Testing_ABC_en_tn/tn_2JN.tsv

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2front:introvpa90# Introduction to 2 John\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of the Book of 2 John\n\n1. Opening of letter (1:13)\n2. Encouragement and the commandment to love one another (1:46)\n3. Warning about false teachers (1:711)\n4. Closing of letter (1:1213)\n\n### Who wrote the Book of 2 John?\n\nThe author of this letter identifies himself only as “the elder.” However, the content of 2 John is similar to the content in Johns gospel. This suggests that the apostle John wrote this letter, and he would have done so near the end of his life.\n\n### To whom was the Book of 2 John written?\n\nThe author addresses this letter to someone he calls “the chosen lady” and to “her children” (1:1). Although this could refer to a specific woman and her children, that interpretation is unlikely. More probably, this is a figurative way to refer to a specific congregation and its members. This interpretation is supported by the way that John refers to the congregation with him as “the children of your chosen sister” in verse 13. This would be a readily understandable metaphor, since the word for “church” in Greek is a feminine noun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### What is the book of 2 John about?\n\nIt appears that John addressed this letter to a specific congregation of believers. Johns purpose in writing this letter to them was to warn his audience about false teachers. John did not want believers helping or giving money to false teachers.\n\nHe probably intended this message to be passed on to all believers in general.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nTranslators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 John” or “Second John.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “The Second Letter from John” or “The Second Letter John Wrote.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is hospitality?\n\nHospitality was an important concept in the ancient Near East. It was important to be friendly towards foreigners or outsiders and provide help to them if they needed it. John wanted believers to offer hospitality to guests. However, he did not want believers to offer hospitality to false teachers.\n\n### Who were the people John spoke against?\n\nThe people John spoke against may have been those who later became known as Gnostics. These people believed that the physical world was evil. Since the physical body was seen as evil, they did not think that God could become human. Therefore, they believed that Jesus was divine but denied that he was human. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What are the major textual issues in the text of the Book of 2 John?\n\nIn [1:12](../01/12.md), most modern versions of the Bible read “our joy.” There is another traditional reading that says “your joy.” If a version of the Bible already exists in your region, you should consider using the reading of that version in your translation. If not, you may wish to follow the reading that most Bible scholars consider to be authentic and say “our joy.” In this case, “our” would include both John and the letter recipients. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
31:1uspyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personὁ πρεσβύτερος1In this culture, letter writers would give their own names first, referring to themselves in the third person. If that is confusing in your language, you could use the first person here. Or if your language has a particular way of introducing the author of a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “I, the elder, am writing this letter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
41:1z4tkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitὁ πρεσβύτερος1**The elder** likely means John, the apostle and disciple of Jesus. He refers to himself as **elder** either because of his old age, or because he is a leader in the church, or both. If you have a term for an older, respected leader, you can use it here. Alternate translation: “I, John, am writing this letter” or Alternate translation: “I, John the elder, am writing this letter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
51:1y7hwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123personἐκλεκτῇ κυρίᾳ καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῆς1In this culture, letter writers would name the addressees next, referring to them in the third person. If that is confusing in your language, you could use the second person here. Or if your language has a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter, and if it would be helpful to your readers, you could use it here. Alternate translation: “to you, chosen lady, and to your children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
61:1a9w3rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorἐκλεκτῇ κυρίᾳ1Here, **chosen lady** could mean: (1) John is writing to a church and describing the group of believers as a **lady**. (In Greek, the word for “church” is feminine.) (2) John is writing to a specific woman and referring to her respectfully as **lady**. Alternate translation: “to the chosen church” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
71:1ueevrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomἐκλεκτῇ κυρίᾳ1In this context, the term **chosen** indicates a person or group of people whom God has chosen to receive salvation. Alternate translation: “to the congregation that God has saved” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
81:1axtyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorκαὶ τοῖς τέκνοις αὐτῆς1Here, **her children** could mean: (1) just as “chosen lady” refers to a church, **her children** refers to the people who are part of that church. Alternate translation: “and to the believers in that group” (2) if this letter is addressed to an actual woman, it may refer to her biological children. (3) it refers to people whom the woman has led to faith as her spiritual children. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
91:1src4rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsἀγαπῶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ1If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an equivalent expression. The phrase **the truth** could: (1) refer to how John loves. Alternate translation: “truly love” (2) provide the reason for Johns love. Alternate translation: “love because we both know the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
101:1a50frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperboleπάντες οἱ ἐγνωκότες τὴν ἀλήθειαν1John uses the phrase **all the ones having known the truth** to refer to believers who know and accept the true message about Jesus Christ. John is most likely using the term **all** as a generalization to mean all the believers who are with him and who know the people of this church. Alternate translation: “all who are with me and who know and accept the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
111:2spdgrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsτὴν ἀλήθειαν1John uses the abstract noun **truth** to refer to the true message that Christians believe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this termbehind this term with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “the true message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
121:2et6brc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveἡμῖν & ἡμῶν1If your language marks this distinction, the pronoun **us** would be inclusive here and throughout the epistle, because John always uses it to refer to both himself and to the recipients of the letter. The pronoun “we” would also be inclusive for that same reason, as would the pronoun “our,” if you choose to use it in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
131:2a7rmrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomεἰς τὸν αἰῶνα1This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “for all time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
141:3gad9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsἔσται μεθ’ ἡμῶν χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, παρὰ Θεοῦ Πατρός καὶ παρὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract nouns **grace**, **mercy**, and **peace** with verbal phrases, and use **God the Father** and **Jesus Christ** as the subject. Alternate translation: “God the Father and Jesus Christ will be kind to us, be merciful to us, and enable us to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
151:3zfgrἔσται μεθ’ ἡμῶν χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη1In this culture, letter writers would normally offer a good wish or blessing for the recipients before introducing the main business of the letter. But instead of a blessing here, John makes a declarative statement. This probably expresses his confidence that God will do as he promised. Be sure that your translation also expresses this confidence.
161:3vpl9rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesΠατρός & Υἱοῦ1**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus Christ. Be sure to translate them accurately and consistently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
171:3w6trrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἀγάπῃ1If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the abstract nouns **truth** and **love** by stating the ideas behind them with adjectives or verbs. Here, these abstract nouns could refer to: (1) the qualities of God the Father and Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “who are truthful and loving” (2) how believers should live, and thus are the conditions under which believers will receive the “grace, mercy, and peace” from God. Alternate translation: “as we continue to hold on to what is true and to love each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
181:4ir6vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youσου1The word **your** is singular here, since John is either addressing one woman, or the church collectively, as a “lady.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
191:4ajlfrc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultἐχάρην λείαν1If it is more natural in your language to state the reason first and then the result, you can put this after “I found some of your children walking in the truth,” as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
201:4a3vsrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorτῶν τέκνων σου1See how you translated the term **children** in [1:1](../01/01.md). This could refer to: (1) the people who are part of a certain congregation. (2) if this letter is addressed to an actual woman, it may mean either her biological children or (3) her spiritual children. Alternate translation: “the believers from your group” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
211:4w2b6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorπεριπατοῦντας ἐν ἀληθείᾳ1John refers to living ones life with the expression **walking**. Alternate translation: “living according to the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
221:4ddnxrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsἐν ἀληθείᾳ1If your language does not use an abstract noun for **truth**, you could use a phrase with an adjective. Alternate translation: “in a way that agrees with the true message from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
231:4s7hrκαθὼς ἐντολὴν ἐλάβομεν παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός1The expression **received a commandment** expresses the idea that God commanded the believers to do something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make **the Father** the subject of a sentence with the verb “command.” Alternate translation: “just as the Father has commanded us”
241:4w7f1rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτοῦ Πατρός1**Father** is an important title for God. Be careful to translate it accurately and consistently. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
251:5r4hxκαὶ νῦν1The words **and now** signal that what follows is the main point of the letter, or at least the first main point. Use a natural way for introducing the main point in your language.
261:5c9xirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youσε, & σοι1These instances of **you** are singular since John is once again addressing the church in a figurative way as a “lady.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
271:5xjsurc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorκυρία1See how you translated **lady** in [1:1](../01/01.md) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
281:5u38frc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitοὐχ ὡς ἐντολὴν καινὴν γράφων σοι1John does not refer to himself explicitly as the person writing. If your language requires you to state the subject of a verb, you could add a pronoun here. Alternate translation: “not as though I were writing you a new commandment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
291:5uhs8rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitἀπ’ ἀρχῆς1The phrase **from the beginning** refers to the time when John and his audience first believed in Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “since the time that we first believed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
301:5vmm8ἀρχῆς, ἵνα ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους1If it would be helpful in your language, you could start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “the beginning. He commanded that we should love one another”
311:6nw4grc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorπεριπατῶμεν κατὰ & ἐν αὐτῇ περιπατῆτε1In these instances the expression **walk** means to “obey.” Alternate translation: “we should obey … you should obey it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
321:6cl95rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youἠκούσατε & περιπατῆτε1The term **you** is plural in this verse, because John is addressing a congregation of believers. This is the case throughout the rest of the letter, as well, except in verse 13, because there John returns to his metaphor of referring to a church as a woman and its members as her children. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
331:7u749rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-resultὅτι1Here, **For** introduces the reason why John wrote about the commandment to love and obey God in the previous verses—it is because there are many who pretend to be believers but they do not love or obey God. Use a natural way to introduce this reason in your language. See the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
341:7w25mrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitὅτι πολλοὶ πλάνοι ἐξῆλθαν εἰς τὸν κόσμον1This seems to be an implicit reference to the false teachers whom John discusses in [1:1011](../01/10.md). Alternate translation: “For many deceivers are going around from place to place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
351:7x8ylrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyἸησοῦν Χριστὸν ἐρχόμενον ἐν σαρκί1The expression **coming in flesh** is a metonym for being a real, physical person and not a spiritual being only. Alternate translation: “that Jesus Christ came as a real human” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
361:7vqnbrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitοὗτός ἐστιν ὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος1Here, **this** could refer to: (1) the activity of deceiving others or to the kind of teaching that these people are doing. Alternate translation: “This is the work of the deceiver, the antichrist” or “This kind of teaching comes from the one who is the deceiver and the antichrist” (2) any member of the group of deceivers. Alternate translation: “Any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist” If it would be helpful, you could make one of these meanings explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
371:7vfdnὁ πλάνος καὶ ὁ ἀντίχριστος1In your translation, it may be helpful to clarify that **the deceiver** and **the antichrist** are one person, not two.
381:8it9trc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitβλέπετε ἑαυτούς1The implication is that the believers are to “watch” themselves, that is, be careful, so that they are not deceived by the deceivers and antichrists. Alternate translation: “Be careful not to let the deceivers and antichrists influence you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
391:8i8n6rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit1The word **what** is more fully defined in the next phrase as a “reward.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could state “reward” here, as well. See the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
401:8r9kyrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveεἰργασάμεθα1The word **we** here is inclusive. John, his audience, and others have all worked to build up the faith of the believers to whom John is writing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
411:9mn3vrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorπᾶς ὁ προάγων καὶ μὴ μένων ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ1John refers to **the teaching of Christ** as a place where faithful believers **remain** and also as a place that false teachers leave as they go **beyond**. The expression **goes beyond** refers to teaching new and false things that Jesus did not teach. Alternate translation: “Everyone who teaches things that Jesus did not teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
421:9x3aerc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructureπᾶς ὁ προάγων καὶ μὴ μένων ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ1These two phrases mean the same thing, one stated positively (**goes beyond**) and the other stated negatively (**does not remain**). If it is mote natural in your language, you can reverse the order of these, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure]])
431:9xty9rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitΘεὸν οὐκ ἔχει1To **have God** means to have a relationship with God as Savior through faith in Jesus Christ. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this explicitly. Alternate translation: “does not belong to God” or “does not have a right relationship with God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
441:9x523ὁ μένων ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ, οὗτος καὶ τὸν Πατέρα καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν ἔχει1Alternate translation: “Someone who follows Christs teaching belongs to both the Father and the Son”
451:9xwoerc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrastὁ μένων ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ1This phrase is in contrast to the previous sentence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a word or phrase to mark this contrast, as in the UST. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
461:9vg19rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladjοὗτος1John is using the demonstrative adjective **this** as a noun, to refer to a kind of person. ULT indicates this by adding the word **one**. If your language does not use adjectives in this way, you can translate this with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “such a person” or “that kind of person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
471:9k8cvrc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτὸν Πατέρα καὶ τὸν Υἱὸν1**Father** and **Son** are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus Christ. Be sure to express these titles consistently and accurately. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
481:10x7pwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitεἴ τις ἔρχεται πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ ταύτην τὴν διδαχὴν οὐ φέρει1The word **anyone** here implies “any teacher or preacher.” John does not want the believers to welcome any teacher who does not teach what Jesus taught, and specifically that Jesus came as a human being (see [1:7](../01/07.md)). Alternate translation: “If anyone comes to you, claiming to be a teacher, but he teaches differently than this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
491:10xafirc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorταύτην τὴν διδαχὴν οὐ φέρει1John is speaking of a **teaching** or a message as if it were an object that someone could **bring**. If you would not use this kind of metaphor in your language, you could use one that has the same meaning or use plain language. Alternate translation: “does not teach this same message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
501:10ls1crc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitμὴ λαμβάνετε αὐτὸν εἰς οἰκίαν1John does not want the believers to accept a false teacher into their homes and, as a result, support his false teaching by showing him respect and providing for his needs. Alternate translation: “do not support him or encourage him by welcoming him into your home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
511:10lbctrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicitχαίρειν αὐτῷ μὴ λέγετε1John warns the believers not to greet a false teacher respectfully in public. The implication is that he does not want them to do anything that might look like they are endorsing a false teacher or that would give a false teacher good standing in the eyes of others. Alternate translation: “do not give him a respectful public greeting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
521:11uheaὁ λέγων & αὐτῷ χαίρειν1Alternate translation: “any person who gives him a respectful public greeting”
531:11n7ztκοινωνεῖ τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ τοῖς πονηροῖς1The verb **shares in** expresses the concept of assisting and helping to advance the activity of the false teacher. Alternate translation: “takes part in his evil deeds” or “helps him in his evil deeds”
541:12gq26rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsisοὐκ ἐβουλήθην διὰ χάρτου καὶ μέλανος1Here John leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could supply these words from earlier in the sentence. Alternate translation: “I did not want to write these things with paper and ink” (See: Ellipsis)(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
551:12nx77rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymyδιὰ χάρτου καὶ μέλανος1John is not saying that he would rather write these things with something other than **paper and ink**. Rather, he is speaking of those writing materials to represent writing in general. He means that he wants to visit the believers personally and to continue his communication with them directly. Alternate translation: “to communicate these things in writing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
561:12v4v2rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomστόμα πρὸς στόμα λαλῆσαι1The expression **mouth to mouth** is an idiom, meaning to speak in their presence. Use an idiom in your language with this same meaning, or simply express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to speak face to face” or “to speak to you in person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
571:12auwqrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassiveἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν πεπληρωμένη ᾖ1If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this with an active verb form. Alternate translation: “so that this will make your joy complete” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
581:12hwtkrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnounsἵνα ἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν πεπληρωμένη ᾖ1If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **joy** with an adjective such as “joyful.” Alternate translation: “so that this will make you completely joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
591:12lt77rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariantsἡ χαρὰ ὑμῶν πεπληρωμένη ᾖ1See the note in Part 3 of the General Introduction to 2 John about the textual issue here. Alternate translation: “our joy might be made complete” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
601:12k9ytrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusiveὑμῶν1If you use “our” here instead of **your**, it would include both John and the letter recipients. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
611:13fh6jrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphorτὰ τέκνα τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου τῆς ἐκλεκτῆς1This could: (1) be a metaphor. Just as John uses the term “chosen lady” as a figurative expression for the group of believers to whom he is writing in [1:1](../01/01.md) and the term “her children” for the members of that group, also here John is describing his own group of believers as the **chosen sister** of that group and the members of his group as the **children** of this sister. Alternate translation: “The members of the chosen group of believers here” If you choose to keep the metaphor in the text, you may want to include an explanation of the meaning in a footnote. (2) refer to the biological children of a specific woman who is the biological sister of another specific woman to whom John is writing. (3) John may be using the words **sister** and **children** in a spiritual sense, but to refer to an individual woman and the other people that she has led to faith in Jesus. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
621:13aonwrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiomτὰ τέκνα τῆς ἀδελφῆς σου τῆς ἐκλεκτῆς1In this context, the term **chosen** indicates someone whom God has chosen to receive salvation. In the context of Johns metaphor, this indicates a church or group of people whom God has chosen to receive salvation. Alternate translation: “The members of this group of believers in Jesus” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
631:13a4rcἀσπάζεταί σε1As was customary in this culture, John concludes the letter by extending greetings from people who are with him and who know the people to whom he is writing. Your language may have a particular way of sharing greetings in a letter. If so, you can use that form here. Alternate translation: “send you their greetings” or “ask to be remembered to you”
641:13qjdzrc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-youσε & σου1The pronouns **you** and **your** are singular here, in keeping with Johns metaphor of writing to a congregation as though it were a lady. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])