖⁠וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַ⁠יִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַ⁠צֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַ⁠מִּדְבָּ֔ר וַ⁠יָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָ⁠ה׃0Verse 1 provides immediate background context, setting the scene for Mosess interaction with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
180EXO31jv7bfigs-possessionצֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ0This is an ownership possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
181EXO311p00figs-possessionחֹתְנ֖⁠וֹ0This is a social possessive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
182EXO31l7x6figs-possessionכֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן0This is a possessive of social relationship. Jethro is a priest who serves the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
183EXO31v97tfigs-goוַ⁠יָּבֹ֛א אֶל0“and he arrived at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
184EXO31p27sfigs-possessionהַ֥ר הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים0This is an associative possessive. This mountain was associated with God in some way. In [Exodus 3:12](../03/12.md) God tells Moses that he & the Israelites will serve him on this mountain. Later in the story, this promise is fulfilled and it is where God makes his covenant with Israel and gives them the 10 Commandments. So it may have been called the mountain of God in retrospect (as Moses probably wrote this book sometime after the Israelites were wandering in the wilderness). However, it is possible that the mountain was already associated with Gods presence or worship somehow before Moses went there with the flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
185EXO32p0ntוַ֠⁠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ יְהֹוָ֥ה אֵלָ֛י⁠ו בְּ⁠לַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִ⁠תּ֣וֹךְ הַ⁠סְּנֶ֑ה0This is a summary of what happened, the next few verses tell the story of how this happened and how Moses discovered what was happening.
186EXO32x5ci​יְהֹוָ֥ה0YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
187EXO32d3tfgrammar-connect-logic-contrastוְ⁠הִנֵּ֤ה הַ⁠סְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּ⁠אֵ֔שׁ וְ⁠הַ⁠סְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥⁠נּוּ אֻכָּֽל0beholdThe word “behold” here shows that Moses saw something that was very different from what he expected. He expected the bush to be burnt up completely by the fire. Consider using an interjection in your language that expresses that the next thing is a surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
188EXO323bvbfigs-metonymyאֻכָּֽל0**consumed** means to eat completely until gone. In the case of fire, this is a metonym for burning completely until gone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
189EXO33fpwwfigs-quotationsאָסֻֽרָה־נָּ֣א וְ⁠אֶרְאֶ֔ה אֶת־הַ⁠מַּרְאֶ֥ה הַ⁠גָּדֹ֖ל הַ⁠זֶּ֑ה מַדּ֖וּעַ לֹא־יִבְעַ֥ר הַ⁠סְּנֶֽה0This is a direct quote. Its not specified who Moses spoke to, he may have been alone, or with a group of shepherds, or his family.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
190EXO34ue8vwriting-participantsיְהוָ֖ה... אֱלֹהִ֜ים0These terms both refer to the same being, Gods name is Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
191EXO3560ahfigs-quotationsאַל־תִּקְרַ֣ב הֲלֹ֑ם שַׁל־נְעָלֶ֨י⁠ךָ֙ מֵ⁠עַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔י⁠ךָ כִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י⁠ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא0This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
192EXO35prv9grammar-connect-logic-resultכִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י⁠ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּאכִּ֣י הַ⁠מָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עוֹמֵ֣ד עָלָ֔י⁠ו אַדְמַת־קֹ֖דֶשׁ הֽוּא0set apartThis is the reason Moses must stopping coming close to the burning bush and take off his sandals. Your language may need to put the reason before the commands as in, “The place on which you are standing, it is holy ground, so you must not come close to here. Take your sandals off from on your feet.”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
193EXO36sxk8אָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י⁠ךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב0the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of JacobAll of these men worshiped the same God. Alternate translation: “the God of your father, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob”
194EXO363qwafigs-quotationsאָנֹכִי֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אָבִ֔י⁠ךָ אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֣י יַעֲקֹ֑ב0This a direct quotation. The UST continues the quotation from verse 5 rather than including an additional “he said.” This may be more natural in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
195EXO36l5sy​אֱלֹהֵ֣י0your fatherPossible meanings are (1) “your ancestor” or (2) “your father.” If it means “your ancestor,” then the phrases following it clarify who “your father” refers to: it refers to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. If it means “your father,” then it refers to Mosess own father. It most cases it will be best to translate it as “father,” i.e. Amram, Mosess father.
196EXO36lfbbgrammar-connect-logic-resultוַ⁠יַּסְתֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ פָּנָ֔י⁠ו כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א מֵ⁠הַבִּ֖יט אֶל־הָ⁠אֱלֹהִֽים0Reason: **for he was afraid from staring toward God** Result: **And Moses hid his face* Some languages may need to put the reason before the result. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]] and [Exodus 33:20](../33/20.md))
197EXO37nl33figs-quotationsרָאֹ֥ה0This begins a quotation that goes through the end of [verse 11](../03/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
198EXO37xoz0figs-idiomרָאֹ֥ה רָאִ֛יתִי0The repetition of **see** expresses the intensity, certainly, or clarity of Yahwehs seeing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
199EXO37tpk0figs-possessionאֶת־עֳנִ֥י עַמִּ֖⁠י0There are two possessives here. 1) “affliction of ... people”: This is an event related possessive where the people are the objects of affliction. They are treated badly as slaves. 2) “my people”: this one is more difficult as it involves both ownership and social relationship possessive. God views his people as his possession and he is also in relationship with them as their God because they are descended from Abraham etc. - though at this time they may not know him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
200EXO37p3txfigs-metonymyמִ⁠פְּנֵ֣י נֹֽגְשָׂ֔י⁠ו0**Faces** refer to the whole person, or the presence of the person(s) who were oppressing the Israelites. If this image is used in your language you may translate it, if a similar image is used you may consider using it, if neither is the case you may omit *face* and translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
201EXO37xx7rנֹֽגְשָׂ֔י⁠ו0taskmasters“his oppressors”
202EXO37ofxtכִּ֥י0The conjunction is probably functioning modally here, intensifying the expression of Yahwehs knowledge. Your translation should express Yahwehs knowing with certainty or strength.
203EXO37mfn2figs-collectivenounsנֹֽגְשָׂ֔י⁠ו...מַכְאֹבָֽי⁠ו0These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronouns gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. Alternative translation: Change **him** to “them” or change **his** to “hers” or “its” (depending on grammatical gender of “people”.) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
204EXO37hkcjfigs-possessionמַכְאֹבָֽי⁠ו0This is an event related possessive where the people (as a group: **his**) are the subjects of anguish. Your translation should express that they are in deep mental and emotional distress (anguish) (implied: because they are treated badly as slaves). (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession\]\] and \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit\]\])
205EXO389ia8grammar-connect-logic-resultוָ⁠אֵרֵ֞ד לְ⁠הַצִּיל֣⁠וֹ׀ מִ⁠יַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם וּֽ⁠לְ⁠הַעֲלֹת⁠וֹ֮ מִן־הָ⁠אָ֣רֶץ הַ⁠הִוא֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּ⁠רְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ אֶל־מְק֤וֹם הַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְ⁠הַ֣⁠חִתִּ֔י וְ⁠הָֽ⁠אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ⁠הַ⁠חִוִּ֖י וְ⁠הַ⁠יְבוּסִֽי׃0Verse 8 contains Gods intended result from his acts of seeing and hearing expressed in both verses 7 and 9. You may need to expressly mark this, for instance by introducing verse 8 with something like “therefore,” and verse 9 with something like “again, because.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
206EXO38xy36figs-goוָ⁠אֵרֵ֞ד0God is figuratively expressing that he is descending from heaven to earth to intervene. God is always everywhere, but this means his special attention will be directed to this situation. Use whatever form of come or go is appropriate in your language for this. (See: \[\[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go\]\])
207EXO38nahbfigs-collectivenounsלְ⁠הַצִּיל֣⁠וֹ...וּֽ⁠לְ⁠הַעֲלֹת⁠וֹ֮0These pronouns refer to the Israelites as a group in the singular. This is a collective noun. Some languages may have to use plural pronouns. Others may have to match the pronouns gender to the grammatical gender of the word for **people** in their language. See what you did in the [previous verse](../03/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
208EXO388afvfigs-metaphorמִ⁠יַּ֣ד0Someones **hand** is a common metaphor for power and control. Use a similar image if your language has one. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
209EXO38djbzfigs-possessionמִ⁠יַּ֣ד מִצְרַ֗יִם0This is a possessive where the Egyptians are the subject of “the hand” which means power. The Egyptians use their power and control to oppress the Israelites. Use a phrase in your language that expresses the idea of a group of people having power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
210EXO38mqypfigs-parallelismאֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ טוֹבָה֙ וּ⁠רְחָבָ֔ה אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ0There are multiple levels of parallelism here. First, the statements, **to a good and wide land** and **to a land flowing with milk and honey** are in parallel with each other. Within each of those, **good** and **wide** are in parallel with each other and also **milk** and **honey** are in parallel with each other. Each of these levels is meant to reinforce and expand on one another. These are not examples of synonymous parallelism and each part of the statement should be translated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
211EXO38pxy8figs-metaphorאֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ0a land flowing with milk and honeyGod spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. If this metaphor makes sense in your language you may translate it, if your language has metaphors that mean a land is good for producing healthy livestock and good crops you may consider using those, if neither are the case you may translate the meaning. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
212EXO38dtz9​זָבַ֥ת0flowing with“full of” or “with an abundance of”
213EXO38q94ifigs-metonymyחָלָ֖ב0milkSince milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
214EXO38l1asfigs-metonymyוּ⁠דְבָ֑שׁ0honeySince honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215EXO39a2kfgrammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠עַתָּ֕ה0This functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
216EXO39tp2vfigs-exclamationsהִנֵּ֛ה0This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like “certainly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
217EXO39uup9figs-personification​צַעֲקַ֥ת0the shouts of the people of Israel have come to meHere the **cry** is spoken of as if it was a person who is capable of moving on his own. Alternate translation: “I have heard the cries of the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
218EXO39gwoufigs-abstractnounsהַ⁠לַּ֔חַץ0“I have seen how the Egyptians are oppressing them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
219EXO310y4m1grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠עַתָּ֣ה0This functions as a discourse marker expressing logical conclusion. “Therefore” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
220EXO311y8crfigs-rquestionמִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְ⁠כִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִ⁠מִּצְרָֽיִם0Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh…Egypt?Moses uses this question to tell God that Moses is not the right person for the job. Alternate translation: See UST (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
221EXO312xugffigs-youdualתַּֽעַבְדוּ⁠ן֙0If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural form here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
222EXO3138izvfigs-quotationsהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣⁠י מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ מָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ⁠הֶֽם0This is a direct quotation containing two second layer quotes within it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
223EXO313lqmsgrammar-connect-condition-hypotheticalהִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֣י בָא֮ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וְ⁠אָמַרְתִּ֣י לָ⁠הֶ֔ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם וְ⁠אָֽמְרוּ־לִ֣⁠י מַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ0Moses presents God with a hypothetical situation here. The three events (**go, say, say**) are part of one hypothetical event. You should translate this in a way that makes it clear that this is a future, not-yet-real event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical]])
224EXO313jq42הִנֵּ֨ה0This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. In this case, Moses uses it to introduce what he views as a probable future occurrence. Alternative translation: *when* or *if*.
225EXO3130n81figs-goבָא֮0Use *go* or *come* as makes most sense of Mosess hypothetical action of going from the mountain to where the Israelites are in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
226EXO313m9uyfigs-quotesinquotesאֱלֹהֵ֥י אֲבוֹתֵי⁠כֶ֖ם שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם0This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
227EXO313vfskfigs-quotesinquotesמַה־שְּׁמ֔⁠וֹ0This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
228EXO313bkeigrammar-connect-logic-resultמָ֥ה אֹמַ֖ר אֲלֵ⁠הֶֽם0Moses is asking God what he should do as a result of the hypothetical situation he presented. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
229EXO314cli8אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה0God said to Moses, “I AM THAT I AM.”This is Gods response to Mosess question about Gods name. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God said to Moses, Tell them that God says his name is, “I AM THAT I AM.”’”
230EXO314b6vkאֶֽהְיֶ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה0I AM THAT I AMPossible meanings are (1) this whole sentence is Gods name or (2) God is not telling his name but something about himself. By saying this, God is teaching that he is eternal; he has always lived and always will live.
231EXO314s62uאֶֽהְיֶ֖ה...אֶֽהְיֶ֑ה...אֶֽהְיֶ֖ה0I AMLanguages that do not have an equivalent to the verb “am” may need to render this as “I LIVE” or “I EXIST.”
232EXO314t745וַ⁠יֹּ֗אמֶר0This is still God speaking. It may make more sense to omit this in some languages.
233EXO31470gefigs-quotesinquotesאֶֽהְיֶ֖ה שְׁלָחַ֥⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶֽם0This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. It may also be possible to translate this as an indirect quotation, see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
234EXO315897bוַ⁠יֹּאמֶר֩ ע֨וֹד אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה0As God is still speaking, it may make more sense to omit this in some languages.
235EXO3157aoaכֹּֽה0This is the beginning of a direct quotation that goes all the way to [the end of chapter 3 at verse 22](../03/22.md). There are up to fourth layer quotations within this quotation as God tells Moses to tell the Israelite elders a specific message from God.
236EXO315l962figs-quotesinquotesיְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵי⁠כֶ֗ם אֱלֹהֵ֨י אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֛ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׁלָחַ֣⁠נִי אֲלֵי⁠כֶ֑ם זֶה־שְּׁמִ֣⁠י לְ⁠עֹלָ֔ם וְ⁠זֶ֥ה זִכְרִ֖⁠י לְ⁠דֹ֥ר דֹּֽר0This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. It may be possible to translate it as an indirect quotation, but you will need to be careful to correctly change the pronoun persons. Alternative translation: “You must tell the Israelites *that* Yahweh, the God of *their* fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, sent *you* to *them*. This is *his* name forever, and this is *his* memorial from generation to generation.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
237EXO315ixcbfigs-merismלְ⁠דֹ֥ר דֹּֽר0The repetition of **generation** means something like “to each and every generation,” which means for all people at all times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
238EXO316ec3vfigs-quotesinquotesיְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י אֲבֹֽתֵי⁠כֶם֙ נִרְאָ֣ה אֵלַ֔⁠י אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב לֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר0General Information:This begins a second layer quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It contains a third layer quotation that begins at **I have certainly** and also continues to the end of verse 17. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. The closing marks for both the second and third layer quotations should not be until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
239EXO316xqy9אַבְרָהָ֛ם יִצְחָ֥ק וְ⁠יַעֲקֹ֖ב0the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of JacobAbraham, Isaac, and Jacob were three of the Israelites ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
240EXO316dvszfigs-quotesinquotesפָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙ אֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠אֶת־הֶ⁠עָשׂ֥וּי לָ⁠כֶ֖ם בְּ⁠מִצְרָֽיִם0This begins a third layer quotation that continues until the end of [verse 17](../03/17.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer two layers. The closing marks for both the second and third layer quotations should not be until the end of verse 17. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]])
241EXO316efhhfigs-idiomפָּקֹ֤ד פָּקַ֨דְתִּי֙0The Hebrew word meaning **attend,** visit, or observe is repeated here for emphasis. This word often means God is coming to take action. Translate this phrase in a way that communicates Gods focused, caring observation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
242EXO316fv77figs-youdualאֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם0I have indeed observed youThe word “you” refers to the people of Israel. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
243EXO31655jmfigs-activepassiveהֶ⁠עָשׂ֥וּי0In some languages you may not be able to translate this as passive. Alternative translation: see UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
244EXO3164vgcfigs-metonymyבְּ⁠מִצְרָֽיִם0The phrase **in Egypt** is a metonym for the Egyptian oppressors. Alternative translation: “by the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
245EXO317c54kfigs-quotesinquotesאַעֲלֶ֣ה אֶתְ⁠כֶם֮ מֵ⁠עֳנִ֣י מִצְרַיִם֒ אֶל־אֶ֤רֶץ הַֽ⁠כְּנַעֲנִי֙ וְ⁠הַ֣⁠חִתִּ֔י וְ⁠הָֽ⁠אֱמֹרִי֙ וְ⁠הַ⁠פְּרִזִּ֔י וְ⁠הַ⁠חִוִּ֖י וְ⁠הַ⁠יְבוּסִ֑י אֶל־אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ0This is a fourth layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer three layers. Alternatively it can be translated as an indirect quotation, see UST. If you are using direct quotations, at the end of this verse you should have three closing markers. In English, it looks like **** (without spaces). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
246EXO317r8mgfigs-idiomאַעֲלֶ֣ה0Regardless of the geographic realities, to **bring up** does not primarily have a literal meaning. Rather it means to bring the Israelites into a better situation. God promised to bring them up from their low status as slaves, to a place where they would be the masters of a good land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
247EXO317pwn5figs-metaphor​אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ0a land flowing with milk and honeyGod spoke of the land being good for animals and plants as if the milk and honey from those animals and plants were flowing through the land. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” or “a land where milk and honey flow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
248EXO317za9lזָבַ֥ת0flowing with“full of” or “with an abundance of”
249EXO317rtr5figs-metonymy​חָלָ֖ב0milkSince milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
250EXO317msf8figs-metonymy​וּ⁠דְבָֽשׁ0honeySince honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
251EXO318cy2zfigs-idiomוְ⁠שָׁמְע֖וּ0This term often means “hear and do/obey.” Alternative translation: “heed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
252EXO318j24kwriting-participantsלְ⁠קֹלֶ֑⁠ךָ...אַתָּה֩0They will listen to youThe word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
253EXO3189na8figs-synecdocheלְ⁠קֹלֶ֑⁠ךָ0This means the elders will listen to the message Moses brings from God. Alternative translation: “to your message” or “to my message which you tell them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
254EXO318eep7figs-collectivenounsיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל0This is a collective noun that refers to all the Israelites. Alternative translation: “the Israelites” or “the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
255EXO318ot9rfigs-metonymyמִצְרַ֗יִם0Here **Egypt** refers to the Egyptian nation. Alternate translation: “of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
256EXO318idp7figs-youdualוַ⁠אֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם0General Information:If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
257EXO318i47ofigs-inclusiveעָלֵ֔י⁠נוּ...נֵֽלֲכָה...וְ⁠נִזְבְּחָ֖ה0These instances of **us** are exclusive, they include Moses, the elders, and all the Israelites, but exclude the king of Egypt. If your language makes this distinction verify that you used the correct form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
258EXO3184ealtranslate-numbersשְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת0“3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
259EXO319qf46figs-metonymy​וְ⁠לֹ֖א בְּ⁠יָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה0unless his hand is forcedThis can be stated in active form. The word “hand” is a metonym for the power of the owner of the hand. Possible meanings are (1) “only if he sees that he has no power to do anything else,” where the “hand” belongs to Pharaoh; where the “hand” belongs to Yahweh, (2) “only if I force him to let you go” or (3) “not even if I force him to let you go.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
260EXO320nuzxgrammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠שָׁלַחְתִּ֤י0God says that his stretching out his hand to strike Egypt will be a result of the king of Egypts stubbornness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
261EXO320yds5figs-metonymy וְ⁠שָׁלַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־יָדִ⁠י֙0I will reach out with my hand and attackHere **hand** refers to Gods power. Alternate translation: “I will powerfully attack” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262EXO320dzspfigs-metonymyמִצְרַ֔יִם0This refers to both the land and the people group, then by extension to Pharaoh as well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
263EXO320c9a3מִצְרַ֔יִם...בְּ⁠קִרְבּ֑⁠וֹ0Here **him** refers to Egypt as a collective.
264EXO3206dw3grammar-connect-time-sequentialוְ⁠אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֖ן0Here the sequential nature of these happenings is emphasized. Consider using a stronger sequential connective term than usual here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
265EXO320ay53writing-participantsיְשַׁלַּ֥ח0**he** refers to the king of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
266EXO320awxsfigs-youdualאֶתְ⁠כֶֽם0This refers to the Israelites. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
267EXO321btwcfigs-idiomחֵ֥ן...בְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם0This means that when the Egyptians see the Israelites (Hebrews) leaving Egypt, they will gladly help them (because they want them to leave so badly due to God's judgement.) **in the eyes of the Egyptians** is an idiom for the Egyptians feelings. If your language has the same or a similar idiom you can translate or use it, otherwise you can translate the meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
268EXO32182wffigs-possessionבְּ⁠עֵינֵ֣י מִצְרָ֑יִם0This is part-whole possessive, also possibly inalienable possessive if your language uses a different form of possessive for things you cannot lose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
269EXO321s45uהָֽ⁠עָם־הַ⁠זֶּ֖ה0“you”
270EXO321uz3cfigs-youdualתֵֽלֵכ֔וּ⁠ן...תֵלְכ֖וּ0If your language uses different forms of “you” depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
271EXO32119slfigs-goתֵֽלֵכ֔וּ⁠ן...תֵלְכ֖וּ0“leave” or “go out” or “come out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
272EXO321kt7bfigs-doublenegativesלֹ֥א תֵלְכ֖וּ רֵיקָֽם0will not go empty-handedThis phrase is used to emphasize the opposite meaning. Alternate translation: “will go with your hands full of good things” or “will go with many valuable things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
273EXO322w2avוּ⁠מִ⁠גָּרַ֣ת בֵּיתָ֔⁠הּ0any women staying in her neighbors houses**Sojourning** means living somewhere other than ones native land, usually temporarily. It is unclear both who the sojourning (visiting) women are and in whose house they are sojourning, leaving several possibilities. Most translations that make a decision about who they are identify both the temporary resident and her host home as Egyptian. This makes sense as the Israelites will be plundering the Egyptians. If it is possible to leave this ambiguous in your translation, that is best.
274EXO322474qfigs-youdualוְ⁠שַׂמְתֶּ֗ם עַל־בְּנֵי⁠כֶם֙ וְ⁠עַל־בְּנֹ֣תֵי⁠כֶ֔ם וְ⁠נִצַּלְתֶּ֖ם0Each of these is a plural **you.** If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a plural here. <br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])
275EXO4introkap50# Exodus 04 General Notes<br><br>## Potential Translation Issues<br>### Quotations<br>- There is a difficult transition between [4:4](../04/04.md) and [4:5](../04/05.md) because the quotation stops in the middle to inject a bit of narrative and when it resumes in [4:5](../04/05.md) the sentence seems incomplete (even if merged directly with the quotation fragment in [4:4](../04/04.md)).<br>- Yahwehs instructions to Moses are complex and there are up to fourth layer quotations in this chapter. Translators will need to decide if some of these need to become indirect quotations (if that is possible in their language) and use great care to use the proper quotation markings in the proper location.<br><br>### Order of events<br>- The order of events is not always clear. In [4:14](../04/14.md) Yahweh tells Moses that Aaron is coming to meet him, but Yahweh telling Aaron to go meet Moses in the wilderness is not recorded until [4:27](../04/27.md).<br>- The timing of the events in [4:18](../18/.md)-[4:27](../04/23.md), especially verse 18-19 & 27, in relation to the rest of the events of the chapter is unclear.<br><br>### Yahwehs attempt to kill someone<br>The encounter recorded from [4:24](../04/24.md) to [4:26](../04/26.md) is one of the strangest and most difficult passages in the entire book. Difficulties include:<br>- To whom do the pronouns refer? Masculine pronouns are used throughout the section, but there are two possible antecedents, Moses (who is not named in the narrative) and Zipporahs son (who was presumably also Moses son, but this is how he is referred to in this text, for why see below on why Yahweh did this). Most commentators believe the pronouns refer to Moses.<br>- Circumcision is described in fairly graphic detail. Different cultures will need to approach this differently. Some may have terms for circumcision, others may be comfortable translating mostly literally, others will need to use euphemisms or other strategies to translate. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]])<br>- The meaning of the phrase **a bridegroom of blood** (ULT) is unknown.<br>- Why did Yahweh attack Moses? Many commentators conclude that Moses had neglected to circumcise one of his sons because it displeased Zipporah and Yahweh was holding Moses responsible before he returned to lead the Israelites (who should have been circumcised). When Zipporah repented by circumcising the son herself and touching the foreskin to Moses feet, Yahweh relents. These conclusions should help inform translation but should not be made explicit in the text.<br><br>## *Study* concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses does not understand<br>Although Moses believes in Yahweh, he does not trust in him. This is because Moses lacks understanding. Moses tries to believe the things he is asked to do are done by his own power. Yahweh is trying to get Moses to trust that these are Yahwehs doing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Children of God<br>This chapter introduces the concept that the people group Israel is the chosen people of God and Gods firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/firstborn]])<br><br>### Yahweh hardened Pharaohs heart<br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this statement. There is debate over whether Pharaoh plays an active or passive role in the hardening of his own heart. Translators should simply follow the text. In Exodus 4-14 there are ten statements that Yahweh hardens Pharaohs heart, and ten statements that Pharaoh hardens his own heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
276EXO41j4ygוַ⁠יַּ֤עַן מֹשֶׁה֙ וַ⁠יֹּ֔אמֶר0if they do not believe**answered and said** is a Hebrew expression which does not convey any extra information. Unless your language naturally uses a similar structure, it is better to translate one verb and omit the other. In this case you could use the alternative translation: *Moses answered, “But...*
277EXO41b3xvfigs-quotationsוְ⁠הֵן֙ לֹֽא־יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ לִ֔⁠י וְ⁠לֹ֥א יִשְׁמְע֖וּ בְּ⁠קֹלִ֑⁠י כִּ֣י יֹֽאמְר֔וּ לֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖י⁠ךָ יְהוָֽה0This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
278EXO41netofigs-quotesinquotesלֹֽא־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֖י⁠ךָ יְהוָֽה0This is a second layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
279EXO41327jוְ⁠הֵן֙0This is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If there is not a good way to translate this term in your language, this term can be omitted from the translation, or you can use an alternate translation like, “Listen to me.”
280EXO4287dlwriting-participantsאֵלָ֛י⁠ו...וַ⁠יֹּ֖אמֶר0“Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])<br>
281EXO43zycdfigs-metonymyמִ⁠פָּנָֽי⁠ו0Here “face” figuratively represents the snake itself. Alternative translation: “from the snake.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
282EXO44g6bkוֶ⁠אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ⁠זְנָב֑⁠וֹ0take it by the tail“pick it up by the tail” or “grasp it by the tail”
283EXO44bzmpfigs-quotationsשְׁלַח֙ יָֽדְ⁠ךָ֔ וֶ⁠אֱחֹ֖ז בִּ⁠זְנָב֑⁠וֹ0This is a direct quotation that is interrupted by Moses obeying Yahweh. This is probably a tightly ordered sequence of events where Yahweh paused and then continued speaking immediately after Moses obeyed. The quote resumes in [verse 5](../04/05.md) and there is more discussion there about how to handle the resumption.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
284EXO44m86nוַ⁠יְהִ֥י לְ⁠מַטֶּ֖ה0became a staff“turned into a rod” or “changed into a staff”
285EXO45l4tnfigs-quotationsלְמַ֣עַן יַאֲמִ֔ינוּ כִּֽי־נִרְאָ֥ה אֵלֶ֛י⁠ךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב0This continues the direct quotation from the first part of [verse 4](../04/04.md). It may be more natural to reorganize verses four and five to keep the quote together. If you rearrange like this, Moses picking up the snake/staff should come after the full quotation. However it is better to do something similar to the UST which restates that Yahweh is speaking and provides some implied directives from Yahweh to make a complete sentence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
286EXO459iokwriting-participantsיַאֲמִ֔ינוּ...אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם0These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
287EXO45oqi5writing-participantsאֵלֶ֛י⁠ךָ0This refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
288EXO45jr8mאֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתָ֑⁠ם אֱלֹהֵ֧י אַבְרָהָ֛ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִצְחָ֖ק וֵ⁠אלֹהֵ֥י יַעֲקֹֽב0the God of their ancestors, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of JacobAbraham, Isaac and Jacob were three of their ancestors. They all worshiped the same God.
289EXO46ep52figs-exclamationsוְ⁠הִנֵּ֥ה0beholdThis word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
290EXO46pw7gfigs-simileכַּ⁠שָּֽׁלֶג0as white as snowThe word **like** (ULT) or **as** (UST) here is used to compare what Moses hand looked like. You may not have a word for snow in your language. If so, consider an alternative that describes something white. Alternate translation: “as white as wool” or “white like the sand on the beach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
291EXO47prr9figs-exclamationsוְ⁠הִנֵּה0This word is used to create an exclamation, showing surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
292EXO48wellfigs-personificationלְ⁠קֹ֖ל הָ⁠אֹ֣ת...לְ⁠קֹ֖ל הָ⁠אֹ֥ת0Here the signs are spoken of as if they had a voice with which they could speak. Alternative translation: “if they do not believe you, and they are not convinced that God has appeared to you by you showing them the first sign, then they will be convinced by you showing them the second sign.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
293EXO48gxlgwriting-participantsיַאֲמִ֣ינוּ...יִשְׁמְע֔וּ...וְ⁠הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ0These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
294EXO48lsb3יַאֲמִ֣ינוּ...וְ⁠הֶֽאֱמִ֔ינוּ0pay attention“acknowledge” or “accept”
295EXO49q82rwriting-participantsיַאֲמִ֡ינוּ...יִשְׁמְעוּ⁠ן֙0These pronouns refer either to the Israelites or to the Israelite elders. As God had instructed Moses to gather and speak to the elders, if you make this participant explicit elders is a better option, but be sure to do the same as you did in [verse 7](../04/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
296EXO410t8i9בִּ֣י0This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak.
297EXO410w12aלֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִ⁠תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ⁠שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם0have never been eloquent“have never been an excellent speaker”
298EXO410opesאִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים0This expression means “a man who uses words well,” in other words an eloquent man, who can speak well and convincingly.
299EXO410pk0lfigs-merismגַּ֤ם מִ⁠תְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִ⁠שִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם0This phrase simply means, “in the past.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
300EXO410wsl4figs-123personעַבְדֶּ֑⁠ךָ0Moses refers to himself as Gods servant to lower his status before God (and perhaps by doing to so make it argument of inability stronger). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
301EXO410bv64figs-doubletכְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּ⁠כְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן0I am slow of speech and slow of tongueThese phrases mean basically the same thing. Moses uses them to emphasize that he is not a good speaker. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
302EXO410zm3yfigs-metonymyלָשׁ֖וֹן0slow of tongueHere “tongue” refers to Moses ability to speak. Alternate translation: “unable to speak well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
303EXO411ks2mfigs-rquestionמִ֣י שָׂ֣ם פֶּה֮ לָֽ⁠אָדָם֒0Who is it who made mans mouth?Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the Creator who makes if possible for people to speak. Alternate translation: “I Yahweh am the one who created the human mouth and the ability to speak!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
304EXO411e1y6figs-rquestionמִֽי־יָשׂ֣וּם אִלֵּ֔ם א֣וֹ חֵרֵ֔שׁ א֥וֹ פִקֵּ֖חַ א֣וֹ עִוֵּ֑ר0Who makes a man mute or deaf or seeing or blind?Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who decides if people can speak and hear, and if they can see. Alternate translation: “I Yahweh make people able to speak, or hear, or to see, or to be blind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
305EXO411uq7jfigs-rquestionהֲ⁠לֹ֥א אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָֽה0Is it not I, Yahweh?Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he alone makes these decisions. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am the one who does this!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
306EXO412kkr1figs-metonymyוְ⁠אָנֹכִי֙ אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִם־פִּ֔י⁠ךָ0I will be with your mouthHere “mouth” refers to Moses ability to speak. Alternate translation: “I will give you the ability to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
307EXO413brerבִּ֣י0This word is used by a speaker to beg a superior to allow him to speak. See what you did in [verse 10](../04/10.md).
308EXO413s8nlשְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֖א בְּ⁠יַד־תִּשְׁלָֽח0In translating this phrase it is important to make clear that Moses is asking Yahweh to send **someone else**. He is not here accepting Yahwehs commission.
309EXO4138ta6figs-synecdocheבְּ⁠יַד0This phrase means “by a person.” The figure is of a person taking Yahwehs message in his hand to the Israelites and Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
310EXO414uy2vfigs-idiomוַ⁠יִּֽחַר־אַ֨ף0This is an idiom meaning that Yahweh is angry. Alternate translation: “Yahweh became angry” (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
311EXO414ifaxwriting-participantsוַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר֙0“Yahweh said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
312EXO414okkofigs-rquestionהֲ⁠לֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙ הַ⁠לֵּוִ֔י0Yahweh uses this rhetorical question to suggest an alternative to Moses. Alternative translation: “I know you have a brother, Aaron the Levite.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
313EXO414e0jsfigs-kinshipאָחִ֨י⁠ךָ֙0Aaron was three years older than Moses (see [Exodus 7:7](../07/07.md)), which may be important for translating “brother” in some languages. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
314EXO414y5edfigs-idiomדַבֵּ֥ר יְדַבֵּ֖ר0In Hebrew, the word **speak** is repeated. This means he speaks well. English cannot convey this by doubling so the meaning was translated in the ULT in this case. If your language can say something like “speaking speaks” to mean “speaks well,” consider it, otherwise translate the meaning similarly to the ULT or UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
315EXO4148q64הִנֵּה0This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. If your language has a term that functions in that way (“Listen!” or “Look!” or “Pay Attention!”), use it here.
316EXO414ettpfigs-goיֹצֵ֣א0Yahweh says Aaron is coming from Egypt to Midian to find Moses. He is probably on foot. Depending on the language the required form of go or come may vary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
317EXO4148kn8grammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠שָׂמַ֥ח0Aaron will be glad *because* he sees Moses. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST or alternative translation: “because he sees you, he will have joy in his heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
318EXO414ew4hfigs-metonymyבְּ⁠לִבּֽ⁠וֹ0he will be glad in his heartHere “heart” refers to inner thoughts and emotions. Alternate translation: “he will be very happy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
319EXO415u97ffigs-metaphorהַ⁠דְּבָרִ֖ים0put the words to say into his mouthWords here are spoken of as if they were something that can be physically placed in a persons mouth. Alternate translation: “give him the message that he is to repeat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
320EXO415q9cffigs-metonymyפִּ֨י⁠ךָ֙...פִּ֔י⁠הוּ0I will be with your mouthThe word **mouth** here represents Moses and Aarons choice of words. Alternate translation: “I will give you the right words to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
321EXO415v57xfigs-youdualאֶתְ⁠כֶ֔ם...תַּעֲשֽׂוּ⁠ן0with his mouthThese refer to Moses and Aaron. If your language uses different forms of you depending on the number of people addressed use a dual if you have one or if not use a plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-youdual]])<br>
322EXO416mnspfigs-simileלְ⁠פֶ֔ה 0This phrase compares Aaron to a mouth because he will be the one actually to vocalize to the Israelites and Pharaoh what Moses tells him. Alternate translation: “He will say what you tell him to say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
323EXO416gn5vfigs-simileתִּֽהְיֶה־לּ֥⁠וֹ לֵֽ⁠אלֹהִֽים0you will be to him like me, GodThe word “like” here means Moses would represent the same authority to Aaron as God did to Moses. Alternate translation: “you will speak to Aaron with the same authority with which I spoke to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
324EXO418j2ixwriting-participantsיֶ֣תֶר0Jethro is reintroduced as a participant in the narrative here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
325EXO418cbopfigs-goוַ⁠יֵּ֨לֶךְ0Because the setting has shifted back to Jethros home, some languages may need to use “come” here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
326EXO418b6mffigs-kinshipחֹֽתְנ֗⁠וֹ0father-in-lawThis refers to the father of Moses wife. Some languages may use a different term for the husbands or wifes father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-kinship]])
327EXO418wlitwriting-participantsוַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר0“and Moses said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
328EXO4187zkewriting-participantsל⁠וֹ֙0“to Jethro” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
329EXO41867yzfigs-metonymyאַחַ֣⁠י0“my relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
330EXO418gq2gfigs-idiomוְ⁠אֶרְאֶ֖ה הַ⁠עוֹדָ֣⁠ם0Later in the Bible we are told that Moses was in Midian for 40 years. Moses request may have been literal or an idiom that meant he wanted to know how they were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
331EXO418yay3figs-explicitלֵ֥ךְ לְ⁠שָׁלֽוֹם0This is a phrase of assent and blessing. It may be necessary for some languages to explicitly add, “Yes,” to the beginning of Jethros response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
332EXO419wwr8grammar-connect-time-sequentialוַ⁠יֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֤ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙0The timing and situation for Yahweh speaking to Moses here is not specified. Some conjecture that it was part of the narrative of the encounter with Yahweh from the previous verses but placed after his request to Jethro for an unknown reason. Another speculation is that Moses delayed returning to Egypt (either by his own choice, Yahwehs instructions, or someone else delaying him) and Yahweh came and told him again (the UST explicitly offers this optional translation). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
333EXO420fua6writing-participantsבָּנָ֗י⁠ו0Moses second son is not introduced until [18:4](../18/.04.md) but had already been born before they left Midian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
334EXO420zi5mwriting-participantsוַ⁠יָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָ⁠ה מִצְרָ֑יִם0It is clear from [verse 24](../04/24.md) and [25](../04/25.md) that his family went with him, so you may need to translate as “they returned.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
335EXO42047k5grammar-connect-time-sequentialוַ⁠יָּ֖שָׁב אַ֣רְצָ⁠ה מִצְרָ֑יִם0After the incident on the road in verses [24](../04/24.md)-[26](../04/26.md), Moses family is not mentioned again until [18:2](../18/02.md) which says that Moses sent them back, so a translation similar to the UST which only commits to the family starting on the way to Egypt may be better. This option has the further benefit of allowing for the several events that happen before Moses gets to Egypt. The ULTs **towards** is another way of giving space in the translation for the next several events. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential]])
336EXO4207e3sfigs-possessionמַטֵּ֥ה הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים0There are a few possible options for the meaning of this phrase mostly concerning the question of whether or not it is the same staff that Yahweh told him to take in [4:17](../04/17.md) or a different one and in what way does God possess this staff. If an explicit interpretation is made in the translation it would be best to do something like the UST, which references back to Yahwehs instruction in [4:17](../04/17.md). Optionally, you may further explicate Gods appointing the staff as his instrument to do miraculous works while in Moses hand, such as, “the staff God told Moses to take because God planned to work powerfully when Moses stretched the staff out.” Make sure your translation does not make people think the staff was a magic wand or shamans staff that had its own power, or power from Moses, or gave Moses the ability to command God. In every instance where miracles happened, God tells Moses to do something with the staff, Moses obeys, and then God causes a miracle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
337EXO421lva8figs-quotationsבְּ⁠לֶכְתְּ⁠ךָ֙ 0This begins a direct quotation that continues to the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It contains up to fourth layer quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
338EXO421oajfרְאֵ֗ה0Most translations and interpretations of this verb take it to mean something like, “see that you do”
339EXO4210gqffigs-metaphorכָּל־הַ⁠מֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְ⁠יָדֶ֔⁠ךָ0Here, the miracles are spoken of as if they were items Moses could carry. This may in part be because the three signs already given to Moses involved the use of his hand. Alternative translation: “all the wonders I have authorized you to perform” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
340EXO421kdsbfigs-metonymyלִ⁠פְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה0This time while, **before the face of,** still has the standard figurative meaning of *in the presence of,* it is a much more literal use here. Moses is to actually do the miracles in front of Pharaoh, in his sight. Alternative translation: “in Pharaohs sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
341EXO421ovmagrammar-connect-logic-contrastוַ⁠אֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק0Referring to himself in the opening of this sentence serves to emphasize a contrast in what might be expected and what will happen. Translate this in a way that clearly contrasts the performance of miracles before Pharaoh (which might be expected to lead to him releasing the Israelites) with what Yahweh says he will do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
342EXO421uvohfigs-idiomוַ⁠אֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔⁠וֹ0This is an idiom meaning that God will make Pharaoh resist listening to Moses. Alternative translation: “I will cause him to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
343EXO421bq9dfigs-synecdocheלִבּ֔⁠וֹ0will harden his heartHere **heart** refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
344EXO421uudzgrammar-connect-logic-resultוְ⁠לֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָ⁠עָֽם0Make it clear in translation that this is a result of God hardening Pharaohs heart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
345EXO422ftdeכֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה0This is the first of hundreds of occurrences throughout the Old Testament of a standard phrase used to introduce direct, authoritative instruction from Yahweh. It would be good for your team to have a standard way to translate this that makes it clear that the words that come next are directly from God. If your language has a standard way of introducing a new message from your leaders that alerts the hearers that these are the words of the leader, that would be a good phrase to consider.
346EXO422zb2efigs-quotesinquotesכֹּ֚ה0This begins a second layer quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br>
347EXO422teyyfigs-quotationsכֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה0The second layer quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “tell Pharaoh that Yahweh says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
348EXO422kud7figs-quotesinquotesבְּנִ֥⁠י0This is the beginning of a third layer quotation that continues until the end of [4:23](../04/23.md). It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])
349EXO4221od0figs-metaphorבְּנִ֥⁠י בְכֹרִ֖⁠י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃0Some languages may need to change the metaphor here into a simile. See UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
350EXO422pt4nfigs-collectivenounsיִשְׂרָאֵֽל0Israel is my sonThe word **Israel** here represents all the people of Israel as a group. It is important to keep the singular reference to Israel as son, rather than change it to something like, the Israelites are my children, because God is making a particular contrast here between his son and Pharaohs son. Some languages may not be able to use **Israel** as a collective noun and may need to choose a translation like, “the nation of Israel” or “the Israelite nation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-collectivenouns]])
351EXO4228oc8figs-metonymyיִשְׂרָאֵֽל0The Israelite nation is often referred to simply by the name of the patriarch. For alternative translation see: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/pt4n]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
352EXO423syarfigs-quotesinquotesשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֵ֔⁠נִי0This is a fourth layer quotation. It should be marked in some manner that distinguishes it from the outer layers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]])<br>
353EXO4230pc4figs-quotationsשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־בְּנִ⁠י֙ וְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֵ֔⁠נִי0The fourth layer quotation here may be a good one to translate as an indirect quotation in order to reduce the layers of quotations in this passage. Alternative translation: “...I told you to let my son go that he may serve me. But...” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
354EXO423k7mhfigs-metaphorבְּנִ⁠י֙0you have refused to let him goYahweh continues to metaphorically speak of Israel as **my son.** See what you did at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/22/1od0]]. Alternative translation: “the Israelite nation which is like a son to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
355EXO423u825figs-pronounsוְ⁠יַֽעַבְדֵ֔⁠נִי...לְ⁠שַׁלְּח֑⁠וֹ0The pronouns **he** and **him** agree with **son.** What you use may depend on how you translated son at [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/04/23/k7mh]]. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
356EXO4232g32הִנֵּה֙0This is used to draw attention to surprising information that follows. Alternative translation: “Know this”
357EXO423re11בִּנְ⁠ךָ֖ 0I will certainly kill your son, your firstbornThis refers to the actual son of Pharaoh.
358EXO424sp6hwriting-neweventוַ⁠יְהִ֥י0Yahweh met Moses and tried to kill himThis introduces a new event. Mark the transition in a natural way in your language. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
359EXO424p820writing-participantsוַ⁠יִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣⁠הוּ...הֲמִיתֽ⁠וֹ0Here, it is not clear who **him** refers to. Most commentators believe it refers to Moses, but it could refer to the son, though that is less likely. If it is necessary to choose for your translation, use Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
360EXO4243xy0writing-participantsהֲמִיתֽ⁠וֹ0Here, **he** refers to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
361EXO425m1latranslate-namesצִפֹּרָ֜ה0ZipporahThis is the name of Mosess wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
362EXO425sftgwriting-participantsצִפֹּרָ֜ה0Zipporah is introduced here as a new participant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
363EXO425a36htranslate-unknownצֹ֗ר0flint knifeThis was a knife with a sharpened stone blade. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
364EXO425nkxntranslate-unknownעָרְלַ֣ת0The**foreskin** is the retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the end of the penis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
365EXO425l6srfigs-euphemismלְ⁠רַגְלָ֑י⁠ו0to his feetIt is possible that the word **feet** may have been a more respectful way to refer to the genital area of the body. However, that possibility is not high enough that you should translate it either literally as genitals or with another euphemism meaning genitals in your language. If you have a word that means primarily feet or legs, but could in some cases also euphemistically mean genitals, you may consider it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
366EXO4253g3xfigs-quotationsכִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽ⁠י0This is a direct quotation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
367EXO425b2t3figs-metaphorכִּ֧י חֲתַן־דָּמִ֛ים אַתָּ֖ה לִֽ⁠י0you are a bridegroom to me by bloodThe meaning of this metaphor is unclear. It was probably a known saying in that culture. Alternate translation: “you are related to me by this blood” or “you are my husband because of blood” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
368EXO426ceqkgrammar-connect-logic-resultוַ⁠יִּ֖רֶף0As a result of Zipporahs action. Consider a conjunction or other form that expresses result as in the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])<br>
369EXO426o4ztwriting-participantsוַ⁠יִּ֖רֶף0“Yahweh relented” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
370EXO4264l5uwriting-participantsמִמֶּ֑⁠נּוּ0As in [4:24](../04/24.md) this could mean either Moses or the son, but most commentators think it is still Moses. The UST uses *anyone* to preserve ambiguity. Alternative translation: “from Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
371EXO426r8hjfigs-quotationsחֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים0This is a unique quotation because Zipporah probably does not speak again, rather the quotation refers back to her statement in [4:25](../04/25.md). Your language may handle this sort of quotation in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
372EXO426abmgfigs-quotationsחֲתַ֥ן דָּמִ֖ים לַ⁠מּוּלֹֽת0It is not clear if the quotation includes **because of the circumcision** or if that is a comment explaining the quotation. Translations are divided in where they end the quotation, but most exclude **because of the circumcision** and it is best to follow that unless a locally respected translation includes it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
373EXO427xk6bwriting-neweventוַ⁠יֹּ֤אמֶר0Yahweh said to AaronYou may want to add a word that marks the beginning of a new part of the story, as the UST does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
374EXO427qxpcwriting-participantsאַהֲרֹ֔ן0**Aaron** is introduced as a new participant. Some languages may mark this in some way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
375EXO427wy4nfigs-possessionבְּ⁠הַ֥ר הָ⁠אֱלֹהִ֖ים0at the mountain of GodSee how you translated this in [3:1](../03/01.md), consult this this note: [[rc://en/tn/help/exo/03/01/p27s]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
376EXO427tfn2translate-symactionוַ⁠יִּשַּׁק0This was a traditional way of greeting which showed love. You can make this explicit as the UST. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
377EXO428ad9xשְׁלָח֑⁠וֹ...צִוָּֽ⁠הוּ0These are a bit awkward to translate in English, so the UST adds more information. Other languages may not have the same difficulty.
378EXO428b429writing-participantsשְׁלָח֑⁠וֹ...צִוָּֽ⁠הוּ0he had sent him to sayThe words **he** refers to Yahweh, and **him** refers to Moses. Alternative translation: “Yahweh sent Moses...Yahweh commanded Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
379EXO429y8o3writing-neweventוַ⁠יֵּ֥לֶךְ0This begins a new event which you may need to mark in your translation with a transitional word like the USTs *When.* (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
380EXO430bm2xfigs-metonymyלְ⁠עֵינֵ֥י הָ⁠עָֽם0in the sight of the peopleThis means he did the signs so they could see them. Alternative translation: “in their sight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
381EXO430x1v3writing-participantsהָ⁠עָֽם0Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
382EXO4318n78writing-participantsהָ⁠עָ֑ם0Context suggests that **people** refers to the leaders gathered in [4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
383EXO431q1erפָקַ֨ד...בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל0had observed the Israelites“saw the Israelites” or “was concerned about the Israelites”
384EXO431g83atranslate-symactionוַֽ⁠יִּקְּד֖וּ וַ⁠יִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּֽוּ0they bowed their headsAlternative translations: “they bowed their heads in awe” or “they bowed down low in reverence.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
385EXO5introkea20# Exodus 05 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### A slaves work<br>The Egyptians were known for making their slaves do a lot of work. They were forced to make a specific number of bricks every day. In this chapter, the were required to not only make these bricks, but also to gather the straw in order to make these bricks.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Let my people go”<br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.<br><br>### Titles<br>The leaders are given different titles in this chapter. The ULT uses “taskmasters” and “foremen.” Many cultures will not have these types of titles. Generic expressions like “Egyptian leaders” and “Hebrew leaders” may be necessary.
386EXO51q9kn0After these things happenedIt is unclear how long Moses and Aaron waited until they went to see Pharoah.
387EXO51u2vt0festival for meThis is a celebration to worship Yahweh.
388EXO52cm2lfigs-rquestion0Who is Yahweh?Pharaoh uses this question to show that he does not recognize Yahweh as a legitimate god. Alternate translation: “I do not know Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
389EXO52v4c1figs-rquestion0Why should I…let Israel go?Pharaoh uses this question to state that he has no interest in obeying Yahweh or in letting the Israelites go to worship him. Alternate translation: “He is nothing to me and I will not let Israel go!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
390EXO52c653figs-metonymy0listen to his voiceThe words “his voice” represent the words God spoke. Alternate translation: “listen to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
391EXO53y9ip0God of the HebrewsThis is a term also used for the Israelites God or Yahweh.
392EXO53gfs5figs-metonymy0or with the swordHere “sword” represents war or an attack by enemies. Alternate translation: “or cause our enemies to attack us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
393EXO54kl1ifigs-rquestion0why are you taking the people from their work?Pharaoh uses this question to express his anger towards Moses and Aaron for taking the Israelites away from their work. Alternate translation: “stop distracting the people from doing their work!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
394EXO56zd4m0taskmastersEgyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
395EXO57p9nxfigs-you0you must no longer giveThe word “you” in these verses is plural and refers to the taskmasters and foremen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
396EXO510x4bi0taskmastersEgyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
397EXO510gb4dfigs-you0I will no longer give youThe word “you” is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
398EXO511xe4ifigs-you0you can find…your workloadThe word “you” is plural and refers to the Israelite people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
399EXO511w918figs-rpronouns0You yourselves must goHere “yourselves” emphasizes that the Egyptians will no longer help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
400EXO511g5vb0your workload will not be reducedThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must continue to make the same number of bricks as before”
401EXO512s9dkfigs-hyperbole0throughout all the land of EgyptThis is an generalization used to show the extra effort Israel made to meet Pharaohs demands. Alternate translation: “to many places throughout Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
402EXO512q7y70stubblethe part of a plant that is left over after harvest
403EXO513th6x0taskmastersEgyptians whose job was to force the Israelites to do hard work. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
404EXO514eq22figs-rquestion0Why have you not produced all the bricks required of you…in the past?The taskmasters used this question to show they were angry with the lack of bricks. Alternate translation: “You are not producing enough bricks, either yesterday or today, as you did in the past!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
405EXO515emq70cried out“complained”
406EXO516hsa60they are still telling us, Make bricks!Here “they” refers to the Egyptian taskmasters.
407EXO519l9d2figs-activepassive0when they were toldThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when Pharaoh told them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
408EXO520ve3z0palaceThis is a very large house that a king lives in.
409EXO521j3zpfigs-metaphor0you have made us offensiveThe Egyptians responded to the Israelites the same way they would respond to a foul odor. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to hate us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
410EXO521d592figs-metonymy0have put a sword in their hand to kill usHere “a sword” represents an opportunity to destroy enemies. Alternate translation: “have given them a reason to kill us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
411EXO522g4d5figs-rquestion0Lord, why have you caused trouble for this people?This question shows how disappointed he was that the Egyptians were treating the Israelites even more harshly now. Alternate translation: “Lord, I am sorry that you have caused this trouble for this people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
412EXO522w8t1figs-rquestion0Why did you send me in the first place?This question shows how disappointed Moses was that God had sent him to Egypt. Alternate translation: “I wish you had never sent me here!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
413EXO523v2k2figs-metonymy0to speak to him in your nameThe word “name” here represents the message of God. Alternate translation: “to give him your message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
414EXO6introwe5k0# Exodus 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Promised Land<br>According to the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham, Egypt is not the home of the Hebrew people. It is the Promised Land in Canaan. The people are to return home to their land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
415EXO61ece6figs-metonymy0my strong handThe word “hand” here represents Gods actions or works. Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416EXO63l81y0I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob“I showed myself to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob”
417EXO63m27pfigs-activepassive0I was not known to themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They did not know me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
418EXO65l3yc0groaningThis means making sad sounds because of pain and suffering.
419EXO66yv140say to the IsraelitesThis is a command from Yahweh to Moses. “Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites”
420EXO68g9ru0I swore“I promised” or “I said I would”
421EXO612k7hlfigs-rquestion0If the Israelites have not listened to me, why will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am not good at speaking?Moses asked this question hoping God would change His mind about using Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since the Israelites did not listen to me, neither will Pharaoh, because I am not good at speaking!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
422EXO614h1950the heads of their fathers housesHere “heads” refers to the original ancestors of the clan. Alternate translation: “the ancestors of the clans”
423EXO614wv89translate-names0Hanok, Pallu, Hezron, and KarmiThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
424EXO615c1nitranslate-names0Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and ShaulThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
425EXO616k64htranslate-names0Gershon…MerariThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
426EXO616m36ftranslate-numbers0137 years old“one hundred and thirty-seven years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
427EXO618alm8translate-names0Amram…UzzielThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
428EXO618qu41translate-numbers0133 years old“one hundred and thirty-three years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
429EXO620ti6qtranslate-numbers0137 years“one hundred and thirty-seven years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
430EXO621f3yrtranslate-names0Izhar…Korah…ZichriThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
431EXO622n7cltranslate-names0Uzziel…Mishael…SithriThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
432EXO623n1xhtranslate-names0Nadab…IthamarThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
433EXO625zvg2translate-names0PhinehasThis is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
434EXO625fck8figs-metonymy0These were the heads of the fathers housesThe word “heads” here represents family leaders. Alternate translation: “These were the leaders of the families” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
435EXO626ft6y0by their groups of fighting men“one tribe at a time” or “one family group after another”
436EXO630nf3wfigs-rquestion0I am not good…why will Pharaoh listen to me?Moses asks this question hoping to change Gods mind. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not good…Pharaoh will certainly not listen to me!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
437EXO7intror9we0# Exodus 07 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Miracles<br>When Yahweh had Moses perform miracles, Pharaohs men were able to copy these miracles. It is unknown how they were able to do this, but since it was not from Yahweh, they were probably done under some evil power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])<br><br>### Pharaohs hard heart<br>Pharaohs heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahwehs instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
438EXO71dn1s0I have made you like a god“I will cause Pharaoh to consider you as a god”
439EXO73dhi5figs-synecdoche0harden Pharaohs heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate translation: “will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
440EXO73vtt1figs-doublet0many signs…many wondersThe words “signs” and “wonders” mean basically the same thing. God uses them to emphasize the greatness of what he will do in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
441EXO74e2kvfigs-metonymy0put my hand onThe words “my hand” represent Gods great power. Alternate translation: “use my power against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
442EXO75npd6figs-metonymy0reach out with my hand onThe words “my hand” represent Gods great power. Alternate translation: “show my powerful acts against” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
443EXO77g7i5figs-ellipsis0Aaron eighty-three years old“Aaron was eighty-three years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
444EXO79jt9zfigs-quotations0When Pharaoh says to you, Do a miracle, then you will say to Aaron, Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake.This could be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh tells you to do a miracle, then you will tell Aaron to take his staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may become a snake” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
445EXO712u6np0swallowed up“ate up” or “devoured”
446EXO713g42ffigs-synecdoche0Pharaohs heart was hardenedHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
447EXO714d27rfigs-synecdoche0Pharaohs heart is hardHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh is stubborn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
448EXO715c5npfigs-explicit0when he goes out to the waterThe full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
449EXO716yqp70Say to him“Say to Pharaoh”
450EXO717j1ev0strike the water“hit the water”
451EXO719wxp20throughout all“in every part of”
452EXO720zy18figs-explicit0in the riverThe name of the river may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
453EXO722qdc7figs-synecdoche0Pharaohs heart was hardenedHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
454EXO724m6znfigs-hyperbole0All the EgyptiansThe word “all” here is a generalization that means “many.” Alternate translation: “Many of the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
455EXO8introww1y0# Exodus 08 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaohs hard heart<br>Pharaohs heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahwehs instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
456EXO83e7jffigs-explicit0The river“the Nile River” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
457EXO83ki530kneading bowlsThese are bowls in which bread is made.
458EXO88mhn30Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron“Then Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron”
459EXO89q3e40You can have the privilege of telling me when I should pray for you“You can choose when I will pray for you” or “You can choose the time I should pray for you”
460EXO815lv2nfigs-idiom0he hardened his heart“Pharaoh hardened his heart.” Here “hardened” means that he became stubborn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
461EXO815b47h0just as Yahweh had said that he would do“just as Yahweh had said Pharaoh would do”
462EXO819lk2kfigs-metonymy0This is the finger of GodThe words “finger of God” represent the power of God. Alternate translation: “This is the powerful work of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
463EXO819z1w2figs-synecdoche0Pharaohs heart was hardenedHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
464EXO820j5n80stand in front of Pharaoh“present yourself to Pharaoh”
465EXO820eqd20Let my people go“set my people free”
466EXO822mv8w0General Information:Yahweh continues to speak to Pharaoh through Moses.
467EXO824nd6efigs-activepassive0the land was ruined because of the swarms of fliesThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the swarms of flies devastated the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
468EXO826gy7dfigs-idiom0right before their eyesThis was a customary way of saying “in the presence of someone.” Alternate translation: “in their presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
469EXO826i7dyfigs-rquestion0will they not stone us?Moses asks this question to show Pharaoh the Egyptians would allow the Israelites to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: “they will certainly stone us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
470EXO829bf85figs-doublenegatives0you must not deal deceitfully any more by not letting our people goThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you must begin to deal truthfully with us and let our people go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
471EXO829hh4q0But you must not deal deceitfully“But you must not deceive us” or “But you must not lie to us”
472EXO832sb5lfigs-synecdoche0Pharaoh hardened his heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
473EXO9introhqw80# Exodus 09 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaohs hard heart<br><br>Pharaohs heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahwehs instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
474EXO91se3f0General Information:Yahweh continues talking with Moses about dealing with Pharaoh and bringing the Hebrew people out of Egypt.
475EXO92l7ldfigs-parallelism0if you refuse to let them go, if you still keep them backThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. They will emphasize to Pharaoh what will happen if Pharaoh does this. Alternate translation: “if you continue refusing to let them go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
476EXO93ume2figs-metonymy0then Yahwehs hand will be on your cattleThe word “hand” here represents Yahwehs power to afflict their animals with disease. Alternate translation: “then the power of Yahweh will afflict your cattle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
477EXO93tn3z0on your cattleThe word “your” here refers to all the people of Egypt who owned cattle.
478EXO94lp3tfigs-metonymy0Israels cattleHere “Israel” refers to the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
479EXO94fs25figs-metonymy0Egypts cattleHere “Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
480EXO95vqz20fixed a time“set a time” or “appointed a time”
481EXO96cx5ifigs-hyperbole0All the cattle of Egypt diedThis is exaggerated to emphasize the seriousness of the event. There were still some animals alive that were afflicted by later plagues. However, it may be best to translate this with the word “All.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
482EXO96gy7tfigs-metonymy0cattle of EgyptHere “Egypt” refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “the cattle belonging to the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
483EXO97puk50Pharaoh investigatedPharaoh collected facts about the situation.
484EXO97md840beholdThe word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw.
485EXO97j51jfigs-synecdoche0his heart was stubbornHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “he refused to change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
486EXO98brm60kilna furnace
487EXO99d2v30finevery small
488EXO99eyc70to break out on“to quickly appear on”
489EXO912p5m5figs-synecdoche0Yahweh hardened Pharaohs heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490EXO914n6wqfigs-rpronouns0on you yourselfThis means that even Pharaoh will be hurt by the plagues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
491EXO914hje30I will do this so that you may knowThe word “this” refers to the plagues that Moses had just told Pharaoh about.
492EXO915a3l8figs-metonymy0reached out with my hand and attacked youHere “my hand” refers to Gods power. Alternate translation: “used my power to strike you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
493EXO916nec7figs-metonymy0so that my name may be proclaimed throughout all the earthHere “my name” represents Yahwehs reputation. Alternate translation: “so that people everywhere will know I am great” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
494EXO917h3edfigs-metaphor0lifting yourself up against my peoplePharaohs opposition to letting Israel go to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if he was raising himself up as a barrier to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
495EXO918fnd20Listen!“Pay attention to the important thing I am about to tell you”
496EXO927fu9c0to summon“to call”
497EXO929ajz30Moses said to him“Moses said to Pharaoh”
498EXO929b787translate-symaction0spread my hands out to YahwehThis symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. Alternate translation: “lift up my hands and pray to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
499EXO930tn940honor Yahweh GodHonoring God involves obeying him and living in a way that shows how great he is.
500EXO931p1v80flaxThis is a plant that produces fibers that can be made into linen cloth.
501EXO931yu660barleyThis is a type of grain used for making bread; also used for cattle feed.
502EXO932jmq30speltThis is a kind of wheat.
503EXO933fa2jtranslate-symaction0spread out his hands to YahwehThis symbolic gesture accompanies prayer. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:29](../09/29.md). Alternate translation: “lifted up his hands toward Yahweh and prayed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
504EXO934ke5kfigs-synecdoche0hardened his heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate translation: “became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
505EXO935yxt8figs-synecdoche0The heart of Pharaoh was hardenedHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate translation: “Pharaoh became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
506EXO10intros5g10# Exodus 10 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaohs hard heart<br><br>Pharaohs heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahwehs instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people.
507EXO101w4pwfigs-metaphor0for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servantsYahweh speaks of making Pharaoh and his servants stubborn as if he were making their hearts hard. See how you translated “Yahweh hardened Pharaohs heart” in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
508EXO102zg4c0various signs“many different signs”
509EXO104ge67figs-imperative0listenThis word adds emphasis to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
510EXO105zu5r0hailHail is raindrops that freeze while falling from the clouds.
511EXO106ir5lfigs-activepassive0nothing ever seenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “nothing anyone has ever seen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
512EXO107uf8c0menaceA “menace” is someone who brings trouble or harm.
513EXO107xn8jfigs-rquestion0How long will this man be a menace to us?Pharaohs servants ask this question to show Pharaoh the extent of destruction in Egypt. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We cannot allow this man to continue to bring trouble to us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
514EXO107xdm5figs-rquestion0Do you not yet realize that Egypt is destroyed?Pharaohs servants ask this question to bring Pharaoh to recognize what he refuses to see. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should realize that Egypt is destroyed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
515EXO107c6prfigs-activepassive0that Egypt is destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that these plagues have destroyed Egypt” or “that their God has destroyed Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
516EXO1010hjc9figs-hypo0if I ever let you go and your little ones goPharaoh says this to emphasize that he would not let Moses take the children with them to worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
517EXO1011pkm4figs-activepassive0Then Moses and Aaron were driven out from Pharaohs presenceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Then Pharaoh drove Moses and Aaron out from his presence” or “Then Pharaoh had his servants drive Moses and Aaron out from his presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
518EXO1015b3h5figs-activepassive0so that it was darkenedThere were so many locusts that the land appeared to be dark. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they darkened the land” or “so that the land appeared dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
519EXO1017kd6d0this time“once again”
520EXO1017nn2bfigs-metonymy0take this death away from meThe word “death” here refers to the destruction by the locusts of all plants in Egypt, which would eventually lead to the deaths of people because there were no crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop this destruction that will lead to our deaths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
521EXO1019mdp50picked up the locusts“moved the locusts upwards”
522EXO1020dw1dfigs-synecdoche0Yahweh hardened Pharaohs heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
523EXO1021m38sfigs-metaphor0darkness that may be feltYahweh speaks of extreme darkness as if it is so thick that people can grasp it in their hands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “dense darkness that people can grasp with their hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
524EXO1026v9ucfigs-synecdoche0not a hoof of them may be left behindHere the word “hoof” refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we cannot leave behind a single animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
525EXO1027n588figs-synecdoche0Yahweh hardened Pharaohs heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
526EXO1027mv8t0he would not let them go“Pharaoh would not let them go”
527EXO1028lcz20Be careful about one thing“Make sure of one thing” or “Be certain of one thing”
528EXO1028te45figs-synecdoche0you see my faceHere the word “face” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “you see me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
529EXO1029h1jffigs-idiom0You yourself have spokenWith these words, Moses emphasizes that Pharaoh has spoken the truth. Alternate translation: “What you have said is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
530EXO11intropu3u0# Exodus 11 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaohs hard heart<br><br>Pharaohs heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahwehs instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>In the previous chapters, Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he demanded that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. In this chapter, the same wording is used to refer to Pharaoh “allowing” the Hebrew people to leave Egypt.
531EXO111i87hfigs-you0he will let you go from hereEach occurrence of the word “you” in this verse is plural and refers to Moses and the rest of the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
532EXO114kpb50midnightThis is the time of 12 am (at night) or 2400 hours.
533EXO115hv8k0All the firstborn…the firstborn of Pharaoh…the firstborn of the slave girl…the firstborn of the cattleThe “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring.
534EXO115k42h0who sits on his throneThis phrase refers to Pharaoh.
535EXO115hr1x0who is behind the handmill grinding it“who is grinding at the handmill” or “who is behind the handmill grinding grain”
536EXO118ria5figs-explicit0After that I will go outThis means that Moses and the people of Israel will leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “After that I will leave here” or “After that I will go out from Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
537EXO1110um4ufigs-synecdoche0Yahweh hardened Pharaohs heartHere “heart” refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
538EXO12introfd2f0# Exodus 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter are known as the Passover. They are remembered in the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Unleavened bread<br>The concept of unleavened bread is introduced in this chapter. Its significance stems from its connection to the events in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]])<br><br>### Ethnic segregation<br>The Hebrew people were to be separate from the rest of the world. Because of this, they separated themselves from other people groups. At this time, these foreigners were looked upon as unholy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
539EXO122z785figs-parallelism0For you, this month will be the start of months, the first month of the year to youThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that the month in which the events of this chapter take place will be the beginning of their calendar year. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
540EXO122uy4wtranslate-hebrewmonths0the first month of the yearThe first month of the Hebrew calendar includes the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. It marks when Yahweh rescued the Israelites from the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
541EXO124xzn3figs-explicit0If the household is too small for a lambThis means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. Alternate translation: “If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
542EXO124fu2g0the man and his next door neighborHere “the man” refers to the man who is the leader of the household.
543EXO126lz760twilightThis refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light.
544EXO127cjt70on the two side doorposts and on the tops of the doorframes of the houses“on the sides and top of the way into the house”
545EXO128jtn8figs-activepassive0Eat it with bread made without yeastThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Eat it with bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
546EXO128uxn60bitter herbsThese are small plants that have a strong and usually bad taste.
547EXO129ny3a0Do not eat it raw“Do not eat the lamb or goat uncooked”
548EXO1210ghk6figs-activepassive0You must not let any of it be left over until morningThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Do not leave any of it until the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
549EXO1211ks7d0beltThis refers to a strip of leather or fabric for tying around the waist.
550EXO1211nzw20eat it hurriedly“eat it quickly”
551EXO1211r789figs-explicit0It is Yahwehs PassoverHere the word “it” refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. Alternate translation: “This observance is Yahwehs Passover” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
552EXO1212sa5nfigs-abstractnouns0I will bring punishment on all the gods of EgyptThis can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I will punish all the gods of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
553EXO1213bxm9figs-explicit0for my coming to youThis implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate translation: “that I will see when I come to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
554EXO1213zt5dfigs-idiom0I will pass over youThe words “pass over” were a customary way of saying to not visit or enter. Alternate translation: “I will not enter your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
555EXO1215i9n3figs-metaphor0that person must be cut off from IsraelThe metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
556EXO1216bzj6figs-activepassive0an assembly that is set apart to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “an assembly that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
557EXO1216l7pjfigs-activepassive0No work will be done on these daysThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You will do no work on these days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
558EXO1216qr65figs-activepassive0That must be the only work that may be done by youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “That must be the only work that you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
559EXO1217r3qj0armed group by armed groupThe term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. Alternate translation: “division by division” or “regiment by regiment”
560EXO1218x8m90twilightThis refers to the time of evening after the sun has set but while there is still some light. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:6](../12/06.md).
561EXO1218m475translate-hebrewmonths0the fourteenth day in the first monthThis is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
562EXO1218uss3translate-hebrewmonths0the twenty-first day of the month“the twenty-first day of the first month.” This is near the middle of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
563EXO1219aej1figs-activepassive0no yeast must be found in your housesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there must not be any yeast in your houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
564EXO1219vy72figs-metaphor0must be cut off from the community of IsraelThe metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (2) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated “must be cut off from Israel” in [Exodus 12:15](../12/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
565EXO1220t17efigs-activepassive0bread made without yeastThis can be stated in active form. See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “bread which you have made without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
566EXO1221y9qt0summonedofficially called
567EXO1222qwv10hyssopa woody plant with small leaves that can be used for sprinkling liquids
568EXO1222c1cf0the top of the doorframe and the two doorposts“on the sides and top of the way into the house.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:7](../12/07.md).
569EXO1223uu61figs-synecdoche0pass over your doorHere the word “door” implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. Alternate translation: “pass over your house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
570EXO1224v7z50this eventThese words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.
571EXO1225l8ls0this act of worshipThese words refer to the Passover or Festival of Unleavened Bread. Observing the Passover was an act of worshiping Yahweh.
572EXO1227t779figs-explicit0He set our households freeThis means that Yahweh spared the Israelites firstborn sons. Alternate translation: “He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
573EXO1228r5cj0as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron“everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”
574EXO1229zm1l0at midnight“in the middle of the night”
575EXO1229uj6u0all the firstborn in the land of Egypt…all the firstborn of cattleHere, “firstborn” always refers to the oldest male offspring. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 11:5](../11/05.md).
576EXO1229il1d0who sat on his throneThis refers to Pharaoh.
577EXO1229g9z10the firstborn of the person in prison“to the firstborn of people in prison.” This refers to prisoners, in general, and not to a specific person in prison.
578EXO1230cfj8figs-abstractnouns0There was loud lamenting in EgyptThis can be stated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “All the Egyptians cried loudly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
579EXO1230gt4wfigs-doublenegatives0for there was not a house where there was not someone deadThis double negative emphasizes the positive. Alternate translation: “because someone was dead in every house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
580EXO1233j5u4figs-explicit0We will all dieThe Egyptians were afraid that they would die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. Alternate translation: “We will all die if you do not leave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
581EXO1234diw8figs-activepassive0Their kneading bowls were already tied up in their clothes and on their shouldersThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They had already tied up their kneading bowls in their clothes and on their shoulders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
582EXO1237n1ha0RamesesRameses was a major Egyptian city where grain was stored. See how you translated this in [Exodus 1:11](../01/11.md).
583EXO1237u81ltranslate-numbers0They numbered about 600,000 men“They numbered about six hundred thousand men.” The total number of men was about 600,000. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
584EXO1239x96c0bread without yeast in the dough“bread with dough that did not contain yeast”
585EXO1239pva6figs-activepassive0they had been driven out of EgyptThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Egyptians had driven them out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
586EXO1240qsi5translate-numbers0430 years“four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
587EXO1241d8yhtranslate-numbers0430 years“four hundred and thirty years” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
588EXO1241xlf40Yahwehs armed groupsThis refers to the tribes of Israel. See how you translated “armed group” in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md).
589EXO1242f3m6figs-activepassive0to be observed by all the IsraelitesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that all the Israelites were to observe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590EXO1242w6mj0all the Israelites throughout their peoples generations“all the Israelites and the all the generations of their descendants”
591EXO1243pby50No foreigner may share in eating itThe pronoun “it” refers to the Passover meal.
592EXO1244n9wn0every Israelites slave“any slave of an Israelite”
593EXO1244xat2figs-activepassive0bought with moneyThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom the Israelite has bought with money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
594EXO1246j242figs-activepassive0The food must be eaten in one houseThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Each Israelite family must eat the food in one house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
595EXO1246ycd90you must not break any bone of it“you must not break any of its bones.” Here the word “it” refers to the lamb which the Israelite family will eat.
596EXO1248h7k9figs-activepassive0all his male relatives must be circumcisedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone must circumcise all his male relatives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
597EXO1248hi4zfigs-idiom0the people who were born in the landHere the word “land” refers to Canaan. The expression “born in the land” means a person who is a native Israelite. Alternate translation: “those who are Israelites by birth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
598EXO1248f9tifigs-doublenegatives0no uncircumcised person may eatThis can be stated in positive terms. Alternate translation: “only circumcised people may eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
599EXO1250agw60as Yahweh had commanded Moses and Aaron“everything that Yahweh told Moses and Aaron to do”
600EXO1251e3z30It came aboutThis phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
601EXO1251tyj30by their armed groupsThe term used for these groups is a military term referring to a large number of soldiers. See how you translated “armed group” in [Exodus 12:17](../12/17.md). Alternate translation: “by their divisions” or “by their regiments”
602EXO13introg9qi0# Exodus 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter records the instructions for the celebration of Passover. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Law<br>The law mentioned here is not the law of Moses because it has not yet been revealed. Instead, it is a more generic “rule.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Let my people go<br><br>This is a very important statement. Moses does not ask Pharaoh for permission to “let go” of the Hebrew people. Instead, he is demanding that Pharaoh free the Hebrew people. When this chapter states that Pharaoh let the people go, it indicates that he gave them permission to leave.
603EXO132de3u0Set apart to me…every firstborn maleGod requires that every firstborn male child be set apart for him.
604EXO133nwq6figs-idiom0Call this day to mindThe words “Call…to mind” were a customary way of telling someone to remember something. Alternate translation: “Remember and celebrate this day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
605EXO133en1sfigs-metaphor0the house of slaveryMoses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
606EXO133yjy5figs-metonymy0Yahwehs strong handHere the word “hand” refers to power. See how you translated “strong hand” in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
607EXO133c6eefigs-activepassive0No bread with yeast may be eatenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not eat bread with yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
608EXO134y1f3translate-hebrewmonths0the month of AvivThis is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
609EXO135x89s0you must observe this act of worshipWhen the Israelites live in Canaan, they must celebrate the Passover on this day each year. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 12:25](../12/25.md).
610EXO136tf790General Information:Moses continues to speak to the people of Israel.
611EXO136vwy9translate-numbers0For seven days“For 7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
612EXO137n41mfigs-activepassive0Bread without yeast must be eatenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must eat bread without yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
613EXO137le33figs-activepassive0no bread with yeast may be seen among youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any bread with yeast among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
614EXO137c9krfigs-activepassive0No yeast may be seen with youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You may not have any yeast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
615EXO137dmv10within any of your borders“inside any of the borders of your land”
616EXO138qum9figs-quotations0On that day you are to say to your children, This is because of what Yahweh did for me when I came out of Egypt.The quotation can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “On that day you are to tell your children that this is because of what Yahweh did for you when you came out of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
617EXO139p21hfigs-parallelism0This will be a reminder for you on your hand, and a reminder on your foreheadThese are two different types of physical reminders so people will not forget something important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
618EXO139s7zgfigs-metaphor0a reminder for you on your handMoses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their hands to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your hand as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
619EXO139mru4figs-metaphor0a reminder on your foreheadMoses speaks of celebrating the festival as if it were tying an object around their foreheads to remind them of what Yahweh had done. Alternate translation: “like something you tie around your head as a reminder” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
620EXO139b6nyfigs-metonymy0so the law of Yahweh may be in your mouthThe words “in your mouth” here refers to the words that they speak. Alternate translation: “so you may always be speaking of the law of Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
621EXO139w5rmfigs-metonymy0strong handThe word “hand” here represents Gods actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
622EXO1311iqh50when he gives the land to you“when he gives the land of the Canaanites to you”
623EXO1313lwv50Every firstborn of a donkeyIsrael is given a choice to kill the firstborn donkey or buy it back with a lamb.
624EXO1314s8cmfigs-quotations0When your son asks you later, What does this mean? then you are to tell himThe first quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “When your son asks you later what this means, then you are to tell him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
625EXO1314qr7qfigs-metonymy0strong handThe word “hand” here represents Gods actions or works. See how you translated this in [Exodus 6:1](../06/01.md). Alternate translation: “the power I show in my works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
626EXO1314rcz7figs-metaphor0the house of slaveryMoses speaks of Egypt as if it were a house where people keep slaves. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:3](../13/03.md). Alternate translation: “the place where you were slaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
627EXO1316bse4figs-parallelism0become a reminder on your hands, and a reminder on your foreheadThis expresses two ways to remember the importance of the passover event. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 13:9](./09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
628EXO1317c3c20was nearby“was close to where they were located”
629EXO1317mzi70the people will change their minds…and…return to EgyptSince Israelites had lived in slavery all their lives, they were more accustomed to peace than to war and would rather return to slavery than fight.
630EXO1320xq5dtranslate-names0camped at EthamEtham is located south of the route heading towards the Philistines, at the border of the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
631EXO1321jnv80pillar of cloud…pillar of fire“a cloud in the shape of a column…fire in the shape of a column.” God is with them in a cloud by day and in a fire by night.
632EXO14introjq4u0# Exodus 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is an important event in the history of Israel, known as the “parting of the Sea of Reeds.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pharaohs hard heart<br><br>Pharaohs heart is often described as hard in this chapter. This means that his heart was not open or willing to understand Yahwehs instructions. When his heart was hardened, it became less and less receptive to Yahweh.<br><br>### Pharaohs chariots<br>These chariots were a fighting force. Pharaoh took an army to kill the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The Israelites asked a few rhetorical questions of Moses. These questions were not really directed at Moses, but at Yahweh. This showed their lack of faith in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
633EXO142mb4etranslate-names0Pi Hahiroth…Migdol…Baal ZephonThese are towns on Egypts eastern border. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
634EXO142c9r8figs-you0You are to campHere the word “You” is plural and refers to Moses and the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
635EXO143c81bfigs-quotations0Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, They are wandering in the land. The wilderness has closed in on them.This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh will say the Israelites are wandering in the land and the wilderness has closed in on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
636EXO143tz6jfigs-personification0The wilderness has closed in on themPharaoh speaks of the wilderness as a person who has trapped the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
637EXO144mm7j0General Information:Yahweh continues to instruct Moses on where to go and what Yahweh will do.
638EXO144dv62figs-synecdoche0I will harden Pharaohs heartHere “heart” refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
639EXO144tw2m0he will pursue them“Pharaoh will pursue the Israelites”
640EXO144d5x10I will get honor“People will honor me”
641EXO144ejn50The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh“The Egyptians will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God”
642EXO144dms1figs-activepassive0So the Israelites camped as they were instructedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the Israelites camped as Yahweh had instructed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
643EXO145t4cnfigs-activepassive0When the king of Egypt was toldThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone told the king of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
644EXO145nh6d0the king of EgyptThis refers to Pharaoh.
645EXO145it5s0had fled“had run away”
646EXO145k67bfigs-metonymy0the minds of Pharaoh and his servants turned against the peopleHere the word “minds” refers to their attitudes towards the Israelites. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh and his servants changed their attitudes about the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
647EXO145v236figs-rquestion0What have we done? We have released Israel from serving us.They asked this question to show they thought they had done a foolish thing. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We have done a stupid thing by letting Israel go free from working for us!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
648EXO147ry11translate-numbers0He took six hundred chosen chariots“He took 600 of his best chariots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
649EXO148a1r1figs-synecdoche0Yahweh hardened the heart of PharaohHere “heart” refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
650EXO149sb7xtranslate-names0Pi Hahiroth…Baal ZephonThese are towns on Egypts eastern border. See how you translated them in [Exodus 14:2](../14/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
651EXO1410s1xafigs-synecdoche0When Pharaoh came closeThe word “Pharaoh” here represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “When Pharaoh and his army came close” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
652EXO1410qcy10they were terrified“the Israelites were terrified”
653EXO1411vzw5figs-rquestion0Is it because there were no graves in Egypt, that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness?The Israelites ask this question to express their frustration and fear of dying. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “There were plenty of graveyards in Egypt for us to be buried in. You did not have to take us into the wilderness to die!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
654EXO1411x4n2figs-rquestion0Why have you treated us like this, bringing us out of Egypt?The Israelites ask this question to rebuke Moses for bringing them to the desert to die. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not have treated us like this by bringing us out of Egypt!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
655EXO1412itb2figs-rquestion0Is this not what we told you in Egypt?The Israelites ask this question to emphasize that this is what they had told Moses. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “This is exactly what we told you while we were in Egypt.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
656EXO1412ix25figs-quotations0We said to you, Leave us alone, so we can work for the Egyptians.This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “We told you to leave us alone, so we could work for the Egyptians.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
657EXO1413lat40Moses said to the peopleMoses responds to the Israelites fears.
658EXO1413rrd4figs-you0provide for youThe pronoun “you” refers to the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
659EXO1413h5n4figs-euphemism0For you will never see again the EgyptiansMoses used a polite way of saying God was going to destroy the Egyptian army. Alternate translation: “For God will kill the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
660EXO1415a727figs-rquestion0Why are you, Moses, continuing to call out to me?Moses apparently had been praying to God for help so God uses this question to compel Moses to act. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not call out to me any longer, Moses.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
661EXO1416t3e40divide it in two“divide the sea into two parts”
662EXO1417z5ub0Be aware“Know”
663EXO1417qd3lfigs-synecdoche0I will harden the Egyptians heartsHere “hearts” refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate translation: “I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
664EXO1417asz90so they will go after them“so that the Egyptians will go into the sea after the Israelites”
665EXO1420wgr40the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel“the Egyptian army and the Israelite people”
666EXO1420c4u50so one side did not come near the otherThis means that the Egyptians and the Israelites could not approach one another.
667EXO1421dfx50east windAn east wind originates in the east and blows towards the west.
668EXO1421hqx70eastwhere the sun rises
669EXO1421f9zhfigs-activepassive0the waters were dividedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh divided the waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
670EXO1422fky60on their right hand and on their left“on each side of them” or “on both sides of them”
671EXO1424iz9t0He caused panic among the EgyptiansPanic is when someone becomes so afraid that they cannot think normally.
672EXO1425qdp8figs-activepassive0Their chariot wheels were cloggedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Mud clogged their chariot wheels” or “Their chariot wheels were getting stuck in the mud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
673EXO1426p5ds0Yahweh said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand…and their horsemen.”This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Yahweh told Moses to reach out with his hand over the sea so that the waters would come back onto the Egyptians, their chariots, and their horsemen.”
674EXO1426w59j0come back onto“fall on”
675EXO1427wn3q0The Egyptians fled into the seaSince the sea was closing in on top of the Egyptians, instead of escaping, they were actually running right into the water.
676EXO1427h64r0Yahweh drove the Egyptians“Yahweh pushed the Egyptians” or “Yahweh threw the Egyptians”
677EXO1430e2lffigs-metonymy0out of the hand of the EgyptiansHere the word “hand” refers to power. Alternate translation: “from the Egyptians power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
678EXO1430p5zw0on the seashore“on the land along the edge of the sea”
679EXO15introni4b0# Exodus 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic songs in 15:1-18 and 15:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Yahwehs laws<br>In this chapter, Moses talks about Yahwehs laws. The law of Moses is about to be introduced. Although it has not yet been formally introduced, this is what is being referenced in this chapter in anticipation of the revelation of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])
680EXO151f5zr0General Information:This is a song about the events that happened in [Exodus 14:26-28](../14/26.md).
681EXO151kw29figs-explicit0he has triumphed gloriouslyIt can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
682EXO151f6uefigs-metaphor0the horse and its rider he has thrown into the seaMoses sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over the horse and rider” or “he has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
683EXO151cr5ufigs-genericnoun0the horse and its riderThis refers to all or many of the Egyptian horses and riders that were chasing the Israelites. Alternate translation: “the horses and their riders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
684EXO151ex3p0riderThis is a person who sits on a horse or travels in a chariot that a horse is pulling.
685EXO152pb23figs-metonymy0Yahweh is my strengthPossible meanings are (1) “Yahweh is the one who gives me strength” or (2) “Yahweh is the strong one who protects me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
686EXO152vk6lfigs-metonymy0songMoses calls Yahweh his song because Yahweh is the one he sings about. Alternate translation: “the one I sing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
687EXO152kbv7figs-metonymy0he has become my salvationMoses calls God his salvation because God saved him. Alternate translation: “he has saved me” or “he is the one who saves me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
688EXO153p1d5figs-metaphor0Yahweh is a warriorMoses calls God a warrior because God powerfully fought against the Egyptians and won. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is like a warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
689EXO154p8w6figs-metaphor0He has thrown Pharaohs chariots and army into the seaMoses sings about God causing the sea to cover Pharaohs chariots and army as if God had thrown them into the sea. Alternate translation: “he has made the sea cover over Pharaohs chariots and army” or “He has made Pharaohs chariot riders and army drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
690EXO155nqe4figs-simile0they went down into the depths like a stoneJust as a stone does not float but sinks to the bottom of the sea, the enemy soldiers sank to the bottom of the sea. Alternate translation: “they went down into the deep water like a stone sinking to the bottom of the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
691EXO156x1fzfigs-metonymy0Your right hand, Yahweh, is glorious in powerMoses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to Gods power or the things God does powerfully. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power is glorious” or “Yahweh, what you do is glorious in power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
692EXO156p1u6figs-metonymy0your right hand, Yahweh, has shattered the enemyMoses speaks of God as if God had hands. The right hand refers to Gods power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, your power has shattered the enemy” or “Yahweh, by your power you have shattered the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
693EXO156rmd4figs-metaphor0has shattered the enemyMoses speaks of the enemy as if it were fragile and could be shattered like glass or pottery. Alternate translation: “has completely destroyed the enemy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
694EXO157nd3tfigs-metaphor0those who rose up against youRebelling against God is spoken of as rising up against him. Alternate translation: “those who rebelled against you” or “your enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
695EXO157glq7figs-personification0You sent out your wrathMoses speaks of Gods wrath as if it were a servant that God sent out to do something. Alternate translation: “You showed your wrath” or “You acted according to your wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
696EXO157a5x7figs-metaphor0it consumed them like stubbleMoses speaks of Gods wrath as if it were fire that could completely burn up things. His enemies were completely destroyed like stubble in a fire. Alternate translation: “it completely destroyed your enemies like a fire that burns up straw” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
697EXO158ic8vfigs-personification0By the blast of your nostrilsMoses speaks of God as if God had a nose, and he speaks of the wind as if God blew the wind from his nose. Alternate translation: “You blew on the sea and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
698EXO159d8nkfigs-activepassive0my desire will be satisfied on themThis can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will satisfy my desire on them” or “I will take all I want from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
699EXO159sm77figs-metonymy0my hand will destroy themThe enemies speak of destroying the Israelites by the power of their hands as if it were their hands that would destroy them. Alternate translation: “I will destroy them with my hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
700EXO1510yrj5figs-metaphor0But you blew with your windMoses spoke about God making the wind blow as if God blew the wind through his nose or mouth. Alternate translation: “But you made the wind blow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
701EXO1510f7d3figs-simile0sank like lead in the mighty watersLead is a heavy metal that is commonly used to make things sink in water. The word “lead” here is used to show how fast Gods enemies were destroyed. Alternate translation: “sank as fast as lead in the deep turbulent waters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
702EXO1511wq2sfigs-rquestion0Who is like you, Yahweh, among the gods?Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: “O Yahweh, no one is like you among the gods!” or “Yahweh, none of the gods is like you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
703EXO1511pp57figs-rquestion0Who is like you,…doing miracles?Moses uses this question to show how great God is. Alternate translation: No one is like you. No one is majestic in holiness as you are, no one is honored in praises as you are, and no one does miracles as you do!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
704EXO1512cid8figs-metonymy0with your right handThe phrase “right hand” represents the strong power of God. Alternate translation: “with your strong power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
705EXO1512bkg2figs-metaphor0You reached out with your right handMoses speaks about God causing something to happen as if God reached out with his hand. Alternate translation: “With your strong power you made it happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
706EXO1512g7bvfigs-personification0the earth swallowed themMoses personifies the earth as if it could swallow or devour with its mouth. Alternate translation: “the earth devoured them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
707EXO1514zi1m0trembleThis means to shake because you are afraid.
708EXO1514uqf7figs-personification0terror will seize the inhabitants of PhilistiaMoses speaks of terror as if it were a person that could forcefully grab hold of someone and make them extremely afraid. Alternate translation: “the inhabitants of Philistia will be afraid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
709EXO1515ya48figs-metaphor0will melt awayMoses speaks of people becoming weak from their fear as melting away. Alternate translation: “will be weak from fear” or “will be afraid and faint” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
710EXO1516m1kt0Connecting Statement:Moses continues to sing about how the people of other nations will feel when they see Gods people.
711EXO1516nk67figs-doublet0Terror and dread will fall on themThese two words mean that fear will come upon them. Alternate translation: “Fear will come upon them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
712EXO1516fc8v0dreadDread is extreme fear or anxiety about something that is going to happen or might happen.
713EXO1516t2ypfigs-metonymy0Because of your arms powerGods arm represents his great strength. Alternate translation: “Because of your great strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
714EXO1516umm7figs-simile0they will become as still as a stonePossible meanings are (1) “They will be silent like stone” or (2) “They will be motionless as stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
715EXO1517n5i5figs-explicit0You will bring themWhere God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use “take” rather than “bring.” Alternate translation: “You will take your people to Canaan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
716EXO1517t6wgfigs-metaphor0plant them on the mountainMoses speaks about God giving his people the land to live in as if they were a tree that God was planting. Alternate translation: “settle them on the mountain” or “let them live on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
717EXO1517p7kb0the mountain of your inheritanceThis refers to Mount Zion in the land of Canaan.
718EXO1517ie26figs-metaphor0of your inheritanceMoses speaks about God promising to give his people the mountain forever as if he were giving it to them as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “that you have given them as an inheritance” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
719EXO1517ytz3figs-metonymy0that your hands have builtThe phrase “your hands” refers to Gods power. Alternate translation: “that you have built by your power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
720EXO1520g7s6translate-names0Miriam…AaronMiriam was the older sister of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
721EXO1520gam2translate-unknown0tambourineThis is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
722EXO1521f6m3figs-explicit0he has triumphed gloriouslyIt can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
723EXO1521hvu1figs-metaphor0The horse and his rider he has thrown into the seaMiriam sang about God causing the sea to cover and drown the horse and rider as if God had thrown them into the sea. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](../15/01.md). Alternate translation: “He has made the horse and rider drown in the sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
724EXO1522iw9nfigs-metonymy0Moses led IsraelThe word “Israel” represents the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “Moses led the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
725EXO1522c7petranslate-names0wilderness of ShurWe do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
726EXO1523a9pvtranslate-names0MarahWe do not know the exact locations of this place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
727EXO1524n64m0complained to Moses and said“were unhappy and told Moses” or “angrily told Moses”
728EXO1526l2hxfigs-123person0the voice of Yahweh your GodYahweh is speaking about his own voice. His voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “my voice” or “what I say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
729EXO1526sq5xfigs-metaphor0do what is right in his eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “do what Yahweh considers to be right”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
730EXO1526m4cnfigs-metaphor0I will put on you none of the diseasesGod speaks of causing people to have diseases as putting diseases on them. Alternate translation: “I will not cause any of you to have the diseases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
731EXO1527did8translate-names0ElimThis is an oasis in the desert, a place with water and shade trees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
732EXO1527ark9translate-numbers0twelve“12” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
733EXO1527p64ytranslate-numbers0seventy“70” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
734EXO16intronkd70# Exodus 16 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Complaints<br>The Israelites complained about the amount of food Yahweh gave them, even when he miraculously provided their food for them. This is intended to show their ungratefulness and their sinful view of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>### Prohibition against storing food<br>The people were not allowed to store the food, called manna, they were provided with. This is because they were to trust in Yahweh to provide for their needs every day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br><br>### Sabbath<br>This is the first recorded celebration of the Sabbath rest. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>### Ark of the covenant<br>Although the covenant has not yet been made, it is referenced in [Exodus 16:34](../../exo/16/34.md). This is probably done either in anticipation of the building of the ark or as an editorial comment made by Moses after these events. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
735EXO161gw67translate-names0wilderness of SinThe word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
736EXO161h44xtranslate-hebrewmonths0on the fifteenth day of the second monthThis time coincides with the end of April and the beginning of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “on day 15 of the second month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
737EXO162h938figs-hyperbole0The whole community of Israelites complained“All the Israelites complained.” This is a generalization. Moses and Aaron did not complain. Alternate translation: “The Israelites complained” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
738EXO162nx6f0complained“were angry and spoke”
739EXO163nwy60If only we had diedThis is a way of saying that they wished that they had died. Alternate translation: “We wish that we had died”
740EXO163g1n1figs-metonymy0by Yahwehs handThe phrase “Yahwehs hand” represents Yahwehs action. Alternate translation: “by Yahwehs action” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
741EXO164kls5figs-metaphor0I will rain down bread from heaven for youGod speaks of food coming down from heaven as if it were rain. Alternate translation: “I will make bread come down from heaven like rain” or “I will make bread fall to you from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
742EXO164i1xwfigs-metaphor0breadGod speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
743EXO164se28figs-metaphor0walk in my lawGod speaks of obeying his law as walking in it. Alternate translation: “obey my law” or “live according to my law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
744EXO164yew50my law“my command”
745EXO165p1f60It will come about on the sixth day, that they“It will happen on the sixth day that they” or “On the sixth day they”
746EXO165cl74translate-numbers0on the sixth day“on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
747EXO165t5il0twicetwo times
748EXO167zb21figs-rquestionמָ֔ה כִּ֥י תלונו0Who are we for you to complain against us?Moses and Aaron used this question to show the people that it was foolish to complain against them. Alternate translation: “We are not powerful enough for you to complain against us.” or “It is foolish to complain against us, because we cannot do what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
749EXO168v8rqfigs-metaphor0breadMoses speaks of the food that God will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
750EXO168pn4efigs-rquestion0Who are Aaron and I?Moses used this question to show the people that he and Aaron did not have the power to give them what they wanted. Alternate translation: “Aaron and I cannot give you what you want.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
751EXO168vdr8figs-explicit0Your complaints are not against us; they are against YahwehThe people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahwehs servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. Alternate translation: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
752EXO1610q4ax0It came aboutThis phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. The important event here is the people seeing Yahwehs glory. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
753EXO1610b6rp0beholdThe word “behold” here shows that the people saw something interesting.
754EXO1612g7xcfigs-metaphor0breadGod speaks of the food that he will send as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
755EXO1613aas80It came about…thatThis phrase is used here to mark an important part of the events. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
756EXO1613eu1xtranslate-unknown0quailsThese are small, plump birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
757EXO1614k5lbfigs-simile0like frostThe original readers knew what frost is like, so this phrase would help them understand what the flakes were like. Frost is frozen dew that forms on the ground. It is very fine. Alternate translation: “that looked like frost” or “that was fine like frost” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
758EXO1615n5e7figs-metaphor0breadMoses speaks of the food that God sent as if it were bread. The Israelites would eat this food every day, just as they had eaten bread every day before this. See how you translated it in [Exodus 16:4](../16/04.md). Alternate translation: “food” or “food like bread” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
759EXO1616v1c60Connecting Statement:Moses continues telling the people about the food that God was providing for them.
760EXO1616fqp9translate-bvolume0omer2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
761EXO1622nrx80It came about thatThis phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. Verses 16:22-30 tell about what the people did concerning the manna on the sixth and seventh days of the week. If your language has a way for marking this as a new part of the story, you could consider using it here.
762EXO1622xk6xtranslate-numbers0on the sixth day“on day 6” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
763EXO1622zj1u0twicetwo times
764EXO1622f4j90breadThis refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
765EXO1623wc4a0a solemn rest“a day to rest quietly and think seriously”
766EXO1624y4d90did not become foul“did not smell rotten”
767EXO1625pr1p0today is a day reserved as a Sabbath to honor Yahweh“today is a Sabbath and is to be used only for honoring Yahweh”
768EXO1626jv77translate-numbers0but the seventh day“but on day seven” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
769EXO1626hq5i0mannaThis was the name the Israelites gave to the bread that Yahweh caused to appear for them each morning.
770EXO1627qf140they found none“they did not find any manna”
771EXO1628q41d0General Information:Yahweh speaks to Moses, but the word “you” refers to the people of Israel in general.
772EXO1628e1vxfigs-rquestion0How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws?God used this question to scold the people because they did not obey his laws. Alternate translation: “You people still do not keep my commandments and laws!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
773EXO1628vnq70to keep my commandments and my laws“to obey my commandments and my laws”
774EXO1629p22lfigs-metaphor0Yahweh has given you the SabbathYahweh speaks about teaching people to rest on the Sabbath as if the Sabbath were a gift. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, have taught you to rest on the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
775EXO1629dt58translate-numbers0sixth day…two days…seventh day“day 6…2 days…day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
776EXO1629y8wf0breadThis refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
777EXO1631r1a5translate-unknown0coriander seedCoriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
778EXO1631vrl40wafersvery thin biscuits or crackers
779EXO1632nxa9translate-bvolume0omer2 liters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
780EXO1632g93h0breadThis refers to the bread that appeared as thin flakes on the ground each morning.
781EXO1633rtw7translate-bvolume0an omer“two liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
782EXO1636g8nstranslate-bvolume0Now an omer is a tenth of an ephahAn omer and an ephah are both containers for measuring volume. The original readers would have known how much an ephah was. This sentence would help them know how much an omer was. For languages that do not use fractions, this can be reworded. Alternate translation: “Now ten omers equal one ephah” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
783EXO17introf12q0# Exodus 17 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>Moses uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these questions is to convince people of their sin. Likewise, the peoples rhetorical question showed their ignorance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Wilderness of Sin<br>Sin is the name of a part of the Sinai Wilderness. It is not the description of a place, and it has nothing to do with sinning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
784EXO171h1litranslate-names0wilderness of SinThe word “Sin” here is the Hebrew name of the wilderness. It is not the English word “sin.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 16:1](../16/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
785EXO171j1fmtranslate-names0RephidimThis means “the resting place,” a place to rest on long journeys through the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
786EXO172hr9bfigs-rquestion0Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test Yahweh?Moses uses these questions to scold the people. Alternate translation: “You should not quarrel with me! You should not test Yahweh!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
787EXO173cz24figs-rquestion0To kill us and our children and our cattle with thirst?The people use this question to accuse Moses of wanting to kill them. Alternate translation: “You only brought us out here to kill us and our children and cattle by not letting us have any water to drink!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
788EXO177x5antranslate-names0Massaha place in the desert whose name means “testing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
789EXO177hw7ytranslate-names0Meribaha place in the desert whose name means “complaining” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
790EXO178rv14translate-names0RephidimThis was the name of a place in the desert. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
791EXO1710ca3gfigs-synecdoche0So Joshua fought AmalekJoshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate translation: “So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
792EXO1710wy51translate-names0HurHur was a friend of Moses and Aaron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
793EXO1711x5exfigs-synecdoche0Israel was winning…Amalek would begin to winThe words “Israel” and “Amalek” represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate translation: “the Israelite fighters were winning…the Amalekite fighters would begin to win” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
794EXO1712hxt8figs-metonymy0hands became heavyThe author writes of Moses arms becoming tired as if his hands became heavy. Alternate translation: “arms became tired” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
795EXO1713plp3figs-metonymy0with the swordThe sword represents battle. Alternate translation: “in battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
796EXO1714c5rlfigs-metaphor0I will completely blot out the memory of AmalekGod speaks of destroying Amalek as if he were removing peoples memory of Amalek. When a group of people is completely destroyed, there is nothing to remind people about them. Alternate translation: “I will completely destroy Amalek” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
797EXO1714jm77figs-metonymy0AmalekThis refers to the Amalekites. Alternate translation: Amalekites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
798EXO1716bw78figs-metonymy0a hand was lifted upPeople would raise their hand when they made a promise or pledge, so raising the hand represents making a promise. Alternate translation: “a promise was made” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
799EXO1716s86dfigs-activepassive0a hand was lifted upThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh lifted up his hand” or “Yahweh made a solemn promise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
800EXO18introt8g20# Exodus 18 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Leadership lessons<br>Jethro taught Moses an important leadership lesson in this chapter. Many scholars look at this chapter for important leadership lessons. Moses delegated some of his responsibilities to other godly men so that he would not become worn out by all the demands made of him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])
801EXO181nl860Moses father-in-lawThis refers to the father of the wife of Moses.
802EXO182zw6h0took Zipporah, Moses wifePossible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah.
803EXO182chy6figs-explicit0after he had sent her homeThis is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “after Moses had sent her home to her parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
804EXO183khs10and her two sonsThis is the ending of the sentence that begins with the words “Jethro…took Zipporah” in verse 2. Possible meanings are (1) Jethro took Zipporah and her two sons to Moses, or (2) Jethro had earlier welcomed back Zipporah and her two sons.
805EXO183k4mbtranslate-names0GershomThis is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “foreigner.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
806EXO184xi35translate-names0EliezerThis is a son of Moses and Zipporah, whose name means “God is the one who helps me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
807EXO184z2kmfigs-metonymy0Pharaohs swordThis represents being killed by Pharaoh or Pharaohs army. Alternate translation: “being killed by Pharaoh” or “being killed by Pharaohs army” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
808EXO185kpq9figs-activepassive0where he was campedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “where he camped with the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
809EXO187s5p2translate-symaction0bowed down, and kissed himThese symbolic acts were the normal way that people showed great respect and devotion in that culture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
810EXO188rkq2figs-metonymy0for Israels sakeThe word “Israel” represents the Israelite people. Alternate translation: “in order to help the Israelite people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
811EXO188a1rafigs-metaphor0all the hardships that had come to themMoses writes of hardships happening to them as if hardships had come to them. Alternate translation: “all the hardships that had happened to them” or “all the hardships they had experienced” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
812EXO189wp1pfigs-metonymy0the hand of the EgyptiansThe hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
813EXO1810nrv7figs-metonymy0the hand of the Egyptians…the hand of PharaohThe hand represents the power of someone to do something. Alternate translation: “the power of the Egyptians…the power of Pharaoh” or “what the Egyptians were doing to you…what Pharaoh was doing to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
814EXO1814bax5figs-rquestion0What is this that you are doing with the people?Jethro uses this question to show Moses that what he was doing was not good. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not be doing all of this for the people!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
815EXO1814b5wjfigs-rquestion0Why is it that you sit alone…from morning until evening?Jethro used this question to show Moses that he was doing too much. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not sit alone…from morning till evening!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
816EXO1814cfd1figs-metonymy0you sit aloneThe word “sit” here is a metonym for “judge.” Judges would sit while they listened to peoples complaints. Alternate translation: “you judge alone” or “you are the only one who judges the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
817EXO1818jtd20You will surely wear yourselves out“you will surely make yourselves very tired”
818EXO1818h91bfigs-metaphor0This burden is too heavy for youJethro speaks of the hard work that Moses is doing as if it were a physical burden that Moses was carrying. Alternate translation: “This work is too much for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
819EXO1819pug70you advice“you guidance” or “you instruction”
820EXO1819v8i9figs-metaphor0God will be with youJethro speaks of God helping Moses as if God would be with Moses. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will give you wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821EXO1819w4r8figs-metaphor0you bring their disputes to himJethro speaks of Moses telling God about their disputes as if Moses were bringing their disputes to God. Alternate translation: “you tell God about their disputes” or “you tell God what they are arguing about” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
822EXO1820w3vffigs-metaphor0You must show them the way to walkJethro speaks of living or behaving like walking. Alternate translation: “You must show them how to live” or “You must show them how to behave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
823EXO1821p2rq0Connecting Statement:Jethro continues speaking to Moses.
824EXO1821p5ap0Furthermore, you must choose“In addition, you must choose” or “You must also choose”
825EXO1821n936figs-metaphor0You must put them over peopleJethro speaks of giving them authority over people as putting them over people. Alternate translation: You must give them authority over people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
826EXO1821d2hvtranslate-numbers0leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and of tensPossible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
827EXO1822p4sr0routine cases“the simple cases”
828EXO1822y5n2figs-metaphor0the difficult cases they will bring to youJethro speaks of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they will tell you about” or “when there are difficult cases, they will tell you about them so you can judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
829EXO1822u42pfigs-metaphor0they will carry the burden with youJethro speaks of the hard work that they would do as if it were a burden that they would carry. Alternate translation: “they will do the hard work with you” or “they will help you do the hard work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
830EXO1823wyq4figs-explicit0endureWhat they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “endure the stress of the work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
831EXO1825n2wsfigs-metaphor0heads over the peopleMoses writes of the leaders of people as if they were the head of a body. Alternate translation: “leaders of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
832EXO1825tb18figs-explicit0capable menWhat they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “men who were able to lead” or “men who were able to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
833EXO1825iqn8translate-numbers0leaders in charge of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tensPossible meanings are (1) these numbers represent the exact amount of people in each group. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of groups of 1,000 people, groups of 100 people, groups of 50 people, and groups of 10 people” or (2) these numbers are not exact, but represent groups of people of various sizes. Alternate translation: “leaders in charge of very small groups, small groups, large groups, and very large groups” See how you translated this in [Exodus 18:21](../18/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
834EXO1826abx40judged the people in normal circumstances“judged the people most of the time” or “judged the peoples easy cases”
835EXO1826z7j4figs-metaphor0The difficult cases they brought to MosesThe author writes of telling Moses about the difficult cases as bringing him the difficult cases. Alternate translation: “the difficult cases they told Moses about” or “when there were difficult cases, they told Moses about them so that he would judge them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
836EXO1826ve8h0the small cases“the easy cases”
837EXO19introck7e0# Exodus 19 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### “A kingdom of priests”<br>The function of the priests was to intercede for the people. The Levites were the only priests in Israel; this is a metaphor indicating that the nation was to intercede for the world as a whole. They were also to be holy, or set apart, from the rest of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Revealing the Law<br>The events of this chapter are concerned with preparing the people to receive the law of Moses. The people go through all of this to prepare themselves for the law, which show the great importance of this event for Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])
838EXO191r5tjtranslate-hebrewmonths0In the third month…on the same dayThis means they arrived at the wilderness on the first day of the month just as they left Egypt on the first day of the month. The first day of the third month on the Hebrew calendar is near the middle of May on Western calendars. Alternate translation: “In the third month…on the first day of the month” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
839EXO191xw7p0had gone out from“had left”
840EXO192nk51translate-names0RephidimThis is an area on the edge of the wilderness of Sinai where the people of Israel had been camping. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:1](../17/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
841EXO193s2qtfigs-metonymy0the house of JacobThe word “house” here represents Jacobs family and descendants. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Jacob” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
842EXO193f4qw0the house of Jacob, the people of IsraelThe phrase “the people of Israel” explains what “the house of Jacob” means.
843EXO194z9i6figs-you0You have seenThe word “you” here refers to the Israelites. Yahweh is telling Moses what to tell the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
844EXO194b7phfigs-metaphor0I carried you on eagles wingsGod speaks of caring for his people while they traveled as if he were an eagle and carried them on his wings. Alternate translation: “I helped you travel like an eagle that carries her babies on her wings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
845EXO195th350obediently listen to my voiceObediently can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen to my voice and obey me”
846EXO195c767figs-metonymy0my voiceGods voice represents what he says. Alternate translation: “what I say” or “my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
847EXO195fh8e0keep my covenant“do what my covenant requires you to do”
848EXO195ifv60special possession“treasure”
849EXO196gm9sfigs-metaphor0a kingdom of priestsGod speaks of his people as if they were priests. Alternate translation: “a kingdom of people who are like priests” or “a kingdom of people who do what priests do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
850EXO197c5tqfigs-metaphor0set before them all these wordsThe author writes of Moses telling people things as if he were setting the words before them. AT “told them all these words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
851EXO197zqk10all these words that Yahweh had commanded him“all that Yahweh had commanded him”
852EXO198ljf5figs-go0Moses came to reportWhere Moses went can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Moses went back up the mountain to report” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
853EXO198rwx6figs-metonymy0the peoples wordsThe word “words” refers to what the people said. Alternate translation: “what the people said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
854EXO1910ie7y0you must set them apart to meThis probably means “tell them to dedicate themselves to me” or “tell them to purify themselves for me.”
855EXO1910j8910their garments“their clothes” or “what they are wearing”
856EXO1911d6tmfigs-you0Be readyThis was a command to the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
857EXO1912lg7u0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
858EXO1912d48p0set boundaries“make a boundary.” This was either a mark or some kind of barrier.
859EXO1912kis1figs-activepassive0Whoever touches the mountain will surely be put to deathThis can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “You must surely put to death any person who touches the mountain” or “You must surely kill anyone who touches the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
860EXO1912ibe70Whoever touches“Any person who touches” or “Anyone who touches”
861EXO1913l9ak0such a person“a person who does that” or “a person who touches the mountain”
862EXO1913k35kfigs-activepassive0he must certainly be stoned or shotThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly stone or shoot him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
863EXO1913vw190shotThis refers to being killed by someone who shoots arrows from a bow or stones from a slingshot.
864EXO1913ng410a long blast“a long, loud sound”
865EXO1915bw2pfigs-euphemism0do not go near your wivesThis is a polite way of talking about sleeping with their wives. Alternate translation: “do not sleep with your wives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
866EXO1916fvt80All the people…trembled“All the people…shook with fear”
867EXO1918m1b50Yahweh descended“Yahweh came down”
868EXO1918a8p70like the smoke of a furnaceThis shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire”
869EXO1918np1stranslate-unknown0furnacean oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
870EXO1919m8ae0grew louder and louder“continued to become louder and louder”
871EXO1919f5e6figs-metonymy0in a voiceThe word “voice” here refers to a sound that God made. Possible meanings are (1) “by speaking loudly like thunder” or (2) “by speaking” or (3) “by causing thunder to sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
872EXO1920v7mh0he summoned Moses“he commanded Moses to come up”
873EXO1921d2qmfigs-metaphor0not to break throughGod spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated “set bounds” in [Exodus 19:12](../19/12.md). Alternate translation: “not to go beyond the boundary” or “not to go through the barrier”(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
874EXO1924w8lx0get down“go down”
875EXO1924bk6pfigs-metaphor0break through the barrierGod spoke about walking past the boundary as if they might break down a barrier and walk through it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 19:21](../19/21.md). Alternate translation: “go beyond the boundary” or “go through the barrier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
876EXO20introx7vt0# Exodus 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The instructions recorded in this chapter are commonly known as the “ten commandments.”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>Yahwehs covenant faithfulness is now based on the covenant he made with Abraham as well as the covenant he is making with Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
877EXO202qg710house of slavery“place where you were slaves”
878EXO203r9h30You must have no other gods before me“You must not worship any other gods but me”
879EXO204rkn10nor the likeness“and you must not make the likeness”
880EXO205ka3i0You must not bow down to them or worship themThe word “them” refers to carved figures or idols.
881EXO205r6zh0jealousGod wants his people to worship only him.
882EXO205w4cs0punish the ancestors wickedness by bringing punishment on the descendantsGod will punish people for the sin of their parents.
883EXO205s2iatranslate-ordinal0to the third and the fourth generation“to generations 3 and 4.” This refers to the grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Alternate translation: “even on the grandchildren and great-grandchildren (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
884EXO206u9ncfigs-abstractnouns0I show covenant faithfulness to thousands of those who love meThe abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” Alternate translation: “I faithfully love thousands of those who love me” or “I am faithful to the covenant with thousands of those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
885EXO206yw38figs-explicit0to thousands of those who love meThe word “thousands” is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate translation: “forever to those who love me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
886EXO207t3k20take the name of Yahweh your God“use the name of Yahweh your God”
887EXO207gcz20in vain“carelessly” or “without proper respect”
888EXO207sl6gfigs-doublenegatives0I will not hold guiltlessThis double-negative can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I will certainly consider guilty” or “I will certainly punish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
889EXO208kwn70set it apart“set it apart for a special purpose”
890EXO209sad10do all your work“do all your usual duties”
891EXO2010t1kyfigs-metonymy0within your gatesCities often had walls around them to keep out enemies, and gates for people to go in and out. Alternate translation: “within your community” or “inside your city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
892EXO2011vw1ftranslate-ordinal0on the seventh day“on day seven.” Here “seventh” is the ordinal number for “7.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
893EXO2011s8ds0blessed the Sabbath dayPossible meanings are that (1) God caused the Sabbath day to produce good results, or (2) God said that the Sabbath day was good.
894EXO2014wyv90You must not commit adultery“You must not have sex with anyone other than your spouse”
895EXO2016zix80must not give false testimony“must not speak a false report” or “must not tell lies about someone”
896EXO2017vt9t0must not covet“must not strongly want to have” or “must not want to take”
897EXO2018swq30voice of the trumpet“sound of the trumpet”
898EXO2018nm520the mountain smoking“smoke coming from the mountain”
899EXO2018lmt50they trembled“they shook with fear”
900EXO2018h53m0stood far off“stood far away” or “stood at a distance”
901EXO2020slb80so that the honor of him may be in you, and so that you do not sin“so that you will honor him and not sin”
902EXO2021lts10Moses approached“Moses went closer to”
903EXO2022tq2f0This is what you must tell the Israelites“Tell the Israelites this”
904EXO2022r6jh0You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven“You have heard me speak to you from heaven”
905EXO2023hi910You will not make for yourselves other gods alongside me“You must not make idols as other gods instead of me”
906EXO2023qm440gods of silver or gods of gold“gods made out of silver or gold” or “idols made out of silver or gold”
907EXO2024pf1i0earthen altaran altar made of materials from the ground, such as stone, soil, or clay
908EXO2024ge89figs-metonymy0cause my name to be honoredHere “name” is a metonym for Gods being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “choose for you to honor me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
909EXO2026qm1b0You must not go up to my altar on steps“Do not build steps up to the altar and go up to it on those steps”
910EXO2026h2qd0your nakedness“your private parts”
911EXO21introdnd30# Exodus 21 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant with Moses<br>Although the covenant Yahweh made with Moses began in the previous chapter, it formally begins with the statement, “Now these are the decrees that you must set before them.” The law of Moses was a major part of this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>### Slavery<br>This passage does not condone slavery as an acceptable practice. However, it does impose some restrictions on the practice.<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and law of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was Gods chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
912EXO211b3g40General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
913EXO211hhf70you must set before them“you must give them” or “you must tell them”
914EXO212di5z0General Information:Yahweh tells Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
915EXO213ln3rfigs-explicit0If he came by himself, he must go free by himselfWhat “by himself” means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
916EXO213pfn30by himself“alone” or “without a wife”
917EXO213e4670if he is married“if he was married when he became a slave” or “if he came as a married man”
918EXO215yj8x0plainly says“clearly says”
919EXO215jqh40I will not go out free“I do not want my master to set me free”
920EXO216z8x10bore his ear through“put a hole in his ear”
921EXO216xpd30awla pointed tool used to make a hole
922EXO216k6ev0for life“until the end of his life” or “until he dies”
923EXO218p8se0has designated“has chosen”
924EXO218t2zffigs-activepassive0he must let her be bought backThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he must allow her father to buy her back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925EXO218bi4y0has no right to sell“has no authority to sell”
926EXO218h7f70he has treated her deceitfully“he has deceived her”
927EXO219w99z0designates her as a wife for his son“decides that she is the one who will be his sons wife”
928EXO2110rxk4figs-doublenegatives0he must not diminish her food, clothing, or her marital rightsThis can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “he must give the first wife the same food, clothing, and marital rights she had before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
929EXO2110q2gt0must not diminish her food“must not take away her food” or “must not give her less food”
930EXO2110np9bfigs-euphemism0or her marital rightsThis includes things that a husband must do for his wife, including sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “and he must continue to sleep with her as before” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
931EXO2112gks40strikes a man“hits a man” or “attacks a man”
932EXO2112su6bfigs-activepassive0that person must surely be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly execute that person” or “you must certainly kill that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
933EXO2113h4ka0did not do it with premeditation“did not plan to do it” or “did not do it on purpose”
934EXO2113gme9figs-explicit0I will fix a place to where he can fleeThe purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate translation: “I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
935EXO2114st5h0according to a cunning plan“after thinking carefully about it”
936EXO2114abx60must take himThe word “him” refers to the one who killed his neighbor.
937EXO2114bcc6figs-activepassive0so that he may dieThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you can kill him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
938EXO2115y3hdfigs-activepassive0Whoever hits his father or mother must surely be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone hits his father or mother, you must surely put him to death” or “You must surely kill anyone who hits his father or mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
939EXO2115qh2j0must surely“must certainly”
940EXO2116iu81figs-activepassive0that kidnapper must be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill that kidnapper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
941EXO2117h8qffigs-activepassive0Whoever curses his father or his mother must surely be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill anyone who curses his father or his mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
942EXO2118hk3cfigs-activepassive0is confined to his bedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “cannot get out of bed” or “has to stay in bed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
943EXO2119c7rv0he recovers“he gets better”
944EXO2119fa8t0staffThis is a stick that can be leaned on for support while walking.
945EXO2119xg6cfigs-explicit0the loss of his timeThis refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the time he could not work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
946EXO2119ws140pay for his complete recovery“pay his medical costs” or “pay for his costs for healing”
947EXO2120te410as a result of the blow“because of the injury” or “because his master hit him”
948EXO2120h4egfigs-activepassive0that man must surely be punishedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly punish that man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
949EXO2121r65ufigs-explicit0for he will have suffered the loss of the servantYou can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate translation: “because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
950EXO2122a6av0she miscarries“her baby dies in her womb” or “her baby is born too soon and dies”
951EXO2122cn4hfigs-activepassive0the guilty man must surely be finedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must certainly fine the guilty man” or “the guilty man must pay a fine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
952EXO2122v5ye0as the judges determine“what the judges decide”
953EXO2123x2ekfigs-explicit0you must give a life for a lifeThis means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “he must give his life for her life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
954EXO2124c5bqfigs-explicit0an eye for an eyeThis means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate translation: “his eye for her eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
955EXO2126i8cg0If a manHere “man” refers to the owner of a slave.
956EXO2126bmc10in compensation“as payment.” Compensation is what someone does for another person or gives to another person to make up for what he has caused that person to lose.
957EXO2128sp6w0an ox gores“an ox injures with its horns”
958EXO2128qk3ufigs-activepassive0the ox must surely be stonedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must stone the ox to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
959EXO2128q2gvfigs-activepassive0its flesh must not be eatenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must not eat its flesh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
960EXO2128d4lifigs-activepassive0the oxs owner must be acquittedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must acquit the oxs owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
961EXO2129nzn1figs-activepassive0its owner also must be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must also kill its owner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
962EXO2130t5rsfigs-explicit0If a payment is required for his lifeIf the oxs owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
963EXO2131kg250has gored“has injured with its horns”
964EXO2132qzv3translate-bmoney0thirty shekels of silver“330 grams of silver.” A shekel weighed eleven grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
965EXO2132wm9afigs-activepassive0the ox must be stonedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must kill the ox by stoning it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
966EXO2133fd4p0opens a pit“uncovers a hole in the ground” or “takes a cover off a hole in the ground”
967EXO2134b48afigs-explicit0repay the lossThe owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate translation: “pay the owner for the dead animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
968EXO2134j8qzfigs-explicit0will become hisThe one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “will belong to the owner of the pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
969EXO2135z9ug0divide its price“divide the money” or “divide the money they receive”
970EXO2136fkx2figs-activepassive0if it was knownThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if people knew” or “if the owner knew” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
971EXO2136v64b0a habit of goring in time past“had gored other animals before”
972EXO2136ix8hfigs-explicit0its owner has not kept it inThis means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “its owner did not keep it inside a fence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
973EXO2136dcv2figs-explicit0he must surely pay ox for oxThe owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
974EXO22introf9vb0# Exodus 22 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was Gods chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. In this chapter, the purpose of these laws often focuses on minimizing the peoples desire for vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])
975EXO221syx50General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
976EXO222mt43figs-activepassive0If a thief is foundThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If anyone finds a thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
977EXO222e98x0breaking in“using force to come into a house”
978EXO222gt5ffigs-activepassive0if he is struck so that he diesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if anyone strikes the thief so that he dies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
979EXO222fq570no guilt for murder will attach to anyone on his account“no one will be guilty of murdering him”
980EXO223vym50if the sun has risen before he breaks in“if it is light before he breaks in” or “if he breaks in and it is after sunrise”
981EXO223nl2i0guilt for murder will attach to the person who kills him“the person who kills him will be guilty of murder”
982EXO223f4w40make restitution“pay for what he stole”
983EXO223c5ylfigs-activepassive0he must be sold for his theftThis can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “you must sell him as a slave in order to pay for what he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
984EXO224k926figs-activepassive0If the stolen animal is found alive in his possessionThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If they find that he still has the live animal that he stole” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
985EXO224g5kg0pay back doublepay two animals for every animal that he took
986EXO225j24t0If a man grazes his livestock“If a man lets his animals eat plants”
987EXO225ty820it grazes“it eats plants”
988EXO225jrb30he must make restitution“he must pay back the owner of that field”
989EXO226x6aj0If a fire breaks out and spreads in thorns“If someone starts a fire and it spreads in thorns”
990EXO226i4ma0spreads in thorns“moves along the ground through dry plants”
991EXO226u1pa0stacked grainThis is grain that has been cut and tied in bundles. “bundled grain” or “harvested grain”
992EXO226r2cf0standing grainThis is grain that has not been cut, but it is ready to be harvested.
993EXO226w6ku0a field is consumed“fire consumes a field” or “fire destroys a field”
994EXO226j3980must surely make restitution“must certainly pay for the grain that the fire destroyed”
995EXO227jw3v0for safe keeping“to watch over it” or “to keep it safe”
996EXO227na9hfigs-activepassive0if it is stolenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone steals it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
997EXO227z7zu0thiefsomeone who steals something
998EXO227x2shfigs-activepassive0if the thief is foundThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if you find the thief” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
999EXO228lwg50come before the judges to see whether“come before the judges so that they can find out if”
1000EXO228f774figs-idiom0has put his own hand on his neighbors propertyThis is an idiom. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “has stolen his neighbors property” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1001EXO229p7ab0the claim of both parties must come before the judgesThe judges must listen to both people who claim that the item belongs to them and the judges will decide who is guilty.
1002EXO2211gl7tfigs-activepassive0an oath to Yahweh must be taken by them bothOnly the man who is accused of stealing the animal must swear the oath. The owner of the lost animal must accept the oath that has been sworn. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the man who was caring for the animal must swear an oath before Yahweh and the owner must accept that oath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1003EXO2212yw3wfigs-activepassive0But if it was stolen from himThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if someone stole the animal from him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1004EXO2213b313figs-activepassive0If an animal was torn in piecesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “But if a wild beast tore the animal in pieces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1005EXO2213pc6ifigs-activepassive0He will not have to pay for what was tornThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He will not have to pay for the animal that the wild beast destroyed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1006EXO2214h8yw0must surely make restitution“must certainly repay with another animal” or “must certainly pay the owner for the animal”
1007EXO2215g3zwfigs-activepassive0if the animal was hiredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone rented the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1008EXO2215r792figs-explicit0it will be paid for by its hiring feeThe one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1009EXO2215f9w90hiring fee“rental fee” or “money paid to rent the animal”
1010EXO2216a8s80a man seduces a virgin who is not engaged“a man persuades a virgin who is not engaged that she wants to sleep with him”
1011EXO2216th2m0not engaged“not promised to be married”
1012EXO2216g24hfigs-euphemism0if he lies with herLying with someone is a euphemism for having sex. Alternate translation: “if he has sex with her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1013EXO2216x33y0bride wealth“dowry” or “bride price”
1014EXO2217y2xz0him, heThese pronouns refer back to the man who seduced the virgin.
1015EXO2219y3qyfigs-euphemism0Whoever lies with an animalThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Whoever has sexual relations with an animal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1016EXO2220n4nhfigs-activepassive0Yahweh must be completely destroyedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you must completely destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1017EXO2221kr350wrong a foreigner“mistreat a foreigner” or “cheat a foreigner”
1018EXO2222djh3figs-doublenegatives0You must not mistreat any widow or fatherless childThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “You must treat all widows and fatherless children fairly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1019EXO2222v3i80widow“woman whose husband has died”
1020EXO2222l2ih0fatherless child“orphan” or “child with no parents”
1021EXO2224sx9hfigs-metonymy0I will kill you with the swordTo be killed “with the sword” is a metonym that means a person will die violently, or perhaps fighting in a war. Alternate translation: “you will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1022EXO2225v5je0a moneylender“one who lends money”
1023EXO2225g3ry0charge him interest“charge him extra money for borrowing” or “charge him extra money for the loan”
1024EXO2226vsk20garment in pledge“coat as collateral” or “coat as a guarantee to repay the loan”
1025EXO2227wi2m0only covering“only coat” or “only garment to keep him warm”
1026EXO2227x7zbfigs-rquestion0What else can he sleep in?This question adds emphasis. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: “He will have nothing to wear while he sleeps!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1027EXO2228eel20You must not blaspheme me, God“Do not insult God” or “Do not speak evil about God”
1028EXO2228tdj60nor curse a ruler“and do not ask God to do bad things to a ruler”
1029EXO2229p8nkfigs-doublenegatives0You must not hold back offeringsThis can be stated in a positive form. Alternate translation: “You must bring all of your offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1030EXO2229m4yq0give to me the firstborn of your sons“dedicate your firstborn sons to me”
1031EXO2230cya60do the same with“dedicate to me the firstborn of”
1032EXO2230j345translate-numbers0For seven daysThis can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “For 7 days after they are born” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1033EXO2230m4wqtranslate-numbers0the eighth dayThis can be written as a numeral. Alternate translation: “day number 8” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1034EXO2230l9vh0give them to me“dedicate them to me”
1035EXO23introhk5t0# Exodus 23 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Justice in society<br>The rules and laws of this chapter are not intended to be followed by every society. Israel was Gods chosen nation and was required to live in a special way. These laws concerned creating a just society and a holy nation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/elect]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>### Celebrations of feasts and festivals<br>The people of Israel were required to celebrate certain feasts and festivals. These were part of the law of Moses and some are described in this chapter. Their purpose was to worship Yahweh and to remember the great things Yahweh has done for them.
1036EXO231we1y0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1037EXO231y1a30dishonest witnessThis is the same as a lying or false witness.
1038EXO232nqz90nor may you bear witness“and you also must not speak”
1039EXO232z6ejfigs-metaphor0siding with the crowdThis is a metaphor that describes ones agreeing with a group of people as if he actually walked over and stood with that group. Alternate translation: “doing what the crowd wants” or “agreeing with the majority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1040EXO232tnv20pervert justicedo illegal or immoral actions that result in a unjust ruling
1041EXO234faf40General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1042EXO236gr9g0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1043EXO236z2al0Do not thrust aside justice for your poor in his lawsuit“Do not decide to treat a poor man unjustly in legal matters”
1044EXO236vh760lawsuitHere, this refers to any matter that a court decides.
1045EXO237mf4w0I will not acquit the wicked“I will not find the wicked not guilty” or “I will not say of wicked people that they are innocent”
1046EXO238gh3vfigs-personification0bribe blinds…pervertsHere a “bribe” is described as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “bribe discredits…undermines” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1047EXO239mzu90the life of a foreigner“the kind of life a stranger lives in a foreign land”
1048EXO2310usn50General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1049EXO2310rt7h0its produce“the food its plants produce”
1050EXO2311vr1l0unploweduncultivated, untilled
1051EXO2311b5q60fallowin its natural state, not used for to grow food
1052EXO2311s4wvfigs-explicit0so that the poor among your people may eatThe poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1053EXO2312v36j0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1054EXO2312ij920your ox and your donkey“your work animals”
1055EXO2312gpu1figs-activepassive0any foreigner may rest and be refreshedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any foreigner may rest and regain his strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1056EXO2313ldn80Pay attention to“Do” or “Obey”
1057EXO2313x5tffigs-metonymy0mention the names of other godsThis represents praying to other gods. Alternate translation: “pray to other gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1058EXO2314kp1j0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1059EXO2315bu7ntranslate-hebrewmonths0AvivThis is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1060EXO2315tx1vfigs-doublenegatives0not appear before me empty-handedHere understatement is used to emphasize that the Israelites must bring a suitable offering to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “come to me without a proper offering” or “always bring an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1061EXO2316tnz10General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1062EXO2316z4k40You must observe“You must honor” or “You must celebrate”
1063EXO2316pnx40Festival of IngatheringThis festival celebrated the final harvesting of all the crops for the year.
1064EXO2317t5xjfigs-explicit0All your males must appear before the Lord YahwehHere to “appear” means to gather for worship. Alternate translation: “All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1065EXO2318rqs40General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1066EXO2318qgx10fat from the sacrificesThe fat was burned as an offering to Yahweh and was never eaten.
1067EXO2319h3gs0the choicest firstfruits“the best and first produce of the harvest”
1068EXO2319u7bk0You must not boil a young goat in its mothers milkThis was a magical fertility practice among the Canaanites, which the Israelites were not permitted to participate in.
1069EXO2320e5sr0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1070EXO2321pm7x0Be attentive to him“Listen to him”
1071EXO2321p5y30Do not provoke him, for he will not pardon“If you provoke him, he will not pardon”
1072EXO2321p4jvfigs-metonymy0My name is on himHere “name” refers to Gods authority. Alternate translation: “He has my authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1073EXO2322z1gnfigs-metonymy0If you indeed obey his voiceHere “voice” represents what the angel says. Alternate translation: “If you carefully obey what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1074EXO2322y9bmfigs-parallelism0an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversariesThese two phrases mean the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1075EXO2323ap6k0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1076EXO2324a1d5figs-explicit0You must not…do as they doThe Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate translation: “You must not…live as the people who worship those gods” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1077EXO2325t3irfigs-merism0he will bless your bread and waterThis is a merism that means food and drink. Alternate translation: “he will bless your food and drink” or “he will bless you by giving you food and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1078EXO2325ydl4figs-123person0he will bless…I will removeYahweh switched between the first and third pronoun to refer to himself. Here both “he” and “I” refer to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1079EXO2326i9uj0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1080EXO2326q4gzfigs-doublenegatives0No woman will be barren or will miscarry her young in your landThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Every woman will be able to become pregnant and give birth to healthy babies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1081EXO2326i1r90miscarryto have a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly
1082EXO2328cg7i0hornetsa flying insect that can sting people and cause pain
1083EXO2329i9aq0or the land would become abandoned“because no one would be living in the land”
1084EXO2330zyl30General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses his laws for the people of Israel.
1085EXO2333d1fpfigs-metaphor0this will surely become a trap for youThis means worshiping other gods will lead the people of Israel to certain destruction as if they were an animal caught in a hunters trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1086EXO24introb83l0# Exodus 24 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Moses covenant<br>The people of Israel promise to obey the covenant Yahweh made with Moses. Their continued blessings were contingent upon their obedience to this covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])<br><br>### Gods holiness<br>Because Yahweh is perfectly holy, he can only be approached in a certain way. Because of this, only Moses was allowed near Yahweh. This is also why Yahweh is described as a “devouring fire.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1087EXO241c97itranslate-names0Nadab…AbihuThese are mens names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1088EXO241nm3ttranslate-numbers0seventy of Israels elders“70 of Israels elders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1089EXO243cg32figs-idiom0with one voiceThis is an idiom that means the people were in complete agreement. Alternate translation: “together” or “in agreement” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1090EXO244h7gg0foot of the mountain“base of the mountain” or “bottom of the mountain”
1091EXO246l5ia0Moses took half of the blood and put it into basinsMoses collected half of the blood in basins in order to splash it on the people in [Exodus 24:8](../24/08.md). This would confirm the peoples participation in the covenant between the people of Israel and God.
1092EXO246f7dh0he sprinkled the other half onto the altarHere the altar represents God. This would confirm Gods participation in the covenant between God and the people of Israel.
1093EXO247axt9figs-activepassive0We will be obedientThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “We will obey everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1094EXO248h9fffigs-explicit0Then Moses took the bloodThis refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1095EXO249uz7ytranslate-names0Nadab…AbihuThese are mens names. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1096EXO2410ic4sfigs-personification0Under his feetThis speaks of God as if he had human feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1097EXO2410je5k0a pavement made of sapphire stone“a pavement made of blue stones called sapphires”
1098EXO2410q8sn0pavementa hard surface for walking or riding
1099EXO2410pm87translate-unknown0sapphire stoneThis is a gemstone that is blue in color. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1100EXO2410zd6ufigs-simile0as clear as the sky itselfThis is a simile. Alternate translation: “as clear as the sky is when there are no clouds” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1101EXO2411jds6figs-metonymy0God did not lay a hand on the Israelite leadersThis means that God did not harm the leaders. Alternate translation: “God did not harm the Israelite leaders” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1102EXO2412dx4ffigs-explicit0tablets of stone and the law and commandmentsGod had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1103EXO2413gv5e0with his assistant Joshua“with Joshua who assisted him” or “with Joshua who helped him”
1104EXO2414qiy40wait for us“wait for Joshua and me”
1105EXO2414uc7rtranslate-names0HurHur was a man who was a friend of Moses and Aaron. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 17:10](../17/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1106EXO2416j2s5figs-metonymy0Yahwehs gloryThis was the brilliant light of Gods presence. Alternate translation: “The brilliant light showing Gods presence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1107EXO2417e4n6figs-simile0like a devouring fireThis means the glory of Yahweh was very large and seemed to burn brightly like a fire. Alternate translation: “like a big fire burning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1108EXO2417k5ljfigs-metaphor0in the eyes of the IsraelitesTheir eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents their thoughts or judgment about they saw. Alternate translation: “to the Israelites” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1109EXO2418h1wytranslate-numbers0forty days and forty nights“40 days and 40 nights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1110EXO25introt23a0# Exodus 25 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1111EXO252r5yrfigs-idiom0who is motivated by a willing heartThis is an idiom that indicates a persons desire to give an offering. Alternate translation: “who wants to give an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1112EXO252k78qfigs-you0You must receiveThe word “you” refers to Moses and the leaders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1113EXO253s2ls0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1114EXO254c1qn0blue, purple, and scarlet materialPossible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
1115EXO254c9580scarletbright red
1116EXO256i6gptranslate-unknown0spicesdried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1117EXO257mg4ftranslate-unknown0onyxa valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1118EXO257aks5figs-activepassive0precious stones to be setThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “precious stones for someone to set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1119EXO257c3hk0precious stones“valuable gems” or “treasured gems”
1120EXO258d3vm0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1121EXO259w4sc0tabernacleHere this word means the same thing as the word “sanctuary” in verse 8.
1122EXO259c9qefigs-you0You must make itHere “you” is plural and refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1123EXO259m1npfigs-you0show you in the plans“show you in the design” or “show you in the pattern.” Here “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1124EXO2510n7j10General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1125EXO2510cs23translate-bdistance0two and a half cubits…one cubit and a halfA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…almost 69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1126EXO2512e59p0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1127EXO2512wbq80cast four rings of goldCasting was a process in which gold was melted, poured into a mold that was in the shape of a ring, and then allowed to harden.
1128EXO2514f2kz0in order to carry the ark“so that you can carry the ark”
1129EXO2515k67p0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1130EXO2517c6750atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made.
1131EXO2517ast8translate-bdistance0two and a half cubits…a cubit and a halfA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1132EXO2518hfw60hammered gold“beaten gold”
1133EXO2519rgn80General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1134EXO2519j38e0atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1135EXO2519b4l9figs-activepassive0They must be madeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1136EXO2521lm1pfigs-you0You must putHere “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1137EXO2522hl6e0General Information:Yahweh continues to speak to Moses.
1138EXO2522zu9ufigs-you0It is at the ark that I will meet with you“I will meet with you at the ark.” In 25:22 the word “you” is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1139EXO2522wq9w0atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1140EXO2523b11v0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1141EXO2523t312translate-bdistance0two cubits…one cubit…a cubit and a halfA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1142EXO2525b6j80General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1143EXO2525awi70one handbreadth widea measurement of 7 to 8 centimeters
1144EXO2525bit80frame for it“frame for the table”
1145EXO2526y64j0feet were“legs are”
1146EXO2527jdh4figs-activepassive0The rings must be attachedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must attach the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1147EXO2527q5w80in order to carry“so you can carry”
1148EXO2528d7jz0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1149EXO2528l4fkfigs-activepassive0so that the table may be carried with themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may carry the table with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1150EXO2529v78dfigs-activepassive0to be used to pour out drink offeringsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that you may use them to pour out drink offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1151EXO2530uth70bread of the presenceThis bread represented the presence of God.
1152EXO2531kc3q0hammered gold“beaten gold.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md).
1153EXO2531g25lfigs-activepassive0The lampstand is to be madeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1154EXO2531fq45figs-activepassive0Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers are to be all made of one piece with itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers all of one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1155EXO2533nag20General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
1156EXO2533i7bh0almond blossomswhite or pink flowers that have five petals
1157EXO2534ji3x0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
1158EXO2535lg8l0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
1159EXO2535n5edfigs-activepassive0made as one piece with itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must make them as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1160EXO2536z9wy0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do. Yahweh is describing the lampstand ([Exodus 25:31-32](./31.md)).
1161EXO2537m2i70General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1162EXO2537dfn60for them to give light from it“so they shine light from it”
1163EXO2538l5w8figs-activepassive0The tongs and their trays must be made of pure goldThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make the tongs and their trays of pure gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1164EXO2539ff5ptranslate-bweight0one talentA talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1165EXO2539ff8n0its accessoriesthe tongs and the trays
1166EXO2540l7jefigs-activepassive0you are being shown on the mountainThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am showing you on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1167EXO26introemw70# Exodus 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1168EXO261hen60General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)).
1169EXO261ks8rfigs-you0You must makeYahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1170EXO261iww40curtainsThese were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle.
1171EXO261xvs70scarlet woolwool dyed a deep red color
1172EXO261n2vm0craftsmana person who is skilled in making beautiful objects by hand
1173EXO262dkr6translate-bdistance0twenty-eight cubits…four cubits“28 cubits…4 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1174EXO263ba6wfigs-activepassive0Five curtains must be joined to each other…must also be joined to each otherThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Sew five curtains together to make one set, and sew the other five curtains together to make another set” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1175EXO264ghz80one set“one set of five curtains”
1176EXO264zxx40the second set“the second set of five curtains”
1177EXO266sns40claspsThe clasps fit into the loops (verses 4 and 5) to hold the curtains together.
1178EXO267k2mi0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1179EXO267t7t3translate-numbers0eleven“11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1180EXO268p423translate-numbers0thirty…four“30…4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1181EXO268v7i1translate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1182EXO2610j8yn0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1183EXO2610etf70loopsSee how you translated these in [Exodus 26:4](./04.md).
1184EXO2611cq360claspsThe clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md).
1185EXO2612x5p70General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1186EXO2613k4citranslate-bdistance0cubitA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1187EXO2614kii80a covering of ram skins dyed red, and another covering of fine leatherSee how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).
1188EXO2614yz3v0dyed red“colored red”
1189EXO2615p38r0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1190EXO2615y85l0framesThis refers to frames or panels that they made by joining together smaller pieces of wood.
1191EXO2616k4b7translate-numbers0ten cubits…one and a half cubits“10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1192EXO2619s45x0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1193EXO2619c9id0silver basesThese were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place.
1194EXO2619mm1h0pedestalsThe silver bases kept the wooden board off the ground.
1195EXO2619lg39figs-activepassive0There must be two basesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Put two bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1196EXO2621gag1figs-explicit0and so onThis means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the boards” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1197EXO2622nw4c0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1198EXO2624k1ecfigs-activepassive0These frames must be separate at the bottom, but joined at the topThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Separate these frames at the bottom, but join them at the top” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1199EXO2625p2wu0silver basesThese were silver blocks that had a slot in them to keep the frame in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
1200EXO2625q8xh0in all“total”
1201EXO2625yr6dfigs-explicit0and so onThis means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:21](../26/21.md). Alternate translation: “and two bases for each of the rest of the frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1202EXO2626c95e0General Information:Yahweh continue to tell Moses how the tabernacle was to be built.
1203EXO2626fc8p0crossbarsThese are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure.
1204EXO2627rn670the back side of the tabernacle to the westThe front was on the east side of the tabernacle.
1205EXO2629x8ny0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle must be constructed.
1206EXO2629ji1j0for them to serve as holders for the crossbars“which will hold the crossbars” or “because they will hold the crossbars”
1207EXO2629nq3m0crossbarsThese are horizontal support beams that give stability to the structure. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md).
1208EXO2630csf9figs-activepassive0you were shown on the mountainThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1209EXO2631yqi60General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses how the tabernacle is to be constructed.
1210EXO2631uc7wfigs-you0You must makeYahweh is speaking to Moses, so the word “you” is singular. Yahweh probably expected Moses to tell someone else to do the actual work, but Moses would be the one responsible for seeing that the work was done correctly. “Tell a craftsman to make.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1211EXO2633p2yq0claspsThe clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](./06.md).
1212EXO2633d3gmfigs-explicit0you must bring in the ark of the testimonyThe ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “you must bring in the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1213EXO2633jc47figs-activepassive0The curtain is to separate the holy placeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The curtain will separate the holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1214EXO2634v7t10General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1215EXO2634mli80atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1216EXO2634b9m20on the ark of the testimony“on the chest that contains the commandments”
1217EXO2635lv9efigs-explicit0The table must be on the north sideThis is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Place the table for the bread of Gods presence on the north side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1218EXO2636h3s10General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses how to construct the tabernacle.
1219EXO2636p5wf0a hangingThis was a large curtain made of cloth.
1220EXO2636rr160blue, purple, and scarlet materialPossible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
1221EXO2636f6td0fine twined linen“finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread.
1222EXO2636r2fy0an embroiderer“a person who sews designs into cloth” or “a person who embroiders”
1223EXO27introx4f70# Exodus 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is a continuation of the material in the previous chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The tent of meeting<br>This chapter gives specific instructions regarding the building of a tent where Moses would meet Yahweh and the ark would be stored. This would eventually become the tabernacle. It was to be considered a very holy place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1224EXO271hj650General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)).
1225EXO271qj4jtranslate-bdistance0five cubits long and five cubits wide“2.2 meters long on each side” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1226EXO271hbg9translate-bdistance0The altar must be square and three cubits high“The altar must be square and 1.3 meters high” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1227EXO271s8qytranslate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1228EXO272lr230You must make extensions of its four corners shaped like ox horns“You must make projections that look like ox horns on its four corners”
1229EXO272lek3figs-activepassive0The horns will be madeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must make the horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1230EXO272y4r20must cover them“must cover the altar and horns”
1231EXO273qn790General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1232EXO273m4wm0basinsbowls
1233EXO273z5ax0firepansThese were pans that held hot coals from the altar.
1234EXO273j5zt0utensilsThese were any instrument, vessel, or tool that served a useful purpose.
1235EXO274fp9m0You must make a grate for the altar, a network of bronze“You must make a bronze grate for the altar”
1236EXO274hsq30gratea frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning
1237EXO275v6n40General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people need to do.
1238EXO275c5emfigs-explicit0You must put the grate under the ledge of the altarThe grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1239EXO275xc2t0grateThis is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
1240EXO276wki4figs-explicit0You must make poles for the altarThese poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “You must make poles for carrying the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1241EXO277fb3t0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people should do.
1242EXO277b3yxfigs-activepassive0The poles must be put into the rings, and the poles must be on the two sides of the altar, to carry itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must put the poles into the rings and place them on each side of the altar to carry it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1243EXO278xj8e0planksa long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board
1244EXO278t5eyfigs-activepassive0you were shown on the mountainThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that I have shown to you here on this mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1245EXO279y45xfigs-activepassive0There must be hangings…courtyardThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must place hangings…courtyard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1246EXO279id4k0hangings of fine twined linenA “hanging” was a large curtain made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md)
1247EXO279v7480fine twined linen“finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread
1248EXO279ce9atranslate-bdistance0one hundred cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “44 meters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1249EXO2710sfg8figs-activepassive0There must also be hooks…postsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must also attach hooks…posts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1250EXO2710k7rb0postsa strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support
1251EXO2711n95e0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1252EXO2711gjg50there must be hangings one hundred cubits longSee how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:9](./09.md).
1253EXO2711x52h0there must be hangingsThis could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make hangings”
1254EXO2711nr770with twenty posts, twenty bronze bases, hooks attached to the posts, and silver rodsSee how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 27:10](./10.md).
1255EXO2712p4u40there must be a curtainThis could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “you must make a curtain”
1256EXO2712elw40There must be ten postsThis could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make ten posts”
1257EXO2713w2sg0The courtyard must also be fifty cubits longThis could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Make the courtyard fifty cubits long”
1258EXO2714mzn50General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1259EXO2714vy7r0The hangingsThese were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
1260EXO2714z8n20postsThese were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).
1261EXO2714gz7s0basesThese were metal blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
1262EXO2714u8nmtranslate-bdistance0fifteen cubitsabout seven meters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1263EXO2716wv460The courtyard gate must be a curtain twenty cubits longThis could be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “You must make a curtain twenty cubits long to be the courtyard gate”
1264EXO2716h4twfigs-activepassive0The curtain must be made…fine twined linen, the work of an embroidererThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must make the curtain…fine twined linen, the work of an embroiderer” or “Embroiderers must make the curtain…fine twined linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1265EXO2716kn9u0blue, purple, and scarlet material and fine twined linenPossible meanings are (1) “yarn that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple, and scarlet dye” to dye the linen.
1266EXO2716g5wi0an embroiderera person who sews designs into cloth
1267EXO2717wal20General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1268EXO2718wt7ntranslate-bdistance0one hundred cubits“100 cubits.” A cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1269EXO2718j1zp0fine twined linen hangings“finely twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
1270EXO2719w5n8figs-activepassive0all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard must be made of bronzeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “make all the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1271EXO2719bs7c0tent pegssharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground
1272EXO2720wn9n0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1273EXO2721ge7v0tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle.
1274EXO2721p7ru0ark of testimonyThis is the chest that contains the sacred slabs of stone on which Yahweh had written his commandments.
1275EXO2721vr7m0This requirement will be a lasting statute“I require that the people do this as a lasting statute”
1276EXO28intror3yx0# Exodus 28 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Holy garments<br>Because Yahweh is holy, only the priests could approach him, and when they did they must be wearing specially made clothing. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1277EXO281bsm10General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do ([Exodus 25:1](../25/01.md)).
1278EXO281e1xbfigs-you0Call to yourselfHere “yourself” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1279EXO282tv9hfigs-you0You must makeHere “you” refers to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1280EXO282t5gyfigs-activepassive0garments that are set apart to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “garments that you will set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1281EXO284re790General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1282EXO284tr5e0a coat of woven work“a coat with a design woven into it”
1283EXO284dz5h0turbana tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times.
1284EXO284k1840sasha piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest
1285EXO286yu8u0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1286EXO286u3rx0fine-twined linen“finely-twisted linen.” This was cloth made from fine linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
1287EXO286k3bj0skillful craftsmana person who can make beautiful objects by hand
1288EXO288w523figs-activepassive0it must be made of one pieceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they must make it in one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1289EXO289c4iatranslate-unknown0onyx stonesThese are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1290EXO2810at1b0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1291EXO2811dv8k0With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engraving on a signet“In the same way a person engraves on a seal”
1292EXO2811x1xc0engravera person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal
1293EXO2811cm3f0signetan engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal
1294EXO2811gh2r0settingspieces of metal that hold the stone onto the ephod
1295EXO2813hpc70General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1296EXO2813pi4x0settingsThese are pieces of metal that hold each stone onto the ephod. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).
1297EXO2814e7460two braided chains of pure gold like cords“two chains of pure gold that are braided like cords”
1298EXO2815ta6b0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1299EXO2815sf8e0the work of a skillful workman, fashioned like the ephod“a skillful workman will make it like the ephod”
1300EXO2816cny4translate-bdistance0spanA span is 22 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1301EXO2817spd40General Information:Twelve kinds of stone are listed here. Scholars are not sure which kinds of stones the Hebrew words refer to. Some translations list different stones.
1302EXO2817qp4ttranslate-unknown0precious stones“valuable gems” or “treasured gems.” See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1303EXO2817n1ystranslate-unknown0ruby…topaz…garnetThese are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1304EXO2818ga1v0emerald…diamondThese are precious stones.
1305EXO2818a5rr0sapphireThis is a gemstone that is blue in color. See how you translated this in [Exodus 24:10](../24/10.md).
1306EXO2819z17r0jacinth…agate…amethystThese are precious stones
1307EXO2820ul2etranslate-unknown0beryl…jasperThese are precious stones. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1308EXO2820rgf6translate-unknown0onyxThis is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1309EXO2820pw5hfigs-activepassive0They must be mounted in gold settingsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must mount them in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1310EXO2821d6fa0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1311EXO2821x4qnfigs-activepassive0The stones must be arrangedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must arrange the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1312EXO2821z8mw0signet ringA signet is an engraved stone used to stamp a design into a wax seal. Here the stone is mounted on a ring. See how you translated “signet” in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).
1313EXO2822m7yl0chains like cords, braided work of pure gold“chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).
1314EXO2825cd3a0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1315EXO2825d8y30braided chains“chains braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).
1316EXO2825a4lcfigs-explicit0to the two settingsThese are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate translation: “to the two settings that enclose the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1317EXO2827e3850General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1318EXO2827vw1w0finely-woven waistbandThis was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
1319EXO2828se56figs-activepassive0so that it might be attachedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that they may attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1320EXO2828wf9vfigs-doublenegatives0the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephodThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1321EXO2829k21k0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1322EXO2829z1mz0he must carry the names of the people of Israel over his heart in the breastpieceThis refers to the names of the tribes engraved on the twelve stones the breastplate as described in [Exodus 28:17-21](./17.md).
1323EXO2829cc970over his heart“over Aarons heart” or “on his chest”
1324EXO2830f5370the Urim and the Thummim…the means for making decisionsThe second phrase appears to refer to the Urim and Thummim and explain their purpose.
1325EXO2830dgn9translate-unknown0the Urim and the ThummimIt not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1326EXO2831jl1d0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1327EXO2832x42n0This must be the work of a weaverThis can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “A weaver must make this robe”
1328EXO2832rw960a weaver“a person who weaves” or “a person who creates cloth using thread”
1329EXO2833v7gy0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people do.
1330EXO2833t9retranslate-unknown0pomegranatesA pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1331EXO2834kl550a golden bell and a pomegranateThis phrase is repeated to show the pattern of the design on the robe.
1332EXO2835de4mfigs-activepassive0The robe is to be on Aaron when he servesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear the robe when he serves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1333EXO2835pf61figs-activepassive0so that its sound can be heardThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that the bells make a sound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1334EXO2835qtf9figs-explicit0This is so that he does not dieIt is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. Alternate translation: “As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1335EXO2836e8qp0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1336EXO2836nd2q0engrave on it, like the engraving on a signet“write on it in the same way a person engraves on a seal.” See how you translated similar words in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md)
1337EXO2837qka60turbanThis was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1338EXO2838ee65figs-activepassive0It must be on Aarons foreheadThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must wear it on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1339EXO2838u19wfigs-activepassive0The turban must be always on his foreheadThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Aaron must always wear the turban on his forehead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1340EXO2839cp680General Information:God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1341EXO2839t5vj0turbanThis was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1342EXO2839yi1l0sashA sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1343EXO2839i62z0the work of an embroidererAn embroiderer is a person who sews designs into cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
1344EXO2840sc7t0General Information:God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1345EXO2840pfs20sashesA sash is a decorative piece of cloth that a person wears around his waist or across his chest. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1346EXO2840v2tj0headbandsA headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes.
1347EXO2841xa75figs-explicit0You must clothe Aaron your brotherAaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1348EXO2842vua70General Information:God continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1349EXO2842vz620undergarmentsThese are underwear, clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin.
1350EXO2843s6n20tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1351EXO2843r7y70a permanent law“a law the will not end”
1352EXO29introxmd90# Exodus 29 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Consecrating priests<br>This chapter records the process of consecrating priests. The priests were to be set apart from the rest of Israel because Yahweh is holy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/consecrate]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “I will live among the Israelites”<br>As God, Yahweh is everywhere and cannot be limited to a single space. This phrase indicates that he permanently remains within Israel in a special way while they have the ark.
1353EXO291d6gk0NowThe word “now” marks a change in topic from garments for priests to consecrating priests.
1354EXO291z78h0you must doHere “you” refers to Moses.
1355EXO291ld5s0to set them apart“to set apart Aaron and his sons”
1356EXO291dq2c0serve meHere “me” refers to Yahweh.
1357EXO291cgl20one young bulla male cow
1358EXO292ptm7figs-activepassive0Also take wafers without yeast rubbed with oilThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Also take wafers without yeast and rub them with oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1359EXO292r4490bread…cakes…wafersThese are different kinds of food made from flour.
1360EXO293u7130General Information:Yahweh continues to speak to Moses
1361EXO293gm580You must put them“You must put the bread, cake, and wafer”
1362EXO293cd6mfigs-explicit0present them with the bull and the two ramsHere “present” means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. Alternate translation: “offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1363EXO294a6rz0tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1364EXO295va8b0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1365EXO295f7u70coatThis was a coat with a design woven into it. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1366EXO295pr4i0finely-woven waistbandThis was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
1367EXO296ap2x0turbanThis was a tall head covering made from cloth wrapped around the head several times. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1368EXO296y59s0holy crownThis crown is described in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md) as being engraved with the words “dedicated to Yahweh” and made of pure gold.
1369EXO298s53c0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1370EXO298v46k0bring his sons“bring Aarons sons”
1371EXO298jtc70coatsThese were coats with a design woven into them. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1372EXO299j3a80sashesA sash is a decorative piece of cloth that people wear around their waist or across their chest. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1373EXO299bh2d0headbandsA headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md).
1374EXO299r1x40The work of the priesthood“the duty of being priests”
1375EXO299ze9lfigs-explicit0will belong to themThe duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aarons sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “will belong to them and their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1376EXO299p7m90permanent law“a law the will not end.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md).
1377EXO2910r7820General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1378EXO2910p9960tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1379EXO2911bf2m0You must kill the bullThe bull offering was to be killed by Moses, not the priests, at the doorway, not inside the tent of meeting.
1380EXO2911y6kpfigs-explicit0kill the bullSince the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for “kill” that will imply a method similar to “slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1381EXO2912uxh30General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1382EXO2912c2ud0the hornsThese were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
1383EXO2912xdl50the rest of the blood“the remaining blood”
1384EXO2913x2c50covers the inner parts“covers the organs”
1385EXO2913nsg60liver…kidneysThese are organs in the body.
1386EXO2914eza80But as for the bulls flesh, as well as its skin and dung“But as for the remaining parts of the bull”
1387EXO2916hd8i0You must kill the ramFor these consecration sacrifices for the priests, it was Moses, not Aaron or his sons, who had to kill the animals.
1388EXO2917w2nb0the inner parts“the organs.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](../29/13.md).
1389EXO2918s68x0on the altarUnlike the bull offering that was burned outside of the tent, the ram was to be burned on the inner altar.
1390EXO2919x3iv0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1391EXO2920j6b1figs-explicit0Then you must kill the ramThe ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Then kill the ram by slitting its throat” or “Then kill the ram by cutting its throat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1392EXO2921saa80General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1393EXO2921w1aafigs-activepassive0Aaron will then be set apart for meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “By doing this, you will dedicate Aaron to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1394EXO2922gj680General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1395EXO2922i3dc0inner parts…liver…kidneyThese refer to organs inside the body. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:13](../29/13.md).
1396EXO2923td8w0Take one loaf…before YahwehFor 29:23 see how you translated similar words in [Exodus 29:2](../29/02.md).
1397EXO2923i7vx0that is before Yahweh“that you have placed before Yahweh”
1398EXO2924wv9l0General Information:God continues speaking to Moses.
1399EXO2924b9bj0You must put theseHere “these” refers to the parts of the sacrifice mentioned in the previous verses.
1400EXO2925wz3afigs-activepassive0it will be an offering made to me by fireThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “burn it as an offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1401EXO2926acx50General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1402EXO2926bf710ram of dedication“ram that you dedicated” or “ram that you killed”
1403EXO2926c21f0Aarons ram of dedication“the ram that you used to dedicate Aaron”
1404EXO2928uc2d0This will be a perpetual share for Aaron and his sons“This is what Aaron and his sons will always receive from the people”
1405EXO2929la340General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1406EXO2929qru8figs-activepassive0The holy garments of Aaron must also be reserved for his sons after himThese garments belong to the priesthood and are not just Aarons personal clothing. Alternate translation: “Aaron must reserve the holy garments for his sons after him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1407EXO2929i5vzfigs-activepassive0They are to be anointed in them and ordained to me in themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They must wear the holy garments when you anoint his sons and ordain them to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1408EXO2930pe790tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1409EXO2931npz10General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1410EXO2931l3xk0the ram for the installation of the priests“the ram you killed when you installed the priests”
1411EXO2931u9klfigs-explicit0in a holy placeThis is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. Alternate translation: “at the entrance to the tent of meeting” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1412EXO2932dp8h0tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1413EXO2933qk8ifigs-activepassive0that were givenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you sacrificed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1414EXO2934rhp7figs-activepassive0It must not be eatenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one must eat it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1415EXO2934lhi8figs-activepassive0because it has been set apart to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “because you have set it apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1416EXO2935c2si0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1417EXO2935g9pm0In this way, by following all that I have commanded you to do, you must treat Aaron and his sons“I have commanded you to treat Aaron and his sons this way”
1418EXO2937pq5d0Then the altar will be completely set apart to me“Then the altar will be most holy”
1419EXO2937qk5h0will be set apart to Yahweh“will also be very holy”
1420EXO2938e4r90General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1421EXO2938sli90You must regularly offer on the altar every day“You must daily offer on the altar”
1422EXO2940rt1f0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1423EXO2940x6i4translate-fraction0a tenth…the fourth part“1/10…1/4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1424EXO2940bwg1translate-bvolume0ephahAn ephah is 22 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1425EXO2940vt6ftranslate-bvolume0hinA hin is 3.7 liters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
1426EXO2941t1tt0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1427EXO2941hgt9figs-activepassive0it will be an offering made to me by fireThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it will be a burnt offering to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1428EXO2942j8cg0throughout your generations“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1429EXO2942h5r70tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1430EXO2943f1t60General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1431EXO2943ic8ifigs-activepassive0the tent will be set apart for me by my gloryThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “My awesome presence will dedicate the tent to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1432EXO2945zcs10General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1433EXO30introz3yc0# Exodus 30 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Atonement<br>The atonement offered by the priests was very important in the religious life of Israel. In order to offer sacrifices, the priests had to maintain ritual cleanliness by washing themselves. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/atonement]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]])
1434EXO301r1f40General Information:Yahweh tells Moses how to build the worship equipment.
1435EXO301v8vbfigs-you0You must makeHere “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1436EXO302w56efigs-activepassive0Its horns must be madeThese were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated “horns” in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md). Alternate translation: “You must make its horns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1437EXO303d3uu0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1438EXO303ddb20the incense altar“an altar to burn incense”
1439EXO304qyg4figs-activepassive0to be attached to itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which you will attach to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1440EXO305r61h0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1441EXO306h33cfigs-explicit0ark of the testimonyThe ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1442EXO306e52i0atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1443EXO306vg6kfigs-you0where I will meet with youHere “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1444EXO307l2rl0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1445EXO308qm7i0throughout your generations“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1446EXO309ckf90But you must offerThough the word “you” is addressed to Moses, the instruction is given specifically to Aaron and his descendants as to when and what they are to offer on the altar of incense.
1447EXO3010ez2s0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1448EXO3010k6xk0hornsThese were projections that looked like ox horns attached to the four corners of the altar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
1449EXO3010san20throughout your generations“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1450EXO3012s73cfigs-you0When you takePossible meanings are (1) “you” refers to just Moses or (2) “you” refers to Moses and the leaders of Israel in future generations when they take a census. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1451EXO3012k5p10a census of the IsraelitesThe leaders only counted the Israelite men.
1452EXO3013s69sfigs-activepassive0Everyone who is countedThis can be stated in active form. They counted only the men. Alternate translation: “Everyone you count” or “Every man you count” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1453EXO3013i4wktranslate-bmoney0half a shekel of silver“1/2 a shekel of silver.” Translators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “5.5 grams of silver” or “six grams of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1454EXO3013nfp60according to the weight of the shekel of the sanctuaryThere were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used.
1455EXO3013id6dtranslate-unknown0twenty gerahs“20 gerahs.” A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1456EXO3014k4h9figs-metaphor0from twenty years old and upLarger numbers are spoken of as being up or above smaller numbers. Alternate translation: “from twenty years old and more” or “who is twenty years old or older” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1457EXO3015r7fd0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1458EXO3015rll60the peopleOnly the men made this offering.
1459EXO3015e8xatranslate-bmoney0the half shekelTranslators may use a unit of measure that people understand and a round number: “the 5.5 grams of silver” or “the 6 grams of silver.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1460EXO3016z6tn0It must be a reminder to the Israelites before me, to make atonement for your livesPossible meanings are (1) “It will remind the Israelites to make atonement for their lives” or (2) “It will remind the Israelites that they have made atonement for their lives.”
1461EXO3018ye18figs-you0You must also makeHere “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1462EXO3018v88y0bronze basin“bronze bowl” or “bronze tub”
1463EXO3018bh820a bronze standThis is what the basin would be put on.
1464EXO3018iq8n0a basin for washingThis phrase explains what the priests were to use the large bronze basin for.
1465EXO3018m5li0the altarthe altar of sacrifice
1466EXO3019jq260General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1467EXO3019ivb10water in it“water in the basin”
1468EXO3021hp350for Aaron and his descendants throughout their peoples generations“for Aaron and all the generations of his descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1469EXO3022p8n60General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1470EXO3023m9g7translate-unknown0spicesdried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1471EXO3023zq43translate-numbers0five hundred shekels…250 shekels“500 shekels…two hundred and fifty shekels.” A shekel is about 11 grams. Translators may use units that people know and round numbers: “5.7 kilograms…11.4 kilograms” or “six kilograms…three kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1472EXO3023xga2translate-unknown0cinnamon…caneThese are sweet spices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1473EXO3024p9jhtranslate-unknown0cassiaThis is a sweet spice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1474EXO3024n38ftranslate-bweight0the weight of the shekel of the sanctuaryThere were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1475EXO3024dv89translate-bvolume0one hinTranslators may use units that people know and round numbers: “3.7 liters” or “four liters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1476EXO3025juf30with these ingredients“with these items”
1477EXO3025k3s50the work of a perfumerPossible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it.
1478EXO3025yv9l0a perfumera person who is skilled in mixing spices and oils
1479EXO3026f7k50General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1480EXO3026u241figs-you0You must anointHere “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1481EXO3026d4idfigs-explicit0ark of the testimonyThe ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1482EXO3028v5mk0the altar for burnt offerings“the altar on which offering were burnt”
1483EXO3029a9hr0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1484EXO3029np7g0set them apartThis refers to the items listed in [Exodus 30:26-28](./26.md).
1485EXO3031k4s70throughout your peoples generations“all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1486EXO3032w4dt0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what Moses must tell the people.
1487EXO3032rlk4figs-activepassive0It must not be applied to peoples skinThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must not put the anointing oil that is dedicated to Yahweh on a persons skin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1488EXO3032v3br0with the same formula“with the same ingredients” or “with the same items”
1489EXO3033pa53figs-metaphor0that person must be cut off from his peopleThe metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1490EXO3034r3j20General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what to do. Yahweh gives the commands only to Moses: all instances of “you” are singular. However, the words “blended by a perfumer” might mean that Moses could have the perfumer take the spices, blend them, grind them, and give them to Moses so Moses could put part of the mixture in front of the ark, as in UST.
1491EXO3035as9yfigs-activepassive0Make it into the form of incense, blended by a perfumerThe phrase with “blended” can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Make it into the form of incense that a perfumer has blended” or “A perfumer must blend it into a kind of incense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1492EXO3035y8yj0blended by a perfumerPossible meanings are (1) Moses was to have a perfumer do the work or (2) Moses was to do the work himself the way a perfumer would do it. See how you translated these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
1493EXO3036nz2afigs-you0You will grind it“You will crush it.” Here “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1494EXO3036t8y9figs-you0You will regardHere “you” is plural and refers to Moses and all the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1495EXO3037z4p50General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1496EXO3037dq6c0you must not make anyThe word “you” here refers to the people of Israel.
1497EXO3037yv1y0with the same formula“with the same ingredients” or “with the same items.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:32](../30/32.md).
1498EXO3037wh250It must be most holy to you“You must consider it to be most holy”
1499EXO3038xn6v0perfumeThis is a pleasant smelling liquid a person puts on his or her body.
1500EXO3038sa1mfigs-metaphor0must be cut off from his peopleThe metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “I will no longer consider him to be one of the people of Israel” (2) “the people of Israel must send him away” or (3) “the people of Israel must kill him.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:33](../30/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1501EXO31introwfk70# Exodus 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is the end of Exodus recording of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sabbath<br>As described in this chapter, the Sabbath is more than just a day of worship or celebration. Its significance extends beyond a way to help people rest. It is a major part of the identity of the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])
1502EXO312m8jufigs-metonymy0I have called by nameGod speaks of choosing specific people as calling them by name. Alternate translation: “I have chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1503EXO312hf5rtranslate-names0Bezalel…Uri…HurThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1504EXO313ayb90General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1505EXO313f7skfigs-metaphor0I have filled Bezalel with my SpiritYahweh speaks of giving Bezalel his Spirit as if Bezalel were a container and Gods Spirit were a liquid. Alternate translation: “I have given my Spirit to Bezalel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1506EXO313r6i5figs-abstractnouns0for all kinds of craftsmanshipThe abstract noun “craftsmanship” can be translated as “making crafts” or “making things.” Alternate translation: “for making all kinds of crafts” or “so that he can make all kinds of things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1507EXO316qk4r0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1508EXO316jh61translate-names0Oholiab…AhisamakThese are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1509EXO316wcq70I have put skill into the hearts of all who are wiseGod speaks of making people able to make things as if he were putting the ability into their hearts. Alternate translation: “I have given skill to all who are wise” or “I have made all who are wise able to make things well”
1510EXO317jc780tent of meetingThis is another name for the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:21](../27/21.md).
1511EXO317m58bfigs-explicit0ark of the testimonyThe ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate translation: “the chest containing the commandments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1512EXO317z5s40atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1513EXO318h84n0incense altar“altar to burn incense.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md).
1514EXO319cvl70altar for burnt offerings“altar on which offering were burnt.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:28](../30/28.md).
1515EXO3110hn880General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1516EXO3111z1u20These craftsmen“These people who are skilled in making beautiful things”
1517EXO3113i1lwfigs-metaphor0You must certainly keep Yahwehs Sabbath daysGod speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “You must certainly obey Yahwehs instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1518EXO3113gw130throughout your peoples generations“through all the generations of your descendants.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
1519EXO3113h75afigs-metaphor0who sets you apart for himselfGod speaks of choosing people to be his as setting them apart for himself. Alternate translation: “who has chosen you to be his people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1520EXO3114g83pfigs-activepassive0for it must be treated by you as holyThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you must treat it as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1521EXO3114mv4lfigs-metaphor0Everyone who defiles itGod speaks of treating the Sabbath with disrespect as defiling it. Alternate translation: “Everyone who treats the Sabbath with disrespect” or “Everyone who does not obey the laws about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1522EXO3114plq5figs-activepassive0must surely be put to death“must surely be killed.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you must surely kill” or “you must surely execute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1523EXO3114fz1gfigs-metaphor0must surely be cut off from his peopleThe metaphor “cut off” has at least three possible meanings. They can be expressed in active form: (1) “Yahweh will no longer consider him to be one of his people” (2) “you must surely send him away” or (3) “you must surely kill him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1524EXO3115v4dvtranslate-numbers0but the seventh day“but day 7” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1525EXO3116iv7a0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what he must tell the people of Israel.
1526EXO3116t9hwfigs-metaphor0must keep the SabbathGod speaks of obeying his instructions about the Sabbath as keeping the Sabbath. Alternate translation: “must obey Yahwehs instructions about the Sabbath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1527EXO3116n7q20They must observe it throughout their peoples generations“They and all the generations of their descendants must observe it.” See how you translated “throughout their peoples generations” in [Exodus 12:42](../12/42.md).
1528EXO3116yef80lasting covenant“a covenant that will always exist.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:43](../28/43.md).
1529EXO3118xc6hfigs-activepassive0written on by his own handThis can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “which Yahweh wrote on with his own hand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1530EXO32introvv2w0# Exodus 32 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter occur while Moses spoke with God and therefore happen at the same time as the events in chapters 20-31.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 32:18.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Idolatry<br>The making of the golden calf was considered a form of idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1531EXO321cfk8figs-metaphor0the people sawHere understanding something is spoken of as if it were being seen. Alternate translation: “the people realized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1532EXO321k2i10Come, make us an idolThe word “come” strengthens the force of the command following it. The people were demanding that Aaron make an idol for them.
1533EXO321mrb50go before us“lead us” or “be our leader”
1534EXO322p86s0bring them to meThe word “them” refers to the golden rings.
1535EXO323ckg20All the peopleThis refers to all the people who rejected Moses as their leader and Moses God as their God.
1536EXO324uf9e0fashioned it with an engraving tool and he made a cast idol in the shape of a calfAaron melted the gold and poured it into a mold that had the shape of a calf. When the gold became hard, he removed the mold, and the hardened gold had the shape of a calf.
1537EXO325ztx4figs-explicit0When Aaron saw thisYou may need to make explicit what he saw. “When Aaron saw what the people did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1538EXO326as6u0to carouse in wild celebration“to have a wild party.” The people likely behaved in sexually immoral ways at the party.
1539EXO328eua5figs-metaphor0left the way that I commanded themHere God speaks of the people disobeying what he commanded them as if he had told them to walk on a certain road and they left that road. Alternate translation: “stopped doing what I commanded them to do” or “have stopped obeying what I commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1540EXO329bh7cfigs-metaphor0I have seen this peopleHere Yahweh compares knowing the people to seeing them. Alternate translation: “I know this people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1541EXO329ffe2figs-metaphor0a stiff-necked peopleYahweh speaks of the people being stubborn as if they had stiff necks. Alternate translation: “a stubborn people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1542EXO3210fmk30Now thenThe word “now” is used here to mark a break in what Yahweh was telling Moses. Here Yahweh tells what he will do to the people.
1543EXO3210sd9wfigs-metaphor0My anger will burn hot against themYahweh speaks of his anger as if it were a fire that could burn hot. Alternate translation: “My anger towards them will be terrible” or “I am extremely angry with them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1544EXO3210vc2ufigs-you0from youThe word “you” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1545EXO3211h62efigs-metaphor0why does your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand?Moses used this question to try to persuade Yahweh not to be so angry with his people. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Do not let your anger burn against your people…a mighty hand.” or “Do not be so angry with your people…a mighty hand.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1546EXO3211t2cvfigs-doublet0great power…mighty handThese two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1547EXO3211ph43figs-metonymy0a mighty handHere the word “hand” refers to the things Yahweh did. Alternate translation: “and the powerful things you did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1548EXO3212k26p0General Information:Moses continues to reason with God not to destroy Israel.
1549EXO3212r8ijfigs-rquestion0Why should the Egyptians say, He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth?Moses used this question to try to persuade God not to destroy his people. This rhetorical question can be translated with a statement. Alternate translation: If you destroy your people, the Egyptians might say, He led them out…to destroy them from the face of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1550EXO3212kzh70face of the earth“from the surface of the earth” or “from the earth”
1551EXO3212fns10Turn from your burning anger“Stop your burning anger” or “Stop being so angry”
1552EXO3212p1dffigs-metaphor0your burning angerMoses speaks of Gods anger as if it were a fire that was burning. Alternate translation: “your terrible anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1553EXO3213t9sa0Call to mind Abraham“Remember Abraham” or “Think about Abraham”
1554EXO3213p8jq0you swore“you made an oath” or “you solemnly promised”
1555EXO3213q1g1figs-metaphor0They will inherit it foreverGod speaks about them possessing the land as if they would inherit it. Alternate translation: “They will possess it forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1556EXO3215cx7z0tablets of the covenant decreesThese are the two stone slabs on which God had engraved his commandments.
1557EXO3216w3uafigs-parallelism0The tablets were Gods own work, and the writing was Gods own writingThese two phrases share similar meanings. The second explains how the tablets were “Gods own work.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1558EXO3217cua3figs-explicit0he said to MosesIt is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1559EXO3219hr2j0the tablets“the two stone slabs that Yahweh had written on”
1560EXO3221du5lfigs-quotations0Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people…a great sin on them?”This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses asked Aaron what the people do to him, that he have brought such a great sin on them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1561EXO3221np73figs-metaphor0you have brought such a great sin on themMoses spoke of causing people to sin as if sin were an object and Aaron put it on them. Alternate translation: “you have caused them to sin so terribly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1562EXO3222z2chfigs-metaphor0Do not let your anger burn hotAaron spoke of Moses anger as if it were a fire that could burn. “Do not be so angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1563EXO3222vdy2figs-metaphor0they are set on doing evilBeing determined to do evil is spoken of as being set on evil. Alternate translation: “they are determined to do what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1564EXO3223zn680this MosesPeople showed disrespect by putting the word “this” before his name, as if Moses were someone they did not know and could not trust.
1565EXO3224yq7sfigs-quotations0So I said to them, Whoever has any gold, let him take it off.This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “So I told them that whoever had any gold should take it off” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1566EXO3224b3l50I threw it into the fire, and out came this calfInstead of taking ownership for making the calf, Aaron claims the calf came out of the fire supernaturally.
1567EXO3225ck1f0were running wild“were behaving wildly” or “were not controlling themselves”
1568EXO3226jis7figs-quotations0Then Moses stood at the entrance…“Whoever is on Yahwehs side, come to me.”This can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “Then Moses stood at the entrance to the camp and said that whoever was on Yahwehs side should come to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1569EXO3226ryb5figs-metaphor0Whoever is on Yahwehs sideMoses speaks of being loyal to Yahweh as being on Yahwehs side. Alternate translation: “Whoever is loyal to Yahweh” or “Whoever serves Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1570EXO3227xsl30go back and forth from entrance to entrance“go from side of the camp to the other, starting at one entrance to the camp and going to the entrance on the other side of the camp”
1571EXO3228at4itranslate-numbers0three thousand of the people“3000 of the people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1572EXO3229jzp10You have been placed into Yahwehs serviceThis probably means “You have been chosen to serve Yahweh” or “You have become Yahwehs servants.”
1573EXO3229c6fgfigs-explicit0for each of you has taken action against his son and his brotherThe fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1574EXO3230r5fn0You have committed a very great sinThey worshiped an idol.
1575EXO3230yi3efigs-metaphor0Perhaps I can make atonement for your sinMoses spoke of persuading God to forgive the people as if he could make atonement for their sin. Alternate translation: “Perhaps I can persuade Yahweh to forgive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576EXO3232c72yfigs-metonymy0blot me out of the bookThe word “me” here refers to the name of Moses. Alternate translation: “erase my name from the book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1577EXO3232ahb3figs-explicit0the book that you have writtenWhat God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the book in which you have written the names of your people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1578EXO3233igb4figs-metonymy0that person I will blot out of my bookThe phrase “that person” represents “that persons name.” Alternate translation: “I will erase that persons name from my book” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1579EXO3233qwk90my bookThis refers to the book of Yahweh that Moses spoke of in [Exodus 32:32](../32/32.md).
1580EXO3234xn8p0But on the day that I punish them, I will punish themOn the day that God decides to punish them, it will be clear that it is God who is judging them.
1581EXO3235ddg60Yahweh sent a plague on the peopleThis plague may have been a serious illness. Alternate translation: “Yahweh made the people very sick”
1582EXO3235wv1v0they had made the calf, the one that Aaron madeEven though Aaron made the calf, the people were also guilty because they told Aaron to do it. Alternate translation: “they told Aaron to make the calf”
1583EXO33introg5k30# Exodus 33 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Covenant<br>While the covenants Yahweh made may not be conditioned upon the obedience of Israel, it is clear that their conquering of the Promised Land was conditioned on their obedience to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
1584EXO331p8xp0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses of his anger.
1585EXO333yyt4figs-metonymy0that land, which is flowing with milk and honeyThe land was good for raising livestock and growing crops. See how you translated this in [Exodus 3:8](../03/08.md). Alternate translation: “a land that is excellent for raising livestock and growing crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1586EXO333y3470flowing with“full of” or “with an abundance of”
1587EXO333ck4mfigs-metonymy0milkSince milk comes from cows and goats, this represents food produced by livestock. Alternate translation: “food from livestock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1588EXO333a4ctfigs-metonymy0honeySince honey is produced from flowers, this represents food from crops. Alternate translation: “food from crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1589EXO333ah5t0a stubborn people“people who refuse to change”
1590EXO334cf7g0jewelrybeautiful clothing as well as chains and rings with jewels in them
1591EXO335rzr50a stubborn people“people who refuse to change.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:3](../33/03.md).
1592EXO339yt4ffigs-metaphor0the pillar of cloudThe cloud had the shape of a pillar. See how you translated this in [Exodus 13:22](../13/22.md). Alternate translation: “the cloud shaped like a pillar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1593EXO339vam7figs-explicit0would come downWhere it came down from can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “would come down from the sky” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1594EXO3311zrb8figs-metaphor0Yahweh would speak to Moses face to faceSpeaking directly rather than through dreams and visions, is spoken of as if Moses and God saw each others faces while they spoke. Alternate translation: “Yahweh would speak directly to Moses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1595EXO3311ika80young manJoshua was old enough to be a soldier, but he was much younger than Moses
1596EXO3312unz80See“Look!” or “Listen!” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1597EXO3312w7fsfigs-idiom0I know you by nameTo know someone by name is to know them well. Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1598EXO3312a7jrfigs-idiom0you have also found favor in my eyesHere “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing Gods evaluation. Alternate translation: “I have evaluated you and approve” or “I am pleased with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1599EXO3313e6vvfigs-idiom0Now if I have found favor in your eyesHere “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing Gods evaluation. Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1600EXO3313zi7j0show me your waysPossible meanings: (1) “show me what you are going to do in the future” or (2) “show me how people can do what pleases you.”
1601EXO3314gh8qfigs-metonymy0My own presence will goGods presence represents himself. Alternate translation: “I will go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1602EXO3314hl15figs-you0go with you…give youThe word “you” here refers to Moses. It is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1603EXO3314hc5n0I will give you rest“I will let you rest”
1604EXO3316d36k0For otherwise“For if your presence does not go with us”
1605EXO3316tu8efigs-activepassive0how will it be knownThis can be expressed with an active form. Alternate translation: how will people know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1606EXO3316cgl8figs-rquestion0how will it be known…people?Moses used this question in order to emphasize that if God does not go with them, no one will know that Moses had found favor in Gods sight. Alternate translation: “no one will know…people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1607EXO3316u82a0Will it not only be if“Will it not only be known if”
1608EXO3317aln2figs-you0General Information:When Yahweh uses the word “you” in this verse, it is singular and refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1609EXO3317ln7yfigs-idiom0you have found favor in my eyesHere “found favor” is an idiom that means that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I am pleased with you” or “I approve of you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1610EXO3317u2nvfigs-idiom0I know you by nameTo know someone by name is to know them well. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “I know you well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1611EXO3319sx1afigs-metonymy0I will make all my goodness pass before youGod speaks of walking past Moses so that Moses can see his goodness as if only his goodness would go past Moses. Alternate translation: “I will move past you so that you may see my goodness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1612EXO3321s4iy0See“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
1613EXO3323fmu80you will see my backThis is because Yahweh will be walking away from Moses.
1614EXO3323gw1nfigs-activepassive0but my face will not be seenThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “but you will not see my face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1615EXO34introsmp60# Exodus 34 General Notes<br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “He will bring the punishment for the fathers sin on their children”<br>This phrase does not mean that a child is necessarily punished for the sins of their parents. Many scholars believe that this passage indicates that a parents sins will have consequences that will affect their children and grandchildren. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1616EXO341s1kv0tablets of stone“flat slabs of stone.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:18](../31/18.md)
1617EXO343fk8z0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
1618EXO343ck6dfigs-metonymy0Do not let anyone else be seen anywhere on the mountainBeing seen doing something represents doing that. Alternate translation: “Do not let anyone else be anywhere on the mountain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1619EXO343x3rx0No flocks or herds are even to graze in front of the mountain“Even flocks or herds are not allowed to come near the mountain to eat.”
1620EXO345sp7f0stood with Moses there“stood with Moses on the mountain”
1621EXO345r9eyfigs-metonymy0he pronounced the name “Yahweh.”Possible meanings are (1) “he spoke the name Yahweh.’” or (2) “he proclaimed who Yahweh is.” For the second meaning, “name” would represent who God is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1622EXO346fz1qfigs-123person0Yahweh, Yahweh, God is merciful and graciousGod is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, am God, and I am merciful and gracious” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1623EXO346e1k30abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness“always showing covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness”
1624EXO346j7wefigs-abstractnouns0abounding in covenant faithfulness and trustworthinessThe abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “always being faithful to my covenant and always being trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1625EXO347lt2jfigs-abstractnouns0keeping covenant faithfulness for thousands of generationsThe abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithfully” or “faithful.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 20:6](../20/06.md). Alternate translation: “faithfully loving thousands of generations” or “faithful to his covenant with thousands of generation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1626EXO347q7z8figs-123person0But he willYahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “But I will” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1627EXO347x397figs-123person0he will by no means clear the guiltyYahweh is speaking about himself. Alternate translation: “I will by no means clear the guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1628EXO347ts1b0will by no means clear the guilty“will certainly not clear the guilty” or “will certainly not say that the guilty are innocent” or “will certainly not free guilty people”
1629EXO347px85figs-metaphor0He will bring the punishment for the fathers sin on their childrenPunishing people is spoken of as if punishment were an object that someone could bring on people. Alternate translation: “He will punish the children for their fathers sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1630EXO347c3tbfigs-metonymy0their childrenThe word “children” represents descendants. Alternate translation: “their descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1631EXO349mh3afigs-idiom0If now I have found favor in your eyesHere “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that God is pleased with Moses. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 33:12](../33/12.md). Alternate translation: “Now If you are pleased with me” or “Now if you approve of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1632EXO349hw66figs-doublet0our iniquity and our sinThe words “iniquity” and “sin” mean basically the same thing and are combined for emphasis. Alternate translation: “all our sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1633EXO349n6e5figs-metaphor0take us as your inheritanceSomething that someone possesses forever is spoken of as if it were something that they had inherited. Alternate translation: “take us as the people that you possess forever” or “accept us as the people who belong to you forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1634EXO3410zdq6figs-you0your peopleHere “your” refers to Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1635EXO3410bj1afigs-idiom0it is a fearful thing that I am doing with youA fearful thing is a thing that causes people to be afraid. In this case, people will fear God when they see what he does. Alternate translation: “what I do for you will cause people to fear me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1636EXO3410s7uzfigs-you0I am doing with youHere “you” refers to Moses and the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1637EXO3412b4590General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses. Here he tells him what Moses and the people must do.
1638EXO3412lxz8figs-metaphor0they will become a trap among youPeople who tempt others to sin are spoken of as if they were a trap. Alternate translation: “they will tempt you to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1639EXO3414vmx2figs-metonymy0Yahweh, whose name is JealousThe word “Jealous” here means that God is concerned to keep his honor. If his people worship other gods, he loses honor, because when his people do not honor him, other people also will not honor him. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, always guard my honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1640EXO3414s5sdfigs-metonymy0whose name is Jealous,The word “name” here represents Gods character. Alternate translation: “I, Yahweh, who am always jealous” or “I, Yahweh, am always jealous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1641EXO3415f1e30Connecting Statement:Yahweh continues to tell Moses how his people are to behave towards outsiders.
1642EXO3415gtd8figs-metaphor0for they prostitute themselves to their godsGod speaks of people worshiping other gods as if they were prostitutes going to other men. Alternate translation: “for they worship other gods” or “because they worship other gods like prostitutes who go to other men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1643EXO3415bj2ifigs-explicit0you will eat some of his sacrificeThe consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods” or “and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1644EXO3418s1rr0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1645EXO3418u5betranslate-numbers0seven days“7 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1646EXO3418i5cktranslate-hebrewmonths0in the month of AvivThis is the name of the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Aviv is during the last part of March and the first part of April on Western calendars. See how you translated “Aviv” in [Exodus 13:4](../13/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1647EXO3419ly7d0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1648EXO3420yz8x0buy backFirstborn sons and firstborn donkeys belonged to Yahweh, but Yahweh did not want them sacrificed to Him. Instead, the Israelites were to sacrifice a lamb in their place. This allowed the Israelites to buy the donkeys and sons back from Yahweh.
1649EXO3420u2p5figs-metonymy0No one may appear before me empty-handedGod speaks of the offering as if the person was to carry it in his hands. Alternate translation: “No one may come to me without an offering” or “Everyone who comes to me must bring me an offering” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1650EXO3421w9ed0General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1651EXO3421swm80Even at plowing time and in harvest“Even when you are preparing the soil or gathering the crops”
1652EXO3422d13l0Festival of IngatheringThis festival was also known as the Festival of Shelters or the Festival of Booths. The idea came from the practice of the farmers living in temporary booths, or huts, out in the fields to guard the crop as it ripened. The word “Ingathering” means when they harvest their crop.
1653EXO3423zh580General Information:Yahweh continues telling Moses what the people must do.
1654EXO3425zx2v0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
1655EXO3425e8v2figs-explicit0the blood of my sacrificeThe fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1656EXO3425k2f7figs-explicit0with any yeastThe fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “with bread that has yeast in it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1657EXO3428mm6l0Moses was there“Moses was on the mountain”
1658EXO3428j9t4translate-numbers0forty days“40 days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1659EXO3428wt1c0for forty days and nights“for forty days, both day and night”
1660EXO3428yun20He wrote“Moses wrote”
1661EXO3429d9zk0had become radiant“had started to shine”
1662EXO3431jfb40came up to him“approached him” or “went to him.” They did not go up the mountain.
1663EXO3432kt23figs-metaphor0all the commands that Yahweh had given himTelling commands is spoken of as if the commands were objects that could be given. Alternate translation: “all the commands that Yahweh had told him” or “everything that Yahweh had commanded them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1664EXO3434fzm10he would remove“Moses would remove”
1665EXO3434m1svfigs-activepassive0what he was commandedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what Yahweh had commanded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1666EXO35introlew90# Exodus 35 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Sacrifice<br>All of the people offered sacrifices to Yahweh. This was a form of worship and a sign of repentance from making the golden calf idol. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/worship]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])
1667EXO352c559translate-ordinal0the seventh day“day number seven” or “Saturday” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1668EXO352zij9figs-activepassive0Whoever does any work on that day must be put to deathThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must kill anyone who does work on that day” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1669EXO354jdb80General Information:In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
1670EXO355h5c80General Information:In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
1671EXO355n2c80Take an offering for Yahweh“Take up a collection for Yahweh”
1672EXO355y2x6figs-synecdoche0all of you who have a willing heartHere “heart” refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate translation: “everyone who is willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1673EXO356r12v0General Information:In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
1674EXO357nmv40General Information:In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
1675EXO357l5bq0ram skins dyed red and fine leather hidesSee how you translated similar phrases in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).
1676EXO358ikm40General Information:In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
1677EXO359f1dd0General Information:In Exodus 35:4-9, Moses tells the Israelites to make the things Yahweh commanded him in [Exodus 25:3-7](../25/03.md).
1678EXO3510c31r0General Information:Moses continues telling the people what God commanded them to do.
1679EXO3510dc4b0Every skilled man“Every man with a skill”
1680EXO3511j5t70claspsThe clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).
1681EXO3511syn40basesThese are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).
1682EXO3512rj7s0atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1683EXO3513x3tl0They brought“The people of Israel brought”
1684EXO3513l6410bread of the presenceThis bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/30.md).
1685EXO3516h1160bronze grateThis is a frame of crossed bronze bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated “grate” in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
1686EXO3517h8zl0hangingsThese were large curtains made of cloth. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
1687EXO3517x54f0postsThese were strong pieces of wood set upright and used as supports. See how you translated these in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).
1688EXO3517xtm80basesThese were blocks that had a slot in them to keep the board in place. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
1689EXO3518n44r0tent pegssharp pieces of wood or metal used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).
1690EXO3519x1pc0finely-woven garmentsThis was clothing made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
1691EXO3520w6rgfigs-metonymy0all the tribes of IsraelThis refers to the people in the tribes. Alternate translation: “the people from all the tribes of Israel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1692EXO3521b9wkfigs-synecdoche0whose heart stirred him upHere “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1693EXO3521be9zfigs-synecdoche0whom his spirit made willingHere “spirit” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “who was willing” or “who wanted to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1694EXO3522mwx8figs-synecdoche0all who had a willing heartHere “heart” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1695EXO3522wwp20brooches, earrings, rings, and ornamentsThese are different kinds of jewelry.
1696EXO3523s3ky0Everyone who had…brought themFor 35:23 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:4-5](../25/04.md).
1697EXO3525ebm50blue, purple, or scarlet woolPossible meanings are (1) “material that is dyed blue, purple, and scarlet,” probably wool yarn, or (2) “blue, purple and scarlet dye” to dye the linen. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 25:4](../25/04.md).
1698EXO3526k1gyfigs-synecdoche0whose hearts stirred them upHere “hearts” refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1699EXO3527f13n0The leaders brought…breastpieceFor 35:27 see how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).
1700EXO3528h3a10they brought spices…fragrant incenseFor 35:28 see how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md)
1701EXO3529li5zfigs-synecdoche0whose heart was willingHere “heart” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “who was willing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1702EXO3530z1e20Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur, from the tribe of JudahSee how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md)
1703EXO3531gse9figs-metaphor0He has filled Bezalel with his SpiritGods Spirit who gave Bezalel the ability to work is spoken of here as if he was something that filled up Bezalel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1704EXO3531zd740filled Bezalel…craftsmanshipSee how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:3](../31/03.md)
1705EXO3532r7e30to make artistic designs…bronzeSee how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:4](../31/04.md)
1706EXO3533fj6f0also to cut and set stones…craftsmanshipSee how you translated many similar words in [Exodus 31:5](../31/05.md)
1707EXO3534a1r80General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people.
1708EXO3534xd67figs-synecdoche0He has put it in his heart to teachHere “heart” refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate translation: “He gave Bezalel the ability to teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1709EXO3534ab2ztranslate-names0Oholiab son of Ahisamak, from the tribe of Dan“Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated these names in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1710EXO3535rcv9figs-metaphor0filled them with skillSkill to create beautiful objects is spoken of as if it was something that could fill up a person. Alternate translation: “made them very skillful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1711EXO3535me140engraversa person who cuts designs into a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal
1712EXO3535u7tf0embroidererspeople who sew designs into cloth
1713EXO3535r8zk0craftsmenpeople who are skilled in making beautiful objects by hand
1714EXO3535cw3x0weaversa person who creates cloth using thread
1715EXO3535a6c30artistic designersa person who creates beauty with materials
1716EXO36intronz4n0# Exodus 36 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tent of meeting<br>The tent of meeting, or tabernacle, mentioned in previous chapters is constructed in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
1717EXO361ubk20General Information:Moses continues speaking to the people.
1718EXO361ds99translate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1719EXO361tl5btranslate-names0OholiabThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1720EXO361tr3pfigs-metaphor0to whom Yahweh has given skill and abilityHere skill and ability are spoken of as if they are something that Yahweh can place inside a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1721EXO361mdi40according to all that Yahweh has commanded“just as Yahweh has commanded”
1722EXO362tgn2translate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1723EXO362wq6qtranslate-names0OholiabThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1724EXO362tda7figs-synecdoche0in whose mind Yahweh had given skillHere “mind” refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate translation: “to whom Yahweh had given skill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1725EXO362yuq8figs-synecdoche0whose heart stirred within himHere “heart” refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate translation: “who responded to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1726EXO365tni7figs-quotations0The craftsmen told Moses…commanded us to do.”The can be stated as an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “The craftsmen told Moses that the people were bringing much more than enough for doing the work that Yahweh has commanded them to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1727EXO365pd950The craftsmen told Moses“The men working on the sanctuary told Moses”
1728EXO368kw330General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).
1729EXO368l7ub0ten curtains made from fine linenThese curtains are sheets of cloth woven and sewed together so that they can hang to form a wall or tent.
1730EXO368s2hutranslate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1731EXO369p2mr0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:2](../26/02.md).
1732EXO3610z6sq0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:3](../26/03.md).
1733EXO3611yw910General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:4](../26/04.md).
1734EXO3611qh6e0He madeHere “he” refers to Bezalel, but it includes all the men working on the sanctuary.
1735EXO3611y7vq0loops of blueloops of blue cloth
1736EXO3611i4ba0curtainThese were large, heavy sections of woven cloth that were used to form the covering and dividing walls of the tabernacle. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:1](../26/01.md).
1737EXO3612k1qq0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:5](../26/05.md).
1738EXO3613z2zi0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).
1739EXO3613j75xtranslate-numbers0fifty gold clasps“50 gold clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1740EXO3614m2ac0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:7](../26/07.md).
1741EXO3614us17translate-numbers0made eleven“made 11” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1742EXO3615fa6i0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:8](../26/08.md).
1743EXO3615ret8translate-numbers0thirty cubits“30 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1744EXO3616wwj60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:9](../26/09.md).
1745EXO3617qt9b0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:10](../26/10.md).
1746EXO3617jm1ltranslate-numbers0fifty loops“50 loops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1747EXO3618mq1j0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:11](../26/11.md).
1748EXO3618a7mntranslate-numbers0fifty bronze clasps“50 bronze clasps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1749EXO3619p3ke0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:14](../26/14.md).
1750EXO3620t7390General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:15](../26/15.md).
1751EXO3621prx50General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:16](../26/16.md).
1752EXO3621gci3translate-bdistance0ten cubits…one and a half cubits“10 cubits…1.5 cubits” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1753EXO3622l8yx0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:17](../26/17.md).
1754EXO3622vq4m0two wooden pegs for joiningA wooden peg is a small piece of wood sticking out beyond the end of the board so it can be secured.
1755EXO3623ev650General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:18](../26/18.md).
1756EXO3624ln2x0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:19](../26/19.md).
1757EXO3624u5uetranslate-numbers0forty silver bases“40 silver bases” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1758EXO3624yx4btranslate-numbers0twenty frames“20 frames” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1759EXO3625w2wz0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:20](../26/20.md).
1760EXO3626gbm90General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:21](../26/21.md).
1761EXO3626b9dy0and so onThere will be two bases under each and every frame.
1762EXO3627a7js0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:22](../26/22.md).
1763EXO3627m6ue0on the weston the side that is on the west
1764EXO3628hw9c0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:23](../26/23.md).
1765EXO3628ma1f0for the back cornersfor the corners at the rear of the tabernacle
1766EXO3629u3960General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:24](../26/24.md).
1767EXO3630mu5n0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:25](../26/25.md).
1768EXO3630zls4translate-numbers0sixteen bases in all“16 bases in all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1769EXO3630r2520and so onThere will be two bases under each and every frame.
1770EXO3631cf2p0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:26](../26/26.md).
1771EXO3632p4wd0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:27](../26/27.md).
1772EXO3632tc6s0to the weston the west side
1773EXO3633h94y0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:28](../26/28.md).
1774EXO3633lk9f0from end to endfrom one side of the tabernacle to the other side
1775EXO3634i17v0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:29](../26/29.md).
1776EXO3635pfc50General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:31](../26/31.md).
1777EXO3636hg2q0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:32](../26/32.md).
1778EXO3637r5ya0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:36](../26/36.md).
1779EXO3637vv610He madeHere “he” refers to Bezalel and those working for him. “Bezalel and his men made”
1780EXO3637neu20a hanginga curtain
1781EXO3638pr670General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 26:37](../26/37.md).
1782EXO37intromt990# Exodus 37 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The ark of the covenant<br>The ark, mentioned in previous chapters, is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
1783EXO371byr30General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:10](../25/10.md).
1784EXO371xz1ttranslate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1785EXO371ps6etranslate-bdistance0two and a half cubits…one cubit and a halfA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1786EXO372kb3s0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:11](../25/11.md).
1787EXO373pb6v0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:12](../25/12.md).
1788EXO373ut8dfigs-metaphor0its four feetThese four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1789EXO374nr8y0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:13](../25/13.md).
1790EXO374n9kr0He madeThough “he” refers to Bezalel, “he” may include all of the workers who assisted him.
1791EXO375v9j70General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:14](../25/14.md).
1792EXO376liw80General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1793EXO376ba8atranslate-bdistance0two and a half cubits…one and a half cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2.5 cubits…1.5 cubits” or “115 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1794EXO377nhi30General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:18](../25/18.md).
1795EXO378g96y0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:19](../25/19.md).
1796EXO378y13sfigs-activepassive0They were made as one pieceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made them as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1797EXO379e6na0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:20](../25/20.md).
1798EXO379r7nmfigs-personification0The cherubim spread out their wings upward and overshadowedBezalel placed the statues of the cherubim as if they were real cherubim which were spreading their wings and overshadowing the atonement lid. Alternate translation: “They placed the winged creatures so that their wings touched each other and spread out over” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1799EXO379zsq10The cherubim faced one another and looked toward“The faces of the cherubim were towards each other, and they looked toward”
1800EXO3710ktf80General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:23](../25/23.md).
1801EXO3710fnt3translate-bdistance0two cubits…one cubit…one and a half cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. Alternate translation: “2 cubits…1 cubit…1.5 cubits” or “92 centimeters…46 centimeters…69 centimeters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1802EXO3711l2kv0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:24](../25/24.md).
1803EXO3712i1ba0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:25](../25/25.md).
1804EXO3712j4iqtranslate-bdistance0handbreadthThis was the width of a mans hand with fingers spread out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1805EXO3713b56c0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:26](../25/26.md).
1806EXO3713k69zfigs-metaphor0the four feetThese four pieces of wood that supported the ark are spoken of as if they were human or animal feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807EXO3714tc3u0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:27](../25/27.md).
1808EXO3714b3mafigs-activepassive0The rings were attachedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel attached the rings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1809EXO3715zkr80General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:28](../25/28.md).
1810EXO3716h5980General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:29](../25/29.md).
1811EXO3716ui2rfigs-explicit0dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offeringsIt is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. Alternate translation: “plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1812EXO3717edx60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).
1813EXO3717wp6l0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1814EXO3717s977figs-activepassive0Its cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers were all made of one piece with itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the cups, its leafy bases, and its flowers as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1815EXO3718kuh20General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:32](../25/32.md).
1816EXO3719g1y90General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:33](../25/33.md).
1817EXO3719j6vzfigs-activepassive0three cups made like almond blossomsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he made the 3 cups look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1818EXO3719cbe60almond blossomsAn almond blossom is a white or pink flower with five petals that grows on an almond tree.
1819EXO3720nl540General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:34](../25/34.md).
1820EXO3720bx63figs-activepassive0there were four cups made like almond blossomsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there were 4 cups which Bezalel made to look like almond blossoms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1821EXO3721x1u50General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:35](../25/35.md).
1822EXO3721v3c2figs-activepassive0made as one piece with itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which he made as one piece with the lampstand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1823EXO3722ks9z0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:36](../25/36.md).
1824EXO3723b2jq0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:37-38](../25/37.md).
1825EXO3723r4y10Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1826EXO3723njx70tongsThis is a tool made from two sticks of wood or metal connected at one end and used for picking up objects.
1827EXO3724uz5h0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 25:39](../25/39.md).
1828EXO3724arz1translate-bweight0one talent“33 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1829EXO3725el8w0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:1-2](../30/01.md).
1830EXO3725li9d0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1831EXO3725c8mgtranslate-bdistance0cubitA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1832EXO3725xq8kfigs-activepassive0Its horns were made as one piece with itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece with the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1833EXO3726ep660General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:3](../30/03.md).
1834EXO3727zez20General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:4](../30/04.md).
1835EXO3727d2v90Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1836EXO3727p89dfigs-activepassive0to be attached to itThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they attached to the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1837EXO3728hw370General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:5](../30/05.md).
1838EXO3729c9920General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 30:25](../30/25.md).
1839EXO3729z6850fragrant incenseSee how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md).
1840EXO3729akg90the work of a perfumerA perfumer is skilled in mixing spices and oils.
1841EXO38introhp860# Exodus 38 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The altar<br>The altar is constructed in this chapter. There are other furnishings of the tabernacle that are also produced in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])<br><br>### Materials<br>The list of materials being used is intended to give the reader an understanding of the scale of the tabernacle. It should fill the reader with awe concerning the power of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1842EXO381r81c0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:1](../27/01.md).
1843EXO381gk190Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1844EXO381g5extranslate-bdistance0cubitsOne cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1845EXO382g71x0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:2](../27/02.md).
1846EXO382se9lfigs-activepassive0The horns were made of one pieceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He made the horns as one piece” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1847EXO383v73t0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:3](../27/03.md).
1848EXO384rx7v0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md) and [Exodus 27:5](../27/05.md).
1849EXO384nb1q0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1850EXO384g5rbfigs-activepassive0to be placed under the ledgeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which they placed under the ledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1851EXO385kp6w0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
1852EXO386l2580General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:6](../27/06.md).
1853EXO386ihi90Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1854EXO387ys630General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:7-8](../27/07.md).
1855EXO387wa8g0planksa long, flat piece of wood that is thicker than a board
1856EXO388tqi90Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1857EXO388e6gd0large bronze basin with a bronze standThe stand supported the bronze basin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:18](../30/18.md).
1858EXO388mdx9figs-explicit0He made the basin out of mirrorsThe bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1859EXO388e1wq0mirrorsA mirror is a piece of polished metal or glass that reflects an image.
1860EXO389clk60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:9](../27/09.md).
1861EXO389j2nq0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1862EXO389i24atranslate-numbers0one hundred“100” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1863EXO389su7etranslate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1864EXO3810nz6q0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:10](../27/10.md).
1865EXO3810x9jntranslate-numbers0twenty“20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1866EXO3811mp6n0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:11](../27/11.md).
1867EXO3811kl3htranslate-numbers0one hundred…twenty“100…20” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1868EXO3811xl4ctranslate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1869EXO3812g5iz0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:12](../27/12.md).
1870EXO3812vuw5translate-numbers0fifty…ten“50…10” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1871EXO3813iju30General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:13](../27/13.md).
1872EXO3813fw1ktranslate-numbers0fifty“50” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1873EXO3813jl57translate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1874EXO3814n1xj0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:14](../27/14.md).
1875EXO3814b85etranslate-numbers0fifteen…three“15…3” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1876EXO3815dlq70General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:15](../27/15.md).
1877EXO3816s5zffigs-activepassive0All the hangings around the courtyard were made of fine linenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made all the hangings around the courtyard with fine linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1878EXO3817s5g50General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md).
1879EXO3817r7g6figs-activepassive0The bases for the posts were made of bronzeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bezalel and the workers made the bases for the posts out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1880EXO3817va1mfigs-activepassive0The hooks and rods for the posts were made of silver, and the covering for the tops of the posts was also made of silverThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the hooks, the rods for the posts, and the covering for the tops of the posts out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1881EXO3817i3bffigs-activepassive0All the courtyard posts were covered with silverThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They covered the courtyard posts with silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1882EXO3818hmi50General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:16](../27/16.md).
1883EXO3818h4kitranslate-numbers0twenty…five“20…5” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1884EXO3818yf6ztranslate-bdistance0cubitsA cubit is 46 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1885EXO3818trz5figs-activepassive0The curtain was made ofThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the curtain out of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1886EXO3819fjw40General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:17](../27/17.md).
1887EXO3819kqf3translate-numbers0four“4” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1888EXO3819a2ixfigs-activepassive0The covering for their tops and its rods were made of silverThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made the covering for the tops of the posts and their rods out of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1889EXO3820ye5c0General InformationSee how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).
1890EXO3820p55dfigs-activepassive0All the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard were made of bronzeThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They made all of the tent pegs for the tabernacle and courtyard out of bronze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1891EXO3821wqi50Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1892EXO3821k2exfigs-activepassive0as it was takenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which Moses instructed the Levites to write down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1893EXO3821ex1ttranslate-names0IthamarThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [Exodus 6:23](../06/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1894EXO3822d86gtranslate-names0Bezalel son of Uri son of Hur“Bezalel” and “uri” are the name of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1895EXO3822i4ha0Yahweh had commanded Moses“everything that Yahweh told Moses to do”
1896EXO3823f93btranslate-names0Oholiab son of Ahisamak“Oholiab” and “Ahisamak” are names of men. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:6](../31/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1897EXO3823wvw40an engraver, as a skillful workman, and as an embroiderer“as a skilled engraver and embroiderer”
1898EXO3824tl4kfigs-activepassive0All the gold that was used for the projectThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “All the gold that the people used for the project” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1899EXO3824y7hytranslate-numbers0twenty-nine talentsA talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “29 talents” or “about 960 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1900EXO3824tg3ftranslate-numbers0730 shekelsA shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “seven hundred and thirty shekels” or “about 8 kilograms.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1901EXO3824f6sqtranslate-bweight0measured by the standard of the sanctuary shekelThere were evidently shekels of more than one weight at the time. This specified which one was to be used. See how you translated this in [Exodus 30:13](../30/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1902EXO3825ni5btranslate-numbers0one hundred talentsA talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “100 talents” or “about 330 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1903EXO3825gn9ftranslate-numbers01,775 shekelsA shekel is 11 grams. “one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” or “about 20 kilograms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1904EXO3825egg4figs-activepassive0The silver given by the communityThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The silver which the community gave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1905EXO3826t2gitranslate-bweight0one bekaA beka is 1/2 a shekel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1906EXO3826fyy5translate-bweight0half a shekelA shekel is 11 grams. Alternate translation: “1/2 a shekel” or “five and a half grams” or “5 1/2 grams” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
1907EXO3826ll8b0This figure was reached on the basis of every person who was counted in the censusEvery man who was 20 years old or older was included in the census and was required to give half a shekel.
1908EXO3826c69ctranslate-numbers0twenty years old“20 years old” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1909EXO3827p7r5translate-bweight0One hundred talents of silver were castA talent is about 33 kilograms. Alternate translation: “The workers cast 100 talents of silver” or “The workers cast 3,300 kilograms of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1910EXO3827n8z7translate-numbers0One hundred talents“100 talents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1911EXO3828k2fitranslate-numbers01,775 shekels“one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1912EXO3828ii3ytranslate-bmoney0shekelsA shekel is a unit of weight equal to about 11 grams. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
1913EXO3828nxf5translate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1914EXO3829p3mrtranslate-numbers0seventy talents and 2,400 shekels“70 talents and two thousand four hundred shekels.” This would be about 2,300 kilograms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1915EXO3830zfk80General Information:Bezalels work crew continues to build the tabernacle and furniture.
1916EXO3830rck70grateThis is a frame of crossed bars for holding wood when burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
1917EXO3831bvr90tent pegsThese are sharp bronze stakes that were used to secure the corners of a tent to the ground. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:19](../27/19.md).
1918EXO39intromll60# Exodus 39 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The holy clothing<br>The special, holy clothing mentioned in previous chapters is produced in this chapter to the correct specifications. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
1919EXO391s66r0General Information:Bezalels work crew shifts to making the priestly garments.
1920EXO391ys6l0they madeThe word “they” refers to Bezalel, Oholiab, and the other workmen.
1921EXO391h8kg0as Yahweh had commanded Moses“just as Yahweh told Moses to do”
1922EXO392b9mg0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:6](../28/06.md).
1923EXO392ain40Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1924EXO392p5xytranslate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1925EXO394c7lu0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:7](../28/07.md).
1926EXO394pq620Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1927EXO395g75w0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
1928EXO395wf2ifigs-activepassive0it was made of one piece with the ephod, made of fine twined linenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they made it as one piece with the ephod with fine twisted linen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1929EXO395cc560as Yahweh had commanded Moses“just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md).
1930EXO396k7vw0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:9](../28/09.md) and [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).
1931EXO396h1bz0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1932EXO396naa80signetThis was an engraved stone that was used to stamp a design in a wax seal. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:11](../28/11.md).
1933EXO396ajh3translate-numbers0twelve sons“12 sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1934EXO397ize60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:12](../28/12.md).
1935EXO397d24m0as Yahweh had commanded Moses“just as Yahweh told Moses to do.” See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 39:1](../39/01.md).
1936EXO398mlf60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:15](../28/15.md).
1937EXO398gj9p0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1938EXO398k7b60He made“Bezalel made” or “Bezalel and the workers made”
1939EXO399lkt10General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:16](../28/16.md).
1940EXO399f4mstranslate-bdistance0spanA span is 23 centimeters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
1941EXO3910xzb80General Information:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1942EXO3910m54c0They set in it“The workers set in the breastpiece”
1943EXO3910cmv1translate-unknown0ruby, a topaz, and a garnetSome languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17](../28/17.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1944EXO3911qx96translate-unknown0an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamondSome languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:18](../28/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1945EXO3912kk8ttranslate-unknown0a jacinth, an agate, and an amethystSome languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:19](../28/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1946EXO3913l9watranslate-unknown0a beryl, an onyx, and a jasperSome languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:20](../28/20.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1947EXO3913h3bwfigs-activepassive0The stones were mounted in gold settingsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They mounted the stones in gold settings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1948EXO3914z5va0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:21](../28/21.md).
1949EXO3914a9bw0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1950EXO3914yby8figs-activepassive0The stones were arrangedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The workers arranged the stones” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1951EXO3915byz80General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:22](../28/22.md).
1952EXO3916b8m60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:23-24](../28/23.md).
1953EXO3917w2s40General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:24](../28/24.md).
1954EXO3917v4i50Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1955EXO3917lc2x0two braided chains“chains that are made of pure gold and are braided like cords.” See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:14](../28/14.md).
1956EXO3918bw760General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:25](../28/25.md).
1957EXO3919nd410General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:26](../28/26.md).
1958EXO3919del50Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1959EXO3920w8wz0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:27](../28/27.md).
1960EXO3920l1dz0finely-woven waistbandThis was a cloth belt made from narrow linen threads that someone twisted together to make a stronger thread. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:8](../28/08.md).
1961EXO3921zu910General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:28](../28/28.md).
1962EXO3921uq610Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1963EXO3921h1ybfigs-activepassive0so that it might be attachedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so they could attach it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1964EXO3921scn8figs-doublenegatives0the breastpiece might not become unattached from the ephodThe double negative can be translated as a positive. Alternate translation: “the breastpiece would stay attached to the ephod” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1965EXO3922vdw10General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:31-32](../28/31.md).
1966EXO3922n25q0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1967EXO3922p8nvtranslate-names0BezalelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Exodus 31:2](../31/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1968EXO3923cyc10General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:32](../28/32.md).
1969EXO3924eak60General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:33](../28/33.md).
1970EXO3925sx9b0General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).
1971EXO3925f8t30Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments as commanded in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).
1972EXO3925x1ww0bells of pure goldThese were tiny bells.
1973EXO3926gtg50General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:34-35](../28/34.md).
1974EXO3927pz630General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:39](../28/39.md).
1975EXO3927rp6p0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments.
1976EXO3928um4e0turbanThis is a head covering worn by men made of a long strip of cloth wound around the head. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md).
1977EXO3928jex80headbandsA headband is a narrow, decorative strip of cloth that is worn around the head above the eyes. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:40](../28/40.md).
1978EXO3928c4prfigs-explicit0undergarmentsThis is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. See how you translated this in [Exodus 28:42](../28/42.md). Alternate translation: “underwear” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1979EXO3929hn5g0sashThis is a long piece of cloth worn over the shoulder or around the waist. See how you translated this word in [Exodus 28:4](../28/04.md)
1980EXO3930kq330General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:36](../28/36.md).
1981EXO3930m6jj0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to make the priestly garments..
1982EXO3930d85k0holy crownThis was an engraved crown made of pure gold. See how you translated this in [Exodus 29:6](../29/06.md).
1983EXO3931fml20General Information:See how you translated many of these words in [Exodus 28:37](../28/37.md).
1984EXO3932jh640General Information:The Israelites finish making the things Yahweh commanded in [Exodus 35:4-9](../35/04.md) and [Exodus 35:10-12](../35/10.md).
1985EXO3932z1z7figs-doublet0So the work on the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, was finished. The people of Israel did everythingThe “tabernacle” and “tent of meeting” are the same thing. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people of Israel finished all of the work on the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1986EXO3933y9ym0claspsThe clasps fit into the loops to hold the curtains together. See how you translated these in [Exodus 26:6](../26/06.md).
1987EXO3933b3q30basesThese are heavy objects that rest on the ground and keep the object attached to them from moving. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:31](../25/31.md).
1988EXO3934z6r60the covering of ram skins dyed red, the covering of fine leatherSee how you translated similar phrases in this in [Exodus 25:5](../25/05.md).
1989EXO3935i7d90atonement lidThis is the lid that sits on top of the ark where the atonement offering was made. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:17](../25/17.md).
1990EXO3936lvq30Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses.
1991EXO3936knn80bread of the presenceThis bread represented the presence of God. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:30](../25/30.md).
1992EXO3939e7550grateThis is a frame of crossed bars that held wood while burning. See how you translated this in [Exodus 27:4](../27/04.md).
1993EXO3940i8lm0Connecting Statement:Bezalels work crew continues to present all that they made to Moses.
1994EXO3940m3x90They brought“The people of Israel brought”
1995EXO3940ajt40the tabernacle, the tent of meetingThese refer to the same place.
1996EXO3942ct6k0Thus the people“And so the people”
1997EXO3943t26m0beholdThe word “behold” here draws attention to the information that follows.
1998EXO3943z79s0As Yahweh had commanded, in that way they did it“They did it in the way that Yahweh had commanded them”
1999EXO40introfa6e0# Exodus 40 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter is repetitive and should read as a series of instructions. It is repeated as well to show that Moses was obedient to every detail of Yahwehs command.<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “Yahwehs glory filled the tabernacle”<br>This phrase indicates that Yahweh began to dwell within the tabernacle, among Israel, in a special way. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tabernacle]])
2000EXO402crr5translate-hebrewmonths0the first day of the first month of the new yearThe new year marks the time when God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2001EXO403iv520General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2002EXO403l7fp0place the ark of the testimony in it“place the ark of the covenant decrees in the sacred chest”
2003EXO403psu30shield the ark with the curtain“put the ark behind the curtain”
2004EXO405n4wx0General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2005EXO405a4xe0ark of the testimonyThis refers to the “sacred chest.”
2006EXO408zfl60General Information:Yahweh continues to tell Moses what the people must do.
2007EXO409ce7i0all its furnishings“all the things that are a part of it”
2008EXO4012yiq80General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
2009EXO4012j7ea0You are to bringMoses will do these things himself.
2010EXO4013bs4jfigs-activepassive0that are set apart to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that you have set apart to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2011EXO4014w7yw0General Information:Yahweh continues speaking to Moses.
2012EXO4015js170throughout their peoples generations“through all the generations of their descendants.” See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 12:14](../12/14.md).
2013EXO4017r6pcfigs-activepassive0So the tabernacle was set upThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So the people set up the tabernacle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2014EXO4017gzu5translate-hebrewmonths0the first day of the first monthThis refers to exactly one year after God rescued his people from Egypt. This happens around the middle of March on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Exodus 40:2](../40/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2015EXO4017wnh8translate-ordinal0in the second yearThis is the second year after Yahweh brought his people out of Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2016EXO4018kk4nfigs-explicit0Moses set upMoses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2017EXO4018c6rm0postsa strong piece of wood set upright and used as a support
2018EXO4021l31p0He broughtMoses was the leader. He had workers helping him.
2019EXO4021n8r90for it to shield“in front of”
2020EXO4024sw1wfigs-explicit0He put the lampstand into the tent of meetingMoses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “Moses workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2021EXO4026i5ggfigs-explicit0in front of the curtainThis curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2022EXO4031bf9cfigs-explicit0washed their hands and their feet from the basinThey washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate translation: “washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2023EXO4033y62kוַ⁠יְצַ֣ו0In this way“And so”
2024EXO4034ysd8כָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ0Yahwehs glory filled“Yahwehs awesome presence filled”
2025EXO4036ak35figs-activepassiveלֵ⁠אמֹ֑ר כָּל־הַ⁠בֵּ֣ן הַ⁠יִּלּ֗וֹד הַ⁠יְאֹ֨רָ⁠ה֙ תַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ וְ⁠כָל־הַ⁠בַּ֖ת תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן0was taken up from over- **saying, “You shall throw every new-born son into the river, but every daughter you shall let live.”** - A single layer direct quote. While this particular instruction is very easy to rephrase as an indirect quote (in English), the use of **saying** in Hebrew suggests that this should be translated as a direct quotation if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2026EXO4037s8y2figs-activepassiveתַּשְׁלִיכֻ֔⁠הוּ תְּחַיּֽוּ⁠ן0that it was lifted up- **you shall** - These are plural referring to all Pharaohs people.