Testing_ABC_en_tn/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv

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2PROfrontintrospe40# Introduction to Proverbs<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of Proverbs<br><br>1. Solomon introduces his proverbs (1:17)<br>1. Collection of teachings (1:89:18)<br>1. Proverbs of Solomon (10:122:16)<br>1. Words of wise men (22:1724:22)<br>1. More words of wise men (24:2334)<br>1. More proverbs of Solomon (25:129:27)<br>1. The words of Agur (30:133)<br>1. The words of Lemuel (31:19)<br>1. A good wife praised (31:1031)<br><br>### What is the book of Proverbs about?<br><br>A proverb is a short statement that expresses some wisdom or truth. Most societies have their own proverbs. People that speak a given language can readily understand proverbs in that language.<br><br>The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. It also includes teachings about how to live wisely. Scholars refer to Proverbs, Psalms, Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs as wisdom literature. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Words for Wise People,” “Words that Give Wisdom,” or something similar.<br><br>### Who wrote the book of Proverbs?<br><br>Proverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” But Solomon did not write all of the proverbs. Unnamed wise men may have written some of them. Agur the son of Jakeh (30:1) and King Lemuel (31:1) identify themselves as writing some of the proverbs.<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?<br><br>“Wisdom” means the understanding and doing of what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh would judge to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. The book of Proverbs also acknowledges that it is important to maintain ones honor or reputation in the opinion of other people. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### What form do the individual proverbs have?<br><br>Most proverbs have two parts or two lines that are “parallel” to each other. The second part may strengthen the first, may give more details about the first, or may even say what seems the opposite of the first. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>### How should personification be represented in translation?<br><br>In Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and understanding are often represented as if they were wise women, as in [Proverbs 3:15-18](../03/15.md), [Proverbs 4:6-9](../04/06.md), and elsewhere. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, in many languages this kind of direct translation is not possible. In such a case, the translator may be able to translate these personifications as similes instead. This means they would present wisdom or understanding as being like a wise woman whom people should obey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3PRO1introy4et0# Proverbs 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4PRO11q6pnwriting-poetry0General Information:Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
5PRO12iaq1figs-abstractnouns0to teach wisdom and instructionThis can be reworded so that the abstract nouns “wisdom” and “instruction” can be stated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “to teach you how to be wise and to instruct you about how to live moral lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6PRO12rs3p0to teach words of insight“to help you understand wise teachings”
7PRO13ew1zfigs-you0that you may receiveHere “you” refers to the readers. If it is more natural in your language you can state it as an inclusive “we.” Alternate translation: “that we may receive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
8PRO13aun5figs-abstractnouns0may receive instruction in order to liveThis can be reworded so that the abstract noun “instruction” is stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “may be instructed how to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
9PRO14be4cfigs-abstractnouns0are also to give wisdom to the naiveThis can be reworded so that the abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective “wise.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “also teach to those who are naive how to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10PRO14j62d0naiveinexperienced or immature
11PRO14p2cafigs-abstractnouns0to give knowledge and discretion to young peopleThe abstract nouns “knowledge” and “discretion” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “and to teach to young people what they need to know and how to discern the right thing to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12PRO14wxv50discretionknowing what should be done in a particular situation
13PRO15lrm20Let wise people listen and increase their learning“Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more”
14PRO15r7sn0let discerning people get guidance“let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions”
15PRO16rcl90riddlessayings that one can understand only after thinking about them
16PRO17r9nd0General Information:A father teaches his child.
17PRO17ga710YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
18PRO17l9za0fools despise wisdom and instruction“those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools”
19PRO18p2x9figs-idiom0do not lay asideThis is an idiom that means “do not ignore” or “do not reject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20PRO19qxp8figs-metaphor0they will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neckThe rules and instructions that parents teach their children are so valuable and important that they are spoken of as if they were a beautiful wreath or pendant that a person wears. Alternate translation: “they will make you wise just as wearing a wreath on your head or a pendant around your neck makes you beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21PRO19h55y0wreathan woven circle made of leaves or flowers
22PRO19l3ql0pendantsjewelry that is worn around the neck
23PRO110y9bt0try to entice you into their sin“try to persuade you to sin as they do”
24PRO110e1wu0refuse to follow them“refuse them” or “do not listen to them”
25PRO111f89hfigs-hypo0If they sayHere the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
26PRO111nvn90lie in wait“hide and wait for the right time”
27PRO112b8bq0General Information:Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.
28PRO112w4w6figs-metaphor0Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthyThe sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29PRO112jg5zfigs-personification0Let us swallow…like Sheol takes awayThis speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
30PRO112kea40like Sheol takes away those who are healthyThe wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.
31PRO112ayt40make them like those who fall into the pitPossible meanings are (1) this refers to travelers who fall into a deep hole where no one will ever find them or (2) here “pit” is another word that means Sheol or the place where dead people go.
32PRO114x2p6figs-idiom0Throw in your lot with usThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Join us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
33PRO114l56rfigs-metonymy0we will all have one purse togetherHere “purse” represents everything that they steal. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34PRO114ci4y0pursea bag for carrying money
35PRO115t25ufigs-metaphor0do not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walkTo avoid behaving the same way as the sinners do is spoken of as if the son were to avoid walking on or even touching the roads that sinners walk on. Alternate translation: “do not go with the sinners or do what they do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36PRO116vap2figs-metaphor0their feet run to evilThe sinners having an eager interest in doing evil things is spoken of as if they were running to evil. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do wicked things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37PRO116v6fcfigs-synecdoche0their feet runHere “feet” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “they run” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
38PRO116m7uifigs-metonymy0to shed bloodHere “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
39PRO117g5jdfigs-metaphor0For it is useless to spread the net in the sight of any birdThis metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40PRO118ulr3figs-metaphor0These men lie in wait for their own blood—they set an ambush for their own livesThis finishes the comparison started in [Proverbs 1:17](../01/17.md). The men destroying themselves by doing sinful things is spoken of as if they set a trap and kill themselves. Alternate translation: “But these men are more foolish than the birds. They kill themselves with their own traps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41PRO118b16mfigs-metaphor0These men lie in wait for their own bloodTo lie in wait is to hide, ready to do something wicked. Alternate translation: “It is as if they are looking for an opportunity to kill themselves” or “They themselves will be killed because they try to kill others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42PRO118vs5nfigs-metonymy0their own bloodHere “blood” is a metonym for a violent death. Alternate translation: “to kill themselves violently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
43PRO118rih3figs-metonymy0they set an ambush for their own livesHere “their own lives” is a metonym for themselves. Alternate translation: “it is as if they are the ones who are waiting to suddenly attack and kill them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
44PRO119fz7sfigs-metaphor0So are the ways of everyoneA persons fate or destiny is spoken of as if it were a road a person walks on. Alternate translation: “This is what happens to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45PRO119su23figs-metaphor0unjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to itA person destroying themselves by trying to gain wealth through violence, theft, and deceit is spoken of as if the unjust gains will kill those who take it. Alternate translation: “it is like the unjust gains will destroy those who hold on to it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
46PRO120xza5figs-personification0General Information:In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
47PRO120pj5ifigs-personification0Wisdom cries aloudIf your language does not allow you to treat wisdom as a woman shouting to the people in the city, you might try something like “Grandmother Wisdom cries aloud” or “Honored Miss Wisdom cries aloud” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries aloud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
48PRO120u7zcfigs-idiom0raises her voiceThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
49PRO120pj5vfigs-explicit0in the open placesThis means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate translation: “in the markets” or “in the town squares” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
50PRO121ggk10at the head of the noisy streetsPossible meanings are (1) “head” refers to the place where busy streets intersect or (2) “head” refers to the top of a wall where people on noisy streets could see and hear wisdom speaking.
51PRO122jk3xfigs-rquestion0How long, you naive people, will you love being naive?Wisdom uses this question to rebuke those who are not wise. Alternate translation: “You who are naive must stop loving being naive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
52PRO122v3nj0naiveinexperienced or immature
53PRO122j83hfigs-rquestion0How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge?Wisdom uses this question to rebuke the mockers and the fools. Alternate translation: “You who mock must stop delighting in mockery, and you fools must stop hating knowledge.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
54PRO123v9unfigs-personification0General Information:Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
55PRO123uv1b0Pay attention“Listen carefully”
56PRO123t4c9figs-metaphor0I will pour out my thoughts to youWisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
57PRO123c7ci0I will make my words known to you“I will tell you what I think”
58PRO124i835figs-idiom0I reached out with my handThis phrase is an idiom that means to beckon someone or to invite a person to come. Alternate translation: “I invited you to come to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
59PRO126y4fk0General Information:Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.
60PRO126r8lxgrammar-connect-words-phrases0I will laughThis can be stated with the word “therefore” to show that the woman wisdom laughs at them because they ignored her. Alternate translation: “Therefore I will laugh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
61PRO126p97h0at your calamity“when bad things happen to you”
62PRO127kd9mfigs-simile0when your fearful dread comes like a storm…like a whirlwind…come upon youTerrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
63PRO127uy590whirlwinda very strong wind storm that causes damage
64PRO128m9t9figs-personification0Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
65PRO128g5w70Then they will call upon me“Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help”
66PRO129xk1efigs-abstractnouns0Because they hate knowledgeThe abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as the verb “learn.” Alternate translation: “Because they refused to learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
67PRO129iu3zfigs-abstractnouns0did not choose the fear of YahwehThe abstract noun “fear” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “did not fear Yahweh” or “did not honor and respect Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
68PRO130h1ds0would not follow my instruction“would not accept my instruction” or “rejected my advice”
69PRO131nr9k0General Information:Verse 33 ends wisdoms statement that began in [Proverbs 1:22](../01/22.md).
70PRO131wkf7figs-metaphor0eat the fruit of their waysHere a persons behavior is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Also, a person receiving the results of their behavior is spoken as if the person were eating the fruit of their behavior. Alternate translation: “experience the consequences of their actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71PRO131c1jcfigs-metaphor0with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled“they will eat the fruit of their schemes until they are full.” A person receiving the results of their own evil plans is spoken of as eating the fruit of their schemes. Alternate translation: “they will suffer the consequences of their own evil plans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72PRO132t8af0naiveinexperienced or immature
73PRO132d3pkfigs-metaphor0are killed when they turn awayA person rejecting wisdom is spoken of as if the person physically turns away from wisdom. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “die because they refuse to learn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
74PRO132le64figs-abstractnouns0the indifference of fools will destroy themThe abstract noun “indifference” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “fools will die because they do not care about what should be done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
75PRO132cmi90indifferencea lack of interest about something
76PRO2introwr6i0# Proverbs 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
77PRO21gj7rfigs-parallelism0General Information:A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
78PRO21wtm10if you receive my words“if you listen to what I am teaching you”
79PRO21jh3ifigs-metaphor0treasure up my commandments with youValuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80PRO22an5cfigs-idiom0make your ears pay attentionThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81PRO22w1ilfigs-abstractnouns0to wisdomThis abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
82PRO22gme3figs-metonymy0incline your heart to understandingHere “heart” represents a persons mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate ones mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
83PRO23j5n7figs-parallelism0If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for itBoth of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
84PRO23q192figs-idiom0raise your voiceThis is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
85PRO24ci1kfigs-parallelism0if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasuresBoth phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
86PRO24ll3nfigs-metaphor0you seek it…search for understandingTrying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
87PRO25h49hfigs-metaphor0you will find the knowledge of GodTo succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
88PRO26g5bjfigs-synecdoche0from his mouth comes knowledge and understandingHere “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
89PRO27jn6bfigs-metaphor0He stores up sound wisdom for those who please himYahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
90PRO27dv7k0sound“dependable”
91PRO27m2mifigs-metaphor0he is a shield for thoseYahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92PRO27u4zrfigs-metaphor0who walk in integrityA person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
93PRO28qt7rfigs-metaphor0he guards the paths of justicePossible meanings are (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a persons life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
94PRO28t2qdfigs-metaphor0preserve the way of his faithful onesA persons life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
95PRO29qn9x0equityfairness
96PRO29ex8yfigs-metaphor0every good pathA behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
97PRO210kf4ifigs-metonymy0wisdom will come into your heartHere “heart” represents a persons inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a persons heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
98PRO210z4e2figs-synecdoche0pleasant to your soulHere “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
99PRO211jbm7figs-personification0Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard youThis speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
100PRO211q2th0Discretionthe quality of being careful in actions and speech
101PRO211dnu80watch overto guard, protect or take care of someone or something
102PRO212ix2efigs-personification0They will rescue you from the way of evil“They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
103PRO212vs4cfigs-metaphor0from the way of evilEvil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104PRO213a5k8figs-metaphor0who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darknessA person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
105PRO213tc6p0who abandonThe word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
106PRO213q9by0abandonto leave and never return to someone or something
107PRO214e5710They rejoice“They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
108PRO214t4yzfigs-parallelism0delight in the perversities of evilThis means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
109PRO215jpq2figs-metaphor0They follow crooked pathsPeople who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110PRO215lsl5figs-metaphor0using deception they hide their tracksPeople lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111PRO216erj50General Information:The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.
112PRO216p5k9figs-personification0Wisdom and discretion will save youThe writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
113PRO217c2iu0the companion of her youthThis refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
114PRO217awb40the covenant of her GodThis likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
115PRO218dn9d0her house sinks down to deathPossible meanings are (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
116PRO218kl7yfigs-metaphor0her tracks will lead youPossible meanings are (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
117PRO218hwl4figs-metonymy0to those in the graveThis refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
118PRO219n7tgfigs-euphemism0go in to herThis means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
119PRO219zg4r0they will not find the paths of lifePossible meanings are (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
120PRO220ts710SoThe writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
121PRO220fiw6figs-metaphor0you will walk in the way…follow the pathsA persons conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way…follow the example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
122PRO222r5smfigs-metaphor0the wicked will be cut off from the landThe writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
123PRO222w94mfigs-nominaladj0the wicked…the faithlessThese are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked…those who are faithless” or “wicked people…faithless people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
124PRO222cmv9figs-metaphor0the faithless will be cut off from itThe writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
125PRO3introa94e0# Proverbs 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
126PRO31p6r4figs-parallelism0General Information:The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
127PRO31f5cvfigs-abstractnouns0do not forget my commandsThe word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
128PRO31tk78figs-parallelism0keep my teachings in your heartThis phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
129PRO32r3iafigs-doublet0for the length of your days and years of your lifeThese two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a persons life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
130PRO33w5infigs-personification0Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave youThe writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
131PRO33xj6jfigs-metaphor0tie them together about your neckThe writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
132PRO33i4ptfigs-metonymy0write them on the tablet of your heartHere the heart represents a persons mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
133PRO34g3fyfigs-metaphor0in the sight of God and manHere sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
134PRO35w345figs-metonymy0all your heartHere the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
135PRO35m1v4figs-metaphor0do not lean on your own understandingThe writer speaks of relying on ones own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136PRO36c7brfigs-metaphor0in all your waysThe writer speaks of a persons actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137PRO36m1v6figs-metaphor0he will make your paths straightThe writer speaks of Yahweh making a persons actions prosperous as if that persons actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
138PRO37y6isfigs-metaphor0Do not be wise in your own eyesThe writer speaks of a persons opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
139PRO37au5sfigs-metaphor0turn away from evilThe writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
140PRO38du95figs-explicit0It will be healing to your fleshThe word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
141PRO39thp20all your produce“all the food you harvest”
142PRO310z9amfigs-activepassive0your storehouses will be filled upThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
143PRO310y7db0storehousesbuildings or rooms where food is stored
144PRO310vtx60your vats will be burstingyour storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
145PRO311f4sx0General Information:The writer writes as a father teaching his son.
146PRO312gpk5figs-explicit0a son who pleases him“a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the fathers affection for the son, and not to the fathers approval of the sons behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
147PRO313d1nqfigs-metaphor0The one who finds wisdomThe writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
148PRO314gy740what silver will give in returnThis refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
149PRO315y2ylfigs-personification0General Information:The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
150PRO315vxz80more precious“more valuable”
151PRO316p6g3figs-personification0She has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honorThe writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
152PRO316k6irfigs-idiom0length of her daysThis idiom refers to the duration of persons life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
153PRO317mfb4figs-personification0Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peaceThe writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
154PRO318le9qfigs-metaphor0She is a tree of life to those who take hold of itThe writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155PRO318l7hn0a tree of life“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
156PRO318ka8x0those who hold on to it“those who hold on to its fruit”
157PRO319c1nffigs-metaphor0Yahweh founded the earth…established the heavensThe writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth…made the heavens” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
158PRO320ulw3figs-explicit0the depths broke openIn ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
159PRO320b6d20dewwater that forms on the ground at night
160PRO321xa9ffigs-metaphor0do not lose sight of themThe writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
161PRO322mr5lfigs-synecdoche0They will be life to your soulHere the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
162PRO322x4q3figs-metaphor0an adornment of favor to wear around your neckThe writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
163PRO322r2k80adornment of favorPossible meanings are (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahwehs favor.”
164PRO323k64jfigs-metaphor0you will walk on your way in safetyThe writer speaks of living ones life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
165PRO323d5hdfigs-synecdoche0your foot will not stumbleThe word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
166PRO324f69hfigs-explicit0when you lie downIt is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
167PRO324q2v4figs-metaphor0your sleep will be sweetThe writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
168PRO325ds94figs-activepassive0devastation caused by the wicked, when it comesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
169PRO326aw88figs-idiom0Yahweh will be on your side“Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another persons side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
170PRO326z3yefigs-metaphor0will keep your foot from being caught in a trapThe writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
171PRO327yl8a0Do not withhold good“Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
172PRO327sqz50when it is in your power to act“when you are able to help”
173PRO328e1qg0when you have the money with you“when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
174PRO331pae7figs-explicit0Do not…choose any of his waysIt is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not…choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
175PRO332eu7k0the devious person is detestable to Yahweh“Yahweh detests the devious person”
176PRO332n8ed0the devious personthe person who is dishonest or deceitful
177PRO332uy1efigs-explicit0he brings the upright person into his confidenceYahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
178PRO333h6nsfigs-metaphor0The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked personThe writer speaks of Yahwehs curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked persons house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
179PRO333q866figs-metonymy0he blesses the home of righteous peopleThe word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
180PRO334kb65figs-metaphor0he gives his favor to humble peopleThe writer speaks of Yahwehs favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
181PRO335y7vzfigs-metaphor0Wise people inherit honorThe writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
182PRO335b6jxfigs-metaphor0fools will be lifted up in their shameThe writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
183PRO4introz4ah0# Proverbs 04 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Wisdom is feminine<br><br>You may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
184PRO41hqv10General Information:The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
185PRO41zck60pay attention“listen carefully”
186PRO41s4lm0you will know what understanding is“you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
187PRO42paf30I am giving you good instructions“What I am teaching you is good”
188PRO43y999figs-explicit0When I was a son of my fatherThis refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his fathers care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
189PRO43n5kefigs-hendiadys0the tender and only childHere the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
190PRO44b7y3figs-metonymy0Let your heart hold fast to my wordsHere the word “heart” represents the persons mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191PRO45rat90General Information:The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.
192PRO45ft420Acquire wisdom“Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
193PRO45fb3y0do not forget“remember”
194PRO45m3uv0do not reject“accept”
195PRO45su5gfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouthHere the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
196PRO46zc73figs-personification0do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safeThe writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
197PRO46vrf50do not abandon wisdomThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
198PRO46h75g0love her“love wisdom”
199PRO47zu2p0General Information:The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
200PRO47guq50spend all you own so you can get understanding“value understanding more than all you own”
201PRO48pa2ifigs-personification0Cherish wisdom and she will exalt youThe writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
202PRO48x13z0Cherishto feel or show great love for someone or something
203PRO48k4flfigs-personification0she will honor you when you embrace herThe writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
204PRO49z38efigs-metaphor0She will put a wreath of honor on your headThe writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that persons head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
205PRO49beu80wreatha woven circle made of leaves or flowers
206PRO49z184figs-metaphor0she will give you a beautiful crownThe writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that persons head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
207PRO410p1f40pay attention to my words“listen carefully to what I teach you”
208PRO410l7bx0you will have many years in your life“you will live many years”
209PRO411h1qlfigs-metaphor0I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight pathsThe writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
210PRO412xxp4figs-metaphor0When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumbleThese two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
211PRO413d7gkfigs-metaphor0Hold on to instruction, do not let it goThe writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
212PRO413ljf9figs-metonymy0for it is your lifeThe writer speaks of discipline preserving a persons life as if it were that persons life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
213PRO414gi8lfigs-metaphor0Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evilThe writer speaks of a persons actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
214PRO415cr8d0Avoid it“Avoid the path of the wicked”
215PRO416n1jzfigs-hyperbole0they cannot sleep until they do evilThey probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
216PRO416a2jqfigs-hyperbole0they are robbed of sleepThe writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
217PRO416bvp7figs-metaphor0until they cause someone to stumbleThe writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
218PRO417vfi9figs-metaphor0they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violencePossible meanings are (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
219PRO418w7hufigs-metaphor0the path of righteous peopleThe writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
220PRO418etf9figs-simile0the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighterThe writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
221PRO418i5k70the first lightThis refers to the dawn or sunrise.
222PRO418jv88figs-idiom0until the fullness of the day comesThis refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
223PRO419bqj5figs-metaphor0The way of the wickedThe writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
224PRO419mj9lfigs-simile0The way of the wicked is like darknessThe writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
225PRO419m9yhfigs-metaphor0they do not know what it is they stumble overThe writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
226PRO420w8jd0pay attention“listen carefully”
227PRO420kji2figs-synecdoche0incline your ear to my sayingsHere the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
228PRO421zdv5figs-metaphor0Do not let them turn away from your eyesThe writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
229PRO421a189figs-metaphor0keep them in your heartThe writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within ones heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
230PRO422jnu1figs-metonymy0my words are lifeThe writer speaks of his words preserving a persons life as if they were that persons life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
231PRO422lby5figs-metaphor0to those who find themThe writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
232PRO422d57yfigs-ellipsis0health to their whole bodyThe word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
233PRO423pf19figs-metonymy0Keep your heart safe and guard itHere the word “heart” represents a persons mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
234PRO423klv30with all diligencewith constant and earnest effort
235PRO423n8vdfigs-metonymy0from it flow the springs of lifeThe word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a persons life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
236PRO424a2swfigs-metaphor0Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from youThe writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
237PRO425il8gfigs-synecdoche0Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before youHere the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
238PRO426nt2zfigs-synecdoche0Make a level path for your footHere the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a persons actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
239PRO426g2a20a level path“a smooth path” or “an even path”
240PRO426xyn9figs-metaphor0then all your ways will be secureThe writer speaks of a persons actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
241PRO427h89ufigs-merism0Do not turn aside to the right or to the leftThe directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
242PRO427j3tnfigs-synecdoche0turn your foot away from evilHere the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
243PRO5introjxf10# Proverbs 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
244PRO51vi270General Information:The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
245PRO51nl9hfigs-synecdoche0incline your earsHere the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
246PRO52cei40discretionDiscretion is the quality of being careful with regard to ones actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
247PRO52la7ffigs-synecdoche0your lips may protect knowledgeHere the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the persons lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
248PRO53zxr9figs-metonymy0the lips of an adulteress drip with honeyPossible meanings are (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
249PRO53z9rmfigs-metonymy0her mouth is smoother than oilPossible meanings are (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
250PRO54pd3gfigs-metaphor0but in the end she is as bitter as wormwoodThe writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
251PRO54m3sn0wormwooda plant that tastes bitter
252PRO54jy84figs-metaphor0cutting like a sharp swordThe writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
253PRO55kc88figs-synecdoche0Her feet go down to deathHere “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254PRO55g7qffigs-metaphor0her steps go all the way to SheolThe writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
255PRO56nxc1figs-metaphor0She gives no thought to the path of lifeThe writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
256PRO56iki30Her footsteps wanderPossible meanings are (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
257PRO57dwp80NowHere the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
258PRO57ry9ifigs-parallelism0listen to me…do not turn away from listeningThese two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
259PRO57e4q8figs-metaphor0do not turn away from listeningThe writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
260PRO57ih1hfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouthHere the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
261PRO58y32efigs-metonymy0Keep your path far away from herHere the word “path” represents the persons daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
262PRO58jw5hfigs-synecdoche0do not come near the door of her houseHere “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
263PRO59pl7u0In that way“If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
264PRO59b54w0you will not give away your honor to othersPossible meanings for the word “honor” are (1) it refers to ones reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to ones wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of ones life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
265PRO59bc5bfigs-ellipsis0or years of your life to a cruel personThe writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
266PRO59yb9a0a cruel personThis may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
267PRO510d9brfigs-metaphor0strangers will not feast on your wealthThe writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another persons wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
268PRO510ksf3figs-metonymy0what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangersHere the word “house” represents the persons family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
269PRO511la5hfigs-doublet0your flesh and your body waste awayThe words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
270PRO511i4yh0waste away“physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
271PRO512x4difigs-parallelism0I hated instruction…my heart despised correctionThese two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
272PRO512m4grfigs-exclamations0How I hated instructionThe word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
273PRO512b7lffigs-synecdoche0my heart despised correctionHere the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
274PRO513kvf5figs-synecdoche0incline my ear to my instructorsHere the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
275PRO514he4cfigs-parallelism0in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the peopleThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the persons community that has gathered together either (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
276PRO515f76jfigs-parallelism0water from your own cistern…running water from your own wellThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
277PRO515t8avfigs-metaphor0running waterThe writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
278PRO516pe1sfigs-rquestion0Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares?The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not…your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
279PRO516u3uafigs-euphemism0Should your springs…your streams of water flow in the public squares?Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are (1) sleeping with women other than ones wife is spoken of as if it were allowing ones water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than ones wife is spoken of as if it were allowing ones water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
280PRO516ss2w0public squaresOpen areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
281PRO517f7ge0Let them beThe word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
282PRO517s9wf0not for strangers with you“do not share them with strangers”
283PRO518xd81figs-metaphor0May your fountain be blessedThe writer speaks of the sons wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
284PRO518tz7f0the wife of your youthPossible meanings are (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
285PRO519n93jfigs-metaphor0she is a loving deer and a graceful doeThe writer speaks of the sons wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
286PRO519dv450gracefulThis word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
287PRO519x1vqfigs-synecdoche0Let her breasts satisfy youPossible meanings are (1) the wifes breasts excite the husbands sexual desire and possibly represent the wifes entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wifes breasts satisfying the husbands desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mothers breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
288PRO519pb8mfigs-activepassive0may you be continually intoxicated by her loveIntense excitement and joy from the romantic love of ones wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
289PRO519elf20by her lovePossible meanings are (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
290PRO520d78ffigs-rquestion0For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman?The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
291PRO520z71kfigs-activepassive0be captivated by an adulteressIntense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292PRO520zr1ufigs-synecdoche0why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral womanHere the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
293PRO520x9gw0an immoral womanPossible meanings are (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another mans wife.”
294PRO521jh86figs-parallelism0sees everything…watches all the pathsThese two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
295PRO521p1arfigs-metaphor0all the paths he takesThe writer speaks of a persons actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
296PRO522u9yafigs-personification0A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquitiesThe writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A wicked persons own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
297PRO522he5dfigs-metaphor0the cords of his sin will hold him tightThe writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
298PRO523x16kfigs-activepassive0he is led astray by his great foolishnessThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
299PRO523n1a70by his great foolishness“because he is very foolish”
300PRO6introxq950# Proverbs 06 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>The latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>### Numbers<br><br>Occasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>The author will use rhetorical questions to draw the readers attention to important points. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Animals used as types<br><br>The gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
301PRO61sb1bfigs-explicit0set aside your moneyImplied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
302PRO61z2560a guarantee for your neighbors loanPossible meanings are (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
303PRO61p3wd0neighborThis same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
304PRO62p9iufigs-idiom0you have laid a trap for yourselfThis is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
305PRO62qta70the words of your mouth“what you said” or “what you promised to do”
306PRO63d6yp0save yourself“protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
307PRO63zn5ufigs-idiom0you have fallen into the hand of your neighborThis is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
308PRO63mzx90neighbor“friend”
309PRO64be5ifigs-parallelism0Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber“Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
310PRO64n831figs-synecdoche0your eyes…your eyelidsThis is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself…yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
311PRO65xjb30Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter“Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
312PRO65lcv30gazelleThis is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
313PRO65ffv9figs-metonymy0from the hand of the hunterThe hand of the hunter refers to the hunters control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
314PRO65fn1g0like a bird from the hand of the fowler“and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
315PRO66il7a0Look at…consider“Study…think about” or “carefully observe…ponder”
316PRO66xh1r0antAn ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
317PRO66uze2figs-metonymy0consider her waysThis is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
318PRO67tmb7figs-doublet0commander, officer, or rulerThese three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
319PRO68w9jcfigs-parallelism0it prepares its food in the summer…during the harvest it stores up what it will eatThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
320PRO68c8we0summerSummer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
321PRO69r6u4figs-parallelism0How long will you sleep…When will you rise from your sleep?The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
322PRO610q6ab0A little sleep…of the hands to restThese are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
323PRO610f9h7figs-parallelism0A little sleep, a little slumberBoth of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
324PRO610c54pfigs-metonymy0folding of the hands to restPeople often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
325PRO611qm7mfigs-explicit0and your poverty will comeThis can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
326PRO611zz4vfigs-simile0your poverty will come like a robberThe sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
327PRO611r7zafigs-simile0and your needs like an armed soldierThe sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
328PRO611vt3g0an armed soldier“a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
329PRO612sk3yfigs-doublet0A worthless person—a wicked manThese two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
330PRO612q9lyfigs-metaphor0lives by the crookedness of his speechHere lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331PRO613b2zu0winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingersAll three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
332PRO613kq860winking his eyesIf someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
333PRO614za5w0He plots evil“He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
334PRO614bbx60he always stirs up discord“he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
335PRO615n8uw0Therefore“For that reason”
336PRO615fz64figs-personification0his disaster will overtake himThis implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
337PRO615j5gd0his disasterThis refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
338PRO615h6bm0in an instant; in a momentBoth mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
339PRO616it1efigs-parallelism0six things that Yahweh hates, seven thatThis whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
340PRO616akh60that are disgusting to him“that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
341PRO617zib90Connecting Statement:This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md).
342PRO617kpi4figs-synecdoche0eyes…tongue…handsAll of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
343PRO617cip30shed the blood of“kill” or “murder”
344PRO618jq4tfigs-synecdoche0heart…feetAll of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
345PRO618ex5v0wicked schemes“evil plans”
346PRO619g2tzfigs-idiom0breathes out liesThis figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
347PRO619r9n10discordSee how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md).
348PRO619avm1figs-metaphor0one who sows discordThis figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
349PRO620e5gmfigs-parallelism0obey the command of your father…do not forsake the teaching of your motherThese two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
350PRO620u11dfigs-litotes0do not forsake the teaching of your motherThis figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
351PRO621qz2zfigs-metaphor0bind them on your heart; tie them about your neckThese two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
352PRO621b76k0bind them on your heart“love them” or “think about them”
353PRO622r61qfigs-parallelism0When you walk…when you sleep…when you wake upThese three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
354PRO622hw2rfigs-parallelism0they will guide you…they will watch over you…they will teach youThe repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
355PRO623u5p1figs-parallelism0the commands…the teaching…the corrections that come by instructionThese three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
356PRO623s8lqfigs-metaphor0a lamp…a light…the way of lifeAll three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp…as helpful as light in the darkness…as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
357PRO623n5j20the way of life“the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
358PRO624p7azfigs-123person0It keeps you fromHere the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
359PRO624sjp30the immoral woman…an immoral womanThese two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
360PRO624sw140immoral“morally evil”
361PRO625ty32figs-metaphor0do not let her capture you with her eyelashesThe writer speaks of the womans eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
362PRO625rx3pfigs-metonymy0in your heartHere “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
363PRO625m7d2figs-metonymy0her beauty“what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
364PRO625f4km0capture you“gain control over you”
365PRO625vnr8figs-synecdoche0her eyelashesThe “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a mans attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
366PRO626p3jv0the price of a loaf of breadThis is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
367PRO626k5fu0may cost you your very lifePossible meanings are (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
368PRO627gzh2figs-rquestion0Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes?This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
369PRO627sew80without burning“without destroying” or “and not destroy”
370PRO627pt18figs-metonymy0his clothesHis clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371PRO628r98zfigs-rquestion0Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?Walking on hot coals will scorch a persons feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
372PRO628tw8hfigs-metaphor0walk on hot coalsThis stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
373PRO628fy6m0walkThat is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
374PRO628kf2l0scorching“burning”
375PRO629gh7kfigs-euphemism0the man who goes in to his neighbors wifeThis is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbors wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
376PRO630fwq50despise a thief“do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
377PRO631n1t7figs-activepassive0if he is caughtThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
378PRO631b9nsfigs-idiom0in his houseThis figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
379PRO632s8mh0The one“The person” or “The man”
380PRO633m2lu0what he deserves“the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
381PRO633t99kfigs-metonymy0his disgraceThis figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
382PRO633c8nhfigs-litotes0will not be wiped awayThis figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
383PRO634lyk40furiousvery angry
384PRO634qsy2figs-litotes0he will show no mercyThe “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
385PRO634rc710when he takes his revenge“in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
386PRO634tk3n0takes his revengeIf a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
387PRO635b2ym0compensationpayment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
388PRO635fly2figs-activepassive0he cannot be bought offThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
389PRO635pc8x0off, though“off. This will be true even if”
390PRO7intropk5f0# Proverbs 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Parallelism<br><br>Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])<br><br>Many of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.<br><br>### My Son<br><br>Occasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.<br><br>### Adulteress<br><br>This chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
391PRO71at6wfigs-metaphor0keep my wordsHere keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
392PRO71k635figs-metaphor0store up my commands within yourselfHere Gods commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
393PRO72a8m4figs-metaphor0keep my instructionHere keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
394PRO72xfb2figs-idiom0as the apple of your eyeThe apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
395PRO73g5jvfigs-metaphor0Tie them on your fingersPossible meanings are (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember Gods commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
396PRO73c4yyfigs-metaphor0write them on the tablet of your heartHere the heart represents a persons mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
397PRO74jn44figs-personification0Say to wisdom, “You are my sisterHere wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
398PRO74z4x8figs-personification0call understanding your kinsmanHere the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
399PRO74j17k0kinsman“relative” or “family member”
400PRO75xkl20the adulterous womanThis refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
401PRO75y9gh0the immoral womanThis refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
402PRO75s2510with her smooth wordsWords intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
403PRO76v7n10latticea covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
404PRO77ie510naiveinexperienced or immature
405PRO78i1kl0her cornerHere “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
406PRO78v7v40cornerThis refers to where two roads meet.
407PRO79zn5n0twilightthe time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
408PRO710bu68figs-metaphor0with a false heartHere “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
409PRO711vkd80She was loud and wayward“She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
410PRO711es4sfigs-synecdoche0her feet did not stay at homeThe phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
411PRO712h64ffigs-metaphor0she waited in ambushHere the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
412PRO713l1ic0shethe woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md)
413PRO713sa2m0grabbed him“took hold of him firmly”
414PRO713vef7figs-idiom0with a strong faceHere “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a persons face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
415PRO714ei2gfigs-metonymy0I paid my vowsHere “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
416PRO715fys2figs-synecdoche0seek your faceHere “face” represents the person and especially the persons presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
417PRO717g7k40sprinkled my bed with“scattered on my bed”
418PRO717ibk70aloesA type of wood from a tree that smells good.
419PRO717q1mx0cinnamonThis is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
420PRO718h91xfigs-metaphor0let us drink our fill of loveHere the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421PRO719vc420is not at his house“is not at home”
422PRO720zw960full moonThe moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
423PRO721ptg3figs-metaphor0she turned himTo persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
424PRO721ev910her…she…himThe female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
425PRO721l3ntfigs-metonymy0smooth lipsHere “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
426PRO721c6k60she misled him“she persuaded him to do something evil” Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
427PRO722rvi9figs-explicit0He went after her suddenlyThis seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
428PRO722tal5figs-simile0like an ox going to slaughter…a deer caught in a trapThe naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
429PRO722pk4m0slaughterThis refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
430PRO722qrn60deerSee how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md).
431PRO723r6zrfigs-simile0like a bird rushing into a snareThe naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
432PRO723t5u4figs-explicit0until an arrow pierces through its liverThis passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433PRO723i4e60liverHere this organ represents a very important part of the deers body.
434PRO723zvp5figs-idiom0it would cost his lifeThis is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
435PRO724wen30NowThis is to focus the attention of the speakers sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
436PRO725gk8cfigs-metaphor0May your heart not turn aside onto her pathsHere “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the persons behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
437PRO725wm1hfigs-synecdoche0your heartHere “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
438PRO725l3s9figs-parallelism0do not be led astray onto her pathsThis means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
439PRO726xx9kfigs-metonymy0She has caused many people to fall down piercedBeing pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
440PRO727g21s0Her house is on the paths to Sheol…they go downHere “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
441PRO727ry42figs-parallelism0on the paths to Sheol…down to the dark bedrooms of deathThese two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the womans victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
442PRO727prr1figs-metaphor0the dark bedrooms of deathThis expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
443PRO8introz8jj0# Proverbs 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5-7. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
444PRO81qsc7figs-personification0General Information:In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
445PRO81v9h5figs-rquestion0Does not Wisdom call out?This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
446PRO81i9hufigs-personification0Does not Wisdom call out?Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
447PRO81pt6pfigs-rquestion0Does not Understanding raise her voice?Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
448PRO81k4ug0raise her voice“speak”
449PRO83z73y0the gates at the entrance into the cityIn ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
450PRO83nkc9figs-personification0she calls outThis continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
451PRO84gv2w0General Information:Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.
452PRO84jxm5figs-metonymy0my voice is for the sons of mankindHere “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
453PRO84j5l1figs-metonymy0the sons of mankindThis is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
454PRO85er9q0naiveinexperienced or immature
455PRO85t3h2figs-abstractnouns0learn wisdomThe abstract word “wisdom refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
456PRO85bg5r0you must get an understanding mind“you must begin to understand things with your mind”
457PRO86uv73figs-synecdoche0when my lips openHere “lips” represents a persons mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
458PRO86a3zk0uprightproper or just
459PRO87s9bjfigs-synecdoche0my mouth speaksHere “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
460PRO87f6mp0what is trustworthy“what people should believe”
461PRO87juy2figs-synecdoche0wickedness is disgusting to my lipsHere “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
462PRO87hz9efigs-abstractnouns0wickednessHere the abstract noun “wickedness” represents wicked speech. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
463PRO88am3kfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouthThe “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
464PRO88btx5figs-metaphor0nothing twistedTwisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
465PRO89nn5r0straighthonest and clear
466PRO89jyh4figs-metonymy0my words are upright for those who find knowledgeThis probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speakers words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
467PRO89f1c20uprighttrue and honest
468PRO810w8ks0Acquire my instruction rather than silver“You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
469PRO811wl6pfigs-quotations0For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to herHere Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
470PRO812mj24figs-personification0I, Wisdom, live with PrudencePrudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
471PRO812b8xj0Prudencecaution or good judgment
472PRO812jk94figs-abstractnouns0I possess knowledge and discretionThe abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
473PRO812xcu80discretionbeing careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
474PRO813rf210perverted speech“wicked talk”
475PRO813gp8g0pervertedturned from what is right
476PRO814cnc20good advice“wise suggestions”
477PRO814guc90advicecounsel that is given to help someone
478PRO814sne90soundgood, reliable
479PRO814w3jufigs-personification0I am insightHere Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
480PRO816hg7e0noblesnoblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
481PRO817xz9h0loveThis refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
482PRO817e3jr0diligentlywith careful and continued effort
483PRO818k7hf0With me are riches and honor“I have riches and honor”
484PRO818a275grammar-connect-words-phrases0lasting wealth and righteousnessThis explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
485PRO818q4810righteousness“the ability to live in a right way”
486PRO819eyc20My fruitwhat wisdom produces or causes
487PRO819rqy30my producethe benefit or gain that wisdom causes
488PRO820tks1figs-metaphor0I walk in the path of righteousnessLiving the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
489PRO820rg74figs-metaphor0in the midst of the paths of justiceThis tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
490PRO821mg4qfigs-metaphor0treasuriesstorehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
491PRO822xu3p0the first of his deeds then“I was the first of the things he created then”
492PRO823mh2d0In ages long ago“Very long ago”
493PRO823v4tq0agesThe word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
494PRO823mth7figs-abstractnouns0from the beginnings of the earthThe idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
495PRO824ii7efigs-personification0General Information:Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
496PRO825u2m1figs-activepassive0Before the mountains were settled“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
497PRO826z5y4figs-personification0I was bornThis is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
498PRO826asn50was born“I was alive”
499PRO827nk15figs-personification0I was thereThis is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
500PRO827z8lx0establishedTo establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
501PRO827b5dbfigs-explicit0when he drew a circle on the surface of the deepThis refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the oceans surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
502PRO827ae6e0the deep“the ocean”
503PRO828q6zzfigs-personification0General Information:Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
504PRO828wnj80establishedbrought into permanent being
505PRO828z2v2figs-activepassive0when the springs in the deep became fixedThis can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
506PRO828zv8f0the springs in the deepThe ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
507PRO829pd760when he made his limit for the sea“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
508PRO829vk7f0when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry landThe Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
509PRO829f3j9figs-activepassive0when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry landThis can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
510PRO830ph2ffigs-personification0I was beside himThis is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
511PRO830ky7x0skilled craftsmanThis is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
512PRO830k4ctfigs-abstractnouns0I was his delight“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
513PRO830a22nfigs-idiom0day after dayThis is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
514PRO831pw910his whole world“the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
515PRO831wnq9figs-idiom0the sons of mankindThis refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
516PRO832ly1a0NowThis is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
517PRO832hwt3figs-personification0listen to meThis is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
518PRO832m6ibfigs-metaphor0those who keep my waysHere “my ways” represents wisdoms behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
519PRO833ky6lfigs-litotes0do not neglect“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
520PRO834i55jfigs-parallelism0watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doorsThese two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of “watching” are (1) a wise person waits outside wisdoms home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdoms house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
521PRO835z6lmfigs-personification0finds meThis is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
522PRO836hfn9figs-personification0hate meThis is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
523PRO836yl6tfigs-explicit0he who failsThe complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
524PRO836w73kfigs-metonymy0his own lifeHere “life” represents the persons self. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
525PRO9introy75r0# Proverbs 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom calls out<br><br>The addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
526PRO91m12afigs-personification0General Information:These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
527PRO91s64dfigs-personification0Wisdom has builtThe writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
528PRO92x5swfigs-metonymy0She has slaughtered her animalsThis refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
529PRO92ywr6figs-explicit0mixed her wineIn ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
530PRO92h2zm0she has set her table“she has prepared her table”
531PRO93p6e2figs-personification0General Information:These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
532PRO93akl30She has sent out her maidsThese maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
533PRO93ugn50her maidsYoung women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
534PRO93n6ha0she calls out“she proclaims” or “she summons” Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
535PRO93x7980the highest points of the cityThe invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
536PRO94h6sj0Who is naive? Let…the one lacking good senseThese two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let…anyone lacking good sense”
537PRO94dj7m0is naive“is inexperienced or immature”
538PRO94s4da0turn aside here“leave his path and come into my house”
539PRO95h6ck0General Information:These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
540PRO95n3eufigs-you0Come…eat…drinkAll of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
541PRO95stm9figs-explicit0the wine I have mixedIn ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
542PRO96b9mafigs-you0Leave…live…walkAll of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
543PRO96ejw3figs-metaphor0Leave your naive actionsHere naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
544PRO96f53k0naive actions“inexperienced, immature actions”
545PRO96lpn8figs-metaphor0the path of understandingHere the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
546PRO97x5sc0General Information:These verses continue the message of Wisdom.
547PRO97vif7figs-parallelism0Whoever disciplines…whoever rebukesThese two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
548PRO97kjm20a mockerSomeone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
549PRO97m22a0receives abuse“receives harsh treatment”
550PRO97g88g0whoever rebukes“whoever corrects”
551PRO98fpc40Do not reprove“Do not correct”
552PRO99c8r20Give to a wise person, and he…teach a righteous person, and heThese two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he…if you teach a righteous person, he”
553PRO99y95jfigs-parallelism0Give to a wise person…teach a righteous personThese two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
554PRO99n1f2figs-explicit0Give to a wise personThis refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
555PRO910s7rg0General Information:These verses finish the message of Wisdom.
556PRO910l6yl0The fear of YahwehSee how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
557PRO911uv8ifigs-activepassive0through me your days will be multipliedThis may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
558PRO911wpx5figs-personification0through meWisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
559PRO911rk9cfigs-parallelism0your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to youThese two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
560PRO911u5qffigs-metaphor0years of life will be added to youWisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
561PRO912z3ez0If you are wise…and if you mockThese two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
562PRO912zei6figs-metaphor0you will carry itThis speaks of the consequence of ones bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
563PRO913q38dfigs-personification0General Information:These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
564PRO913ix9afigs-personification0The woman of foolishnessIt is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
565PRO913lbv9figs-parallelism0she is untaught and knows nothingThese two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
566PRO913tk380she is untaught“she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
567PRO915cqd1figs-idiom0walking straight on their wayThis seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
568PRO916ck1n0is naive“is inexperienced or immature”
569PRO916rs920turn aside here“leave his path and come here”
570PRO916zyq40she saysThis is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
571PRO916lfx90those who have no sense“those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
572PRO917jsi6figs-metaphor0Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is deliciousThe foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
573PRO918kg4h0that the dead are there“that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
574PRO918k1fh0in the depths of Sheol“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
575PRO10introfhy50# Proverbs 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
576PRO101i2ybfigs-parallelism0General Information:Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
577PRO101tab70The proverbs of SolomonAfter the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
578PRO102ffz80accumulatedacquired over time
579PRO103df3mfigs-synecdoche0Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungryHere “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
580PRO104e3effigs-metonymy0A lazy hand“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
581PRO104yly7figs-metonymy0hand of the diligent“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
582PRO106k7j2figs-idiom0are upon the headThe “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
583PRO106y4mbfigs-metonymy0mouth of the wickedThe “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
584PRO106k4dp0covers uphides the truth
585PRO107e1w8figs-metonymy0nameThe word “name” represents a persons reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
586PRO108e7250come to ruin“be destroyed” or “be made useless”
587PRO109ps6l0crookednot straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
588PRO1010mi1ktranslate-symaction0He who winks the eye“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
589PRO1010p957figs-metaphor0will be thrown downA person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
590PRO1011f47sfigs-metonymy0The mouth of the righteousHere “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
591PRO1011tv58figs-genericnoun0the righteousThis refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
592PRO1011h2nyfigs-metaphor0is a water spring of lifeThis persons speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
593PRO1011bz8gfigs-metaphor0the mouth of the wicked covers up violenceThat is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
594PRO1011elp1figs-metonymy0the mouth of the wickedHere “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
595PRO1011jt58figs-genericnoun0the wickedThis refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
596PRO1012ph1afigs-personification0love covers overLove acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
597PRO1013n8pkfigs-metonymy0on the lips of a discerning person“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
598PRO1013ww93figs-metonymy0a rod is for the back“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
599PRO1014ej72figs-metonymy0the mouth of a fool“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
600PRO1015fd3sfigs-metaphor0his fortified cityThis represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601PRO1016im19figs-metaphor0The wage…the profitThese terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
602PRO1017k6n30There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline“The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
603PRO1017st2jfigs-activepassive0but the one who rejects correction is led astrayThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
604PRO1018d6bjfigs-metonymy0has lying lips“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
605PRO1019zc3afigs-litotes0transgression is not lackingThis phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
606PRO1020h1pzfigs-metonymy0The tongue of the righteous person“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
607PRO1020pvj4figs-metaphor0is pure silver“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
608PRO1021h4rrfigs-metonymy0The lips of the righteous“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
609PRO1021kp6k0nourishcause them to develop or grow stronger
610PRO1023l951figs-metaphor0Wickedness is a game a fool playsA game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
611PRO1024xai50overtakeovercome someone
612PRO1025ci43figs-simile0The wicked are like the stormJust as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
613PRO1025v58hfigs-metaphor0is a foundation that lasts forever“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
614PRO1026fk5lfigs-simile0Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a persons teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
615PRO1026i1xh0vinegara sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
616PRO1027rv8wfigs-metaphor0the years of the wicked“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
617PRO1028pds2figs-metaphor0the years of wicked peopleHere “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
618PRO1030ub25figs-litotes0will never be overthrownThis can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
619PRO1031f7hyfigs-metonymy0Out of the mouth of the righteous person“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous mans words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
620PRO1031amx2figs-metonymy0the perverse tongue will be cut out“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
621PRO1032y79yfigs-metonymy0lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
622PRO1032ay8qfigs-metonymy0mouth of the wicked“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
623PRO11introuk6v0# Proverbs 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
624PRO111hzq7figs-parallelism0General Information:Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
625PRO111g3jtfigs-metaphor0Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
626PRO111pe2q0but he delights in a precise weight“Precise weight” represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
627PRO113rj24figs-nominaladj0the treacherousThis nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
628PRO114r538figs-explicit0Wealth is worthless on the day of wrathThe “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A persons wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
629PRO115lc4r0makes his way straight“has clear direction”
630PRO115vhe9figs-nominaladj0the wickedThis nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
631PRO116v49jfigs-nominaladj0the treacherousThis nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
632PRO116b5vy0the treacherous are trapped by their cravings“those who do evil are captured by their passions”
633PRO116rhq70treacherousready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
634PRO117dz8x0the hope that was in his strength“the confidence he has in his own power”
635PRO117zn330comes to nothing“disappears”
636PRO118z4amfigs-activepassive0The righteous person is kept away from troubleThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
637PRO118u8730it comes“trouble comes”
638PRO119r7vlfigs-metonymy0With his mouth the godless“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
639PRO1111sim1figs-metonymy0the city becomes great“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
640PRO1111p4sdfigs-metonymy0by the mouth of the wicked“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
641PRO1113en2efigs-metaphor0keeps a matter covered“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
642PRO1114a9wq0advisorsthose who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
643PRO1115j2ce0one who hates giving“one who refuses to give”
644PRO1116bvh90ruthless peoplepeople without pity or compassion; cruel people
645PRO1116h7rd0grasp for wealth“are greedy for wealth”
646PRO1117dxp90one who“a person who”
647PRO1118imr8figs-metaphor0sows what is rightTo “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
648PRO1118ln8afigs-metaphor0reaps the wages of truthTo “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
649PRO1119ibb60the one who“the person who”
650PRO1119un2d0pursues evil“chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
651PRO1120r5ltfigs-metonymy0whose hearts are perverse“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
652PRO1121gh2afigs-litotes0will not go unpunishedThis phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
653PRO1122y2mefigs-simile0Like a gold ring…without discretionA beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pigs nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
654PRO1122fe2p0without discretion“without common sense” or “who is foolish”
655PRO1124x29nfigs-metaphor0There is one who scatters—he will accumulate even moreThis is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
656PRO1124v6x4figs-explicit0one who scattersYou may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
657PRO1124gmp80will accumulate even more“will gain even more”
658PRO1124p1q70withholds what he should giveThis refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
659PRO1125q9vb0will prosper“will gain more”
660PRO1125lf1i0the one who“the generous person who” or “anyone who”
661PRO1126eb690the man who refuses to sellThis describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
662PRO1126h1qpfigs-metaphor0good gifts crown the head of him who sells it“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
663PRO1127k6ug0The one who diligently seeksthe one who seeks with careful and continued effort
664PRO1128q218figs-idiom0will fallThis is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
665PRO1128p1e2figs-simile0like the leaf, righteous people will flourish“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
666PRO1128mf6v0righteous people will flourishThis means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
667PRO1129p1pbfigs-metaphor0inherit the windThe “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
668PRO1130q7ulfigs-simile0The righteous person will be like a tree of lifeA person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
669PRO1130hlz70tree of lifeSee how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
670PRO1131s8p90how much more“even more so”
671PRO12introx2lg0# Proverbs 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
672PRO121ktr2figs-parallelism0General Information:The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
673PRO121r7h60Whoever“Any person who”
674PRO121tz7m0the one who hates correction“the person who does not want to be told what to do”
675PRO121nj5f0is stupid“is foolish” or “is unwise”
676PRO123nly2figs-activepassive0A person cannot be established by wickednessThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
677PRO123md5pfigs-metaphor0cannot be uprooted“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
678PRO124wh4lfigs-metaphor0A worthy wife is her husbands crownA crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
679PRO124ced6figs-simile0she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bonesA disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a persons life. Alternate translation: “a wifes shameful acts destroy her husbands influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
680PRO126sw3sfigs-metaphor0The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to killThe deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
681PRO126n6s70the words of the upright keep them safe“the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
682PRO126au1h0the upright“the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
683PRO127qw8ffigs-activepassive0Wicked people are overthrownThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
684PRO127t5c3figs-metonymy0houseThe term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a persons ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
685PRO128hfu6figs-activepassive0A person is praised by how much wisdom he hasThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
686PRO128hq69figs-activepassive0the one who makes perverse choices is despisedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
687PRO1210uxx40is cruel“causes suffering”
688PRO1211wl9h0worthless projects“worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
689PRO1212b6y10the fruitThis refers to a persons actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a persons words and actions reveal what his character is like.
690PRO1213ak1yfigs-metonymy0An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
691PRO1214z5v9figs-metonymy0just as the work of his hands rewards himThe phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
692PRO1215lr2lfigs-idiom0in his own eyesThis phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
693PRO1215wlp90advicewise suggestions
694PRO1216n8pr0is prudent“is wise” or “has good sense.”
695PRO1218k26nfigs-simile0The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a swordThe phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
696PRO1218avt2figs-metonymy0the tongue of the wise“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
697PRO1218mpg60brings healing“comforts and heals”
698PRO1219wm6nfigs-metonymy0Truthful lips last forever“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
699PRO1219r5qlfigs-metonymy0a lying tongue is only for a moment“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
700PRO1220xs9w0advisorsthose who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
701PRO1221d4ztfigs-litotes0No ill comesThe negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
702PRO1222x3hafigs-metonymy0Yahweh hates lying lips“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
703PRO1223qi9m0conceals his knowledge“does not tell everything he knows”
704PRO1224j53hfigs-metonymy0The hand of the diligent“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
705PRO1224ymw6figs-metonymy0will be put to forced labor“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
706PRO1225qts20Anxietyuneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
707PRO1225n82ffigs-metaphor0weighs him down“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
708PRO1225z6n9figs-abstractnouns0but a good word makes him gladThe abstract noun “word” can be stated as the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
709PRO1227gdt70would not roast their own game“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
710PRO1227vz9v0precious wealth“valuable treasure”
711PRO13intronh7k0# Proverbs 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
712PRO131ugs5figs-metonymy0A wise son hearsHere “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
713PRO131sy9cfigs-metonymy0will not listen to rebukeHere “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
714PRO132zu98figs-metonymy0From the fruit of his mouthHere “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
715PRO132w8830the appetitethe desire or liking for something
716PRO132mgn1figs-nominaladj0the treacherousThis nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
717PRO133xb3dfigs-metonymy0his mouthHere “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
718PRO133bd6afigs-metaphor0opens wide his lipsOpening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
719PRO134c7yc0The appetite…the appetiteSee how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
720PRO134z2sk0craves but gets nothing“strongly desires but gets nothing”
721PRO134rj8jfigs-activepassive0the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfiedHere “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
722PRO134z1wm0diligent peoplepeople who work with careful and continued effort
723PRO135i9t20repugnantcausing a strong feeling of disgust
724PRO136gt48figs-personification0Righteousness protects those“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
725PRO136iac2figs-metonymy0who are faultless in their pathHere “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
726PRO136r21hfigs-personification0wickedness turns away those who commit sinHere “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
727PRO137z16h0who enriches himself“who makes himself rich”
728PRO138mre80does not hear a threatPossible meanings are (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
729PRO139ev8kfigs-metaphor0The light of righteous people rejoicesHere the light represents the righteous persons life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
730PRO139ibt9figs-metaphor0the lamp of wicked people will be put outHere the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the persons life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
731PRO1310c8hy0Pride only breeds conflict“Pride always causes conflict”
732PRO1310n32q0listen to“heed” or “follow”
733PRO1310ujq30good advicesuggestions that are helpful and profitable
734PRO1311u1q40Wealth dwindles away“Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
735PRO1311i2l4figs-metonymy0working with his handThe phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
736PRO1311j3nnfigs-metaphor0make his money growMoney is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
737PRO1312v8h6figs-metonymy0When hope is postponedHere “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
738PRO1312gfi6figs-idiom0it breaks the heartBreaking a persons heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
739PRO1312k7pffigs-metaphor0a longing fulfilled is a tree of lifeSomeone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
740PRO1312isa30tree of life“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
741PRO1313a5vyfigs-activepassive0he who respects the commandment will be rewardedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
742PRO1314uhi9figs-metaphor0fountain of lifeA fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
743PRO1314h871figs-metaphor0snares of deathHere “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
744PRO1315r4vifigs-metaphor0but the way of the treacherous is never-endingHere a persons behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
745PRO1315up13figs-nominaladj0the treacherousThis nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
746PRO1316g6vsfigs-metaphor0a fool parades his follyTo “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
747PRO1317h4gr0falls into trouble“is unreliable” or “does something evil”
748PRO1317pfh60a faithful envoy“a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
749PRO1318m4d7figs-abstractnouns0learns from correctionThe abstract noun “correction” can be stated as an action. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
750PRO1319h11i0is sweet“is a delight” or “brings joy”
751PRO1319fv8k0the appetitethe desire or liking for something
752PRO1320k77z0will suffer harm“will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
753PRO1321ddh8figs-personification0Disaster runs after sinners“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
754PRO1321ecr7figs-activepassive0righteous people are rewarded with goodThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
755PRO1322amv10his grandchildren“the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
756PRO1322fi9cfigs-activepassive0a sinners wealth is stored up for the righteous personThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
757PRO1323z3px0An unplowed field“A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
758PRO1323h46lfigs-metaphor0but it is swept away by injustice“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
759PRO1324jp8a0is careful to instruct him“makes sure to instruct him”
760PRO1325a5930he satisfies his appetite“he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
761PRO1325azl9figs-metonymy0the stomach of the wicked is always hungryHere “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
762PRO14introgbj20# Proverbs 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
763PRO141r3rp0builds her house“builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
764PRO141tv3l0housePossible meanings are (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
765PRO141l2y8figs-synecdoche0with her own handsThe woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
766PRO142qgn40The one who…the one who“The person who…the person who”
767PRO142qnc4figs-metaphor0walks uprightly“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
768PRO142we9s0despises him“grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
769PRO142c17i0in his ways despises himThe word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
770PRO143a16nfigs-metonymy0the mouth of…the lips ofThe mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
771PRO143ixb4figs-metonymy0a rod for his backThe rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
772PRO143c2ir0the wiseThis word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
773PRO143gru70will preserve them“will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
774PRO144w12s0the feeding troughA “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
775PRO144e3k80an abundant crop“a good harvest”
776PRO144diy9figs-metonymy0by the strength of an ox“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
777PRO145j6d2figs-idiom0breathes out liesThis figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
778PRO146wm350and there is none“and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
779PRO146ek6h0comes easy to“is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
780PRO146xv2j0the one who is discerning“the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
781PRO147ud4wfigs-metonymy0on his lipsThe word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
782PRO148e2qn0the prudenta person who has good judgment or sense
783PRO148vp9qfigs-metonymy0his own wayThe word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
784PRO148vug20the folly of fools is deceptionThe foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
785PRO149m1s10when the guilt offering is sacrificed“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
786PRO149t24pfigs-activepassive0but among the upright favor is sharedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but Gods favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
787PRO1410xxe90its own bitterness“its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
788PRO1410y94d0no stranger“those who do not know him”
789PRO1411c5ypfigs-metonymy0the tentThe word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
790PRO1411d165figs-metaphor0flourishThe word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
791PRO1412y8gwfigs-metaphor0There is a way that seems right to a manThe word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
792PRO1413n7lpfigs-metaphor0A heart can laughThe word “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A persons feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
793PRO1413j3ih0be in pain“experience pain” or “hurt”
794PRO1414a8j90The one who“The person who”
795PRO1414c5infigs-metaphor0what his ways deserveThe word “ways” represents a persons conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
796PRO1414qe8k0what is his“what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
797PRO1415i5580naiveinexperienced or immature
798PRO1415h73mfigs-metaphor0his stepsHere the idea of footsteps represents a persons behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
799PRO1416z79vfigs-metaphor0turns away from evilHere evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
800PRO1416dy6s0confidently dismisses“boldly ignores”
801PRO1417yez80is quick to become angry“becomes angry quickly”
802PRO1418j5kv0naiveinexperienced or immature
803PRO1418c2qlfigs-metonymy0inherit foolishnessHere “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
804PRO1418aj350foolishnessThe word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
805PRO1418rq9a0prudent people“wise people”
806PRO1418spn1figs-metaphor0are crowned with knowledgeHere knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on ones head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807PRO1419b4i8translate-symaction0bow downThis means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
808PRO1419e892figs-metonymy0at the gates of the righteousThe word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
809PRO1420h5nsfigs-activepassive0The poor person is hated even by his own companionsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
810PRO1421fy3m0The one…the one“The person…the person”
811PRO1421d4gp0the poor“poor people”
812PRO1422m1cwfigs-rquestion0Do not those who plot evil go astray?The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
813PRO1422ie8f0who plot evil“who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
814PRO1422mmn3figs-abstractnouns0those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthinessThe abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
815PRO1423k11f0but when there is only talk“but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
816PRO1424dc97figs-metaphor0The crown of wise peopleThe word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
817PRO1424u3bw0the folly of foolsSee how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
818PRO1425wkc7figs-idiom0breathes out liesThis figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
819PRO1427c8u2figs-metaphor0fountain of lifeA “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
820PRO1427r5t6figs-metaphor0from the snares of deathA “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
821PRO1428vxf70the great number of his people“how many people he rules”
822PRO1428yp940the prince is ruined“the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
823PRO1429n61r0the quick-tempereda person who is quick to become angry
824PRO1430lqn30A tranquil heart“A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
825PRO1430l819figs-metaphor0rots the bonesThe word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
826PRO1431k67r0The one who…the one who“The person who…the person who”
827PRO1431b6nz0cursesThis means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
828PRO1431xhv20the poor…the needy“a poor person…a needy person”
829PRO1431k2td0shows favor to“is kind to” or “helps”
830PRO1432t8grfigs-activepassive0is brought down by his evil actionsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
831PRO1433axk6figs-metaphor0Wisdom rests in the heartThe word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
832PRO1433t41l0the discerning“a discerning person”
833PRO1433r61lfigs-activepassive0she lets herself be knownThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
834PRO1433xi3xfigs-personification0sheThe word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
835PRO1434dl6h0is a disgrace“brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
836PRO1435qjf70who acts prudently“who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
837PRO1435vi560the one who“the servant who”
838PRO15introl8720# Proverbs 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
839PRO151x2lhfigs-metaphor0A gentle answer turns away wrathCausing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that persons wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that persons wrath” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
840PRO151hu6mfigs-metaphor0but a harsh word stirs up angerCausing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
841PRO152w6icfigs-synecdoche0The tongue of wise people compliments knowledgeHere the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
842PRO152sjz80compliments knowledge“makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
843PRO152ncr7figs-metaphor0the mouth of fools pours out follyThe writer speaks of fools mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
844PRO153w8rcfigs-synecdoche0The eyes of Yahweh are everywhereHere the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
845PRO153bw6ffigs-nominaladj0the evil and the goodThe words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
846PRO154wt85figs-metonymy0A healing tongue is a tree of lifeThe word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
847PRO154eg2wfigs-metonymy0a deceitful tongue crushes the spiritThe phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that persons spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
848PRO155kix4figs-abstractnouns0he who learns from correctionThe word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
849PRO155x86t0is prudent“is wise”
850PRO156h7yyfigs-abstractnouns0the earnings of the wicked person giveThe word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
851PRO157tk6tfigs-metaphor0The lips of wise people scatter knowledge aboutThe word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
852PRO157wet2figs-synecdoche0not so the hearts of foolsPossible meanings are (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
853PRO158a5ry0upright people“people who live rightly”
854PRO158fci90is his delight“pleases him”
855PRO159ui9ifigs-metaphor0Yahweh hates the way of wicked peopleThe lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
856PRO159pj1lfigs-metaphor0the one who pursues what is rightBeing diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
857PRO1510j3mwfigs-metaphor0anyone who forsakes the wayHere “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
858PRO1510jus3figs-abstractnouns0he who hates correctionThe word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
859PRO1511n1e2figs-doublet0Sheol and destruction are open before YahwehThe words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
860PRO1511b6iffigs-rquestion0how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
861PRO1511r3gzfigs-metonymy0the hearts of the sons of mankindHere the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
862PRO1512dl8gfigs-abstractnouns0The mocker resents correctionThe word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
863PRO1512f5d9figs-explicit0he will not go to the wiseIt is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
864PRO1513b4lvfigs-synecdoche0A joyful heart makes the face cheerfulHere the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
865PRO1513dm7afigs-metaphor0crushes the spiritThe writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that persons spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
866PRO1514d9uhfigs-metonymy0The heart of the discerningHere the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
867PRO1514k3ctfigs-synecdoche0the mouth of fools feeds on follyHere the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
868PRO1515r1yn0All the days of oppressed people are miserable“Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
869PRO1515en6xfigs-synecdoche0a cheerful heart has an unending feastHere the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
870PRO1515m9lg0an unending feast“a feast that never ends”
871PRO1516iix30with confusion“with anxiety”
872PRO1517via5figs-metonymy0a meal with vegetablesThe vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
873PRO1517ux23figs-abstractnouns0where there is loveThe word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
874PRO1517m9u4figs-activepassive0a fatted calf served with hatredThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
875PRO1517x4f2figs-metonymy0a fatted calfThis refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
876PRO1517vw92figs-abstractnouns0with hatredThe word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
877PRO1518p4jifigs-metaphor0stirs up argumentsCausing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “arguments” can be stated as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
878PRO1519awv2figs-metaphor0The path of the sluggard…the path of the uprightThe writer speaks of a persons life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard…the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
879PRO1519gy92figs-simile0The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thornsThe writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
880PRO1519zqz8figs-metaphor0the path of the upright is a built-up highwayThe writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
881PRO1519c95z0built-up highwayThis is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
882PRO1521itu5figs-metaphor0the one who has understanding walks a straight pathThe writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
883PRO1522p1yb0Plans go wrong“Plans fail”
884PRO1522et1u0where there is no advice“when there is no one to give advice”
885PRO1522re1s0advisorspeople who give recommendations as a guide to action
886PRO1522q31z0they succeed“plans succeed”
887PRO1523wg810a pertinent reply“a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
888PRO1523jnm2figs-exclamations0how good is a timely wordThis exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
889PRO1524b9kbfigs-metaphor0The path of life leads upward…from Sheol beneathThe writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
890PRO1525h2dgfigs-synecdoche0houseThis is a synecdoche for the persons household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
891PRO1526h9s40the words of kindness are pure“kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
892PRO1528avu5figs-metonymy0The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answersHere the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
893PRO1528zzd4figs-metaphor0the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evilThe writer speaks of wicked peoples mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
894PRO1528zr4l0the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evilIt may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
895PRO1529nq5qfigs-metaphor0Yahweh is far away from wicked peopleThe writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
896PRO1530msq2figs-metaphor0The light of the eyesThe writer speaks of an expression of joy on ones face as if the persons eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897PRO1530d2bgfigs-synecdoche0brings joy to the heartThe word “heart” represents the person. Possible meanings are (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
898PRO1530hhj8figs-synecdoche0good news is health to the bodyHere the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
899PRO1531vet30you will remain among wise peoplePossible meanings are (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
900PRO1532l9cdfigs-abstractnouns0listens to correctionThe word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
901PRO1533nhk9figs-abstractnouns0The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdomThe words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
902PRO1533t56g0The fear of YahwehSee how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
903PRO1533w2h20humility comes before honorThis means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
904PRO16intromu2u0# Proverbs 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### King and royalty<br><br>Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
905PRO161bqu9figs-metonymy0The plans of the heart belong to a personHere the word “heart” represents the persons mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
906PRO161hf8afigs-metaphor0from Yahweh comes the answer from his tonguePossible meanings are (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a persons plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that persons plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
907PRO161j1hufigs-synecdoche0the answer from his tongueThe person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
908PRO162m6lifigs-metaphor0All of a persons ways are pure in his own eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
909PRO162ky4tfigs-metonymy0Yahweh weighs the spiritsHere the word “spirits” represents peoples desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a persons desires and motives as if he were weighing that persons spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the persons motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
910PRO164ccq1figs-ellipsis0even the wicked for the day of troubleThe verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
911PRO165lkb8figs-synecdoche0everyone who has an arrogant heartHere the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
912PRO165cq2gfigs-litotes0they will not go unpunishedThe two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
913PRO166t6t9figs-abstractnouns0By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned forThe abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives peoples sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
914PRO166sn15figs-metaphor0people turn away from evilThe writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
915PRO167i6tc0he makes“Yahweh makes”
916PRO168u9920a large income“earning a lot of money”
917PRO168a4dx0with injustice“with wrongdoing”
918PRO169wyx2figs-metonymy0In his heart a person plans out his wayHere the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a persons actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
919PRO169y8rtfigs-metaphor0Yahweh directs his stepsThe writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a persons plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
920PRO1610ak2qfigs-metonymy0Insightful decisions are on the lips of a kingHere the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
921PRO1610ul24figs-synecdoche0his mouth should not betray justiceThe word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
922PRO1611hb1ifigs-explicit0Honest scales come from YahwehYahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
923PRO1611c4kd0all the weights in the bag are his workMerchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
924PRO1612tie4figs-activepassive0that is something to be despisedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925PRO1612yr8jfigs-metonymy0for a throne is established by doing what is rightHere the word “throne” represents the kings rule. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
926PRO1613sfa1figs-synecdoche0lips that say what is rightHere the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
927PRO1614lfm4figs-metaphor0A kings wrath is a messenger of deathThe writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the kings wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
928PRO1615av7j0General Information:Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
929PRO1615f1prfigs-metaphor0In the light of a kings face is lifeThe writer speaks of an expression of joy on the kings face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
930PRO1615a5n5figs-simile0his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rainThe writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
931PRO1616rgj4figs-exclamations0How much better it is to get wisdom than goldThis exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
932PRO1616bn5cfigs-activepassive0To get understanding should be chosen more than silverThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
933PRO1617ffx6figs-metaphor0The highway of upright peopleThe writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
934PRO1617a2qnfigs-metaphor0turns away from evilThe writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
935PRO1618qp3lfigs-metonymy0a haughty spiritHere the word “spirit” represents the persons attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
936PRO1618yz530a downfall“ruin” or “failure”
937PRO1619s4fk0spoilgoods taken in battle
938PRO1620zg3ifigs-activepassive0what they are taughtThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
939PRO1621lrv9figs-activepassive0The one who is wise in heart is called discerningThis person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
940PRO1621hq6mfigs-metonymy0The one who is wise in heartHere the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
941PRO1621w5lyfigs-metaphor0sweetness of speechThe writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
942PRO1622y5uxfigs-metaphor0Understanding is a fountain of lifeThe writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
943PRO1623rbc8figs-metonymy0The heart of a wise person givesHere the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
944PRO1623qa4qfigs-metonymy0gives insight to his mouthHere the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
945PRO1623i4qnfigs-metonymy0to his lipsHere the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
946PRO1624r6effigs-metonymy0sweet to the soulPossible meanings for the word “soul” are (1) it represents a persons inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a persons tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a persons taste” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
947PRO1624ye3nfigs-synecdoche0healing to the bonesHere the word “bones” represent a persons body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
948PRO1625v8l9figs-metonymy0There is a way that seems right to a manThe writer speaks of a persons conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
949PRO1625es6x0but its end is the way to deathThe word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
950PRO1626fc7pfigs-personification0The laborers appetite works for himThe writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
951PRO1626gb4lfigs-personification0his hunger urges him onThe writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
952PRO1627r16qfigs-metaphor0A worthless person digs up mischiefThe writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
953PRO1627sga20worthless“useless” or “wicked”
954PRO1627q5zk0mischieftrouble
955PRO1627xs7mfigs-simile0his speech is like a scorching fireThe writer compares the way this persons words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
956PRO1628x2b50a gossipa person who gossips or spreads rumors
957PRO1629mk94figs-explicit0A man of violence lies to his neighborIt is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
958PRO1629i6a50A man of violence“A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
959PRO1629f3ddfigs-metaphor0leads him down a path that is not goodThe writer speaks of a persons actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
960PRO1629m8qsfigs-explicit0a path that is not goodThe writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
961PRO1630p1tu0The one who winks the eye…those who purse the lipsBoth of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
962PRO1630wy6w0will bring evil to pass“will do evil things”
963PRO1631aj89figs-metaphor0Gray hair is a crown of gloryThe writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
964PRO1631y1amfigs-activepassive0it is gainedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
965PRO1632x3rgfigs-metaphor0one who rules his spiritThe writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
966PRO1633ei8cfigs-activepassive0The lots are cast into the lapThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967PRO1633js5x0the decision is from YahwehPossible meanings are (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
968PRO17introbr3v0# Proverbs 17 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
969PRO171ecu4figs-metonymy0to have quietHere “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
970PRO171p2y8figs-ellipsis0than a house full of feasting with strifeThe words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
971PRO173fh66figs-explicit0The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for goldThis refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
972PRO173fi3n0cruciblea pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
973PRO173aq7ifigs-metaphor0Yahweh refines heartsThis speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples hearts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
974PRO174bar9figs-synecdoche0wicked lipsThe word “lips” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
975PRO174cj9sfigs-idiom0gives earThis idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
976PRO174ef8ifigs-synecdoche0destructive tongueThe word “tongue” can be translated as either (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
977PRO175a5uefigs-nominaladj0the poorThis refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
978PRO175gs4ifigs-abstractnouns0his MakerThis is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
979PRO175dj8bfigs-explicit0at misfortuneThis refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others misfortune” or “at other peoples troubles” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
980PRO176y71ifigs-metaphor0are the crown ofThis speaks of older peoples grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
981PRO176v99ufigs-nominaladj0the agedThis refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
982PRO177i2ze0Eloquent speech“Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
983PRO177clc1figs-synecdoche0much less are lying lips suitable for royaltyThis describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
984PRO178mi9yfigs-simile0A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives itThis speaks of a persons bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
985PRO178iq11figs-idiom0wherever he turnsHere “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
986PRO179nk6k0an offensean action or word that has hurt him
987PRO179r2e2figs-explicit0who repeats a matterThis refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
988PRO179s8p60alienates close friends“causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
989PRO1710dra2figs-metaphor0A rebuke goes deeper into a person…than a hundred blows go into a foolThis compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person…than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
990PRO1710fs5vfigs-abstractnouns0a person who has understanding“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
991PRO1710hy6y0a hundred blows go“a beating of a hundred blows goes”
992PRO1711rz73figs-abstractnouns0seeks rebellionThe word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
993PRO1711zqf6figs-activepassive0a cruel messenger will be sent against himThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
994PRO1711suj6figs-idiom0will be sent against himTo be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
995PRO1712fk5mfigs-activepassive0a bear robbed of her cubsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
996PRO1712j1lyfigs-abstractnouns0in his foolishnessThe word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
997PRO1713p537figs-personification0evil will never leave his houseHere “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the mans house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
998PRO1714e1bwfigs-simile0The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhereThis compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
999PRO1714al2h0has broken out“starts”or “begins”
1000PRO1715z95a0acquitsjustifies, declares someone not guilty
1001PRO1716kk5nfigs-rquestion0Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. This question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1002PRO1717az6zfigs-explicit0a brother is born for times of troubleOne of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1003PRO1718f3yd0no sense“no good judgement”
1004PRO1718r6wn0binding promisesThis refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
1005PRO1719bpz3figs-explicit0causes bones to be brokenThis means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1006PRO1720a3mifigs-metonymy0who has a crooked heartThe “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1007PRO1720s659figs-metonymy0has a perverse tongueThe “tongue” represents a persons speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1008PRO1720qjp9figs-idiom0falls into calamity“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1009PRO1722b1n1figs-metaphor0A cheerful heart is good medicineThis speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1010PRO1722ga2pfigs-metonymy0A cheerful heartThe “heart” represents a persons feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1011PRO1722u1vhfigs-metonymy0a broken spiritHere the “spirit” represents a persons feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1012PRO1722gei3figs-metonymy0dries up the bonesA persons bones represent their physical health and strength. If a persons bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1013PRO1723r7p60to pervert the ways of justice“to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
1014PRO1724ba2efigs-metaphor0sets his face toward wisdomThis speaks of a persons focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1015PRO1724r7wwfigs-synecdoche0the eyes of a fool areThis refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1016PRO1724qef2figs-metaphor0the ends of the earthThis speaks of a fools impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1017PRO1725cn740A foolish son is a grief to his fatherThis speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
1018PRO1725mw1t0A foolish son…and bitterness to the womanThis speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son…and brings bitterness to the woman”
1019PRO1725t9yj0who bore him“who gave birth to him”
1020PRO1725lm5j0bitternessemotional pain, sorrow
1021PRO1726lw6wfigs-litotes0it is never good…neither is it goodThese statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong…and it is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1022PRO1726wfd10the righteous personAnother possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
1023PRO1726s7mg0flogwhip severely
1024PRO1726dj91figs-abstractnouns0who have integrityThe word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1025PRO1727je2bfigs-explicit0uses few wordsThis refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1026PRO1728b5ayfigs-activepassive0Even a fool is thought to be wiseThis can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1027PRO1728i81afigs-idiom0keeps his mouth shutThis means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1028PRO1728q1jmfigs-activepassive0he is considered to be intelligentThis can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1029PRO18introk5qz0# Proverbs 18 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1030PRO181n34r0isolates himself“keeps away from other people”
1031PRO181vun3figs-personification0quarrels with all sound judgmentThis speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1032PRO181r3yq0sound judgment“good judgment” or “wise choices”
1033PRO182u731figs-litotes0A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1034PRO182ey4yfigs-explicit0but only in revealing what is in his own heartThis means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1035PRO182yp8rfigs-metonymy0what is in his own heartThe contents of a persons heart refers to the persons thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1036PRO183fw1yfigs-personification0contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproachHere “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. Possible meanings are (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1037PRO183ps5efigs-doublet0shame and reproachThese two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1038PRO184izv2figs-parallelism0The words of a mans mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing streamThese two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise mans mouth are deep waters;…the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1039PRO184nv82figs-metaphor0The words of a mans mouth are deep watersThis speaks of a wise mans words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a mans mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a mans mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1040PRO184mk4jfigs-synecdoche0a mans mouthHere the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1041PRO184mn87figs-metaphor0the fountain of wisdom is a flowing streamThis speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1042PRO185fi7dfigs-litotes0It is not good to…to the righteous personThese phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1043PRO186p2qvfigs-synecdoche0A fools lips bringHere the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1044PRO186w2xd0bring“cause”
1045PRO186zxu7figs-metaphor0his mouth invites a beatingThis speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1046PRO186z4iifigs-metonymy0his mouthHere what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1047PRO187iwj7figs-metonymy0A fools mouth…with his lipsBoth of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says…by what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1048PRO187v6hu0is his ruin“will ruin him”
1049PRO187e4r4figs-metaphor0he ensnares himselfThis speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1050PRO188iu3yfigs-simile0The words of a gossip are like delicious morselsThis speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1051PRO188vd95figs-possession0The words of a gossipThis refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
1052PRO188lms40morselssmall bites of food
1053PRO188mr15figs-metaphor0they go down into the inner parts of the bodyThis speaks of the words of a gossip going into a persons mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a persons mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1054PRO189uih2figs-metaphor0one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroysThis speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1055PRO189i66j0is slack“is lazy” or “is not interested”
1056PRO189mch50the one who destroys the most“the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
1057PRO1810ktq8figs-metaphor0The name of Yahweh is a strong towerThis speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1058PRO1810f4nmfigs-metonymy0The name of YahwehHere Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1059PRO1810dtz5figs-nominaladj0the righteousThis refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1060PRO1810gkx2figs-metaphor0runs into it and is safeThis speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1061PRO1811vhu8figs-metaphor0The wealth of the rich is his fortified cityThis speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1062PRO1811bgq7figs-nominaladj0the richThis refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1063PRO1811tz4b0fortified citya city with strong defenses like walls and towers
1064PRO1811kei5figs-simile0in his imagination it is like a high wallThis speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1065PRO1812r28e0Before his downfall a persons heart is proud“First a persons heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
1066PRO1812uet10downfallThis refers to a significant decline in a persons reputation or health.
1067PRO1812t2l5figs-synecdoche0a persons heartHere a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1068PRO1812dy4xfigs-abstractnouns0humility comes before honorThe word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1069PRO1813cj6qfigs-abstractnouns0it is his folly and shameThe abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1070PRO1814jnm1figs-synecdoche0A persons spirit will survive sicknessHere a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1071PRO1814v3f4figs-rquestion0but a broken spirit who can bear it?This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1072PRO1814b1vbfigs-idiom0a broken spiritThis refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1073PRO1815e4fmfigs-synecdoche0The heart of the intelligent acquiresHere the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1074PRO1815p7l8figs-nominaladj0the intelligentThis refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1075PRO1815ptl80acquires“gains” or “obtains”
1076PRO1815xwh7figs-metonymy0the hearing of the wise seeks it outHere the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1077PRO1815a1bafigs-nominaladj0the wiseThis refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1078PRO1815enq30seeks it outHere the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
1079PRO1816zkj3figs-idiom0may open the wayHere to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1080PRO1816wr8ffigs-idiom0bring him beforeThis means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1081PRO1817ct71translate-ordinal0The first to plead his caseThis refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1082PRO1818qs890Casting the lot“Casting lots”
1083PRO1818n3hkfigs-explicit0separates strong opponentsThis refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1084PRO1819dcj5figs-metaphor0An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong cityThis speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1085PRO1819zq5yfigs-simile0quarreling is like the bars of a castleThis speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1086PRO1819ef130castlea fortified palace
1087PRO1820qaf4figs-parallelism0From the fruit of his mouth ones stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfiedThese two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1088PRO1820h4trfigs-metaphor0the fruit of his mouthThis speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1089PRO1820p1z6figs-metaphor0ones stomach is filledThis speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1090PRO1820r4eefigs-metonymy0the harvest of his lipsThis speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1091PRO1820x66t0he is satisfied“he is pleased”
1092PRO1821flt4figs-activepassive0Death and life are controlled by the tongueThis can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1093PRO1821n65ffigs-metonymy0by the tongue…love the tongueHere the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say…love speaking” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1094PRO1821l141figs-metaphor0will eat its fruitThis speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1095PRO1824wg3nfigs-activepassive0many friends is brought to ruin by themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1096PRO1824zc7f0comes closer than“is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
1097PRO19intronbz80# Proverbs 19 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1098PRO191ev8n0Better is a poor person“It is better to be a poor person”
1099PRO191bpi4figs-idiom0who walks in his integrityThis is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1100PRO191wj4ifigs-abstractnouns0is perverse in speechThe word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1101PRO192u1ujfigs-explicit0to have desire without knowledgeThis refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1102PRO192f2pufigs-metaphor0the one who runs too fast misses the pathThis speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1103PRO193ivv9figs-synecdoche0his heart ragesHere a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1104PRO194q8uvfigs-explicit0Wealth adds many friendsThis means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1105PRO194v5qyfigs-explicit0a poor person is separated from his friendsA poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1106PRO195l99efigs-doublenegatives0A false witness will not go unpunishedThis can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1107PRO195i2wsfigs-litotes0he who breathes out lies will not escapeThis means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1108PRO195q13jfigs-idiom0breathes out liesThis is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1109PRO196gms60a generous personsomeone who often gives away things
1110PRO196q978figs-hyperbole0everyone is a friendThe word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1111PRO197vs3ifigs-explicit0how much more do his friends who go far away from him!This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1112PRO198ll4qfigs-metonymy0loves his own lifeHere the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1113PRO198v9e90keeps understanding“has understanding”
1114PRO199phm9figs-doublenegatives0A false witness will not go unpunishedThis can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1115PRO199a1nmfigs-idiom0breathes out liesThis figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1116PRO1910f4zn0It is not fitting“It is not right”
1117PRO1910pq5qfigs-ellipsis0much less for a slaveThe words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1118PRO1911ah270Discretion makes a person slow to anger“A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
1119PRO1911j1li0DiscretionThis means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
1120PRO1911p96c0it is his glory to overlook“it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
1121PRO1911gc210to overlookto forget on purpose
1122PRO1912vbv5figs-simile0The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lionHere the lions roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1123PRO1912m29gfigs-simile0but his favor is like dew on the grassThe favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1124PRO1913v3250is ruin to his father“will ruin a father”
1125PRO1913s1nwfigs-metaphor0a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of waterThis speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1126PRO1913l7wk0a quarreling wife“an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
1127PRO1914t54qfigs-activepassive0A house and wealth are inherited from parentsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1128PRO1914csr40prudentSee how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
1129PRO1914jw8qfigs-activepassive0a prudent wife is from YahwehThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1130PRO1915ye6vfigs-personification0Laziness throws a person into a deep sleepThis speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1131PRO1915jcb5figs-idiom0go hungryThis is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1132PRO1916xr2k0the command“the command that he was taught”
1133PRO1916v2yl0guards his life“protects his life”
1134PRO1916ik59figs-idiom0his waysThis is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1135PRO1917zw6rfigs-metaphor0Whoever is kind to the poor lends to YahwehYahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1136PRO1917qx9dfigs-nominaladj0the poorThis refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1137PRO1918nw29figs-explicit0while there is hopeThis refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1138PRO1918md5cfigs-explicit0and do not set your desire on putting him to deathPossible meanings are (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1139PRO1918hky1figs-idiom0set your desire on putting himThis idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1140PRO1919n85tfigs-idiom0A hot-tempered personThis idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1141PRO1919f2vsfigs-idiom0must pay the penaltyThis refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1142PRO1919s1dafigs-explicit0if you rescue him“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1143PRO1919dnq3translate-ordinal0a second time“another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1144PRO1920gby8figs-parallelism0Listen to advice and accept instructionThese two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1145PRO1920egn7figs-idiom0Listen to adviceThis is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1146PRO1921c7qgfigs-metonymy0in a persons heartHere the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a persons desire. Alternate translation: “in a persons mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1147PRO1921f82d0the purpose of Yahweh“Yahwehs purpose” or “Yahwehs plans”
1148PRO1921q568figs-idiom0that will standThis idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1149PRO1923x7qyfigs-explicit0Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfiedThis means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1150PRO1923h31x0anyone who has itHere the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
1151PRO1923gyg5figs-activepassive0satisfied and not afflicted by harmThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1152PRO1924wf2e0sluggardSee how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
1153PRO1924r5yj0buries his hand in the dish“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
1154PRO1924r3tsfigs-explicit0he will not even bring it back up to his mouthHe does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1155PRO1925svj30Strike a mocker, and the naive person“If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
1156PRO1925k69j0Strike a mocker“Punish a mocker”
1157PRO1925zh2b0naive person“inexperienced person” or “immature person”
1158PRO1925v49d0prudentSee how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
1159PRO1925m3910discipline one who is discerning, and“if you discipline one who is discerning,”
1160PRO1925wwq5figs-abstractnouns0he will gain knowledgeThe abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1161PRO1926g233figs-explicit0brings shame and reproachPossible meanings are (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1162PRO1927n4avfigs-metonymy0If you cease to hear instructionHere “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163PRO1927s24z0you will stray from“you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
1164PRO1927y3ln0the words of knowledge“knowledge”
1165PRO1928d2w1figs-metaphor0the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquityThis speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1166PRO1928aq9ffigs-synecdoche0the mouth of the wicked swallowsThe phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1167PRO1928g9y4figs-nominaladj0the wickedThis refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1168PRO1929d4f3figs-abstractnouns0Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging forThe words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1169PRO1929ray2figs-ellipsis0flogging for the backs of foolsThe words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1170PRO1929r21d0floggingbeating with a whip or stick
1171PRO20introe8g20# Proverbs 20 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1172PRO201p893figs-parallelism0Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawlerThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1173PRO201v7zxfigs-metonymy0Wine is a mockerHere “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1174PRO201qa7mfigs-metonymy0strong drink is a brawlerHere “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1175PRO201c6m70a brawlera person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
1176PRO201ne6hfigs-activepassive0whoever is led astray by drink is not wiseThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1177PRO201g7rv0by drinkHere “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
1178PRO201k4svfigs-litotes0is not wiseThis means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1179PRO202p628figs-simile0The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaringThis compares how people fear a kings wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The kings wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1180PRO202xa6x0makes him angry“makes the king angry”
1181PRO202rl5yfigs-euphemism0forfeits his lifeThis refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1182PRO203ru7h0It is an honor“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
1183PRO203gf5bfigs-metaphor0every fool jumps into an argumentThis speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1184PRO204cva30plowto prepare land for planting
1185PRO204tdr60in autumn“during the season for planting crops”
1186PRO204z5wifigs-explicit0but will have nothingThis means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1187PRO205f8defigs-simile0The purpose in a human heart is like deep waterThis speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a persons actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1188PRO205qr3j0someone with understanding“a person who has understanding”
1189PRO205fk7wfigs-metaphor0will draw it outThis speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1190PRO206lmq90is loyal“is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
1191PRO206xut9figs-rquestion0but who can find one who is faithful?The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1192PRO207s7thfigs-idiom0walks in his integrityHere walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1193PRO207y2edfigs-explicit0his sons who follow after himThis simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1194PRO208j9upfigs-metaphor0is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before himThis speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1195PRO209p5m8figs-rquestion0Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”?The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1196PRO209s43mfigs-metonymy0my heartHere a persons “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1197PRO209d5hxfigs-metaphor0cleanA person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1198PRO209xb5x0I am clean from my sin“I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
1199PRO2011yym3figs-activepassive0Even a youth is known by his actionsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1200PRO2011m4db0whether his conduct is pure and upright“whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
1201PRO2011xm830his conduct“his deeds” or “what he does”
1202PRO2011we5bfigs-doublet0pure and uprightThese two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1203PRO2013h9etfigs-idiom0come to povertyThe phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1204PRO2013ee3xfigs-metonymy0open your eyesHere “opening ones eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1205PRO2014zh4lfigs-explicit0“Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boastsHere a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Bad! Bad! says the buyer criticizing the sellers wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1206PRO2015cv2kfigs-metaphor0lips of knowledge are a precious jewelThis speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1207PRO2015tt4dfigs-metonymy0lips of knowledgeHere “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1208PRO2016sn35figs-explicit0Take a garment of one who has put up security for a strangerWhen lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1209PRO2016cv1mfigs-idiom0puts up securityThis is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1210PRO2016e647figs-idiom0hold it in pledgeThis is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1211PRO2017zi4rfigs-activepassive0Bread gained by deceitThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1212PRO2017gjt2figs-abstractnouns0by deceitThe word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1213PRO2017lnt5figs-metonymy0BreadHere “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1214PRO2017fz1i0tastes sweet“tastes good”
1215PRO2017tu5afigs-metaphor0but afterward his mouth will be full of gravelThis speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1216PRO2017du9w0gravelsmall pieces of rock
1217PRO2018mjl4figs-activepassive0Plans are established by adviceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1218PRO2019i4ch0A gossipThis means someone who gossips a lot.
1219PRO2019i2mb0you should not associate with“you should not be friends with”
1220PRO2020v9ff0If a person cursesThis means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
1221PRO2020el23figs-metaphor0his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darknessThis speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1222PRO2020e6a4figs-activepassive0his lamp will be snuffed outThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1223PRO2020un31figs-synecdoche0his lampThis refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamps flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1224PRO2020a13a0snuffed outto cause a flame to go out
1225PRO2021mk5bfigs-explicit0at the beginningThis refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1226PRO2022pj94figs-idiom0I will pay you backThis means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1227PRO2022ti5gfigs-idiom0Wait for YahwehThis means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1228PRO2023x2rcfigs-parallelism0Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not goodThese two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1229PRO2024re6nfigs-activepassive0A persons steps are directed by YahwehThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a persons steps” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1230PRO2024i9ejfigs-synecdoche0A persons stepsThis refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A persons actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1231PRO2024mfy9figs-rquestion0how then can he understand his way?The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1232PRO2024s44tfigs-idiom0understand his wayThis is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the persons life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1233PRO2025qfw5figs-metaphor0It is a snareThis speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1234PRO2025x37x0to say rashlyto say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
1235PRO2025tt8zfigs-explicit0making his vowThe person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1236PRO2026cgd9figs-metaphor0winnows the wickedThis speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1237PRO2026m44hfigs-nominaladj0the wickedThis refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1238PRO2026rs2yfigs-metaphor0he turns a threshing wheel over themThis speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1239PRO2026sy6b0threshing wheel“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
1240PRO2027x5vxfigs-metaphor0The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost partsThis speaks of a persons spirit as if it were a lamp. A persons spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241PRO2028f9hefigs-activepassive0Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the kingThe abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1242PRO2028dyd60preserve the kingkeep the king safe from harm
1243PRO2028dym8figs-metonymy0his throne is made secure by loveHere “throne” represents the kings power to rule. The abstract noun “love” can be stated as a verb. Also, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1244PRO2030g7u1figs-parallelism0Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts cleanBoth statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1245PRO21introge8s0# Proverbs 21 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1246PRO211w5mdfigs-metaphor0The kings heart is a stream of water in the hand of YahwehThe writer speaks of the kings heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the kings heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1247PRO211t1m8figs-metonymy0The kings heartThe heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The kings thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1248PRO212yz3cfigs-metaphor0Every persons way is right in his own eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1249PRO212xmb4figs-metaphor0who weighs the heartsThe writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1250PRO213qs6t0To do what is right“To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
1251PRO213ezq60To do what is…just“To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
1252PRO213f31f0just is more acceptable to Yahweh“just—Yahweh wants this more”
1253PRO214ps7vfigs-synecdoche0Haughty eyes and a proud heartThe words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1254PRO214xvr4figs-synecdoche0Haughty eyesThis is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1255PRO214gk4sfigs-synecdoche0proud heartThis is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1256PRO214y68ufigs-metaphor0the lamp of the wickedThe things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1257PRO215mmd8figs-nominaladj0the diligentThis nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1258PRO215xi4lfigs-abstractnouns0comes only to povertyThe abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1259PRO216vsi80Acquiring riches“Gaining wealth”
1260PRO216bc5dfigs-metonymy0a lying tongueThe tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1261PRO216w3kdfigs-metaphor0a fleeting vaporThe writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1262PRO216l9agfigs-metaphor0a snare that killsThe writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunters trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1263PRO217zn7hfigs-personification0The violence of the wicked will drag them awayThe writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1264PRO217ce4ffigs-abstractnouns0violence of the wickedThe abstract noun “violence” refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1265PRO217i5j5figs-explicit0drag them awayThis phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1266PRO218qgr2figs-idiom0The way of a guilty person is crookedThis compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1267PRO218y9c2figs-metaphor0crookedHere “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1268PRO219gff3figs-explicit0a corner of the roofHouses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1269PRO219j9e10quarrelsome wife“wife who often argues and complains”
1270PRO2110x3rsfigs-personification0The appetite of the wicked craves evilThe writer speaks of a persons appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1271PRO2110a2dz0cravesdesires strongly
1272PRO2110d5qdfigs-idiom0his neighbor finds no favor in his eyesThe idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a persons thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1273PRO2111rd8sfigs-activepassive0When the mocker is punishedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1274PRO2111a11r0the naive“those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
1275PRO2111a6a50the mocker“the person who mocks others”
1276PRO2111m512figs-activepassive0when the wise person is instructedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1277PRO2111ylu9figs-metaphor0lays hold of knowledgeHere knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1278PRO2112t3bj0The righteousPossible meanings are (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
1279PRO2112bc3u0watches the house“pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
1280PRO2112tem1figs-metaphor0he brings wicked people to disasterHere disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1281PRO2113uc5nfigs-idiom0The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poorThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1282PRO2113iv38figs-metonymy0he will not be answeredThe word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1283PRO2114h1vz0appeases anger“makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
1284PRO2115p2lnfigs-abstractnouns0When justice is doneThe abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1285PRO2116cj4zfigs-idiom0wanders from the way of understandingThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1286PRO2116t6m20he will rest in the assembly of the dead“he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
1287PRO2118mh2vfigs-metaphor0is ransom forThe word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1288PRO2118qt7k0the treacherousa person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
1289PRO2118n28n0upright people“righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
1290PRO2120r84pfigs-nominaladj0wiseThis nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1291PRO2120nw250swallows it all up“uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
1292PRO2122d84j0scales the city“climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
1293PRO2122v5jk0the city of the mighty ones“a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
1294PRO2122p6cmfigs-idiom0he brings downThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1295PRO2122w2920the stronghold in which they trusted“the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
1296PRO2123xw3qfigs-doublet0Whoever guards his mouth and tongueBoth “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1297PRO2124c77j0The proud and haughty person…acts with arrogant pride“You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
1298PRO2124m76afigs-doublet0proud and haughtyThese two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1299PRO2124rf25figs-metonymy0“Mocker” is his nameThe word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1300PRO2125pzb9figs-personification0The desire of the lazy kills himThe writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1301PRO2125dt4ffigs-synecdoche0his hands refuseThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1302PRO2126vgt60cravesdesires strongly
1303PRO2126es9xfigs-litotes0gives and does not hold backThe phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1304PRO2127fq9a0The sacrifice of the wicked is detestableThe writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
1305PRO2127l3lefigs-nominaladj0the wickedThe nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1306PRO2127iy310it is even more detestable“Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
1307PRO2128h8d40will speak for all timeThis is because people will never forget what he said.
1308PRO2129z6tgfigs-idiom0makes his face hardPossible meanings are (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1309PRO2129ts1rfigs-metaphor0is certain about his waysA persons actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1310PRO2130n8ktfigs-abstractnouns0There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice thatThe words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1311PRO2130k3pe0stand against Yahweh“defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
1312PRO2131j1hqfigs-activepassive0The horse is prepared for the day of battleThese words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1313PRO2131i6w8figs-idiom0the day of battleThe word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1314PRO22introt5zj0# Proverbs 22 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>With this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1315PRO221but9figs-activepassive0A good name is to be chosen over great richesThese words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1316PRO221m8c70A good name“To have others think that one is a good person”
1317PRO223nt9p0A prudent man“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
1318PRO223cm2a0the naive“the inexperienced and immature”
1319PRO225e8f6figs-metaphor0Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverseThe writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1320PRO225r2h10snarestraps to catch animals
1321PRO225dku9figs-nominaladj0the perverseThis nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1322PRO225f1apfigs-metaphor0whoever guards his lifeA person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1323PRO226je4efigs-metaphor0the way he should goHow a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1324PRO227dk14figs-explicit0borrows…lendsYou may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money…lends money” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1325PRO228l36jfigs-metaphor0He who sows injustice will reap troubleThe writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1326PRO228htf6figs-metonymy0the rod of his fury will fade awayThe word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. Possible meanings are (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1327PRO228yu9gfigs-metonymy0rod of his furyThe word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1328PRO228kpt40will fade awayThe word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
1329PRO229nxi8figs-activepassive0The one who has a generous eye will be blessedThese words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1330PRO229zhf7figs-metonymy0one who has a generous eyeThe eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1331PRO229vs46figs-metonymy0breadSince bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1332PRO2210t6ntfigs-abstractnouns0disputes and insults will ceaseThe abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1333PRO2211xzb6figs-synecdoche0loves a pure heartIt is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1334PRO2211tlq40is gracious“is kind”
1335PRO2212swt2figs-synecdoche0The eyes of Yahweh keep watch overThe eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1336PRO2212s2lrfigs-metonymy0keep watch over knowledgeKeeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1337PRO2212zw3l0he overthrows“he destroys”
1338PRO2212q7ytfigs-nominaladj0the treacherousThe nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1339PRO2213jg670The lazy person saysThe quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
1340PRO2214eq5hfigs-metonymy0The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pitThe word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1341PRO2214xrc50an adulteressSee how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
1342PRO2214l326figs-idiom0Yahwehs anger is stirred upHere “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1343PRO2214fin1figs-metaphor0falls into itAdultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1344PRO2215fuj40Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child“The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
1345PRO2215j283figs-metonymy0the rod of disciplineThe writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1346PRO2215dk18figs-metaphor0drives it far awayThe writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1347PRO2216w7rc0to increase his wealth“to become richer” or “to gain more money”
1348PRO2216fm7f0gives to rich people“gives money to rich people”
1349PRO2216d4tdfigs-idiom0will come to povertyThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1350PRO2217nnv40General Information:Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
1351PRO2217lgs9figs-synecdoche0Incline your ear and listenHere the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1352PRO2217l38x0the words of the wise“what wise people say”
1353PRO2217pi8nfigs-idiom0apply your heart toThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1354PRO2217i9n2figs-abstractnouns0my knowledgeThe person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” The abstract noun “knowledge” can be stated as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1355PRO2218nl9jfigs-metonymy0all of them are ready on your lipsThe person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1356PRO2219wr390today—even to you“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
1357PRO2220bb5s0General Information:These verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
1358PRO2220q77ctranslate-textvariants0thirty sayingsSome translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
1359PRO2221q8xufigs-rquestion0to teach you…who sent you?These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. It can be translated as a statement. “You need to know that I have written…to teach you…who sent you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1360PRO2221l5jf0to those who sent youThis implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
1361PRO2222y27s0General Information:These verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1362PRO2222aq5t0Do not rob…or crushIf your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
1363PRO2222su1vfigs-nominaladj0the poorThis nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1364PRO2222tq59figs-metaphor0crushgrind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1365PRO2222ws7lfigs-nominaladj0the needyThis nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1366PRO2222z1iafigs-metonymy0at the gateThe place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1367PRO2223a2vpfigs-metaphor0Yahweh will plead their caseThe metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1368PRO2223m5k2figs-metaphor0he will rob of life those who robbed themYahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1369PRO2224cpi30General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1370PRO2224w16mfigs-metaphor0someone who is ruled by angersomeone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1371PRO2224cc8z0ragesshows violent anger
1372PRO2225s2i8figs-metaphor0you will take bait for your soulA person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1373PRO2225jh2kfigs-metonymy0bait for your soulThe soul is a metonym for the persons life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1374PRO2226ftq60General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1375PRO2226rnd60strikes handsA person would strike his hand against another persons hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someones debts.
1376PRO2226wt7u0in making a pledge“and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
1377PRO2228tb1b0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1378PRO2228g63s0ancientvery old
1379PRO2228djq50boundary stonea large stone that shows where one persons land ends and another persons land begins
1380PRO2228j4id0fathersancestors
1381PRO2229y4ubfigs-rquestion0Do you see a man skilled at his work?This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1382PRO2229e6iifigs-metonymy0stand beforeThis represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1383PRO23introeva70# Proverbs 23 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1384PRO231z1810General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1385PRO232lu62figs-hyperbole0put a knife to your throatPossible meanings of this exaggeration are (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1386PRO233zfk90Do not crave“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
1387PRO233zkz50his delicacies“his special and expensive food”
1388PRO233tjm2figs-idiom0it is the food of liesThis is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1389PRO234a4va0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1390PRO234wh190Do not work too hard“Do not work so much that you are always tired”
1391PRO235n9hdfigs-metaphor0light upon itland like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1392PRO235sp17figs-metaphor0it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly offA person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1393PRO235ryq40wings like an eaglewings like an eagles wings
1394PRO236afl60General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1395PRO236su9w0do not crave“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
1396PRO236jtt70his delicacies“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
1397PRO237lbe8figs-idiom0his heart is not with youThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1398PRO238aw14figs-hyperbole0You will vomit up the little you have eatenThis is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1399PRO238z3l6figs-metaphor0you will have wasted your complimentsCompliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. The abstract noun “compliments” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1400PRO239nk6j0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1401PRO239u4q5figs-abstractnouns0in the hearing of a foolThe abstract noun “hearing” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1402PRO2310iha40ancientvery old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
1403PRO2310de8r0boundary stoneThis is a large stone to show where one persons land ends and another persons land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
1404PRO2310a9cb0encroachThis means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
1405PRO2310n6i10orphanschildren whose parents are dead
1406PRO2311p1uf0their RedeemerYahweh
1407PRO2311bgi8figs-metaphor0he will plead their case against youThe metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1408PRO2312w7ey0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1409PRO2312pgj6figs-idiom0Apply your heart toThis is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1410PRO2312v2r30instructionPossible meanings are (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
1411PRO2312jul6figs-ellipsis0your earsThe ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1412PRO2312gn450to words of knowledge“to me when I tell you what I know”
1413PRO2313c9zs0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1414PRO2313qfa7figs-abstractnouns0Do not withhold instruction from a childThe abstract noun “instruction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1415PRO2313r8dq0withholdrefuse to give something that one knows another person needs
1416PRO2314jx2r0rodpiece of wood
1417PRO2314e27r0It is you who must beat him…and save his soul“You are the one who must beat him…and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the childs soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
1418PRO2314z89ffigs-metonymy0save his soul from SheolIf the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1419PRO2315h5yu0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1420PRO2316sij3figs-synecdoche0when your lips speak“Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1421PRO2317qz550General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1422PRO2317zgy6figs-synecdoche0Do not let your heart envy sinnersThe word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1423PRO2318d3fzfigs-activepassive0your hope will not be cut offThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1424PRO2319qj670General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1425PRO2319f1280Hear—you!—my son“Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
1426PRO2319jg2gfigs-metaphor0direct your heart in the wayDeciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1427PRO2320sag8figs-synecdoche0gluttonous eaters of meatPossible meanings are (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1428PRO2321z3snfigs-personification0slumber will clothe them with ragsThe word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1429PRO2322bzi70General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1430PRO2322s9itfigs-litotes0do not despiseThis can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1431PRO2323smm2figs-abstractnouns0Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understandingAnother possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1432PRO2324rzg30General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1433PRO2324qls10The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in himAnother possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
1434PRO2324b6a90will be glad in him“will be glad because of him”
1435PRO2326c77m0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1436PRO2326ds3tfigs-metonymy0give me your heartThe word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. Possible meanings are (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1437PRO2326zdk9figs-synecdoche0let your eyes observeThe eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1438PRO2327b64jfigs-merism0prostitute…immoral womanThere are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another mans wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1439PRO2327y9lnfigs-metaphor0a prostitute is a deep pitThe word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1440PRO2327i17l0prostituteHere the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
1441PRO2327zt340deep pit…narrow wellThese are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
1442PRO2327fys1figs-metaphor0an immoral woman is a narrow wellDoing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another mans wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1443PRO2327ezr30wella hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
1444PRO2328x4yu0lies in waitstays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
1445PRO2328ll5sfigs-nominaladj0the treacherousThis nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1446PRO2329ek290General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1447PRO2329l7dufigs-rquestion0Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes?The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1448PRO2329yw3q0bloodshot eyes“eyes red, like the color of blood”
1449PRO2330kqg70Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wineThese words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
1450PRO2330g2tpfigs-euphemism0linger over winespend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1451PRO2330t96n0the mixed winePossible meanings are (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
1452PRO2331v5x10General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1453PRO2332ip9z0In the last“After you drink it”
1454PRO2332cr4nfigs-metaphor0it bites like a serpent…it stings like an adderThe word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1455PRO2332q4ct0addera type of poisonous snake
1456PRO2333qfg7figs-synecdoche0your heart will utter perverse thingsThe “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1457PRO2333d1kc0perverse thingsthings that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
1458PRO2334s7qb0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
1459PRO2334q7lvfigs-idiom0lies on the top of a mastThe place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1460PRO2334lxy20mastthe long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
1461PRO2335c4na0They hit me,…but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it.Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
1462PRO2335d6ej0When will I wake up?The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
1463PRO24intronl8m0# Proverbs 24 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.<br><br>The second half of this chapter finishes the section.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lazy man story<br><br>Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1464PRO241d1dq0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1465PRO242dw7gfigs-synecdoche0their heartsThe words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1466PRO242m8pxfigs-synecdoche0their lipsThe words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1467PRO242es5l0talk about trouble“talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
1468PRO243f9id0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1469PRO243hiy4figs-abstractnouns0Through wisdom a house is builtThe abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1470PRO243q4cpfigs-abstractnouns0by understanding it is establishedThe abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1471PRO243mq3vfigs-metonymy0it is establishedThe word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1472PRO244ry4yfigs-abstractnouns0By knowledge the rooms are filledThe abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1473PRO245gah60General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1474PRO245gya2figs-abstractnouns0warrior of wisdomThe abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1475PRO245my2ffigs-abstractnouns0a man of knowledge increases his strengthThe abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1476PRO246i9safigs-abstractnouns0by wise directionThe abstract noun “direction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1477PRO246e43z0wage your war“fight your war”
1478PRO246nll10advisorsthose who tell government officials what those officials should do
1479PRO247ten90General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1480PRO247r9t9figs-idiom0too high for a foolThis is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1481PRO247e2pvfigs-metonymy0open his mouthThe mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1482PRO248f77e0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1483PRO248f9l90a master of schemesone who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
1484PRO2410xt510General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1485PRO2410dbq1figs-idiom0your strength is smallThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1486PRO2411t92q0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1487PRO2411xc8kfigs-activepassive0those who are being taken awayThese words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1488PRO2411n8k20taken awayAnother possible meaning is “dragged away.”
1489PRO2411ru950staggeringwalking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
1490PRO2411kl46figs-abstractnouns0the slaughterThe abstract noun “slaughter” can be translated as a verb. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1491PRO2412k5el0If you say, “Behold,…this,” doesThe writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, Behold,…this, but does”
1492PRO2412akd70Behold, we“Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
1493PRO2412yi61figs-rquestion0does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1494PRO2412cx5xfigs-euphemism0the one whoThe writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1495PRO2412zda4figs-metonymy0weighs the heartThe word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1496PRO2412pa6xfigs-rquestion0The one who guards your life, does he not know it?The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1497PRO2412m55qfigs-rquestion0Will God not give to each one what he deserves?The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1498PRO2413q7s60General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1499PRO2414p5t6figs-activepassive0your hope will not be cut offPossible meanings are (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1500PRO2415i96h0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1501PRO2415s1wwfigs-idiom0Do not lie in waitThe words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1502PRO2415g6w60his homethe home of the righteous person
1503PRO2416jrm70rises again“gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
1504PRO2416k8lyfigs-personification0wicked people are brought down by calamityThe writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1505PRO2416u49kfigs-metaphor0are brought downThis is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1506PRO2416ze9b0calamitytimes when bad things happen to people and their property
1507PRO2417rpu60General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1508PRO2417t9ei0your enemy falls“something bad happens to your enemy”
1509PRO2417by2hfigs-synecdoche0let not your heart be gladThis is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1510PRO2418b18ifigs-idiom0turn away his wrath from himThe words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1511PRO2419yp9l0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1512PRO2420mmf6figs-metaphor0the lamp of wicked people will go outThe lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1513PRO2421j1fr0General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
1514PRO2421vvr90Feara deep respect and awe for a person in authority
1515PRO2422jzb3figs-rquestion0who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them?The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1516PRO2422ub7e0both of themthese words refer to Yahweh and the king
1517PRO2423jq5s0These also are sayings of the wiseThis sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
1518PRO2423ci6n0a case at lawa situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
1519PRO2424lma60Whoever says to the wicked person,…will be cursed by peoples and hated by nationsThe word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person,…, and the people of other nations will hate him”
1520PRO2424rfb90the wicked person…a righteous personPossible meanings are (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime…innocent”
1521PRO2425xwv50will have delight“will be very happy”
1522PRO2425ufh1figs-personification0gifts of goodness will come to themGifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. The abstract noun “goodness” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1523PRO2425uy7d0gifts of goodness“good things” or “blessings”
1524PRO2426sz6ffigs-idiom0gives a kiss on the lipsA kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1525PRO2428u5rpfigs-metonymy0with your lipsThe lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1526PRO2429cke7figs-idiom0pay him backThis is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1527PRO2431w3gw0Thornsuseless plants with sharp spines
1528PRO2431j4m70nettlesplants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
1529PRO2431chw40was broken down“had fallen down”
1530PRO2432u9za0received instruction“learned a lesson”
1531PRO2434d7gxfigs-ellipsis0and poverty comesThis finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest, but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1532PRO2434v85wfigs-personification0poverty comes marching upon youSome translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1533PRO2434zx1yfigs-simile0your needs like an armed soldierNeeds are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1534PRO25introl94s0# Proverbs 25 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1535PRO252x2ec0to conceal a matter“to keep some things secret”
1536PRO252cj4pfigs-ellipsis0but the gloryThe ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1537PRO252dg6e0search it out“search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
1538PRO253jtp4figs-simile0Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchableThe hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1539PRO253b9470heavensThis refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1540PRO254jgm10drossthe material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
1541PRO255vvu5figs-metonymy0his throne will be established by doingThe throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1542PRO257w69gfigs-explicit0It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” thanHere “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1543PRO257qf2z0before a nobleman“in front of a nobleman”
1544PRO258t9ugfigs-rquestion0For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame?This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1545PRO259lgk70your case“your disagreement”
1546PRO259c77l0do not disclose anothers secret“do not share your neighbors secret with other people”
1547PRO2510fr3gfigs-activepassive0an evil report about you that cannot be silencedHere “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1548PRO2511e2ayfigs-metaphor0Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situationThe goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1549PRO2511sq350Apples of gold in settings of silverThe ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. Possible meanings are (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
1550PRO2511ptu8figs-activepassive0is a word spokenThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1551PRO2512ir54figs-metaphor0A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening earThe value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1552PRO2512i38pfigs-synecdoche0listening earThe ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1553PRO2513tc4qfigs-simile0Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messengerHere a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1554PRO2513sxk7figs-metaphor0the cold of snowSnow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1555PRO2513v57a0snowwhite flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
1556PRO2513z9pn0brings back the life of his mastersThis means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
1557PRO2514hbd4figs-metaphor0Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts…not giveMost translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts…not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts…not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1558PRO2515v2wvfigs-activepassive0With patience a ruler can be persuadedThese words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1559PRO2515eed7figs-metaphor0a soft tongue can break a boneThe word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1560PRO2516dc7bfigs-metaphor0General Information:Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1561PRO2518r378figs-simile0A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrowA false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1562PRO2519p8jxfigs-simile0An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slipsA foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1563PRO2520j5q40carbonate of sodaThis is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
1564PRO2520ef6rfigs-explicit0sings songsYou may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1565PRO2520z9shfigs-synecdoche0a heavy heartThe heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1566PRO2522eb7pfigs-idiom0shovel coals of fire on his headThis is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1567PRO2523xj7i0the north windIn Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
1568PRO2523z36v0a tongue that tells secretsSome versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
1569PRO2523gn4tfigs-synecdoche0result in angry facesThe face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1570PRO2524siz4figs-explicit0a corner of the roofHouses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1571PRO2524urg50a quarreling wifea wife who often argues or complains
1572PRO2525p4p8figs-simile0Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far countryCold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1573PRO2526p3dyfigs-simile0Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked peopleOne expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1574PRO2526tiq8figs-metaphor0tottering before wicked peopleTottering is a metaphor for either (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1575PRO2526fe9hfigs-metaphor0totteringThis is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1576PRO2526e13rfigs-idiom0before wicked peoplePossible meanings are (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1577PRO2527h7jffigs-simile0It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor.Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1578PRO2527x6infigs-litotes0It is not goodThis can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1579PRO2527ea110that is like searching for honor after honor“that is like always thinking about how others should honor you.” The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.”
1580PRO2528gl3pfigs-simile0A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls.Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1581PRO2528jh450breached and without walls“whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
1582PRO26introjuh90# Proverbs 26 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1583PRO261w8ycfigs-simile0Like snow in summer or rain in harvestNormally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1584PRO262kdg7figs-simile0so an undeserved curse does not alightA curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1585PRO262mf19figs-activepassive0an undeserved curseThis can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1586PRO262t3fg0alightland on someone or something
1587PRO263v3b70A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of foolsA whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
1588PRO263le7r0a bridle is for the donkeyA bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkeys head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
1589PRO263q1bg0a rod is for the back of foolsIn the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
1590PRO265rz540Answer a fool and join in on his follyJoining in on a fools folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
1591PRO265q48wfigs-metaphor0so he will not become wise in his own eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1592PRO266ang1figs-metonymy0Whoever sends a message by the hand of a foolHere the hand represents the fools responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1593PRO266ife4figs-metaphor0cuts off his own feetCutting off ones own feet is an exaggeration for harming ones self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1594PRO266a1zcfigs-metaphor0drinks violenceViolence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1595PRO267h8yxfigs-simile0Like the legs…is a proverb in the mouth of foolsThe phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1596PRO267m6mr0a paralytica person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
1597PRO267nq9kfigs-metonymy0in the mouth of foolsHere “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1598PRO268vhn4figs-explicit0tying a stone in a slingIn order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1599PRO268fy3g0giving honor to a fool“honoring a fool”
1600PRO269l82zfigs-simile0Like a thorn…is a proverb in the mouth of foolsHow the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1601PRO269z794figs-synecdoche0a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkardPossible meanings are (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1602PRO269q3ggfigs-metonymy0in the mouth of foolsHere “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1603PRO2610lu8m0hires a fool“gives a job to a fool”
1604PRO2611dgd20As a dog returns to his own vomit“As a dog eats its own vomit”
1605PRO2612cxr5figs-rquestion0Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes?This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1606PRO2612n43z0There is more hope for a fool than for him“A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
1607PRO2613y1yv0The lazy person says, “There is a lion…between the open places!”The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
1608PRO2613xyz80There is a lion on the roadSee how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
1609PRO2613ufn80the open placesThis refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
1610PRO2614bfi20hingesmetal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
1611PRO2614uv1dfigs-simile0As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bedBoth the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1612PRO2615j4ce0puts his hand into the dish“puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
1613PRO2615x6usfigs-hyperbole0he has no strength to lift it up to his mouthThis is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1614PRO2616e6pbfigs-metaphor0The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven menThe phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1615PRO2617xh36figs-simile0Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his ownThis can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other peoples dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dogs ears” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1616PRO2617z69efigs-explicit0Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dogThe implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dogs ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1617PRO2617ul2wfigs-explicit0is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his ownThe implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1618PRO2619kd8e0the one who deceivesBoth the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
1619PRO2619g1qdfigs-rquestion0Was I not telling a joke?The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1620PRO2620ivv30gossipera person who gossips a lot
1621PRO2621l2ugfigs-explicit0As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fireWhat charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1622PRO2621ud8hfigs-metaphor0kindling strifeTo kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1623PRO2622ye74figs-simile0The words of a gossip are like delicious morselsThis speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1624PRO2622rb3sfigs-metaphor0they go down into the inner parts of the bodyThis speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a persons mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a persons mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1625PRO2623i9mzfigs-simile0Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heartThis simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1626PRO2623ky5d0the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel“the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
1627PRO2623u5wyfigs-synecdoche0so are burning lips and an evil heartThis represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1628PRO2623s94pfigs-metaphor0burning lipsThe word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1629PRO2623p5hffigs-metonymy0an evil heartThe heart represents a persons thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1630PRO2624rhg2figs-metaphor0disguises his feelings with his lipsDisguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1631PRO2624qu8bfigs-metaphor0he lays up deceit within himselfBeing deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1632PRO2625f4gf0but do not believe him“but do not believe what he says”
1633PRO2625q7lnfigs-metaphor0for there are seven abominations in his heartThe number seven represents completeness. Possible meanings are (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1634PRO2626iv6jfigs-activepassive0Though his hatred is covered with deceptionThis can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1635PRO2626d99dfigs-metaphor0Though his hatred is covered with deceptionKeeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1636PRO2626slh6figs-metaphor0his wickedness will be exposed in the assemblyBeing exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1637PRO2626d2jn0the assembly“the community of Israel”
1638PRO2627sg61figs-explicit0Whoever digs a pit will fall into itIt is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1639PRO2627nj1wfigs-explicit0the stone will roll back on the one who pushed itIt is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1640PRO2628wvw9figs-synecdoche0A lying tongue hates the people it crushesThe phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1641PRO2628dfi2figs-synecdoche0a flattering mouth brings about ruinThe phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1642PRO2628qp8a0flatteringpraising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
1643PRO27introec7g0# Proverbs 27 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1644PRO271f85wfigs-explicit0Do not boast about tomorrowThis is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1645PRO271t368figs-metaphor0what a day may bringSomething happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1646PRO272cyj6figs-ellipsis0and not your own mouth…and not your own lipsThe words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you…and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself…and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1647PRO272jhl7figs-ellipsis0a strangerThe words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1648PRO273snl3figs-metaphor0the provocation of a fool is heavier than bothThe difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1649PRO273hs8d0the provocation of a fool“the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
1650PRO274j57vfigs-abstractnouns0There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy?The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1651PRO274l3ui0cruelty“harshness”
1652PRO274srl1figs-metaphor0the flood of anger“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1653PRO274nh38figs-rquestion0but who is able to stand before jealousy?This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1654PRO274inj9figs-metaphor0to stand before jealousyHere standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1655PRO275yva8figs-abstractnouns0Better is an open rebukeThe abstract noun “rebuke” can be expressed with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1656PRO275pz3xfigs-abstractnouns0than hidden love“than love that is not openly shown.” The abstract noun “love” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1657PRO276d5v5figs-metaphor0Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1658PRO276uw1kfigs-metonymy0Faithful are the wounds caused by a friendThe trustworthiness of a friends rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friends rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1659PRO276wzd4figs-explicit0but an enemy may kiss you profuselyIt can be stated clearly that the enemys kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemys many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1660PRO276d2u70profusely“abundantly” or “too many times”
1661PRO277diy70A person who has eaten to the full“A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
1662PRO277v4fr0rejects even a honeycombA honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
1663PRO277aj750every bitter thing is sweet“everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
1664PRO278tmr6figs-simile0Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he livesThe words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1665PRO279p2m80PerfumeThe word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
1666PRO279zj6kfigs-metonymy0make the heart rejoiceHere “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1667PRO279fa3bfigs-metaphor0the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counselPossible meanings are (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friends kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1668PRO2710c6gz0your brothers houseHere the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
1669PRO2710zin10calamityextreme troubles and misfortune
1670PRO2711v2t7figs-metonymy0make my heart rejoiceHere the “heart” represents the persons feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1671PRO2711sv31figs-explicit0then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks meHere “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1672PRO2711gm950mocksmakes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
1673PRO2712y47t0A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of itSee how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
1674PRO2712jm890A prudent man“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
1675PRO2712j5th0the naive people“the inexperienced and immature people”
1676PRO2712bv110sufferexperience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
1677PRO2713l1r3figs-explicit0Take a garment of one who has put up security for a strangerWhen lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1678PRO2713q6cifigs-idiom0who has put up securityThis means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1679PRO2713gvg7figs-idiom0hold it in pledgeTo “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1680PRO2714xjs10Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing“If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
1681PRO2714z5gafigs-activepassive0that blessing will be considered to be a curseThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1682PRO2715bh2v0quarrelingThis means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
1683PRO2715caj9figs-explicit0the constant drippingThe implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1684PRO2715ldj60a rainy day“a day of continual rain”
1685PRO2716e46jfigs-simile0restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right handThe implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1686PRO2716tfg7figs-explicit0restraining her“holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1687PRO2716z86v0restraining the wind“holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
1688PRO2717w3vafigs-simile0Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend.These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a mans character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1689PRO2718gbr20who tends“who takes care of”
1690PRO2718d71dfigs-activepassive0the one who protects his master will be honoredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1691PRO2719z68afigs-metonymy0a persons heartHere this means a persons thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1692PRO2720nv5htranslate-names0AbaddonThis is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1693PRO2720c28l0are never satisfied“are never filled up”
1694PRO2720q6udfigs-metonymy0a mans eyesHere the “eyes” represent a mans desires. Alternate translation: “a mans desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1695PRO2721c4r4figs-explicit0A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for goldThis refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1696PRO2721eg8jtranslate-unknown0cruciblea container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1697PRO2721eza1translate-unknown0furnacean oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1698PRO2721b7qdfigs-activepassive0a person is tested when he is praisedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1699PRO2722m5zvfigs-metaphor0Even if you crush a fool…yet his foolishness will not leave himThis means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1700PRO2722ir3ktranslate-unknown0pestlea hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1701PRO2723ixh6figs-parallelism0Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herdsThese two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1702PRO2723de7k0your flocks“flocks of sheep”
1703PRO2723b9bu0your herds“herds of goats”
1704PRO2724v1t6figs-rquestion0Does a crown endure for all generations?This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. This can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1705PRO2724gu92figs-metonymy0a crownHere “crown” is a metonym for a kings rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a kings rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1706PRO2725n1ai0the new growth appears“the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
1707PRO2726ra5w0Connecting Statement:Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
1708PRO2726dar8figs-explicit0Those lambs will provide your clothingThe implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1709PRO2726j2vpfigs-explicit0the goats will provide the price of the fieldThe implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1710PRO2727q28mfigs-explicit0nourishment for your servant girlsThe implied information is that there will also be enough goats milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goats milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1711PRO2727xjw40nourishment“food”
1712PRO28introg91u0# Proverbs 28 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1713PRO282b4c7figs-abstractnouns0Because of the transgression of a landThe abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1714PRO282qks4figs-metonymy0the transgression of a landThis is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1715PRO282ivf7figs-explicit0with a man of understanding and knowledgeThe implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1716PRO283tx2c0who oppresses“who severely mistreats”
1717PRO283pb4kfigs-simile0like a beating rain that leaves no foodThe poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1718PRO283p9vxfigs-metaphor0beating rainThis is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1719PRO284z1ah0forsake the law“forsake Gods law”
1720PRO284j98ffigs-metaphor0those who keep the lawTo “keep the law” means to do what Gods law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey Gods law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1721PRO284whf7figs-metaphor0fight against them“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1722PRO285pi7rfigs-gendernotations0Evil menHere “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
1723PRO285t38qfigs-abstractnouns0do not understand justiceThe abstract noun “justice” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1724PRO285k5mhfigs-metaphor0those who seek YahwehThose who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1725PRO285ru6tfigs-explicit0understand everythingThe implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1726PRO286q4ty0It is better for a poor person…than for a rich person“It is better to be a poor person…than it is to be a rich person”
1727PRO286pfi9figs-metaphor0walks in his integrityThis represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1728PRO286jdf4figs-metaphor0who is crooked in his waysRich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1729PRO287b5pvfigs-metaphor0He who keeps the lawTo “keep the law” means to do what Gods law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys Gods law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1730PRO287h42hfigs-abstractnouns0a son who has understandingThe abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1731PRO287rh6n0of gluttons“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
1732PRO287q9hm0shames his father“puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
1733PRO288uef70makes his fortune“increases his wealth”
1734PRO288i36g0charging too much interest“charging extra money to borrow”
1735PRO288tj5f0interestmoney paid by a borrower for the use of someone elses money
1736PRO288xz6i0gathers his wealth“brings his wealth together”
1737PRO288e1qz0for another“for another person”
1738PRO288s7xf0pitya strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
1739PRO289w4280If one“If a person”
1740PRO289s7cffigs-synecdoche0turns away his ear from hearing the lawThis represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting Gods law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1741PRO289ztw6figs-activepassive0even his prayer is detestable“even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1742PRO289a3bi0detestableSee how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
1743PRO2810hgy2figs-metaphor0Whoever misleads the upright into an evil wayThis is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1744PRO2810pv8z0Whoever misleads…evil way will fall“If anyone misleads…evil way, he will fall”
1745PRO2810m6rzfigs-nominaladj0the uprightThis refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1746PRO2810tw7hfigs-metaphor0will fall into his own pit“will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1747PRO2810yg55figs-nominaladj0the blamelessThis refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1748PRO2810w7560will have a good inheritance“will inherit what is good”
1749PRO2811eg7vfigs-metaphor0be wise in his own eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1750PRO2811pj9jfigs-abstractnouns0who has understandingThe abstract noun “understanding” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1751PRO2811ynr5figs-idiom0will find him outThis is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1752PRO2812qew30When the righteous triumph“When righteous people succeed”
1753PRO2812zkn5figs-idiom0when the wicked ariseThis is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1754PRO2812emq6figs-nominaladj0the wickedThis refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1755PRO2812g949figs-explicit0people are sought outYou may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1756PRO2813h8gmfigs-metaphor0hides his sins“covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1757PRO2813e7kw0will not prosper“will not succeed” or “will not advance”
1758PRO2813m9fzfigs-activepassive0the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercyThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1759PRO2814nh5tfigs-activepassive0The one who always lives with reverence is blessedThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1760PRO2814ffn2figs-abstractnouns0lives with reverenceThe abstract noun “reverence” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1761PRO2814ijf70reverenceThis refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
1762PRO2814ymm80whoever hardens his heart“the one who hardens his heart”
1763PRO2814ebu1figs-idiom0hardens his heartThis is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1764PRO2814l7eefigs-metaphor0will fall into troubleThis represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1765PRO2815z8tifigs-simile0Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor peoplePoor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1766PRO2815x5l1translate-unknown0a charging bearA bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1767PRO2816et9jfigs-abstractnouns0The ruler who lacks understandingThe abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1768PRO2816az950oppressora person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
1769PRO2816lv7nfigs-abstractnouns0the one who hates dishonestyThe abstract noun “dishonesty” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1770PRO2816eae9figs-idiom0prolong his daysPossible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1771PRO2817rm8gfigs-metonymy0he has shed someones bloodHere “blood” represents a persons life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1772PRO2817v5920fugitivea person who is running away to avoid being captured
1773PRO2817iz6wfigs-idiom0until death“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1774PRO2818nhr1figs-activepassive0Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safeThis can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1775PRO2818u4m50Whoever“Anyone who”
1776PRO2818f45ffigs-metaphor0walks with integrityThis represents a person living a life of integrity. The abstract noun “integrity” can be expressed as an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1777PRO2818kvc6figs-metaphor0the one whose way is crookedA dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1778PRO2818x79afigs-metaphor0will suddenly fallWhat will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1779PRO2819dlk70works his landThis means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
1780PRO2819uq9z0whoever follows“anyone who follows”
1781PRO2819t64pfigs-idiom0follows worthless pursuits“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1782PRO2819b8y8figs-irony0will have plenty of povertyThe person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1783PRO2820ix4qfigs-litotes0the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunishedThe double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1784PRO2820nt6pfigs-explicit0the one who gets rich quicklyThe implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1785PRO2821kg9cfigs-hyperbole0for a piece of bread a man will do wrong“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1786PRO2821phu70do wrong“sin”
1787PRO2822v63d0A stingy man“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
1788PRO2822f7a8figs-idiom0hurries after richesThe stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1789PRO2822mz2hfigs-idiom0poverty will come upon himThe result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. The abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1790PRO2823sr8rfigs-activepassive0Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongueThis can be stated in active form, with the abstract noun “favor” being expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1791PRO2823q2x80Whoever disciplines“If a person disciplines”
1792PRO2823hi860disciplinestrains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
1793PRO2823k6hlfigs-metonymy0flatters him with his tongueThe tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1794PRO2823l9i10flatterspraises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
1795PRO2824xcp20Whoever robs“The one who robs”
1796PRO2824qt94figs-quotations0says, “That is no sin,” heThis can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1797PRO2824ie7mfigs-idiom0the companion ofPossible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1798PRO2825e3ce0A greedy mana person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
1799PRO2825bkj4figs-metaphor0stirs up conflictThe action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1800PRO2826pnc4figs-synecdoche0One who trusts in his own heartDepending on ones self is spoken of as trusting in ones own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1801PRO2826dyj30whoever walks“any person who walks”
1802PRO2826g7hyfigs-idiom0walks in wisdomPossible meanings are (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1803PRO2827yhn40The one“The person”
1804PRO2827y6e6figs-nominaladj0the poorThis refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1805PRO2827iwx5figs-litotes0lack nothingThis double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1806PRO2827ykd8figs-activepassive0whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many cursesThis can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1807PRO2827cgl40whoever closes“anyone who closes”
1808PRO2827x8x1figs-metonymy0closes his eyes toClosing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1809PRO2828ku38figs-idiom0When the wicked ariseThis is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1810PRO2828xc51figs-hyperbole0people hide themselvesThis is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1811PRO2828vjp80perishPossible meanings are (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
1812PRO2828pd870increasePossible meanings are (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
1813PRO29intropkl40# Proverbs 29 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Themes<br><br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1814PRO291rl7afigs-metaphor0who stiffens his neckA person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1815PRO291nb5zfigs-activepassive0will be broken in a momentThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1816PRO291y5ftfigs-metaphor0beyond healing“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1817PRO292w7r2figs-metonymy0the people sighThe people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1818PRO294v6dufigs-abstractnouns0by justiceThe abstract noun “justice” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1819PRO295x5x60flatters his neighborknowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
1820PRO295udx2figs-metaphor0spreading a net for his feetThe writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1821PRO296k8iqfigs-idiom0In the sin of an evil person is a trapWhen an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1822PRO298g91sfigs-metonymy0set a city on fireHere the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1823PRO298vcu6figs-idiom0turn away wrathThis idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1824PRO299el5g0has an argument withAnother possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
1825PRO299tzx70he rages and laughsThe fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
1826PRO299kn5t0ragesThis means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
1827PRO299qmv50there will be no rest“they will not be able to settle the problem”
1828PRO2910jbu4figs-idiom0seek the life ofThis idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1829PRO2912ui7k0pays attention“listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
1830PRO2912b9esfigs-metaphor0all his officials will be wickedThe actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1831PRO2913f56w0oppressora person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
1832PRO2913psq6figs-idiom0Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them bothThis idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1833PRO2914x486figs-metonymy0his throneThe throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1834PRO2915ybi8figs-personification0The rod and reproof give wisdomThe writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1835PRO2915p19zfigs-metonymy0The rodParents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1836PRO2915m43w0reproofWhen a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
1837PRO2916th5tfigs-abstractnouns0transgression increasesThe abstract noun “transgression” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1838PRO2916ha78figs-abstractnouns0the downfall of those wicked peopleThe abstract noun “downfall” can be translated with the verb “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1839PRO2918s41bfigs-activepassive0the one who keeps the law is blessedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1840PRO2919kl1yfigs-activepassive0A slave will not be corrected by wordsThis can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1841PRO2920qfr9figs-rquestion0See a man who is hasty in his words?The writer is using a question to get the readers attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1842PRO2921k1j60who pampers his slave“who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
1843PRO2921qas40at the end of it“at the end of the slaves youth” or “when the slave is grown”
1844PRO2921qs950there will be troubleThese words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
1845PRO2922s7hafigs-metaphor0stirs up strifeCausing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. The abstract noun “strife” can be stated as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1846PRO2922ad7mfigs-idiom0a master of rageThis idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1847PRO2923z268figs-activepassive0one who has a humble spirit will be given honorThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1848PRO2924jpz10hates his own life“becomes his own enemy”
1849PRO2924ej5kfigs-explicit0he hears the curse and says nothingPossible meanings are (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1850PRO2925t7d5figs-metaphor0The fear of man makes a snareBeing afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1851PRO2925k5l20a snarea trap that catches animals with ropes
1852PRO2925t3gkfigs-activepassive0the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protectedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1853PRO2926sa3kfigs-metonymy0Many are those who seek the face of the rulerThe word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1854PRO2926w96bfigs-abstractnouns0from Yahweh is justice for a personIt is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. The abstract noun “justice” can be stated as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1855PRO2927c4s90detestablea person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
1856PRO30introaud80# Proverbs 30 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br>### Agur<br><br>His full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.<br><br>### Three things and four<br><br>From verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1857PRO301u8l9translate-names0Agur…Jakeh…Ithiel…UcalThese are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1858PRO301v8qt0Agur son of JakehThis is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
1859PRO301ic3d0the utterance“the message”
1860PRO301y7qf0to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal“to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
1861PRO302n4d90Surely“Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
1862PRO302ij38figs-abstractnouns0I do not have the understanding of a human beingThe abstract noun “understanding” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1863PRO303ln5ffigs-abstractnouns0nor do I have knowledge of the Holy OneThe abstract noun “knowledge” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1864PRO304kw1afigs-rquestion0Who has…down? Who has…hands? Who has…cloak? Who has…earth?The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever…down. No person has ever…hands. No person has ever…cloak. No person has ever…earth.” or “Who has…down? Who has…hands? Who has…cloak? Who has…earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1865PRO304eb1b0heavenwhere God lives
1866PRO304bz7zfigs-metaphor0gathered up the wind in the hollow of his handsThe writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867PRO304g4i70the hollow of his handsthe way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
1868PRO304l4kf0gathered upbrought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
1869PRO304rce50has established all the ends of the earth“has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
1870PRO304t7g1figs-rquestion0What is his name, and what is the name of his son?The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1871PRO304jv39figs-irony0Surely you know!The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1872PRO305mna2figs-metaphor0is testedWords are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1873PRO305u15zfigs-metaphor0he is a shield to those who take refuge in himThe word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1874PRO306lu630add to his wordssay more than he has said
1875PRO306e39xfigs-activepassive0you will be proved to beThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1876PRO308v3d5figs-metaphor0Put vanity and lies far away from mePossible meanings are (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1877PRO308jw320vanityfalse, useless words
1878PRO308wk6qfigs-metaphor0Give me neither poverty nor richesThe writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1879PRO309vrk2figs-hypo0if I have too much, I might deny you and sayThis describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1880PRO309t24ifigs-hypo0if I become poor, I might steal and profaneThis describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1881PRO309f4ah0I might steal and profane the name of my God“I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm Gods reputation by stealing”
1882PRO3010rz4a0slanderspeak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
1883PRO3010ycc90he will curse“the servant will curse”
1884PRO3010u5fufigs-activepassive0you will be held guiltyThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1885PRO3011sz6e0a generation that curses…and does not bless“a generation of people who curse…and do not bless”
1886PRO3011z4bb0generationtype or class or group
1887PRO3012h8cq0a generation that is“a generation of people that are”
1888PRO3012dp6pfigs-metaphor0is pure in their own eyesThe eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1889PRO3012re7rfigs-metaphor0they are not washed of their filthThe words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1890PRO3012fyp50filthThis should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
1891PRO3013ey4dfigs-metonymy0eyes are raised up…their eyelids lifted upThis describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1892PRO3014zca7figs-metaphor0There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor…and the needyThe people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1893PRO3014z22j0jawbonesthe bones of the face where teeth grow
1894PRO3015yr92figs-metaphor0The leech has two daughtersThis is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1895PRO3015ik610leecha type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
1896PRO3015n8v60“Give and give” they cryAnother possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.”
1897PRO3015snu6writing-poetry0There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough”This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, Enough” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1898PRO3015xlu4figs-litotes0are never satisfiedThis can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1899PRO3016d8p5figs-personification0land that is never satisfied with waterLand that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1900PRO3017hr1jfigs-abstractnouns0scorns obedience to a motherThe word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1901PRO3017pr2u0his eyes…the vulturesThe writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
1902PRO3017l9a8figs-activepassive0his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valleyThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1903PRO3017x3vs0ravenslarge, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
1904PRO3017sxz9figs-activepassive0he will be eaten by the vulturesThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1905PRO3017k8je0vulturesany one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
1906PRO3018njh20There are three things that are…four that I do not understand:The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
1907PRO3019u9rpfigs-metaphor0in the heart of the seaThe “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1908PRO3020h26kfigs-euphemism0she eats and she wipes her mouthThis seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1909PRO3021s3e30Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear upThe use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
1910PRO3022xv9vfigs-activepassive0a fool when he is filled with foodThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1911PRO3023l8m1figs-activepassive0a hated woman when she marriesThat is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1912PRO3023dwd50takes the place of her mistressrules the household
1913PRO3026p11p0rock badgersan animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
1914PRO3028l4zb0lizarda small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
1915PRO3029u31f0There are three things that are…four that are stately in how they walkThe use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
1916PRO3029dc440statelymajestic or dignified, like a king
1917PRO3031e3z80strutting roosteran adult male chicken that walks proudly
1918PRO3033kgm40churningstrongly stirring
1919PRO3033nj7p0butterAnimal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
1920PRO31introdd9p0# Proverbs 31 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])<br><br>### King Lemuel<br><br>This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### An acrostic poem<br><br>Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.<br><br>### Themes<br>There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
1921PRO312nw5lfigs-rquestion0What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows?Possible meanings of the rhetorical question “What” are (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1922PRO312ag7f0my son…son of my womb…son of my vowsThe speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
1923PRO312ye5f0son of my wombThe womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
1924PRO312p2hh0son of my vowsThe “vows” could be (1) the mothers marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
1925PRO313irw80Do not give your strength to women“Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
1926PRO313tuq50or your ways to those who destroy kings“or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
1927PRO313j3yt0your waysPossible meanings are (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
1928PRO313v8um0those who destroy kingsprobably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
1929PRO314s8mw0LemuelThis is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
1930PRO315ex8nfigs-activepassive0what has been decreedThis can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1931PRO315w2jv0pervert the rights of all the afflicted“deny afflicted people their legal rights”
1932PRO315y3ds0pervertexchange good for evil
1933PRO315mdn60all the afflicted“all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
1934PRO316q63sfigs-ellipsis0and wineThe ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1935PRO316i7g70in bitter distress“whos souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
1936PRO317f15vfigs-abstractnouns0his povertyThe abstract noun “poverty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1937PRO317cb4bfigs-abstractnouns0his troubleThe abstract noun “trouble” can be translated as a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1938PRO318r3tlfigs-idiom0Speak for those who cannot speakSpeaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1939PRO318mxp7figs-metonymy0for the causes of all who are perishingThe cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1940PRO318e1y9figs-ellipsis0for the causesThe ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1941PRO319yc2mfigs-doublet0poor and needy peopleThese two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1942PRO3110ufh2figs-rquestion0Who can find a capable wife?The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1943PRO3110v97s0Her value is far more than jewels“She is more precious than jewels”
1944PRO3111i7unfigs-litotes0he will never be poorThis litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1945PRO3113usy50woolsheeps hair that is used to make cloth
1946PRO3113xs1v0flaxa plant whose fiber is used to make linen
1947PRO3113n9qr0with the delight of her handsPossible meanings are that the word “delight” describes (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
1948PRO3114h9840merchantsomeone who buys and sells
1949PRO3115ry3t0distributes the work for her female servants“tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
1950PRO3116fgc9figs-metaphor0the fruit of her handsThe money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1951PRO3117vv53figs-idiom0She dresses herself with strengthPutting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1952PRO3117fn860makes her arms strong“she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
1953PRO3118d4np0perceivessees by looking carefully
1954PRO3118jpw6figs-hyperbole0all night long her lamp is not extinguishedThis is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1955PRO3119d3iv0spindlea thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
1956PRO3120en6lfigs-metonymy0reaches out with her hand to poorThe hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1957PRO3120s1we0reaches out with her hands toThese words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md).
1958PRO3121tt96figs-metonymy0are clothed in scarletHere “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1959PRO3121ail40scarletThe color red, but with a hint of orange.
1960PRO3122a3x10linencloth made of flax yarn
1961PRO3123ra37figs-activepassive0Her husband is knownThis can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1962PRO3123dbz10when he sits with the elders of the landto make laws and settle arguments
1963PRO3124d6wi0linencloth made from flax yarn
1964PRO3124ghw50sasheslong pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
1965PRO3125k3bifigs-metaphor0She is clothed with strength and honorHaving strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1966PRO3125a29gfigs-hyperbole0laughs at the time to comeThis is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1967PRO3126lb6qfigs-metonymy0opens her mouth with wisdomThe act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. The abstract noun “wisdom” can be translated as an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1968PRO3126q9jlfigs-metonymy0the law of kindness is on her tongueThe phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1969PRO3127uqe6figs-metaphor0watches over the ways of her householdThe word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1970PRO3127ynb8figs-idiom0does not eat the bread of idlenessTo “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1971PRO3127j79l0idlenessdoing nothing and being lazy
1972PRO3128hq5ufigs-metonymy0rise up andPossible meanings are (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1973PRO3128lqv2figs-quotations0call her blessedsaying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1974PRO3129fl850you surpassed“you have done better than”
1975PRO3130e8cjfigs-abstractnouns0Elegance is deceptiveThe abstract noun “elegance” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1976PRO3130qcq1figs-abstractnouns0beauty is vainThe abstract noun “beauty” can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1977PRO3130k9e4figs-activepassive0she will be praisedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1978PRO3131df11figs-metaphor0the fruit of her handsThe money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1979PRO3131ef6yfigs-metonymy0let her works praise her in the gatesShe will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])