Testing_ABC_en_tn/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv

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1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2JAS11ssc80General Information: The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places.
3JAS14unh4τέλειοι1fully developed able to trust in Christ and obey him in all circumstances
4JAS16p12lfigs-simileὁ γὰρ διακρινόμενος ἔοικεν κλύδωνι θαλάσσης, ἀνεμιζομένῳ καὶ ῥιπιζομένῳ. 1For anyone who doubts is like a wave in the sea that is driven by the wind and tossed around Anyone who doubts that God will help him is said to be like the water in the ocean or in a large lake, which keeps moving in different directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
5JAS18k89pfigs-metaphorἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ 1unstable in all his ways Here this person is spoken of as if he cannot stay on one path but instead goes from one to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6JAS19yxs5figs-metaphorκαυχάσθω ... ἐν τῷ ὕψει αὐτοῦ 1boast of his high position Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7JAS110nug7figs-simileὡς ἄνθος χόρτου παρελεύσεται 1he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
8JAS111ng26figs-simileὁ πλούσιος ἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ μαρανθήσεται 1the rich man will fade away in the middle of his journey Here the flower simile is probably continued. As flowers do not die suddenly but instead fade away over a short time, so also the rich people may not die suddenly but instead take a little time to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
9JAS111sdi2figs-metaphorἐν ταῖς πορείαις αὐτοῦ 1in the middle of his journey A rich man's activities in daily life are spoken of as if they are a journey that he is making. This metaphor implies that he is giving no thought to his coming death, and that it will takes him by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10JAS112vcu40Connecting Statement: James reminds the believers who have fled that God does not cause temptation; he tells them how to avoid temptation.
11JAS112vr4aὑπομένει πειρασμόν 1endures testing remains faithful to God during hardships
12JAS112vta6δόκιμος1passed the test he has been approved by God
13JAS114nj9mfigs-personificationἕκαστος πειράζεται ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας 1each person is tempted by his own desire A person's desire is spoken of as if it were someone else who was tempting him to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
14JAS114nle5figs-personificationἐξελκόμενος καὶ δελεαζόμενος 1which drags him away and entices him Evil desire continues to be spoken of as if it were a person who could drag away someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
15JAS114z4bdδελεαζόμενος1enticesattracts, persuades someone to do evil
16JAS115s4cdfigs-personificationεἶτα ἡ ἐπιθυμία συλλαβοῦσα τίκτει ἁμαρτίαν, ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία ἀποτελεσθεῖσα, ἀποκύει θάνατον 1Then after the desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and after the sin is full grown, it gives birth to death Desire continues to be spoken of as a person, this time clearly as a woman who becomes pregnant with a child. The child is identified as sin. Sin is another female baby that grows up, becomes pregnant, and gives birth to death. This chain of metaphors is a picture of someone who ends up dying both spiritually and physically because of his evil desires and his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17JAS117t2nnfigs-doubletπᾶσα δόσις ἀγαθὴ καὶ πᾶν δώρημα τέλειον 1Every good gift and every perfect gift These two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
18JAS118mj29figs-metaphorἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς 1give us birth God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19JAS120ej4pὀργὴ ... ἀνδρὸς, δικαιοσύνην Θεοῦ οὐκ ἐργάζεται. 1the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God When a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous.
20JAS123pw5xfigs-simileοὗτος ἔοικεν ἀνδρὶ κατανοοῦντι τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐσόπτρῳ 1he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirror A person who hears God's word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
21JAS125kvr7figs-simileὁ ...παρακύψας εἰς νόμον τέλειον 1the person who looks carefully into the perfect law This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
22JAS126bj2tἀπατῶν1deceivesgets someone to believe something that is not true
23JAS127skf4figs-metaphorπαρὰ τῷ Θεῷ καὶ Πατρί 1before our God and Father directed to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24JAS127r8njἐν τῇ θλίψει αὐτῶν 1in their affliction The fatherless and widows are suffering because their fathers or husbands have died.
25JAS21ici90Connecting Statement: James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one another and reminds them not to favor rich people over poor brothers.
26JAS21qs2xfigs-metaphorἔχετε τὴν πίστιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 1hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27JAS21en1cπροσωπολημψίαις1favoritism toward certain people the desire to help some people more than others
28JAS22h5uhfigs-hypoἐὰν ...ἀνὴρ 1Suppose that someone James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
29JAS23zx9fσὺ κάθου ὧδε καλῶς 1sit here in a good place sit in this place of honor
30JAS23ce14σὺ στῆθι ἐκεῖ 1stand over there move to a place with less honor
31JAS23h2fyκάθου ὑπὸ τὸ ὑποπόδιόν μου 1Sit at my feet move to a humble place
32JAS25qii5figs-metaphorκληρονόμους1heirsThe people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
33JAS26yv6yfigs-youὑμεῖς δὲ ἠτιμάσατε 1But you have James is speaking to his whole audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
34JAS28ymf5ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν 1You shall love your neighbor as yourself James is quoting from the book of Leviticus.
35JAS210jb5ufigs-metaphorπταίσῃ δὲ ἐν ἑνί, γέγονεν πάντων ἔνοχος 1except that he stumbles ... the whole law Stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk. Disobeying one point of the law is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36JAS210m8epἐν ἑνί 1in just a single way because of disobedience to just one requirement of the law
37JAS211ez11ὁ γὰρ εἰπών 1For the one who said This refers to God, who gave the law to Moses.
38JAS212ik76διὰ νόμου 1by means of the law This passage implies that it is God who will judge according to his law.
39JAS214h3840Connecting Statement: James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works.
40JAS215f6elἀδελφὸς ἢ ἀδελφὴ 1brother or sister a fellow believer in Christ, whether male or female
41JAS216n5jhfigs-metonymyτοῦ σώματος 1for the body to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
42JAS218al63figs-hypoἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις 1Yet someone may say James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching. James seeks to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
43JAS221ysr80General Information: Since these are Jewish believers, they know the story of Abraham, about whom God had told them long ago in his word.
44JAS225hir8ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ Ῥαὰβ ἡ πόρνη οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη 1In the same way also ... justified by works James says that what was true of Abraham was also true of Rahab. Both were justified by works.
45JAS225pn2fῬαὰβ ἡ πόρνη 1Rahab the prostitute James expected his audience to know the Old Testament story about the woman Rahab.
46JAS225bx6ifigs-metaphorἐξ ἔργων ἐδικαιώθη 1justified by works James speaks of works as something to possess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47JAS225af9uἀγγέλους1messengerspeople who bring news from another place
48JAS226uum8figs-metaphorὥσπερ γὰρ τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πνεύματος νεκρόν ἐστιν οὕτως καὶ ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων νεκρά ἐστιν 1For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead James is speaking of faith without works as if it were a dead body without the spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
49JAS3intropy3p0# James 03 General Notes<br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br><br>James teaches his readers that they should live to please God by reminding them of things that they know from everyday life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
50JAS31p4uufigs-genericnounμὴ πολλοὶ 1Not many of you James is making a generalized statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
51JAS33z2ez0General Information: James is developing an argument that small things can control big things.
52JAS33zql3εἰ δὲ τῶν ἵππων τοὺς χαλινοὺς' εἰς τὰ στόματα βάλλομεν 1Now if we put bits into horses' mouths James speaks about horses' bits. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed into a horse's mouth to control where it goes.
53JAS33u92qτῶν ἵππων 1horsesA horse is a large animal used to carry things or people.
54JAS36i61efigs-metaphorὁ κόσμος τῆς ἀδικίας καθίσταται ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ἡμῶν 1a world of sinfulness set among our body parts The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
55JAS36sv44figs-metaphorἡ σπιλοῦσα ὅλον τὸ σῶμα 1It stains the whole body Sinful speaking is spoken of metaphorically as if it stained one's body. And becoming unacceptable to God is spoken of as if it were dirt on the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56JAS37b8c9translate-unknownἑρπετῶν1reptileThis is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
57JAS37zw5mἐναλίων1sea creature an animal that lives in the sea
58JAS311m18q0Connecting Statement: After James stresses that the words of believers should not both bless and curse, he gives examples from nature to teach his readers that people who honor God by worshiping him should also live in right ways.
59JAS41k21j0Connecting Statement: James rebukes these believers for their worldliness and their lack of humility. He again urges them to watch how they speak to and about each other.
60JAS41v5kgἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν 1among your members Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer.
61JAS44b5lyfigs-metonymyἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου 1friendship with the world This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
62JAS44br36figs-personificationἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου 1friendship with the world Here the world's value system is spoken of as if it were a person that others could be friends with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
63JAS47b5yzfigs-youὑμῶν1youHere this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
64JAS48g62mfigs-metaphorἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ 1Come close to God Here the idea of coming close stands for becoming honest and open with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65JAS48yh1kfigs-parallelismκαθαρίσατε χεῖρας, ἁμαρτωλοί, καὶ ἁγνίσατε καρδίας, δίψυχοι. 1Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded These are two phrases in parallel with each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
66JAS49kdn8figs-doubletταλαιπωρήσατε, πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε. 1Grieve, mourn, and cry These three words have similar meanings. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should be truly sorry for not obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
67JAS417q84zεἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν, καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν. 1for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin.
68JAS51phs30Connecting Statement: James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches.
69JAS52v241ὁ πλοῦτος ... τὰ ἱμάτια 1riches ... clothes These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
70JAS53wj9vχρυσὸς ... ἄργυρος 1gold ... silver These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
71JAS53i37xfigs-simileφάγεται τὰς σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ. 1will consume ... like fire Here the corrosion is spoken of as if it were a fire that will burn up their owners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
72JAS53j6fefigs-metaphorπῦρ1fireThe idea of fire here is meant to lead people to remember that fire often stands for God's punishment that will come on all the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
73JAS54gcj50Connecting Statement: James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches.
74JAS54h9y8figs-metaphorεἰς τὰ ὦτα Κυρίου Σαβαὼθ 1into the ears of the Lord of hosts God is spoken of as if he had ears as humans have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
75JAS57n8880General Information: In closing, James reminds the believers about the Lord's coming and gives several short lessons on how to live for the Lord.
76JAS57xr6g0Connecting Statement: James changes topics from a rebuke of the rich people to an exhortation to the believers.
77JAS57y4erfigs-metaphorὁ γεωργὸς 1the farmer James makes an analogy using farmers and believers to teach what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
78JAS59k74rμὴ στενάζετε, ἀδελφοί, κατ’ ἀλλήλων, ἵνα μὴ κριθῆτε. 1Do not complain, brothers ... you James is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers.
79JAS516t2iq0General Information: As these were Jewish believers, James reminds them to pray by recalling one of the prophets of old and that prophet's practical prayers.
80JAS516dl5kἐξομολογεῖσθε οὖν ... τὰς ἁμαρτίας, 1So confess your sins Admit to other believers things you did wrong so that you can be forgiven.
81JAS518yi7mἡ γῆ ἐβλάστησεν τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῆς 1the earth produced its fruit Here the earth is presented as the source of the crops.
82JAS520xg1yfigs-metonymyὁ ἐπιστρέψας ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ, σώσει ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκ θανάτου, καὶ καλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
83JAS520rh4dfigs-metaphorκαλύψει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν. 1will cover over a great number of sins Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])