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Reference ID Tags SupportReference Quote Occurrence Note front:intro u3jc 0 # Introduction to Job\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Job\n\n1. Job is introduced (1:1–2:13)\n * Job is blameless and wealthy (1:1–5)\n * Yahweh allows Satan to test Job (1:6–2:10)\n1. Three friends speak to Job (3:1–14:22)\n * Eliphaz, Bildad, and ZopharJob replies to each\n1. They speak to him again (15:1–21:34)\n * Eliphaz, Bildad, and ZopharJob replies to each\n1. They speak a third time (22:1–31:40)\n * Eliphaz and BildadJob replies to each\n1. Elihu speaks to Job (32:1–37:24)\n1. Yahweh answers Job out of the whirlwind (38:1–41:34)\n1. Job is humbled before Yahweh (42:1–6)\n1. Yahweh rebukes Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar (42:7–9)\n1. Yahweh prospers Job again (42:10–17)\n\n### What is the Book of Job about?\n\nThe Book of Job is about a man named Job who experienced disaster even though he was faithful to Yahweh. Job speaks with three friends and asks why Yahweh lets him experience trials and losses. The book teaches that we cannot understand all of Yahweh’s ways, and when we suffer, it is more important to trust Yahweh than it is to understand the reason for the suffering.\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe Book of Job is named for Job, the main character in the book. His name is not related to the English word “job.” Translators might use the traditional title of “The Book of Job” or just “Job.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Book About Job” or “The Book About a Man Named Job.”\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Job?\n\nWe do not know who wrote the Book of Job. Many people suggest that Moses composed or compiled the book, but it may have been written after the time of Moses.\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### Does sin cause suffering?\n\nWhen a person sins against Yahweh, it can cause the person to experience suffering. People in the ancient Near East generally believed that a person suffered because they or their ancestors sinned against God. This is what many religions teach. However, the Book of Job shows that a person may suffer even if he or she has not sinned. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n### Were Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar really Job’s friends?\n\nJob 2:11 refers to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar as the friends of Job. But they did not comfort Job. Instead, they tried to persuade Job to say something about God that Job believed was not true. So we might wonder if it is right to translate the word as “friends.” They did care about Job and they wanted to help him. However, what they said did not help Job because they did not understand the truth about God.\n\n### When did the events in the Book of Job take place?\n\nWe do not know when the events in the Book of Job took place. It seems to be set around the time of Abraham and Isaac in the Book of Genesis. However, some verses are similar to ones in the Books of Proverbs and Isaiah, which are set much later.\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### What style of writing is in the Book of Job?\n\nThe writer starts and ends the Book of Job by telling what happened to Job in narrative form. He wrote the other parts in poetry form. In the ancient Near East, writers often used poetry to discuss matters of wisdom.\n\n### Is the Book of Job difficult to translate?\n\nThe Book of Job has many uncommon words and phrases, making parts of it hard to understand translate. For this reason, translators may decide to translate this book after they have translated other books of the Bible. However, since the writer did not connect Job with a specific time or place in history, the translator may decide to translate this book before other Old Testament books. 1:intro lym1 0 # Job 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wealth\nJob is very rich. During his time, a man’s wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n### Feasts\nJob is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh’s provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])\n\n### Job’s faith\nSatan believes that Job’s faith is based on Yahweh’s blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job’s life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) 1:1 k5g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names land of Uz 0 Possible locations are: (1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or (2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 1:1 r5aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet blameless and upright 0 The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 1:1 qj15 one who feared God 0 Alternate translation: “one who honored God” 1:1 y3ar rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor turned from evil 0 Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place that a person could avoid going to, instead of the doing of evil actions. Alternate translation: “refused to do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1:2 ntr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven sons and three daughters 0 “7 sons and 3 daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1:3 t1ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers He possessed seven thousand sheep 0 “He had 7,000 sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1:3 mmd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers three thousand camels 0 “3,000 camels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1:3 l5f2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers five hundred pairs of oxen 0 “500 pairs of oxen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 1:3 x4bu the greatest 0 Alternate translation: “the richest” 1:3 csw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit all the people of the East 0 The refers to places that were east of Canaan. Alternate translation: “all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 1:4 i4lf On each son’s assigned day, he would give 0 The word “day” perhaps refers to the day when they celebrated the son’s birth. But it at least refers to the idea that the sons each took a turn in holding a feast. Alternate translation: “On each son’s birthday, the son would give” or “Each son in turn would give” 1:4 ey91 he would give & They would send and call for 0 “he habitually gave … They habitually sent and called for “ 1:4 x3v2 with them 0 The word “them” refers to the seven sons and the three daughters but does not include Job. 1:5 ik8z Job would send & he would consecrate & He would rise early in the morning and offer & he would say 0 Alternate translation: “he habitually gave … They habitually sent and called for … Job habitually sent … he habitually consecrated … He habitually rose early in the morning and offered … he habitually said” 1:5 s2c6 When the days of the feast were over 0 Alternate translation: “When the feast was over” or “After the feast” 1:5 w9xc Job would send for them 0 Alternate translation: “Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him” 1:5 k14m he would consecrate them 0 Here “consecrate” means to ask God to take away any ritual impurities that Job’s children might have brought upon themselves as they happily feasted together. Job did this by making sacrifices to God for them. 1:5 du2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy cursed God in their hearts 0 Their “hearts” represent their thoughts. Often such thoughts could come unintentionally, without the person wanting to think them. Alternate translation: “cursed God in their thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:6 i5iw Then it was the day when 0 “At the time when” or “One day when.” This is not a specific day but apparently the gathering happened often. 1:6 n2re sons of God 0 This refers to angels, heavenly beings. 1:6 uwv6 to present themselves before Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do.” 1:6 k7e8 Yahweh 0 This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this. 1:7 plj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it 0 The phrases “wandering” and “going back and forth” refer to the activity of traveling all over the earth in order to emphasize its completeness. Alternate translation: “From going everywhere on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 1:8 s9h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you considered my servant Job? 0 “Have you thought about my servant Job?” Here God is beginning to talk with Satan about Job. Alternate translation: “Consider my servant Job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1:8 ncu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a blameless and upright man 0 The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 1:8 n9a8 one who fears God 0 “one who honors God.” See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). 1:9 i5tn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does Job fear God without reason? 0 “Does Job respect God for no reason?” Satan responds to God by presenting and answering his own question. He says that Job obeys God only because God blesses him. Alternate translation: “Job has a reason for obeying God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1:10 f5z2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side 0 Satan states the facts to support his argument. Alternate translation: “You have protected him, his family and everything he owns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 1:10 r7xt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side 0 Just as a barrier such as a wall or a hedge surrounds and protects one’s land, God has surrounded Job with his protection. Alternate translation: “protected him and his house and all that is his” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1:10 l9et the deeds of his hands 0 Alternate translation: “everything that he does” 1:10 xg3q his cattle have burst forth in the land 0 Alternate translation: “he has more and more livestock in the land” 1:11 k6w4 But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face 0 Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. Alternate translation: “But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, you will see that he will curse you to your face” 1:11 y4qi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy But now stretch out your hand 0 Here “hand” refers to God’s power to act. “But now use your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:11 ax31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy touch all that he has 0 Here “touch” represents the action of harming or destroying. Alternate translation: “attack all that he has” or “destroy all that he has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:11 bn3v to your face 0 “in your hearing.” This refers to a time when God is paying attention. 1:12 d2uy Behold 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Pay attention to all that I am about to tell you” 1:12 bul4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy all that he has is in your hand 0 Here “hand” represents someone’s power to control something. Alternate translation: “you have power over all that he has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:12 b94v against him himself 0 Alternate translation: “against his life” 1:12 gn4s went away from the presence of Yahweh 0 Alternate translation: “departed from Yahweh” or “left Yahweh” 1:15 s7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names the Sabeans 0 This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:15 eib3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fell on them 0 Here “fell” represents the idea of attacking. Alternate translation: “attacked them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 1:15 jw7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy have struck 0 Here striking represents killing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 1:15 ple3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the edge of the sword 0 Here “edge” represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Sabeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 1:16 a5g7 While he was still speaking 0 “he” refers to the first messenger 1:16 p6dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis another also came 0 This refers to another messenger. Alternate translation: “another messenger also came” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 1:16 bpd8 I alone have escaped to tell you 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). 1:17 mu5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor As for the servants, they have struck them with the edge of the sword. I alone have escaped to tell you 0 Here “edge” represents the part of swords that kill people, that is, either the point or the sharp edge. Also, all the swords of the Chaldeans are spoken of as if they were only one sword. See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 1:18 s99m Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:13](../01/13.md). 1:19 l53s A strong wind 0 Alternate translation: “A tornado” or “A desert storm” 1:19 vau5 the four corners of the house 0 Alternate translation: “the structural supports of the house” 1:19 t6zp It fell on the young people 0 Alternate translation: “The house fell on your sons and daughters” 1:19 s3kd I alone have escaped to tell you 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:15](../01/15.md). 1:20 d1w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction tore his robe, shaved his head 0 These were ritual mourning actions, symbolizing deep grief. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 1:21 wph4 I was naked when I came out of my mother’s womb, and I will be naked when I will return there 0 Alternate translation: “At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing” 1:22 l3ef In all this matter 0 Alternate translation: “Regarding all this that happened” 1:22 xns1 accuse God of wrongdoing 0 Alternate translation: “say that God had done wrong” 2:intro ke5i 0 # Job 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThis chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job’s health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) 2:1 rz1x General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is almost exactly the same as [Job 1:6](../01/06.md) and can probably be translated in the same way. 2:1 r1zs Then it was the day 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). 2:1 hst1 the day when 0 This is not a specific day. The gathering happened often. Alternate translation: “at the time when” or “one day when” 2:1 dg33 sons of God 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). 2:1 jay2 present themselves before Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). 2:2 vu2m General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is exactly the same as [Job 1:7](../01/07.md) and can probably be translated in the same way. 2:3 t8ds General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis verse is the same as [Job 1:8](../01/08.md), except for the addition of “He still holds fast to his integrity, although you misled me against him, to destroy him without cause.” 2:3 d12l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you considered my servant Job? 0 This rhetorical question actually makes a statement.See how you translated this in [Job 1:8](../01/08.md). Alternate translation: “Consider my servant Job.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2:3 uz5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet a blameless and upright man 0 The words “blameless” and “upright” share similar meanings and emphasize that Job was a righteous man. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: “one who did what was right before God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2:3 eq69 one who fears God and turns away from evil 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:1](../01/01.md). 2:3 awm6 still holds fast to his integrity 0 Alternate translation: “remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right” 2:3 khj6 misled me against him 0 Alternate translation: “persuaded me without cause to attack him” 2:3 p2iq to destroy him 0 Here “destroy” represents “make poor.” Alternate translation: “to make him a poor man” 2:4 s8ua rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Skin for skin, indeed 0 “Skin” here is a metonym for Job’s life. Alternate translation: “A person will do anything to save his own life, even accept the loss of possessions and loved ones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2:5 d2rf But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face 0 Satan means that if God attacks Job, he will see how Job responds. Alternate translation: “But now, if you stretch out your hand and touch his bones and his flesh, you will see that he will curse you to your face” 2:5 id2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy stretch out your hand 0 Here “hand” refers to God’s power to act. “But now use your power.” See how you translated this in [Job 1:11](../01/11.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2:5 cz3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy touch 0 Here “touch” represents the action of harming. Alternate translation: “attack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2:5 qau8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his bones and his flesh 0 This expression represents Job’s body. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 2:5 i3ij curse you to your face 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:11](../01/11.md). 2:5 b5lr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to your face 0 This refers to a time when God is paying attention. Alternate translation: “in your hearing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 2:7 fj98 Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh 0 See how you translated this in [Job 1:12](../01/12.md). 2:7 gtz9 He struck Job with painful boils 0 Alternate translation: “He caused Job to suffer greatly with painful boils” 2:7 ts4r painful boils 0 large, itching and painful skin infections 2:8 k22q a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself 0 The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch. 2:8 f72v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism sat down in the middle of ashes 0 This probably refers to a place where trash and garbage were dumped and perhaps burned. Sitting in such a place was a sign of deep mourning. Alternate translation: “sat on the trash heap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2:9 v1yj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you still hold fast to your integrity? 0 This rhetorical question represents a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not still be holding fast to your integrity.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2:9 wgb4 Curse God 0 Alternate translation: “Reject God” 2:10 p6a8 You talk as a foolish woman 0 Alternate translation: “You talk the way a stupid woman talks” 2:10 hrr4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad? 0 This rhetorical question represents a statement. Alternate translation: “We should certainly receive the bad from God as well as the good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 2:10 i8pq receive the good 0 Alternate translation: “benefit from all the good things” 2:10 ltp4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the good 0 This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 2:10 gz46 receive the bad 0 Alternate translation: “suffer all the bad things without complaining” 2:10 kiz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the bad 0 This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 2:10 wj2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sin with his lips 0 Here “lips” represents the act of speaking. Alternate translation: “sin by speaking against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 2:11 c4dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite 0 Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men’s names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 2:11 s59z set a time 0 Alternate translation: “agreed on a time” 2:11 en96 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet to mourn with him and to comfort him 0 Here the words “mourn with” and “comfort” share similar meanings. The friends try to comfort Job by mourning with him. Alternate translation: “to grieve with Job in order to help ease his suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 2:12 fu87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom they lifted up their eyes 0 This is an idiom that means “they looked intently” or “they looked carefully.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2:12 kle6 they did not recognize him 0 This probably means that Job’s visitors did not recognize him at first, when they saw him at a distance. Job looked very different than usual because of his grief and because of the sores covering his body. Alternate translation: “they barely recognized him” 2:12 jd72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom They raised their voices and wept 0 Here “raised their voices” is an idiom that means they became loud. Alternate translation: “They wept out loud” or “They wept loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 2:12 ira1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction tore his robe 0 This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 2:12 zzf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction threw dust into the air and upon his own head 0 These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 3:intro jci9 0 # Job 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job’s earnest desire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:1 hmv8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom opened his mouth 0 This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 3:3 z3eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification May the day on which I was born perish, the night 0 Job speaks of that day and night as if they were people. Alternate translation: “I wish that I had never been born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:3 zca2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived.’ 0 This expression intensifies the statement of Job’s grief by going even further back in time from his birth to his conception. Alternate translation: “the night that said, ‘A boy has been conceived’ perish.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 3:3 q9nj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the night that said 0 Here the night is spoken of as if it were a person who could speak. The translator may choose, however, to translate it in a less metaphorical way. Alternate translation: “the night about which people said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:3 ka1k A boy has been conceived 0 This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “his mother has conceived a male child” 3:4 l7yy General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job’s birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. The UST translates them as expressions of sadness about what that day was like. 3:4 hr5h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism May that day be dark & neither may the sun shine on it 0 These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job’s birth, thus repeating Job’s regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 3:4 n4h1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor May that day be dark 0 This is a wish for that day to not exist any longer. Alternate translation: “may that day disappear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:5 xpc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own 0 Here darkness and the shadow of death are spoken of as if they were people who could claim something as their own possession. The word “it” refers to the day of Job’s birth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:5 lz4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the shadow of death 0 Here a shadow represents death itself. Alternate translation: “death like a shadow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:5 ci87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor May a cloud live over it 0 Here a cloud is spoken of as if it were a person who could live over the day of Job’s birth. Alternate translation: “May a cloud cover it so no one can see it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:5 tz1j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor everything that makes the day black 0 This refers to things that block out the sun’s light and create darkness. Here “black” represents darkness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:5 j4if rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification terrify it 0 “terrify that day.” The day is spoken of as if it were a person who could be terrified by the darkness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:6 g44b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification may thick darkness seize it 0 This darkness is again spoken of as if it were a person who could grasp and hold the night. Alternate translation: “may thick darkness make it disappear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:6 mfe2 thick darkness 0 Alternate translation: “deep darkness” or “complete darkness” 3:6 hgn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification May it not rejoice 0 The word “it” refers to the night of Job’s birth or conception. The night of Job’s conception is spoken of as if it were a person who should not rejoice. Alternate translation: “May that night vanish from the calendar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:6 d2mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification may it not come into the number 0 That night is spoken of as if it were a person who could walk. Alternate translation: “may no one count it in the number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:7 sh3e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification may that night be barren 0 The night of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a woman. Alternate translation: “may no child be born on that night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:7 cdr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor may no joyful voice come into it 0 Here that the night of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a time when it was still possible for someone to be happy. Alternate translation: “may no one hear the happy cry at the birth of a son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:7 i8zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche joyful voice come 0 Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. Alternate translation: “may no one be happy in it ever again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 3:8 i4gt those who know how to wake up Leviathan 0 Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos. 3:9 eeu1 May the stars of that day’s dawn be dark 0 This refers to the planets that are often visible just before dawn. Alternate translation: “May the stars that appear before that day’s first light be dark” 3:9 fcl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification May that day look for light, but find none 0 The day of Job’s birth is spoken of as if it were a person looking for something. Alternate translation: “May that day hope for light, but have none” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:9 max2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn 0 The dawn is spoken of as if it had eyelids as a person has. Alternate translation: “nor see the first light of the dawn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:10 ta9d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because it did not shut up the doors of my mother’s womb 0 A woman’s womb is spoken of as if it were a container with doors. Alternate translation: “because that day did not close my mother’s womb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:10 juv2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification because it did not hide trouble from my eyes 0 The day of Job’s birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:10 e47i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from my eyes 0 Here “eyes” represents the person who sees with them. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 3:11 kur9 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements. 3:11 gg8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did I not die when I came out from the womb? 0 “Why did I not die at birth?” Job poses this question in order to curse the day of his birth and to express his anguish. Alternate translation: “I wish I had died the day I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:11 mh8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me? 0 Job means to say that he should not have been born alive. Alternate translation: “I wish I had died when I came out of the womb.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:11 hh1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom give up my spirit 0 This refers to dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 3:12 v9p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did her knees welcome me? 0 This perhaps refers to the lap of Job’s mother. His mother’s knees are spoken of as if they were people who could welcome a newborn baby. Alternate translation: “I wish there had been no lap to receive me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:12 j91k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck? 0 Job’s mother’s breasts are spoken of as if they also were people who could welcome a newborn baby. Alternate translation: “I wish there had been no breasts for me to nurse.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 3:13 aal1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo 0 Job begins talking about what would have been true if he had never been born. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 3:13 v6g8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest 0 Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 3:13 pv57 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo I would have been lying down quietly 0 Job imagines something that could have happened in the past but which did not happen, as noted above. Alternate translation: “I should have been lying down quietly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 3:13 hw7g lying down quietly 0 Alternate translation: “asleep, resting peacefully” 3:13 e4ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom been at rest 0 Here the word “rest” means to sleep peacefully, but also that Job would not be experiencing the pain that he does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 3:14 m4i4 with kings and counselors of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “with kings and their advisers” 3:15 kr3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo Or I would have been lying 0 This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 3:15 kq2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism I would have been lying with princes 0 “I would be resting with princes.” In this phrase, the words “lying” and “resting” are a polite way of saying “no longer alive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 3:15 b79w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver 0 Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 3:16 qn46 I would have been stillborn 0 Alternate translation: “I would have died in my mother’s womb” 3:16 qu2s like infants that never see the light 0 Alternate translation: “like babies who have never been born” 3:16 j5tv infants 0 Alternate translation: “babies” or “very small children” 3:17 ip8q General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJob changes his talk from dying to life after death. 3:17 t3ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest 0 Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 3:17 ar3h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit There the wicked cease from trouble 0 Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. Alternate translation: “In that place, evil people stop causing trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 3:18 zbk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the voice of the slave driver 0 Here “voice” is a metonym for the power that the slave drivers have over the slaves. Alternate translation: “They are no longer under the control of the slave drivers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 3:19 yv5l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism small and great people 0 This is a figure of speech which means “all people, both poor people and rich people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 3:19 xrv1 the servant is free from his master 0 A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master. 3:20 a8g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul 0 Job’s two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 3:20 zq45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is light given to him who is in misery? 0 Here Job is wondering why people must stay alive and suffer. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:20 naz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor light 0 Here light represents life. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:20 q28e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul 0 “why does God give life to a miserable person?” Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God gives life to a person who is very unhappy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:21 hbh3 to one who longs & for hidden treasure 0 This is the end of the question that Job begins asking with the words “Why is life given … bitter in soul” (verse 20). 3:21 mg33 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to one who longs for death without it coming 0 Here death is spoken of as if it were an object coming toward someone. Alternate translation: “to a person who no longer wants to be alive, but is still alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:21 lgj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure 0 A person hoping to die is spoken of as if he were digging for buried treasure. Alternate translation: “to a person who wants to stop living more than he wants to look for hidden riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:22 p5zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave 0 Here Job uses a question to make a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God allows a person to keep living when the person would be very happy to be buried in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:22 z97v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet one who rejoices very much and is glad 0 The phrase “rejoices very much” means basically the same thing as “is glad.” Together, the two phrases emphasize the intensity of gladness. Alternate translation: “one who is extremely happy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 3:22 p53t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism when he finds the grave 0 This is a polite way of referring to dying. Alternate translation: “when he is dead and can be buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 3:22 ihl7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the grave 0 Here the grave represents death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 3:23 fk1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in? 0 Job asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “God should not give life to a man and then take away his future and confine him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 3:23 n6ge rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Why is light given to a man 0 Here light represents life. Alternate translation: “Why does God keep a man alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:23 xgh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor whose way is hidden 0 Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:23 f9q5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a man whom God has hedged in 0 Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:24 z8a9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water 0 Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 3:24 ya6w my sighing happens instead of eating 0 Alternate translation: “Instead of eating, I mourn” 3:24 jp2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my groaning is poured out like water 0 Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 3:25 pvp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “what I feared most has happened to me” or “my worst fear has come true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 3:26 f53t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest 0 Job expresses his anguish in three separate phrases. Alternate translation: “I am very anxious” or “I am emotionally and physically tormented” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:intro kk87 0 # Job 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Eliphaz’s advice\nEliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nEliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:1 e5n4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliphaz 0 Eliphaz is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 4:1 c3fq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Temanite 0 A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 4:2 y6k8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion will you be impatient? 0 Eliphaz asks this question in order to make a statement. Alternate translation: “you will surely be impatient.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:2 knx6 will you be impatient? 0 Alternate translation: “will that annoy you?” 4:2 n3sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But who can stop himself from speaking? 0 Eliphaz asks this question to say that no one who sees a friend suffering can remain silent. Alternate translation: “No one can restrain himself from speaking (to a friend in such a state as you find yourself)” or “I must speak to you, (seeing that you are in a state of grief).” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:3 piw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands 0 This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:3 fe8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy you have strengthened weak hands 0 Here “weak hands” represents people who need help. Alternate translation: “you have helped others when they needed help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 4:4 lvl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize: (1) the support that Job has given others in the past, (2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and (3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:4 tqj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor supported 0 Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:4 fnd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor falling 0 Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:4 c21w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have made feeble knees firm 0 Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:5 jv44 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But now trouble has come to you 0 Here trouble is spoken of as if it were an object that could come to a person. Alternate translation: “But now you suffer from disasters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:5 w2d1 you are weary 0 Alternate translation: “you are discouraged” 4:6 b27y your fear 0 Alternate translation: “the fact that you honor God” 4:6 jv9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope? 0 Eliphaz asks these questions in order to tell Job that it is because of his sin that he is suffering. Alternate translation: “Everyone thinks that you honor God; everyone thinks that you are an honest man. But these things must not be true, because you do not trust God any longer.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:6 w4dn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit your fear 0 Eliphaz means Job’s fear of God. Alternate translation: “your fear of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 4:6 nh5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your ways 0 Here “your ways” represents “your conduct,” “how you behave.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:7 ctx8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has ever perished when innocent? 0 Eliphaz uses this question to prompt Job to search his life for sin (and God’s righteous judgment) as the cause of his loss. Alternate translation: “No one has ever perished when innocent.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:7 ci3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion when were the upright people ever cut off 0 This question also means to make a statement, and may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “No one has ever cut off an upright person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 4:7 mq2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cut off 0 Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:8 yw7b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor plow iniquity & sow trouble & reap 0 Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:9 a93h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed 0 The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:9 g9mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the breath of God 0 This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:9 my29 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the blast of his anger 0 This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:9 sm4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor breath & blast 0 The second builds on the first. They make the same point by using meanings that increase the result. “By the puff of God’s mouth they die; the rushing wind of his anger devastates them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:9 l8s1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive perish & are consumed 0 The second phrase builds on the first. They make the same point. “By the puff of God’s breath they die, the rushing wind of his anger devastates them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 4:9 trx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are consumed 0 Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:10 vnp3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God’s destruction of wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:10 mw99 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken. 0 Here a lion’s roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:10 l75n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are broken 0 This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “something breaks them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 4:11 uru1 The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere 0 Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion’s family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed. 4:11 n8m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the cubs of the lioness are scattered 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “something scatters the cubs of the lioness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 4:12 n1td rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me & my ear received a whisper about it 0 These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:13 h37a visions in the night 0 Alternate translation: “dreams” 4:13 er9t when deep sleep falls on people 0 Alternate translation: “when people sleep very deeply” 4:14 p54m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz’s fear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:14 pp18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fear and trembling came upon me 0 Here fear and trembling are spoken of as if they were objects that could come to a person. Alternate translation: “I began to be afraid and to tremble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:15 j3h8 the hair of my flesh stood up 0 This indicates great fear. 4:15 s6t7 the hair of my flesh 0 Alternate translation: “the hair on my body” 4:16 c4qg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:16 vak8 A form was before my eyes 0 Alternate translation: “Something was before my eyes,” “I saw something” 4:16 dat7 and I heard 0 Alternate translation: “then I heard” 4:17 qqw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can a mortal man be more righteous than God? 0 Eliphaz poses this question so that Job will consider, “Do I regard myself as more righteous than God?” or “Am I justified before God?” Alternate translation: “A mortal man cannot be more righteous than God.” or “A mortal man cannot be righteous before God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:17 hw7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can a man be more pure than his Maker? 0 This question has the same purpose as the previous question. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be more pure than his Maker.” or “A man cannot be pure before his Maker.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:17 r4a7 his Maker 0 Alternate translation: “his Creator” 4:19 x3pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust 0 This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:19 r4dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who are crushed sooner than a moth 0 Possible meanings for this metaphor are: (1) “who God destroys as easily as he crushes a moth” or (2) “whose lives are as short as the life of a moth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 4:20 ajf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 4:20 m44u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Between morning and evening they are destroyed 0 This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 4:20 znp6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are destroyed 0 This may also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “they die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 4:21 n9su rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not their tent cords plucked up among them? 0 This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Have not their enemies plucked up their tent cords from among them?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 4:21 ugp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their tent cords 0 Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person’s home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:intro kq38 0 # Job 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Eliphaz’s advice\nEliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n### Sickness and sin\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person’s illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nEliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 5:1 gaw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion To which of the holy ones will you turn? 0 Eliphaz poses this question to make the point that there is no one Job can turn to for help. Alternate translation: “Is there a holy one to whom you may turn?” or “There is no holy one to whom you can turn for help.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 5:1 n2rw holy ones 0 This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits. 5:2 v7ip jealousy kills the silly one 0 Alternate translation: “jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively” 5:2 wt27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun the silly one 0 any silly person (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 5:3 bn1m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun a foolish person 0 any foolish person (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 5:3 za27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a foolish person taking root 0 Here a person is spoken of as if he were a plant, perhaps becoming more foolish over time. Alternate translation: “a foolish person becoming grounded in foolishness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:3 lcr1 his home 0 This refers to the person’s family and all his property. 5:4 j2um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 5:4 yz4i His children are far from safety 0 Here, **His** refers to the foolish person or the foolish people in [Job 5:2](../05/02.md). Alternate translation: “Their children are never safe” 5:4 i7p9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor are crushed 0 Here being crushed represents being oppressed, taken advantage of, at court. This idea may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “someone crushes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 5:4 e8js city gate 0 The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given. 5:4 ep6h There is no one to rescue them 0 Alternate translation: “There is no one to help the foolish people’s children out of their hardship” 5:5 k9ap they even take it from among the thorns 0 This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present. 5:5 ded6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The thirsty pant for their wealth 0 Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:6 kx25 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground 0 Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:7 kz2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward 0 It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 5:9 ep8u great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number 0 Alternate translation: “great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted” 5:9 l8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unsearchable things 0 This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:9 ga9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys great and unsearchable things 0 Here the writer uses two independent words connected by “and” to emphasize the greatness of God’s actions. Alternate translation: “greatly profound things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) 5:9 sa4u marvelous things 0 Alternate translation: “wonderful things” or “wonders” 5:11 die2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He does this in order to set up on high those who are low 0 Humble people in distress are spoken of as if they were in a low position. When God rescues them, they receive honor. When this happens, they are spoken of as being raised up and put into a high position. Alternate translation: “God does this in order to rescue and honor the humble who have been suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:12 z3jy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He breaks the plans 0 Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:13 rw2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He traps wise people in their own crafty actions 0 Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:13 zp4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor twisted people 0 Here being evil in a clever way is spoken of as if it were being twisted. Alternate translation: “those who are cunning” or “those who are devious” or “those who are shrewd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:14 w5uy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They encounter darkness in the daytime 0 Here the cunning, wicked people whom God confuses are spoken of as if they unexpectedly are in the dark at noon, when the sun is at its highest position in the sky. They cannot do anything they wish to do, because they cannot see. Alternate translation: “Those who are cunning are in the dark, even at noontime” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:14 ua15 grope 0 feel around like a blind person 5:14 vnt6 noonday 0 the middle of the day, when the sun is highest and brightest 5:15 i885 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths 0 Here the insulting and threatening things that people say are spoken of as if they were a sword in their mouths. Alternate translation: “But he saves the poor person from the threats of the mighty” or “But he saves the poor person when the mighty threaten or insult them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:16 exr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification injustice shuts her own mouth 0 People who say unjust things are spoken of as if they were the injustice itself, who must stop speaking. Alternate translation: “It is as though injustice shut her own mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 5:17 izq1 God corrects & chastening of the Almighty 0 God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child. 5:17 jr16 blessed is the man whom God corrects 0 Alternate translation: “God really favors the man whom he corrects” 5:17 g1br do not despise 0 Alternate translation: “do not reject” or “do not consider worthless” 5:17 c4un chastening 0 Alternate translation: “instruction” or “correction” or “discipline” 5:18 fx57 For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal 0 Alternate translation: “For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal” 5:18 dgs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his hands heal 0 Here “his hands” represents God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 5:19 q4qe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you 0 The use of increasing numbers such as “six” and “seven” represents the idea of many, many times. Alternate translation: “He will rescue you out of trouble over and over again; indeed, time after time, no evil will touch you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:20 q1gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor In famine he will ransom you 0 Here rescuing is spoken of as if it were ransoming, buying back. Alternate translation: “In famine God will rescue you from danger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:20 cy63 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the hands of the sword 0 Here “hands” probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. Alternate translation: “violent people” or “people who attack you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 5:21 h9ag rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns of destruction 0 Here “destruction” refers to the danger of being destroyed by enemies. Alternate translation: “that any enemy will destroy you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 5:22 m19v rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage You will laugh at destruction and famine 0 Here “laugh” represents that the person is not afraid. Alternate translation: “You will not be afraid of any danger of destruction or famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]]) 5:22 dbx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor beasts of the earth 0 This refers to wild animals. Alternate translation: “wild animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:23 kt43 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will have a covenant with the stones in your field 0 Here the stones in farmers’ fields are spoken of as if they were people that someone could have a covenant with. Alternate translation: “the stones in your fields will be like people who promise that they will not make any trouble for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:23 rr79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the beasts of the field 0 This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 5:24 ew8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You will know that your tent is in safety 0 Here “tent” represents a person’s family, household, and all his possessions. Alternate translation: “You will know that your family, servants, and everything you own are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:24 i2fj you will visit your sheepfold and you will not miss anything 0 Alternate translation: “when you visit where your flock stays at night, you will find all your sheep there” 5:25 fxb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your seed will be great 0 Here “seed” represents a person’s descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be many” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 5:25 f961 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile your offspring will be like the grass on the ground 0 Here “offspring” are spoken of as if they were as many as blades of grass, and probably as thriving, too. Alternate translation: “your descendants will be as many and as alive as the grass that grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 5:26 a9gt You will come to your grave at a full age 0 Alternate translation: “You will die at a very old age” 5:26 w6jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit like a stack of grain bundles that goes up at its time 0 You may need to make explicit that the grain in this simile is fully ripe but not overly ripe. He would neither die young nor become weak in his old age. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 5:27 uwj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself 0 The words “we” refers to Job’s friends but not to Job. Alternate translation: “Look, we have thought about this matter. Listen to what I am saying and know that it is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 6:intro r7kh 0 # Job 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:2 use6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance 0 Here the writer uses two different statements to convey a single idea, the burden of Job’s suffering. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if only I could weigh my anguish and all my calamities in the balance” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:2 cqr6 in the balance 0 Alternate translation: “on a scale” 6:3 l5j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas 0 Job compares the burden of his suffering to the weight of wet sand; both can crush a person. Alternate translation: “For my anguish and calamities would be heavier than the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 6:3 j9lz my words were reckless 0 Alternate translation: “I spoke recklessly” or “I spoke rashly” 6:4 se7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For the arrows of the Almighty are in me 0 This is a metaphor for Job’s suffering. He compares his many troubles to arrows that God has shot his body with. Alternate translation: “It is as though the Almighty has shot arrows into my body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:4 m898 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my spirit drinks up the poison 0 “my spirit drinks up the arrows’ poison.” This continues the metaphor of the arrows, by implying that they had tips of poison and that Job feels the pain in his spirit. He speaks of feeling this pain as if his spirit drank the poison. Alternate translation: “I feel the pain of their poison in my inner being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:4 l3u6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me 0 Job speaks of the terrible things that have happened to him as if they were soldiers that God had lined up to attack him all at once. Alternate translation: “God has caused all the terrible things that could happen to happen to me all at once” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 6:4 sr2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me 0 God causing many things to terrify Job is spoken of as if God’s terrors were soldiers lined up to attack Job. Alternate translation: “the terrors of God have arranged themselves like soldiers in an army” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:5 vas3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder? 0 Job poses these rhetorical questions to emphasize that he has a reason to complain. These question can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “Just as the wild donkey does not bray in despair when he has grass and as the ox does not low in hunger when he has fodder, I would not complain if I did not have a reason” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:5 h1b2 bray 0 the sound a donkey makes 6:5 i2r2 low 0 the sound an ox makes 6:5 tbl2 fodder 0 animal food 6:6 l3sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? 0 This could mean: (1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people’s dislike for bland food or (2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend’s advice to people’s dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:6 cg4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg? 0 Job uses these rhetorical questions to emphasize his own displeasure. These questions can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tasteless food cannot be eaten without salt, just as there is no taste in the white of an egg.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:6 xfj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Can that which has no taste be eaten 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Can you eat that which has no taste” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:7 hy2z I refuse to touch them 0 “Them” refers to bad tasting foods. 6:9 yf92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism to crush me once 0 This means for God to cause him to die. Alternate translation: “to crush me and let me die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 6:9 f53h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life 0 The phrases “let loose his hand” is an idiom that means to act quickly. Also, the phrase “cut me off from this life” is a euphemism for killing him. Alternate translation: “that he would act quickly and cut short my life” or “that he would act quickly and end my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 6:10 gre4 even if I exult in pain that does not lessen 0 Alternate translation: “I would leap for joy in unending pain” or “I would endure pain that does not diminish” 6:10 a736 exult 0 Alternate translation: “rejoice” 6:10 f2zu does not lessen 0 Alternate translation: “does not diminish” 6:10 ji9n that I have not denied the words of the Holy One 0 This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “that I have always obeyed the Holy One” 6:11 b1ue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life? 0 Job poses these questions to emphasize that he has no reason to continue living. These questions have the same meaning. They may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I do not have enough strength to go on living; I have no reason to prolong my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 6:12 vp49 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job’s lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 6:12 n69y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze? 0 Job describes the weakness of his body by saying that he is not as strong as rocks and bronze to emphasize his lack of strength. These rhetorical questions may be written as statements. Alternate translation: “I am not as strong as the rocks. My flesh is not as strong as metal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:13 lg48 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it not true that I have no help in myself & me? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize his lack of wisdom and his weakness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Also, the phrase “no help in myself” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “It is true that I have no strength left … me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 6:13 h5wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive wisdom has been driven out of me 0 “my success has been taken from me.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my wisdom is gone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:14 e6e6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A friend should be faithful to the person who feels he is about to faint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:14 s4yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who is about to faint 0 This speaks of a person who feels hopeless and is overwhelmed by his troubles as if he were about to physically faint. Alternate translation: “who feels hopeless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:14 naj8 even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty 0 “even if he stops fearing Almighty God.” This could mean: (1) the faint person does not fear God or (2) his friend does not fear God. 6:15 p13y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed 0 Job speaks of his friends being unfaithful to him as being like a “wadi” which is a stream that can suddenly dry up. Also, Job refers to his friends ironically here as his “brothers.” Alternate translation: “But my friends are unfaithful to me. They are like a desert streambed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 6:15 l6xj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as channels of water that pass away to nothing 0 “like streams of water that dry up.” Job continues speaking of his friends being unfaithful as if they were streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 6:16 pnp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism which are darkened because of ice over them & and because of the snow that hides itself in them 0 These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed is full of ice and snow in the winter. Alternate translation: “which look dark in the winter because they are covered with ice and are full of melted snow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:16 cq2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification because of the snow that hides itself in them 0 This speaks of the snow melting and the water going into the streambed as if the snow were hiding in the streambed. Alternate translation: “because the snow melts and goes into them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 6:17 z6dh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism When they thaw out, they vanish & when it is hot, they melt out of their place 0 These two phrases have the same meaning. They describe how the streambed dries up in the hot season. Alternate translation: “When it is hot, the ice melts and the streambeds dry up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:18 t8lv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor 0 Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 6:18 vke1 The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water 0 Alternate translation: “The caravans turn aside from the routes to find water” or “The caravans change course looking for water” 6:18 dm5v The caravans 0 A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert. 6:18 n26d barren land 0 Alternate translation: “wasteland” or “empty land” 6:19 m9l7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Tema & Sheba 0 These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 6:19 ua63 while companies of Sheba 0 Alternate translation: “while caravans from Sheba” 6:19 n6an hoped in them 0 Alternate translation: “hoped for them” or “put their hope in them” 6:20 mue3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive but they were deceived 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but they were disappointed” or “but they were not satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 6:21 km28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:21 gk7t For now 0 Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying. 6:21 wa4z you friends are nothing to me 0 Alternate translation: “you friends have not helped me at all” 6:21 zr7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit are afraid 0 This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. Alternate translation: “you are afraid that God might do similar things to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 6:23 vq26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion or, ‘Save me from my adversary’s hand’ or, ‘Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors’? 0 These words are the last of a series of rhetorical questions that begins in verse 22. Job uses these questions to emphasize that he has not asked his friends to give him anything or to help him. “I never said to you, ‘Give … me’ or, ‘Offer … wealth’ or, ‘Save … hand’ or, ‘Ransom … oppressors’.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:23 x1gs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my adversary’s hand & the hand of my oppressors 0 The word “hand” represents power or control. Alternate translation: “having my adversary control me … having my oppressors control me” or “my adversary’s power … my oppressors’ power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 6:23 z65f Ransom me 0 Alternate translation: “Rescue me” 6:24 t8mf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Teach me & make me 0 These verbs “teach” and “make” are second person plural and are spoken to his friends. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 6:24 jg8f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will hold my peace 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will be silent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 6:25 ukw2 How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? 0 The exact meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some Bibles translate “How painful” as “How pleasant.” Alternate translation: “When a person speaks the truth, it harms no one. But your arguments are not true, so how do they actually rebuke me?” 6:25 bt6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me? 0 Job is using this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that what they are saying does not apply to him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Your reasons for rebuking me do not apply to me even though you sternly correct me.” or “But your arguments against me are not true, so they do not actually rebuke me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:25 rrn5 your arguments 0 Alternate translation: “your reasons” or “your claims” 6:26 l7bp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to scold his friends. He compares his words to the wind to explain that his friends act like his words are empty and useless. Alternate translation: “You ignore my words! I am a desperate man, and you treat my words as if they are as useless as the wind.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 6:26 zm1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Do you 0 “You” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 6:27 w62r you cast lots for a fatherless child 0 Alternate translation: “you would even gamble to win an orphan” 6:27 jib8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you cast lots & haggle over your friend 0 Here “you” and “your” are in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 6:27 q6lj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile haggle over your friend like merchandise 0 This compares how the man would sell his friend to how a person sells merchandise or wares. Alternate translation: “bargain to sell your friend for money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 6:28 eq8v Now 0 This word is used by Job to introduce new information. 6:28 m2bq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you please look 0 The verb “to look” is in second person plural form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 6:28 q6v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I would not lie to your face 0 The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. Alternate translation: “I would not lie to you while I am looking at you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 6:29 c7zi Relent, I beg you 0 Alternate translation: “Please be merciful to me” or “Stop speaking like this, I beg you” 6:29 fcq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives let there be no injustice with you 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “treat me fairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 6:29 hka9 Indeed, relent 0 Alternate translation: “Please relent.” 6:30 km3f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there evil on my tongue? 0 “Do I say wicked things?” Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he is not wicked. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I do not say wicked things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 6:30 z316 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy on my tongue 0 Here Job’s speech is represented by his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “in my speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 6:30 f1ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Cannot my mouth detect malicious things? 0 Job uses this question to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he can tell the difference between right and wrong. Here Job refers to himself by his “mouth” to emphasize his speech. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I know what is right to say and what is wrong to say.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 7:intro y5ka 0 # Job 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:1 nz5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does not man have hard labor on earth? 0 Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people experience hard work. It can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “There is hard labor for every person on earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:1 a1c6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole on earth 0 This is a generalization that means for the time people are living on the earth. Alternate translation: “while he lives on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 7:1 m3yt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not his days like the days of a hired man? 0 Job poses this negative question to emphasize his awareness that all people struggle in life. Alternate translation: “And their days are like the days of a hired man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 7:1 n56j a hired man 0 “a day laborer.” This is a man who worked jobs one day at a time and was paid at the end of every day. 7:2 g9ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like a slave & like a hired man 0 Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 7:2 f1pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the shadows of evening 0 “cool shade.” The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:2 d651 looks for his wages 0 Alternate translation: “waits for his pay” 7:3 fpt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “so I endure months of misery; I get trouble-filled nights” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 7:3 cp2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit months of misery 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **misery**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “miserable.” Alternate translation: “months when I am miserable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:4 m7jx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit When I lie down 0 The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. Alternate translation: “When I lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:4 fij2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns I say to myself 0 Job poses a question to no one else in particular. Alternate translation: “I ask” or “I wonder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 7:4 sf4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion When will I get up and when will the night be gone? 0 Job poses this question to emphasize his intense suffering during the hours he should be sleeping. Alternate translation: “I wish I could get up, but night continues.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:4 m4sv tossing to and fro 0 “turning back and forth.” This indicates that Job has moved on his bed all night without any rest. 7:5 sh53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust 0 The worms and clods of dust are pictured as covering Job as if they were clothing. Alternate translation: “My flesh is covered with worms and clods of dust” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 7:5 l429 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche My flesh 0 This represents his whole body. Alternate translation: “My body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 7:5 lry5 clods of dust 0 This could mean: (1) lumps or crusts of dirt or (2) scabs on the skin. 7:5 we79 dissolve and run afresh 0 Alternate translation: “break out again” 7:6 tf2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile My days are swifter than a weaver’s shuttle 0 Job compares his lifetime to the quickness of a weaver’s shuttle. Alternate translation: “My life goes by very quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 7:6 pvg2 weaver 0 a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn 7:6 fy2b a weaver’s shuttle 0 a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth 7:7 uf8v call to mind 0 “remember.” The phrase “call to mind” does not mean God forgot. Job is asking God to consider or think about the shortness of Job’s life. 7:7 ee27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my life is only a breath 0 Job compares the shortness of his life to the shortness of a breath. Alternate translation: “my life is very short, like taking one breath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 7:7 bw35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye will no more see good 0 Here “my eye” represents Job’s whole person and his ability to see or experience things. Alternate translation: “I will never again experience good things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 7:8 f5vc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more 0 Many versions of the Bible translate this as “The eye which sees me will see me no more.” The words “of God” were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 7:8 p6u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The eye of God, who sees me & God’s eyes will be on me 0 Here God is represented by his “eye” to emphasize what he looks at. Alternate translation: “God who watches me … God will look for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 7:9 q76u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more 0 Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 7:9 m6z6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive As a cloud is consumed 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “As a cloud fades” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 7:9 g4h1 he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more 0 Alternate translation: “he who dies will not return” 7:10 xnf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his place 0 The words “his place” represent those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 7:11 ed6a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul 0 Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 7:11 q76q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will not restrain my mouth 0 Here the mouth represents speech. Alternate translation: “I will not restrain my speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 7:11 v8zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in the anguish of my spirit 0 “in the distress of my spirit” or “in the torment of my suffering.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anguish**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “distress.” Alternate translation: “while my spirit is distressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 7:11 ti81 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the bitterness of my soul 0 Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 7:12 qy6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me? 0 Job poses this question to express his anger at God. In comparing himself to the sea or a sea monster, Job suggests that God regards him as a hideous creature. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not the sea or a sea monster that needs a guard to watch it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 7:13 v7e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint 0 Here “bed” and “couch” are metonyms for “sleep.” In lying down to sleep, Job would hope to be comforted. The metonyms also have human attributes; they have the ability to comfort and ease a person. Alternate translation: “My bed, my couch, will be like someone who can comfort me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 7:13 d3uy My bed & my couch 0 These phrases refer to the same thing. Alternate translation: “My bed … my bed” 7:14 pf6s you scare me 0 “you” here refers to God 7:15 et7t strangling 0 killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing 7:15 nee4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche these bones of mine 0 Here Job uses the word “bones” to refer to his body. Alternate translation: “This body of mine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 7:16 jd5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism 0 The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job’s misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 7:16 th4d I loathe my life 0 Alternate translation: “I despise my life” 7:16 eu9h to always be alive 0 Alternate translation: “to live forever” 7:16 yp5g my days are useless 0 Alternate translation: “my days are pointless” or “the days of my life are empty” 7:17 awx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Job asks a rhetorical question to say that he does not understand why God should pay attention to people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:17 w1ri rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy set your mind on him 0 Here the mind represents thoughts and attention. To “set your mind on” means to give attention to. Alternate translation: “direct your attention to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 7:18 s64b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion that you should observe & every moment? 0 This is the end of the rhetorical question that Job begins asking with the words “What is man that” in verse 17. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Tell me what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” or “I do not understand what man is that … mind on him, that you should observe … every moment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:18 cdq5 observe him 0 Alternate translation: “carefully examine him” 7:19 eb8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism How long will it be & swallow down my own saliva? 0 Here Job conveys a single idea using two different rhetorical questions to emphasize his wish that God would stop watching him. Alternate translation: “Look away from me! Leave me alone long enough for me to swallow my own saliva!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:19 ts1s saliva 0 liquid produced in people’s mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food 7:20 wwv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Even if I have sinned & burden for you? 0 Job poses these questions to argue against God treating him unfairly. Alternate translation: “Even if I have sinned, that would do nothing to you, as you watch over people. Tell me why you have made me your target, so that I am a burden for you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:21 gzz5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity? 0 Here Job uses two similar clauses within a rhetorical question to emphasize his point. Possible meanings are: (1) Job is asking why God does not forgive him. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity.” or (2) Job is asking God why he cannot just overlook his supposed wrongdoings. Alternate translation: “Tell me why you do not just bear with my transgression and iniquity.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 7:21 ek8a take away 0 Alternate translation: “remove” 7:21 yf7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy now will I lie down in the dust 0 The phrase “lie down in the dust” is a metonym that represents dying. Alternate translation: “now I will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 7:21 uz1p I will not exist 0 Alternate translation: “I will not be here” or “I will be gone” 8:intro md4v 0 # Job 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Bildad’s advice\nBildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nBildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 8:1 emj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nVerses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 8:1 xwz1 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nIn this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job’s complaints. 8:1 y8y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Then Bildad the Shuhite answered 0 “Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 8:2 gg55 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind? 0 Bildad speaks of Job’s words as if they are as empty and insubstantial as the wind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The words of your mouth are as insignificant as a mighty wind.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 8:3 x959 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness? 0 Here “God” and “the Almighty” both refer to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questionsas statements. Alternate translation: “God does not pervert justice; the Almighty does not pervert righteousness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 8:3 p2fp pervert justice? & pervert righteousness? 0 Alternate translation: “approve of and do what is not just? … approve of and do what is not righteous?” 8:4 icy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for he gave them into the hand of their sins 0 Here “hand” represents the power or results of sin. Bildad implies that God killed Job’s children because of their sin. Alternate translation: “for God caused the consequences of your children’s sins to kill them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 8:5 lpy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty 0 Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 8:5 q7cd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet diligently sought God & presented your request to the Almighty 0 These two phrases both refer to Job asking God for help or pleading with God for mercy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 8:5 c9ii diligently sought God 0 Alternate translation: “earnestly asked God for help” 8:6 u412 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nBildad says that God would treat Job well if he was pure, but Bildad does not believe that Job is pure. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 8:6 a4ua If you are pure and upright 0 Alternate translation: “If only you were pure and righteous” or “If only you would obey God and do what is right” 8:6 f6a2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor stir himself on your behalf 0 Here Yahweh is spoken of as if he woke from sleep to help Job. Alternate translation: “help you” or “do good things for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:6 k3xq restore you to your rightful place 0 This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor. 8:7 cd7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater 0 Here lack of wealth is spoken of as being a “small beginning.” Alternate translation: “Even if you were poor early in your life, God would make you very wealthy later in your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:8 iq7n give your attention to what our ancestors learned 0 Alternate translation: “study carefully what our ancestors discovered” or “consider the things our forefathers learned” 8:9 m5vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor our days on earth are a shadow 0 The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:10 h2ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts? 0 Bildad uses these rhetorical questions to rebuke Job for not agreeing with Bildad and the ancestors. They can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “They will teach you and tell you and speak what they sincerely believe.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 8:10 u4ad rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from their hearts 0 Here the word “hearts” represents their inner beliefs. Alternate translation: “that they sincerely believe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 8:11 a2hm General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). 8:11 tj37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water? 0 Bildad uses these two parallel questions to emphasize the single point that people cannot live without God. Here the plants represent people and the water represents God. The questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Papyrus plants cannot grow away from the marshes. Reeds cannot grow without water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:11 ig9q papyrus 0 a tall reed-like plant that grows in shallow water 8:12 ht78 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). 8:12 q4x1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant 0 It is implied that they wither when there is no water. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Without water, they stop growing and wither faster than any other plant, even if no one cuts them down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 8:12 ugh5 wither 0 Alternate translation: “dry up” 8:13 vn8n General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). 8:13 y6pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy So also are the paths of all who forget God 0 Here “the paths” represents a person’s future and the events that will happen to them. Alternate translation: “The same thing will happen to everyone who forgets God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 8:13 fc76 the hope of the godless will perish 0 Alternate translation: “the things the godless person desires will not happen” 8:14 m1bj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIt is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of [Job 8:8-10](./08.md). In this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 8:14 yg2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism His confidence will break apart & his trust is as weak as a spider’s web 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 8:14 e61x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his trust is as weak as a spider’s web 0 Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider’s web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 8:15 h15h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this verse the pronouns “he” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 8:15 g7al rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand 0 This statement probably refers to a man relying on his property and wealth for security. If so, then “house” here represents the owner’s property and wealth. Alternate translation: “He thinks he will be safe because he is wealthy, but he will not be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:15 r6mq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes it will not support him 0 This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “he will fall down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 8:15 s164 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes it does not stand 0 This negative statement emphasizes the opposite. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “it will fall down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 8:16 zn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nHere pronouns “he” and “his” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 8:16 x5ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden 0 Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:16 d31w Under the sun he is green 0 The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. This could mean: (1) he is healthy during the day or (2) he is watered before the sun rises. 8:17 i19y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this verse the pronoun “his” refers to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 8:17 cty7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone & they look for good places among the rocks 0 These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. This could mean: (1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or (2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:18 qe8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn this verse the pronouns “his” and “him” refer to the godless person, who represents godless people in general. It may be helpful to readers to use the plural pronouns “they” and “their.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 8:18 ib86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive if this person is destroyed out of his place 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone pulls him out of his place” or “if a gardener tears him out of the garden” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 8:18 tq8v his place 0 Alternate translation: “the rocky ground” or “the garden” 8:18 b7jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification that place will deny him and say, ‘I never saw you.’ 0 The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:19 llr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony this is the “joy” of such a person’s behavior 0 Bildad is speaking with irony to express that there is not any real joy for the godless person. Alternate translation: “this is all the joy they will receive from their godless actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 8:19 z27b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place 0 Bildad continues the metaphor from [Job 8:16-18](./16.md). Other godless people are spoken of as plants who take the place of the first godless man when he dies. Alternate translation: “when one wicked man dies, another will take his place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:19 n1qg sprout 0 Alternate translation: “grow” 8:19 j8fx the same soil 0 Alternate translation: “the rocky ground” or “the garden” 8:19 y97b in his place 0 Alternate translation: “in the place of the godless man” 8:20 i9v4 God will not cast away an innocent man 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “God will accept an innocent man” 8:20 gz4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy neither will he take the hand of evildoers 0 Here “take the hand” refers to help or support. Alternate translation: “God will not support people who do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 8:21 td9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting 0 These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize how happy Job would be if he were innocent. The word “he” refers to God and “your” refers to Job. Alternate translation: “God will make you very happy again if you are innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 8:21 ezc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fill your mouth with laughter 0 God causing Job to laugh is spoken of as if God had poured laughter into Job’s mouth. Alternate translation: “cause you to continually laugh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:21 e5gp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis your lips with shouting 0 The verb “fill” is understood from the previous clause. God causing him to shout for joy is spoken of as if God had poured joy into Job’s mouth. Alternate translation: “God will cause you to shout for joy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:22 tc4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Those who hate you will be clothed with shame 0 Here “shame” is spoken of as if it were clothing that God will cause Job’s enemies to wear. This means they will be very ashamed. Alternate translation: “God will cause those who hate you to be very ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 8:22 k5y9 the tent of the wicked will be no more 0 Here “tent” refers to the homes of the wicked. Alternate translation: “the houses of the wicked will be destroyed” 8:22 uz63 will be no more 0 Alternate translation: “will not last” or “will be destroyed” 9:intro n51u 0 # Job 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness and Yahweh’s power\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh’s power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 9:2 e369 I truly know that this is so 0 Alternate translation: “I know that what you say is true” 9:2 a9ku this is so 0 Here the word “this” refers to what Bildad said. 9:2 r4pi how can a person be in the right with God? 0 Alternate translation: “how can anyone be innocent before God?” 9:3 a6um argue 0 dispute 9:3 el71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he cannot answer him once in a thousand times 0 “Once in a thousand times” here is an idiom that means “at all.” This could mean: (1) “he cannot give any answer to God” or (2) “God will not answer him at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 9:3 t9fi a thousand times 0 Alternate translation: “1,000 times” 9:4 mh8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy wise in heart 0 Here the heart represents the inner being or thoughts. Alternate translation: “wise in what he decides” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:4 f7rj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns mighty in strength 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strength**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “mighty in how strong he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 9:4 b286 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns hardened himself against him 0 To harden oneself means to be stubborn. Alternate translation: “resisted him” or “defied him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 9:5 at5b he who removes the mountains 0 Alternate translation: “God removes the mountains” 9:6 m19t he who shakes the earth 0 Alternate translation: “God shakes the earth” 9:6 xth3 sets its supports trembling 0 Alternate translation: “makes its foundations tremble” 9:7 mt2x who covers up the stars 0 Alternate translation: “who blocks the stars from view” 9:8 lya7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns who by himself stretches out the heavens 0 God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:8 xis1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor tramples down the waves of the sea 0 God is spoken of as calming the sea as if with his feet. Alternate translation: “puts his feet down on the waves of the sea” or “calms the waves of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:9 n4y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades 0 These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 9:9 taz3 Orion 0 a famous hunter in Greek mythology 9:9 x429 Pleiades 0 several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky 9:9 uzy5 constellations 0 groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky 9:10 h9d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 9:10 g1vu unsearchable things 0 Alternate translation: “things that cannot be understood” 9:11 j3wr See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 9:11 l3a7 he passes on 0 Alternate translation: “he passes by” or “he moves on” 9:12 tc75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, ‘What are you doing? 0 These are rhetorical questions that expect an answer of “No one.” They can be reworded as statements. Alternate translation: “If he takes something away, no one can stop him. No one can ask him, ‘What are you doing?’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 9:12 gm8n If he takes something away 0 Alternate translation: “If he takes someone away” or “If he wants to snatch something away” 9:13 e9gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him 0 Here “bow beneath him” symbolizes submission or defeat. Alternate translation: “he crushes the helpers of Rahab” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 9:13 nzr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rahab 0 The word “Rahab” here refers to a monster of the sea. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 9:14 z61q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him? 0 Job poses two similar questions to emphasize his reluctance to confront God. They can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “So I certainly could not answer him or choose words to reason with him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 9:17 w3dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For he breaks me with a tempest 0 Job compares his troubles from God to the effects of a tempest. Alternate translation: “He injures me as if with a tempest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:17 qb29 tempest 0 a powerful or violent storm 9:17 rl4w multiplies my wounds 0 Alternate translation: “gives me many wounds” or “wounds me again and again” 9:17 qw6a without cause 0 Alternate translation: “even though I have not given him cause to do so” or “even though I am innocent” 9:18 bw17 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to regain my breath 0 This is an idiom that means “to be able to breathe again” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 9:18 uqz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he fills me with bitterness 0 This verse pictures God as filling up Job’s life with things that make him bitter. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “bitter.” Alternate translation: “he fills me up with bitter things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 9:19 qi46 If it is a matter of strength 0 Alternate translation: “If there is a contest of strength” 9:19 ad8i behold, he is mighty 0 Alternate translation: “look and you will see that he is mighty” or “pay attention to what I am about to tell you: he is mighty” 9:19 a2rc he is mighty 0 Alternate translation: “he is the strong one” 9:19 fjk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who can summon him? 0 This question expects an answer of “No one” to make the point that no one is able to bring God to court. This can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “no one can summon him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 9:20 q6qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty 0 This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 9:20 xtf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Though I am in the right 0 Here “I am in the right” means I am the one who has done right things. Alternate translation: “Although I have done right things” or “Even though I am innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 9:20 grl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my own mouth would condemn me 0 Here “mouth” represents Job’s words. Alternate translation: “my own words would accuse me” or “what I say would condemn me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:20 ci26 blameless 0 Alternate translation: “faultless” 9:20 dd24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my words would prove me to be guilty 0 Here “my words” are spoken of as if they could take action. Alternate translation: “God would use what I say to prove me guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:20 j9y3 guilty 0 The word here has the meaning of “twisted” or “crooked.” 9:21 n1sz I am blameless 0 Alternate translation: “I am faultless” 9:21 ruv5 about myself 0 Alternate translation: “what happens to me” 9:22 ahw1 It makes no difference 0 Alternate translation: “It is all the same” or “It does not matter” 9:22 e1i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism he destroys blameless people and wicked people together 0 Here “blameless” and “wicked” are two extremes for a merism that include everything in between. Alternate translation: “he brings everyone to an end, whether they are blameless or wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 9:23 hsd9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When a whip suddenly kills 0 The word “whip” here is a metaphor for any kind of disaster. Alternate translation: “When a disaster suddenly happens and people die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:23 m78u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the despair of the innocent 0 The word “despair” is an abstract noun that can be translated by the verb “despair.” Here it is a metonym for the innocent who are despairing. Alternate translation: “the innocent who are despairing” or “the innocent who have lost all hope” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:23 sgu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj innocent 0 This is a nominalized adjective. Alternate translation: “innocent people”. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 9:24 v13g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The earth is given 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God gives the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 9:24 rz2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The earth is 0 Here “the earth” is used to represent the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “The people of the world are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:24 g65c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy into the hand of 0 Here “hand” is a metonym for “control.” Alternate translation: “into the control of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:24 l9pz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom God covers the faces of its judges 0 This idiom means God keeps the judges of the earth from being able to judge the difference between right and wrong. Alternate translation: “God makes its judges blind” or “God keeps its judges from judging rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 9:24 y1iv If it is not he who does it, then who is it? 0 Alternate translation: “If it is not God who does these things, then who does them?” 9:25 aw7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile My days are swifter than a running messenger 0 Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a fast runner. Alternate translation: “My days pass swiftly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 9:25 um75 running messenger 0 Alternate translation: “runner” or “running man” 9:25 s36p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my days flee away 0 This pictures the days of Job’s life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 9:25 a6zy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification they see no good anywhere 0 This pictures the days of Job’s life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 9:25 ej64 no good 0 Alternate translation: “no good thing” 9:26 icr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They are as fast as papyrus reed boats 0 Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to the speed of fast boats. Alternate translation: “They pass quickly by like papyrus reed boats” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 9:26 hle5 papyrus reed boats 0 “boats made out of reeds.” Papyrus reed is a hollow grass that grows along the banks of rivers. 9:26 vrq5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim 0 Job compares how quickly his days are passing by to a large bird diving toward its prey. Alternate translation: “as fast as the eagle that flies down quickly to catch its food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 9:26 iuy1 swoops down 0 Alternate translation: “rushes down” 9:27 wk23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I would forget about my complaints 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **complaint**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “complain.” Alternate translation: “I would stop complaining” or “I would stop complaining against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 9:27 gn93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit my complaints 0 It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate translation: “my complaints against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 9:27 vk9t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I would take off my sad face and be happy 0 Job’s sad face is spoken of here as if it was something that could be removed. Alternate translation: “I would stop looking unhappy and smile” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 9:28 rek4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases I would be afraid of all my sorrows 0 Verses 28 and 29 express the consequences if Job does what he says in verse 27. This can be expressed by adding the word “then.” Alternate translation: “Then I would be afraid of all my sorrows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 9:28 hqx2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns of all my sorrows 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrows**, you can express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “of everything that hurts me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 9:29 js2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I will be condemned 0 “I will be accused and punished.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will condemn me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 9:29 w57l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why, then, should I try in vain? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that he does not think it is of any use trying to get God’s attention. The implied information about what Job is trying can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “It is of no use to try to get God’s attention.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 9:30 l6jt If I washed myself with snow water 0 Alternate translation: “If I bathed my body in pure, clean water” 9:30 y111 snow water 0 the water that comes from melted snow 9:30 b7il snow 0 white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold 9:30 a4jk made my hands ever so clean 0 Some other versions of the Bible translate this with the meaning of “cleaned my hands with very strong soap.” Alternate translation: “made my hands exceedingly clean” 9:31 sz3q plunge me in a ditch 0 Alternate translation: “throw me into a pit” 9:31 vh45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification my own clothes would be disgusted with me 0 Job’s clothing is spoken of as if it would have a negative response to Job after God plunged him into a ditch. Alternate translation: “I would be too filthy for my own clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 9:32 va67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit answer him 0 Job implies that God has charged him of doing wrong, and he wants to respond to those charges. Alternate translation: “answer his charges against me” or “defend myself” or “argue my innocence with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 9:32 yb3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy come together in court 0 “come together to trial.” Here “court” is a place where people can come and a judge will settle disputes. “Coming together in court” is a metonym for going against each other in a court of law. Alternate translation: “confront each other before a judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:33 z743 There is no judge between us 0 This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job. 9:33 es66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lay his hand upon us both 0 Here “lay his hand upon” means having power or authority over. Alternate translation: “take hold of both of us” or “have authority over both of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 9:34 hm1t Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThese verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job. 9:34 cc5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy take God’s rod off me 0 Here “God’s rod” is a metonym for God punishing or correcting Job. Alternate translation: “stop God from punishing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 9:34 vs1b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns keep his terror from frightening me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “terrify.” Alternate translation: “keep him from terrifying and frightening me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 9:35 fa78 Then would I speak up 0 Alternate translation: “Then I would speak” 9:35 ug86 as things are now 0 Alternate translation: “because this is how things are now” 10:intro ul99 0 # Job 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 10:1 ch7h I am weary of my life 0 Alternate translation: “I am tired of living” 10:1 p5cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will give free expression to my complaint 0 The abstract nouns “expression” and “complaint” can be translated as the verbs “express” and “complain.” Alternate translation: “I will freely express what I have to complain about” or “I will argue freely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:1 zk1f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will speak in the bitterness of my soul 0 How Job feels is compared to a bitter taste. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **bitterness**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “bitterly.” Alternate translation: “My inner being will speak bitterly” or “I will bitterly speak out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:3 aaw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked? 0 This question expects a “no” answer and can be changed into a statement. Alternate translation: “It is not good that you should oppress me, that you should despise the work of your hands, while you smile on the plans of the wicked.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 10:3 vw7h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the work of your hands 0 Here God is represented by his “hands.” Alternate translation: “what you have created” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 10:3 q8wf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom smile on the plans of the wicked 0 Here the idiom “smiling on” represents God’s approval. Alternate translation: “approve the plans of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 10:4 d65r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees? 0 These two questions have nearly the same meaning. These questions expect a negative answer to emphasize that God does not see or understand things the same way a man does. They can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You do not have eyes of flesh, and you do not see like a man sees.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 10:5 e9t6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Job begins to ask a rhetorical question. He is saying that God lives forever but people live only for a short time, so God should not worry about Job’s sins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 10:5 awt6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism your days like the days of mankind & your years like the years of people 0 These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 10:5 st4n your days 0 Alternate translation: “the number of your days” 10:5 tjp4 your years 0 Alternate translation: “the number of your years” 10:6 qf3d Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues the rhetorical question he began in verse 5. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion) 10:6 zdk3 inquire after my iniquity 0 Alternate translation: “look to see if I have committed iniquity” 10:7 eu61 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Are your days” in verse 5. 10:7 s3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion although you know & from your hand? 0 This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Are your days” in verse 5. The whole question can be translated as a statement. “Your days are not like the days of mankind, and your years are not like the years of people, so you should not inquire after my iniquity and search after my sin, because you know I am not guilty and there is no one who can rescue me from your hand.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 10:7 vzd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from your hand 0 Here “your hand” represents God’s power. Alternate translation: “from your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 10:8 tx92 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your hands 0 Here “hands” represent God and his creative action. Alternate translation: “You” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 10:8 x1dy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about 0 Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:8 p1ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet framed and fashioned me 0 “shaped and formed me.” The words “framed” and “fashioned” are similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 10:9 l83b Call to mind 0 Alternate translation: “Remember” 10:9 zg5j bring me into dust again 0 Alternate translation: “turn me back into dust again” 10:10 vpu6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) 10:10 h664 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese? 0 This is a question that expects a positive answer. Alternate translation: “You poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese.” or “You formed me in the womb like poured milk becomes cheese.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 10:10 c2ul you 0 Here “you” refers to God. 10:10 wk3h me 0 Here “me” refers to Job. 10:11 p9pw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You have clothed me with skin and flesh 0 God putting skin and flesh on Job’s body is spoken of as if God was putting clothing on him. Alternate translation: “You have put skin and flesh on my body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:11 mxm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor knit me together 0 “wove me together.” God putting Job’s body together in the womb is spoken of as if God was knitting or weaving a piece of cloth. Alternate translation: “put me together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:11 hut9 sinews 0 the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords 10:12 tc2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness 0 The abstract nouns “life” and “faithfulness” can be stated as “live” and “faithful.” Alternate translation: “You have been faithful to your covenant and allowed me to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:12 dt8a your help 0 Alternate translation: “your care” 10:12 h7in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche guarded my spirit 0 Here Job is represented by his “spirit.” Alternate translation: “guarded me” or “watched carefully over me” or “kept me safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 10:14 zj6t you would notice it 0 Alternate translation: “you would watch me” 10:15 l6ww If I have acted wickedly 0 Alternate translation: “If I do evil things” 10:15 vwh2 woe to me 0 Alternate translation: “how terrible will it be for me” 10:15 h2sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom lift up my head 0 This idiom means to be sure or confident. Alternate translation: “hold my head up” or “be confident” or “be sure about myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 10:15 yg3e I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction 0 Another possible meaning, followed by some versions, is, “I am full of disgrace and am completely full of my own suffering,” where the disgrace is bad but the suffering is even worse. 10:15 amu8 I am filled with disgrace 0 Alternate translation: “I am totally ashamed” or “No one respects me anymore” 10:15 fs2u disgrace 0 shame 10:15 bu5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns see my affliction 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **affliction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “afflict.” Alternate translation: “see how God is afflicting me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:16 z3nm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion 0 This could mean: (1) this is a hypothetical situation that has not happened or (2) this is a description of a situation that happens repeatedly. Alternate translation: “When my head is lifted up, you stalk me like a lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 10:16 ya75 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom If my head were lifted up 0 This idiom means to become self-confident or proud. Alternate translation: “If I become proud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 10:16 bss8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you would stalk me like a lion 0 Possible meanings of this simile are: (1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or (2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 10:16 yj7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me 0 This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 10:17 u754 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You bring new witnesses against me 0 Job’s troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:17 di4r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns increase your anger against me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “angry.” Alternate translation: “are more and more angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 10:17 zs8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you attack me with fresh armies 0 God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:18 zk6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brought me out of the womb 0 Here being brought out of the womb represents being born into this world. Alternate translation: “brought me out of my mother’s womb” or “brought me into this world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:18 n2ql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor given up my spirit 0 Giving up one’s spirit represents dying. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:18 s56b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche and that no eye had ever seen me 0 Job uses “eye” here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. Alternate translation: “before any person had ever seen me” or “before I was born” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 10:19 bzd2 I had never existed 0 Alternate translation: “I had never lived” 10:19 uc37 I would have been carried 0 Alternate translation: “My body would have been carried” 10:20 yd2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are not my days only a few? 0 Here “my days” represent the length of Job’s life. This question expects a positive answer, to emphasize that Job only expects to live a few more days. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I only have a few days left to live.” or “My life will soon end.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 10:21 f7d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the land 0 Here the place where the spirits of dead people go is spoken of as if it was a land. Alternate translation: “the place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 10:21 i9h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet of darkness and of the shadow of death 0 The phrase “shadow of death” intensifies the idea of “darkness.” Both phrases describe where the spirits of dead people go. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 10:21 zq3v the shadow of death 0 See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md). 10:22 xkq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as dark as midnight 0 The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 10:22 r9u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes without any order 0 This negative phrase can be expressed in positive form. Alternate translation: “full of confusion” or “where all is confused” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 10:22 a8nx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile where the light is like midnight 0 The light of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to midnight. Alternate translation: “where there is no light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 11:intro m1vt 0 # Job 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Zophar’s advice\n\nZophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nZophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:1 mbq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Zophar the Naamathite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Alternate translation: “Zophar from the region of Naamah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 11:2 cq18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should not such a multitude of words be answered? 0 Zophar is asking a question in the negative to emphasize that Job’s words must be challenged. Alternate translation: “We must answer all of these words!” or “Someone should respond to all these words!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:2 ua2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should this man, so full of talk, be believed? 0 Zophar uses this question to emphasize that they should not believe what Job was saying. Alternate translation: “This man is so full of talk, but the people should not believe him!” or “Your many words alone do not mean you are innocent!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:3 kgu1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should your boasting make others remain silent? 0 Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. Alternate translation: “Just because you have spoken many words, this does not mean that others must keep silent.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:3 s3am rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed? 0 Zophar uses this question to rebuke Job. You may need to make explicit what it is that Job is mocking. Alternate translation: “You have mocked us for what we have said. Now we will make you feel ashamed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 11:4 k2le My beliefs are pure 0 Alternate translation: “My understanding is correct” 11:4 e56u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am blameless in your eyes 0 The eyes represent sight, which is a metaphor for God’s evaluation of Job. This could mean: (1) that Job is saying that God judges him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You say that I am blameless” or (2) that Job believes he has been blameless and that God should judge him as blameless. Alternate translation: “You should recognize that I am blameless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:5 ii56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that God would speak & open his lips against you 0 The words “open his lips” are a metonym that means speak. These two phrases mean the same thing and are used together to emphasize Zophar’s desire that God would speak harshly against Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 11:6 ca7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that he would show & secrets of wisdom 0 What the “secrets of wisdom” are can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 11:6 qjk2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves 0 Demanding from Job represents punishing Job. Alternate translation: “God is punishing you less than you deserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:7 tvp2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly? 0 These two parallel questions are asking the same thing. The writer uses the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand God by searching for him, and you will never completely understand the Almighty!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:8 n8yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The matter 0 This refers to understanding God. Alternate translation: “To understand God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 11:8 jhq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism is as high as heaven & deeper than Sheol 0 The impossibility of understanding God is spoken of as if it were impossible to go to these extremely far away places. Alternate translation: “is as inaccessible as the highest places in heaven … is more inaccessible than the deepest places in Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 11:8 y9sp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what can you do? 0 Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to understand God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot do anything.” or “you cannot understand him fully.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:8 hb95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what can you know? 0 Zophar uses this question to show that a person cannot do anything to know God fully. Alternate translation: “you cannot know God fully.” or “you cannot know all there is to know.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:9 i9xz Its measure 0 This could mean: (1) God’s greatness or (2) the greatness of God’s wisdom. 11:9 z6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor is longer than the earth & wider than the sea 0 God’s greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:10 y4fx If he & shuts anyone up 0 Alternate translation: “If God … shuts anyone up in prison” 11:10 d1jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if he calls anyone to judgment 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “judge.” Alternate translation: “if God calls anyone to go to him so that God might judge him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 11:10 f915 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who can stop him? 0 This question emphasizes that no one can stop God. Alternate translation: “no one can stop him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:11 gdx6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion does he not notice it? 0 This emphasizes that God does notice sin. Alternate translation: “he surely notices it!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 11:12 e8e9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns But foolish people have no understanding 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “But foolish people do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 11:12 jlz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man 0 Since a wild donkey can never give birth to a man, this means that foolish people will never get understanding. Alternate translation: “only if a wild donkey could give birth to a man could foolish people get understanding” or “it is as impossible for a foolish person to get understanding as it is for a donkey to give birth to a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 11:13 k56l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor suppose that you had set your heart right 0 The heart represents thoughts and attitudes. Setting it right represents correcting it. Alternate translation: “even if you had corrected your attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:13 mm3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction had reached out with your hands toward God 0 This is a symbolic action representing asking God for help. Alternate translation: “had made an appeal and prayed to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 11:14 t8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy suppose that iniquity were in your hand 0 The hand represents what a person does. Alternate translation: “even if you had done some evil things in the past” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 11:14 nt8d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but that then you put it far away from you 0 Putting sin behind represents stopping sinning. Alternate translation: “but that then you stopped doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:14 u5ya rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification did not let unrighteousness live in your tents 0 Unrighteousness living represents people doing unrighteous things. Alternate translation: “and you did not allow the members of your household to do unrighteous things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 11:15 db84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy lift up your face without a sign of shame 0 “Lifting up your face” represents the attitude of a person who is confident and brave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 11:16 x6vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away 0 Zophar is comparing misery with water that flows downstream and it is gone. Alternate translation: “You would remember it, but the misery will be gone, like waters that have flowed away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 11:17 fqt4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Your life would & like the morning. 0 Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 11:17 dkt7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your life would be brighter than the noonday 0 Brightness represents being prosperous and happy. Alternate translation: “Your life would be prosperous and happy like the noonday” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:17 dua9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo though there were darkness 0 Darkness represents troubles and sadness. Alternate translation: “Though there were dark troubles and sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 11:17 s8z7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it would become like the morning 0 The morning represents light, which represents prosperity and happiness. Alternate translation: “it would be prosperous and happy like the morning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 11:18 iqu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism You would be secure & take your rest in safety 0 Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 11:18 f1be rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom would take your rest in safety 0 “Take your rest” here is an idiom for “rest.” The phrase “in safety” can be expressed with the word “safely.” Alternate translation: “would rest safely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 11:19 fm2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Also you would lie down in rest & your favor. 0 Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 11:19 hc18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns you would lie down in rest 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rest**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rest.” Alternate translation: “you would lie down and rest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 11:20 s359 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the eyes of wicked people will fail 0 Their eyes represent their understanding. Alternate translation: “the understanding of the wicked people will fail” or “the wicked people will not be able to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:intro u4jn 0 # Job 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\nJob uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 12:2 dpz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you 0 Job mocks how they are acting and shows how ridiculous they sound. Alternate translation: “Surely you are such important people that wisdom cannot exist without you” or “You all act like you are the only wise people and that when you die, wisdom will disappear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 12:2 ba96 No doubt 0 Alternate translation: “Surely” 12:2 dk3z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you 0 This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 12:2 xl1k you are the people 0 Alternate translation: “you are the important people who know everything” 12:3 kd9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Indeed, who does not know such things as these? 0 Job used this question to express a truth that should be obvious to his listeners. It can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “Certainly there is no one who does not know such things as these.” or “Certainly everyone knows these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 12:4 qdq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him! 0 The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—even though I am one who called on God and he answered me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 12:4 f67d rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at 0 The relationship between these phrases can be made clear with the words “even though.” Alternate translation: “Even though I am a just and blameless man, people now laugh at me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]]) 12:5 cg28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune 0 The abstract nouns “thought,” “ease,” “contempt,” and “misfortune” can be expressed with other phrases. Alternate translation: “A person who lives an easy life despises a person who suffers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:5 j6ph rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brings more misfortune 0 Bringing misfortune represents causing it to happen. Alternate translation: “causes more bad things to happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:5 z8za rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to those whose foot is slipping 0 The foot slipping represents being in danger or trouble. Alternate translation: “to those who are already in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:6 rn8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The tents of robbers prosper 0 Their tents prospering represents the robbers prospering in their tents. Alternate translation: “Robbers live in prosperity in their own tents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:6 j8fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their own hands are their gods 0 Here “their own hands” is a metonym for strength, and “their gods” is a metaphor for their pride. Alternate translation: “they are extremely proud of their own abilities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:7 c1y7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony But now ask the beasts & the birds & they will tell you 0 Job is saying that the beasts and the birds understand God better than Job’s friends do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 12:7 t82w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you 0 All occurrences of “you” are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 12:7 de2x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you 0 The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “But if you were to ask the beasts, they would teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 12:7 ee93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you 0 The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: if you were to ask the birds of the heavens, they would tell you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 12:8 g5xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony speak to the earth & will declare to you 0 Job is saying that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job’s friends do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 12:8 k4ca rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you 0 The command in the first part of the sentence functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “Or if you were to speak to the earth, it would teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 12:8 bjf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the fish of the sea will declare to you 0 The command “Ask the fish of the sea” is understood from the previous sentences. It functions as a hypothetical condition. Alternate translation: “and if you were to ask the fish of the sea, they would declare to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 12:9 hu2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Which animal among all these does not know & this? 0 This question emphasizes the point that all the animals know that Yahweh has done this. This question can be worded as a statement. Alternate translation: “Every animal among all these knows … this.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 12:9 tht3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of Yahweh has done this 0 Yahweh’s hand represents his power. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has done this by his power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:10 tx1w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy In his hand is the life & and the breath of all mankind 0 Yahweh’s hand represents his control or power. Alternate translation: “God controls the life of every living thing and gives breath to all mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:10 s1sr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the breath of all mankind 0 Here “breath” represents life or the ability to live. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:11 d5vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that people listen to what others say and judge whether it is good or not. The ear and palate are metonyms for hearing and tasting. Alternate translation: “We hear what people say and test it just as we taste food and test it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 12:12 v4ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With aged men is wisdom 0 “Aged men have wisdom.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with “wise.” The word “men” refers to people in general. Alternate translation: “Old people are wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) 12:12 lhn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in length of days is understanding 0 This represents people gaining understanding when they live a long time. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the phrase “understand much.” Alternate translation: “people gain understanding when they live a long time” or “people who live a long time understand much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:13 mmb7 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nVerse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does. 12:13 tw4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With God are wisdom and might 0 The abstract nouns “wisdom” and “might” can be expressed with the adjectives “wise” and “mighty.” Alternate translation: “God is wise and mighty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:14 aq2d See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 12:14 v1pt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it cannot be built again 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one can rebuild it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 12:14 c4eb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if he imprisons someone, there can be no release 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “free.” Alternate translation: “if God shuts someone in, no one can free him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:15 pl3c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if he withholds the waters, they dry up 0 Possible meanings are that withholding waters represents: (1) preventing the rain from falling. Alternate translation: “if he stops the rain from falling the land dries up” or (2) preventing running water from flowing. Alternate translation: “if he stops the water from flowing, the land dries up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:15 rel2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land 0 Possible meanings are that sending them out is a metaphor meaning: (1) causing the rain to fall. Alternate translation: “if he causes a lot of rain to fall, it floods the land” or (2) causing the waters to flow. Alternate translation: “if he makes a lot of water flow, it floods the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:16 gqf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns With him are strength and wisdom 0 The abstract nouns “strength” and “wisdom” can be expressed with the words “strong” and “wise.” Alternate translation: “God is strong and wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:16 uuh8 people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power 0 Being in God’s power represents God ruling over them. Alternate translation: “people who believe a lie and people who lie to others are both in his power” or “God rules over both people who believe lies and people who lie to others” 12:17 lk8b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He leads counselors away barefoot 0 Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:17 ux12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in sorrow 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel very sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:17 uu39 he turns judges into fools 0 Alternate translation: “he makes judges become foolish” 12:18 w5lc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He takes off the chain of authority from kings 0 Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a metonym for causing kings to no longer have authority. Alternate translation: “He takes away the authority of kings” or (2) this is a metonym for setting people free from the chains that kings have put on them. Alternate translation: “He takes off the bonds that kings have put on people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:18 p4c4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he wraps a cloth about their waists 0 This cloth is probably what a slave wears. To put these cloths on kings represents making the kings slaves. Alternate translation: “he makes kings wear the clothing of slaves” or “he makes them slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:19 mkn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He leads priests away barefoot 0 Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:19 wut2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in sorrow 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sorrow**, you can express the same idea with the words “sad” or “grieve” Alternate translation: “and they feel sad” or “and they grieve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 12:19 ch3f overthrows mighty people 0 Alternate translation: “defeats powerful people” 12:20 g3na rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy He removes the speech of those who had been trusted 0 Removing their speech represents making them unable to speak. Alternate translation: “He makes those who were trusted unable to speak” or “He silences people whom others trusted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:20 dk1e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy takes away the understanding of the elders 0 Taking away their understanding represents making them unable to understand or make good decisions. Alternate translation: “makes the elders unable to understand” or “makes the elders unable to make good decisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:20 gm4d the elders 0 This could mean: (1) the older people or (2) the leaders. 12:21 l74e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He pours contempt upon princes 0 Pouring contempt on princes is a metaphor for causing people to feel contempt for them. Alternate translation: “He causes people to greatly disrespect those who rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:21 k6sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor unfastens the belt of strong people 0 The belt is a symbol of strength. Unfastening a strong person’s belt represents taking away his strength and making him weak. Alternate translation: “makes the strong people weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:22 c31p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He reveals the deep things of darkness 0 Revealing things represents making them known. “Deep things from darkness” represent secrets that people do not know. Alternate translation: “He makes known secrets that people do not know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:22 bqc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brings deep shadows into the light 0 Bringing things out into the light represents making them known, and here “shadows” is a metonym for the things that are hidden in the shadows, which in turn are a metaphor for truths that God has hidden from people. Alternate translation: “makes known things that no one can see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:23 zzy8 He enlarges nations 0 Alternate translation: “He makes nations larger” or “He makes nations have more land” 12:23 dkw2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he also leads them along as prisoners 0 God leading nations represents God causing enemy nations to lead them. The word “them” represents nations, which here represents the people of those nations. Alternate translation: “he also causes their enemies to lead them along as prisoners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 12:24 n4ta rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth 0 Taking away their understanding represents causing them to be unable to understand. Alternate translation: “He causes the leaders of the people of the earth to be unable to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:24 w1re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to wander in a wilderness where there is no path 0 Wandering in a wilderness where there is no path represents being in a difficult situation and not knowing what to do. Alternate translation: “to be unsure of what to do like a person wandering in a wasteland with no path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:25 x7t2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They grope in the dark without light 0 Being in the dark without light represents lacking knowledge. Alternate translation: “They struggle to make decisions without knowledge as people struggle to walk in the dark without light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 12:25 a21u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he makes them stagger like a drunk man 0 Staggering or wandering like a drunk man represents living without purpose. Alternate translation: “he makes them live without purpose like a drunk person who staggers as he walks” or “they wander aimlessly like a drunk person who staggers back and forth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 13:intro x1ub 0 # Job 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Zophar. It also contains Job’s claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job’s case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh’s authority. These three friends therefore try to take God’s place. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s response. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 13:1 i5ce Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends. 13:1 i4pc See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 13:1 d8w1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye has seen all this 0 Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate translation: “I have seen all this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 13:1 q1yi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my ear has heard and understood it 0 Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. Alternate translation: “I have heard and understood it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 13:2 cq6c What you know, the same I also know 0 Alternate translation: “What you know, I also know” or “I know as much as you” 13:3 lcm5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends. 13:3 mx6r I wish to reason with God 0 Job’s friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint. 13:4 f979 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you whitewash the truth with lies 0 Putting whitewash or plaster on the truth represents ignoring the truth. Alternate translation: “you hide the truth with lies” or “you lie and ignore the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:4 p89c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you are all physicians of no value 0 Being a physician represents being a person who comforts others. Being of no value means that they do not know how to do what they should. Alternate translation: “you are all like physicians who do not know how to heal people” or “you all come to comfort me, but you do not know how, like unskilled physicians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:5 gp7i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hold your peace 0 This expression means “be quiet” or “stop talking.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 13:5 t33j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns That would be your wisdom 0 They thought that they were saying wise things, but Job was saying that they would be wiser if they would stop talking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “If you were to do that, you would be wise” or “If you were to stop talking, you would appear wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 13:6 ezt5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends. 13:6 v78i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche listen to the pleading of my own lips 0 Here “lips” represent the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “listen to what I myself plead for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 13:7 scy3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you speak unrighteously & deceitfully for him? 0 Job uses these two questions to rebuke his friends for speaking unrighteously. Alternate translation: “You think that you are speaking for God, but you are speaking unrighteously. You are speaking deceitfully.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 13:7 gc76 talk deceitfully 0 Alternate translation: “lie” or “tell lies” 13:8 x6cv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you show him partiality? Will you argue the case for God? 0 Showing kindness to God represents helping God or defending God against Job’s complaints. Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for thinking that they can defend God. Alternate translation: “You think that God need you to defend him? You think that you can argue for God like attorneys in court.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 13:9 i61h Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends. 13:9 l9wk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will it be good for you when he searches you out? 0 Here “searches you out” is a metaphor meaning “examines you.” Job uses this question to warn his friends that if God were to examine them, he would say that what they are doing is wrong. Alternate translation: “When God examines you, it will not be good for you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 13:9 gk9j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Could you deceive him as you might deceive men? 0 Job uses this question to warn his friends that God knows the truth about them. Alternate translation: “You might be able to deceive men, but you cannot deceive God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 13:10 ecs9 reprove you 0 Alternate translation: “rebuke you” 13:10 g5lz if in secret you showed partiality 0 “if you secretly show favor to another.” Showing partiality refers to saying only good things about someone so that the judge will say that the person is good. Doing this in secret means pretending to speak fairly, but really favoring one person over another. 13:11 bx5e Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends. 13:11 j11v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you? 0 Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends. This could mean: (1) Job is saying that they should fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty should make you afraid, and his dread should fall on you.” or (2) Job is saying that they will fear God. Alternate translation: “His majesty will make you afraid, and his dread will fall on you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 13:11 e6x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and the dread of him fall upon you 0 Dread falling on people represents them becoming terribly afraid. Alternate translation: “and you not be terribly afraid” or “and you not be terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:12 s8ny rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes 0 Ashes represent things that are worthless and do not last. Alternate translation: “Your memorable sayings are worthless like ashes” or “Your memorable sayings will be forgotten like ashes that are blown away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:12 brf8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor your defenses are defenses made of clay 0 Job speaks of what they say as if it were a wall made of clay around a city; it cannot defend the people because clay breaks easily. Alternate translation: “What you say in defense is as useless as a wall of clay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:12 pt19 your defenses 0 Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) what they say to defend themselves or (2) what they say to defend God. 13:13 ygn9 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak to his friends. 13:13 i6h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Hold your peace 0 This is an idiom meaning “Be quiet” or “Stop talking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 13:13 wau3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom let me alone 0 This is an idiom that means “stop bothering me” or “stop hindering me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 13:13 vp1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let come what may on me 0 Things coming on a person represents things happening to a person. This expression starting with “let” means that he does not care what might happen to him. Alternate translation: “let whatever may happen to me happen” or “I do not care what may happen to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:14 wk5u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I will take my own flesh & in my hands 0 “Flesh” here is a metonym for life. “Teeth” and “hands” are metonyms for his own control. These two phrases together emphasize that Job is willing to risk his life by arguing his case with God. Alternate translation: “I am ready to risk my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 13:16 t8zh Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly. 13:16 e8gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns This will be the reason for my deliverance 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **deliverance**, you can express the same idea with the verb “deliver.” Alternate translation: “This is the reason that God will deliver me” or “This is why God will save me from my troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 13:17 ppd9 God, listen carefully 0 Job begins directing his speech directly to God. 13:17 z88n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job’s request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 13:17 g1xr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns let my declaration come to your ears 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **declaration**, you can express the same idea with the verb “declare.” The ears represent listening. Alternate translation: “listen to my declaration” or “listen to what I declare” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 13:18 dj3q Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God. 13:18 y2bk See now 0 This emphasizes what follows. “Listen now” or “Please pay special attention” 13:18 mb7w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have set my defense in order 0 Setting his defense in order represents deciding what he will say to defend himself. Alternate translation: “I have thought through how I will defend myself” or “I have decided how I will explain myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:19 u63c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is the one who would argue against me in court? 0 Job uses this question to express his belief that since he is right, no one would argue against him. Alternate translation: “I do not believe that anyone would argue against me in court.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 13:19 t9jj If you came to do so 0 Alternate translation: “If you came to argue against me” 13:19 v85m If you 0 “You” here means God himself. 13:19 r79s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive if I were proved wrong 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if you were to prove me wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 13:19 b4n5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor give up my life 0 Giving up one’s life is a metaphor for dying. Alternate translation: “die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:20 y87x Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God. 13:20 yzd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche from your face 0 “Face” represents the person. Alternate translation: “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 13:21 l5nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy withdraw your oppressive hand 0 An oppressive hand is a metonym for doing things that oppress someone. Withdrawing the hand is a metaphor for stopping doing those things. Alternate translation: “stop oppressing me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:21 w19t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy do not let your terrors make me afraid 0 The phrase “your terrors” refers to what causes people to be terrified of God. Alternate translation: “do not terrify me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 13:23 adu2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God. 13:24 vm5j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you hide & like your enemy? 0 Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 13:24 i7qi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you hide your face from me 0 Hiding one’s face from someone represents refusing to look at him or ignoring him. Alternate translation: “you refuse to look at me” or “you ignore me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:25 xm7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you persecute & pursue dry stubble? 0 Job uses these questions to tell God that since Job is so insignificant and weak, it is useless to persecute him. “Leaf” and “stubble” are metaphors describing Job’s weakness, insignificance and frailty. Alternate translation: “You persecute me, but I am weak like a leaf blown by the wind and insignificant like dry stubble.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:26 ta4y Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes presenting his case to God. 13:26 h6dc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For you write down bitter things against me 0 “Bitter things” represents accusations. Alternate translation: “For you write down accusations against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:26 bc79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth 0 Inheriting the iniquities of his youth is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) being guilty for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you say that I am still guilty for the sins of my youth” or (2) being punished for the sins of his youth. Alternate translation: “you punish me for the sins of my youth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:26 l6wj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the iniquities of my youth 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **youth**, you can express the same idea with the word “young.” Alternate translation: “the sins I committed when I was young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 13:27 l4hh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You also put my feet in the stocks 0 Doing this represents punishing Job and keeping him from living freely as if Job had committed a crime and was a prisoner. Alternate translation: “It is as though you put my feet in the stocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:27 lk93 the stocks 0 This could mean: (1) a frame that holds a prisoner’s feet in place so that he cannot move at all or (2) chains around a prisoner’s feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment. 13:27 v659 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor all my paths 0 “Paths” represent the things Job does. Alternate translation: “everything I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:27 x3kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked 0 The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate translation: “you examine the ground where I have walked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 13:27 l15n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked 0 Examining this ground represents examining all that Job has done. Alternate translation: “it is as though you examine the ground where I have walked” or “you examine everything I do like a person examining someone’s footprints on the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 13:28 mlj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a rotten thing that wastes away 0 Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 13:28 fq5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a garment that moths have eaten 0 Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 14:intro t321 0 # Job 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Resurrection\nThe events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job’s day. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 14:1 d6in rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations Man, who is born of woman 0 This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) 14:1 u162 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole lives only a few days 0 This is an exaggeration to emphasize that people live only a short time. Alternate translation: “lives only a very short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 14:1 pfe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit is full of trouble 0 Being “full of trouble” represents experiencing much trouble. Alternate translation: “has many troubles” or “suffers much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 14:2 bgr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down 0 Like the life of a flower, a person’s life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 14:2 w4bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he flees like a shadow and does not last 0 A person’s short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 14:3 tkx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you look at any of these? 0 Job implies that he does not want God to pay so much attention to him. Alternate translation: “You do not look at any of these.” or “You do not pay so much attention to these. Please do not pay so much attention to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 14:3 inl9 look at 0 Here looking at some one represents paying attention to him in order to judge him. Alternate translation: “pay attention to” or “look for faults in” 14:3 fg87 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you bring me into judgment with you? 0 Job uses this question to show his surprise that God judges him even though Job is so insignificant like the flowers. Alternate translation: “But you judge me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 14:4 pls1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one 0 Job uses this question to persuade God to apply what he knows about unclean things to Job. Alternate translation: “No one can bring something clean out of something unclean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 14:5 fm5b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Man’s days are determined 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “You determine a man’s days” or “You decide how long a man lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 14:5 iz79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The number of his months is with you 0 The number of man’s months being with God represents God deciding the number of months that the man will live. “You decide how many months he will live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 14:5 jij3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass 0 Passing a limit represents living past a time that God has set for a person to die. Alternate translation: “you have appointed the time that he will die, and he cannot live longer than that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:6 w4rx hired man 0 a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards 14:7 l8i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns There can be hope for a tree 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” The hope is explained in verses 7-9. Alternate translation: “We can hope that a tree will live again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 14:7 ezr1 it might sprout again 0 Alternate translation: “it might start growing again” 14:7 jj4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so that its tender stalk does not disappear 0 Disappearing represents dying. Alternate translation: “so that its young shoot will not die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:8 u25b Though 0 Alternate translation: “Even if” 14:8 cqw2 stump 0 the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree 14:9 f92c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification even if it only smells water 0 This describes the dead stump as if it could smell water to represent water being near it. Alternate translation: “even if only a little water is near it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 14:9 dav4 it will bud 0 Alternate translation: “it will start growing” 14:9 bx2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification send out branches like a plant 0 The tree sending out branches represents branches growing on the tree. Alternate translation: “branches will start growing on it like a plant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 14:10 wz2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion then where is he? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that when a person dies, he is not present. Alternate translation: “no one knows where he is.” or “he is gone.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 14:11 jp78 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob begins to use word pictures to describe how it is that “man dies; he becomes weak” (verse 10). 14:11 dug9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As water disappears from a lake & dries up 0 Water that has dried up from a lake or a river cannot return, and once a person dies or grows old, he cannot become young again. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 14:12 f32z Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes comparing growing old and dying with water drying up (verse 11). 14:12 a5nl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor so people lie down 0 Lying down represents dying. Alternate translation: “so people die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:12 h4i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor do not rise again 0 Rising again represents living again. Alternate translation: “do not live again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:13 w12i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, that you would hide me 0 This is an exclamation showing what Job wants very much but does not really expect to happen. Alternate translation: “I wish that you would hide me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 14:13 is2h keep me in private 0 Alternate translation: “keep me locked up” or “keep me hidden” 14:13 km9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom call me to mind 0 Call someone to mind is an idiom meaning to think about him. Alternate translation: “think about me” or “remember me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 14:14 u755 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If a man dies, will he live again? 0 The implicit answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “If a man dies, he will not live again.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 14:14 a2dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit If so 0 What “so” refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “If he would live again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 14:14 he34 to wait all my weary time there 0 Alternate translation: “to wait all my time there even though I would be weary” 14:14 ws2y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns until my release should come 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **release**, you can express the same idea with the verb “release.” Alternate translation: “until I should be released” or “until you release me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 14:15 tbe8 I would answer 0 Alternate translation: “I would do what you wanted me to do” 14:15 d3u1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns You would have a desire for 0 The noun “desire” can be expressed with the verbs “desire” or “want.” Alternate translation: “You would desire” or “You would want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 14:15 j3fp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the work of your hands 0 Here God’s hands represent him making things. Job refers to himself as the work of God’s hands. Alternate translation: “for me, whom you have made” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 14:16 k7q4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys number and care for 0 These two verbs together express a single action. Alternate translation: “attentively care for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) 14:16 q9vm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my footsteps 0 Footsteps represent his life or what he does. Alternate translation: “my life” or “the things I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 14:16 bay1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you would not keep track of my sin 0 Keeping track of Job’s sin represents thinking about his sin. Alternate translation: “you would not look at my sin” or “you would not think about my sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:17 zvn3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism My transgression would be & you would cover up 0 These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 14:17 cby4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My transgression would be sealed up in a bag 0 Sealing transgression in a bag represents hiding it and refusing to think about it. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You would refuse to think about my transgression like someone who hides something in a bag” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:17 qe5i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you would cover up my iniquity 0 Covering up someone’s iniquity so that it cannot be seen represents refusing to think about it. Alternate translation: “you would hide my iniquity” or “you would ignore my iniquity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:18 hga3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet mountains fall and come to nothing 0 “Come to nothing” here is an idiom meaning be completely destroyed. This phrase expands on the word “fall” and emphasizes complete destruction. Alternate translation: “mountains completely fall apart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 14:18 h2q3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive rocks are moved out of their place 0 This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “rocks tumble down from their place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 14:19 nc2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile Like this, you destroy the hope of man 0 If it is easier in your language, you can put this phrase at the beginning of verse 18 and adjust the text accordingly. Alternate translation: “You destroy the hope of man, just like … dust of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 14:19 dj8q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you destroy the hope of man 0 Destroying hope represents causing the things people hope for not to happen. Alternate translation: “You prevent the hope of man from happening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:19 usl5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the hope of man 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hopes**, you can express the same idea with the verb “hope.” Alternate translation: “the things that man hopes for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 14:20 q4my You always defeat him 0 The word “him” refers to any person. Alternate translation: “You always defeat man” or “You always defeat people” 14:20 uah1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he passes away 0 Passing away represents dying. Alternate translation: “he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 14:20 p3dh you change his face 0 This could mean: (1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or (2) when a person dies, God makes the person’s face look different. 14:20 lq7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor send him away to die 0 This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 14:21 m7cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if they are brought low 0 Being brought low represents being shamed. Alternate translation: “if they are disgraced” or “if people shame them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:intro p4sy 0 # Job 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Eliphaz’s advice\nEliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nEliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:1 v5mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliphaz the Temanite 0 This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 15:2 mw8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind? 0 Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A wise man should not answer with useless knowledge nor fill himself with the east wind.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:2 hd46 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fill himself with the east wind 0 The wind represents emptiness. This phrase speaks of a person speaking empty and meaningless words as if that person were full of the wind. Alternate translation: “fill himself with empty words” or “only have meaningless words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:2 h768 the east wind 0 Alternate translation: “hot air” or “the desert wind” 15:3 mka2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good? 0 Eliphaz uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He should not reason with unprofitable talk nor with speeches with which he can do no good.” or “He should not argue using unprofitable talk or make speeches that accomplish nothing good.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:4 kfj8 you diminish respect for God 0 This could mean: (1) “because of what you say and do, other people no longer respect God” or (2) “you are no longer respecting God.” 15:4 k1xg diminish 0 make smaller 15:4 fz3c you obstruct devotion to him 0 This could mean: (1) “you make it difficult for others to devote themselves to God” or (2) “you are no longer devoting yourself to God.” 15:4 f5pv obstruct 0 block someone’s path 15:4 p5a3 devotion to 0 Alternate translation: “meditation on” or “concern for” 15:5 t4nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification your iniquity teaches your mouth 0 This describes “iniquity” as if it were a teacher and Job’s mouth is described as if it is learning. This means that his speech is greatly influenced by his iniquity. Alternate translation: “your iniquity is like a teacher and your mouth is like its student” or “it is because of your sin that you speak the way you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:5 el6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your mouth 0 This speaks of Job, but refers to his “mouth” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “you to speak” or “you to say what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 15:5 tt4g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to have the tongue of a crafty man 0 This refers to the way a crafty man speaks as his “tongue.” Alternate translation: “to speak in the way of a crafty man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 15:5 gfb6 crafty man 0 man who harms others by lying to them 15:6 j5yb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Your own mouth condemns you, not mine 0 This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their “mouths” to place emphasis on what they say. Alternate translation: “You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say” or “You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 15:6 l5gv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche your own lips testify 0 This speaks of Job, but refers to his “lips” to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate translation: “your own words” or “you testify” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 15:7 rl1y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nEach verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:7 dpx3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Are you the first man that was born? 0 The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not the first man that was born.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:7 a7jq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Were you brought into existence before the hills? 0 The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You were not brought into existence before the hills.” or “God did not bring you into existence before he brought the hills into existence.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:7 v4jt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Were you brought 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Did God bring you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 15:8 s4d8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you heard the secret knowledge of God? 0 The implicit answer here is “no.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not heard the secret knowledge of God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:8 z3rg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you limit wisdom to yourself? 0 This rhetorical question emphasizes that he cannot limit wisdom to himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot limit wisdom to yourself.” or “You are not the only wise person.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:9 afn9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What do you know that we do not know? 0 The implicit answer here is “nothing.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that you know that we do not know.” or “Everything you know, we also know.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:9 dt5n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What do you understand that is not also in us? 0 This speaks of the men having understanding as if it were something “inside” them. Alternate translation: “Everything you understand, we also understand.” or “We understand everything that you understand.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:10 e1wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men 0 Eliphaz speaks of him and the other men having learned wisdom from older men and wisdom that had been passed down from men of previous generations as if these older men were physically present with them. Alternate translation: “We acquired wisdom from old gray-haired people, from people who were born before your father was” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:11 w8rr Are the consolations of God & gentle toward you? 0 This rhetorical question is an accusation, with the implicit answer to the question being “yes.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must think that the consolations of God are too small for you, the words that are gentle toward you” 15:11 lg22 consolations 0 Alternate translation: “comforts” or “sympathies” 15:12 bbd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Why does your heart carry you away? 0 Here the “heart” represents a person’s emotions. Alternate translation: “Why do your emotions take you away?” or “Why do you allow your emotions to guide your decisions?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 15:12 c87r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Why do your eyes flash 0 This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. Alternate translation: “Why do your eyes look angry” or “Why are you angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:13 q3sz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche turn your spirit 0 Here the “spirit” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “turn yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 15:13 v2f5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit bring out such words from your mouth 0 This describes him speaking. Alternate translation: “so you say harsh things against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:14 ha68 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism What is man & What is he who is born 0 These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 15:14 n6c7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is man that he should be clean? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “clean.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man, he cannot be completely clean.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:14 u6tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clean 0 A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:14 z1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous? 0 This rhetorical question is asked to emphasize that a man cannot be completely “righteous.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “A man who is born from a woman cannot be completely righteous.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 15:15 iv3b See 0 This word is used here to draw Job’s attention to what is said next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 15:15 h358 his holy ones 0 Alternate translation: “his angels” 15:15 pd53 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clean 0 Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:15 q77f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in his sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in his judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:16 gt36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet abominable and corrupt 0 These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 15:16 we5g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who drinks iniquity like water 0 This describes iniquity as if it were water you can drink. It compares how the evil man desires to commit sin to how readily he desires to drink cool water. Alternate translation: “who love iniquity as much as they love a cup of fresh water” or “who commit evil deeds as often as they drink water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:17 fks4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I will show you 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “I will explain to you” or “I will make it clear to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 15:17 qvd8 I will announce 0 Alternate translation: “I will declare” 15:18 q3uc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes their ancestors did not hide 0 Eliphaz emphasizes that their ancestors purposefully taught them these things. Alternate translation: “their ancestors taught openly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 15:19 yjj4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to whom alone the land was given 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “to whom alone God gave the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 15:19 psj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit among whom no stranger ever passed 0 This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. Alternate translation: “no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:20 q88x twists in pain 0 “suffers a lot of pain.” This is either physical or emotional pain. 15:20 caz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the number of years that are laid up 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “all the years that God has laid up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 15:20 s474 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that are laid up 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that are prepared” or “that are set aside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 15:21 fj8p A sound of terrors is in his ears 0 Alternate translation: “He constantly hears sounds that terrify him” 15:22 ep91 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in [Job 15:20](../15/20.md). 15:22 i3pk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom return out of darkness 0 Here “darkness” is a metaphor for trouble or misfortune. Alternate translation: “escape misfortune” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 15:22 lh1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the sword waits for him 0 Here “the sword” is a metonym that represents an enemy who is waiting to kill the evil man. This could mean: (1) he is worried that someone will murder him. Alternate translation: “he worries that someone is about to murder him” or (2) it is certain that he is going to be murdered. Alternate translation: “someone is waiting to murder him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 15:23 k4qm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche for bread 0 Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “for food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 15:23 ul3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the day of darkness 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the day of disaster” or “the moment of his death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 15:23 gu8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom is at hand 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “is coming soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 15:24 vur7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him 0 The words “distress” and “anguish” mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of the emotion. Here these feelings are spoken of as if they were an enemy who is attacking the wicked man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 15:24 e7mb prevail against 0 Alternate translation: “overpower” or “defeat” 15:24 tg34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a king ready for battle 0 This compares how his distress and anguish overpower him to how a king, who is ready for battle, would prevail against him. Alternate translation: “just like a king, who is ready for a battle, would prevail against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 15:25 uuk8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction he has reached out with his hand against God 0 “he has shook his fist against God.” This is a sign of aggression. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 15:26 sx7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor runs at God 0 This speaks of the wicked man acting aggressively against God as if he were running towards him to attack him. Alternate translation: “attacks God” or “acts violently against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:26 b87u with a thick shield 0 Alternate translation: “with his strong shield” 15:27 uc39 This is true 0 “This” refers to the wicked man running at God from the previous verse. 15:27 db71 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins 0 This wicked man is described as fat and weak, while believing himself to be strong enough to defeat God. Alternate translation: “he is weak with a fat face and fat loins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 15:28 ki37 which no man inhabits 0 Alternate translation: “which are abandoned” 15:28 r6h8 heaps 0 piles of useless things 15:29 r891 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes He will not be rich; his wealth will not last 0 These two litotes express that he will be the opposite of rich, that he will be poor. Alternate translation: “he will be poor; all his money will disappear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 15:30 jpq7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy out of darkness 0 Darkness here represents death. Alternate translation: “out of the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 15:30 pm4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a flame will dry up his stalks 0 Here the flame represents God’s judgment and the drying up of his stalks represents either the fact that his possessions disappear, or that he will die. Alternate translation: “God will take everything he owns away, like a fire dries out the moist branches of a tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:30 a9ha rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the breath of God’s mouth 0 Here God’s “breath” represents his judgement. Alternate translation: “God’s breath” or “God’s judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 15:30 rxv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism he will go away 0 This refers to him dying. Alternate translation: “he will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 15:31 lr37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis for uselessness will be his reward 0 This is implied that this is what will happen if he trusts in useless things. Alternate translation: “for if he trusts in them, uselessness will be his reward” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 15:32 s26k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his branch will not be green 0 This speaks of the man looking pale and dead as if he were a dried out stalk or tree branch. Alternate translation: “he will look dead, just like the branch of a dead tree does not look green” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:33 nci7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He will drop his & he will cast off his 0 These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 15:33 beb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine 0 This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were a grapevine dropping unripe grapes. Alternate translation: “Just like a grapevine drops its unripe grapes, so the wicked man will drop his strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:33 g676 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree 0 This speaks of the wicked man growing weak and dying as if he were an olive tree dropping its flowers. Alternate translation: “just like an olive tree loses its flowers, so the wicked man will lose his strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:34 rr5n the company of godless people 0 Alternate translation: “the group of godless people” 15:34 v3q1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession fire will consume their tents of bribery 0 The phrase “tents of bribery” means that the wicked people bought these tents with the money they made by bribery. Alternate translation: “the tents they bought with their bribes will be burned by fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]]) 15:35 x22k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit 0 The same thought is repeated three times to emphasize how much evil these people produce. This speaks of a person planning to do evil things and doing them as if the person were conceiving and giving birth to these things as a woman conceives and gives birth to a child. Alternate translation: “They plan to cause mischief and do evil things; they are always planning to deceive others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 15:35 u7sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their womb conceives 0 Here the “womb” is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate translation: “they conceive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 16:intro j3zc 0 # Job 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s response\nJob expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])\n\n### Advocate\nJob describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) 16:2 t7wj you are all miserable comforters 0 Alternate translation: “instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable” 16:3 p7ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will useless words ever have an end? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to express that he wishes that they would stop speaking useless words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “How I wish your useless words would end!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 16:3 g4tp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is wrong with you that you answer like this? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to rebuke Eliphaz. Here the word “you” is singular and refers to Eliphaz, who just finished speaking to Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Eliphaz, you should stop answering me like this!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 16:4 mg21 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I could collect and join words together 0 Job speaks of thinking of useless things to say as if his words were random items that he collected and joined together. Alternate translation: “I could think of things to say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:4 bv7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction shake my head 0 This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 16:4 x2nq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns in mockery 0 The word “mockery” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “to mock you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 16:5 dvh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the quivering of my lips will bring you relief! 0 The words “mouth” and “lips” are metonyms for the words or messages that a person speaks using his mouth and lips. Here Job is speaking sarcastically and means the opposite of what he says. Alternate translation: “My words would surely not be encouraging to you! They would surely not lighten your grief” or “By speaking to you as you spoke to me earlier, I would not encourage you or lighten your grief!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 16:5 qj4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with my mouth 0 Here Job’s “mouth” represents what he says. Alternate translation: “with what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:5 yyv5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the quivering of my lips 0 This is a metonym for the words or message that he speaks. Alternate translation: “my comforting words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:5 i21i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will bring you relief 0 This speaks of grief as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “will lessen your grief” or “will help you feel less grief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:6 vjz7 grief 0 Job has experienced great loss of family and health that is unexplained and therefore causes him “great sorrow and emotional pain.” 16:6 s8sf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how am I helped? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to express that keeping quiet does not lessen his grief. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “it does not help me at all.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 16:7 t7qh But now, God, you 0 Job now turns his complaining to God. 16:7 mrz6 made all my family desolate 0 Alternate translation: “destroyed all my family” 16:8 z1f4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You have made me dry up 0 This means that Job’s body has shriveled and become wrinkled. Alternate translation: “You have made my body shrivel up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 16:8 pz4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification which itself is a witness against me 0 Job describes the shriveling of his body as if it were an accuser against him. Alternate translation: “and people think that shows me to be a sinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 16:8 t163 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against 0 Job describes the thinness of his body as if it were accuser against him. Alternate translation: “They see how thin my body is, and they think that proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 16:8 wiw6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche against my face 0 Here Job is referred to by his “face.” Alternate translation: “against me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 16:9 a6fe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me & as he tears me apart 0 This speaks of God causing Job pain as if God were a wild animal and Job were his prey that he was killing. Alternate translation: “Because God is very angry with me, it is as though he were a wild animal that tore my body apart with his teeth because he was my enemy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:9 crc6 my enemy 0 Job refers to God as his “enemy” as he describes how he has caused him great pain. 16:9 c555 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom fastens his eyes on me 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “glares at me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 16:10 i21w People have gaped with open mouth 0 To “gape” means to stare in amazement with open mouth. 16:11 j7re rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job’s feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 16:11 mm84 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom hands me over to 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “puts me under the control of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 16:11 zm7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy throws me into the hands 0 Here a person’s “hands” refer to his “control.” Alternate translation: “delivers me to the control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:12 t8kc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and he broke me apart 0 Job speaks of his pain and despair as if he himself were something that was broken into pieces. Alternate translation: “but then it felt as though he broke me apart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:12 k9u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor dashed me to pieces 0 Job speaks of God causing him pain and despair as if he were something that God had taken and smashed into pieces. Alternate translation: “it is as though he has taken me by the neck and smashed me to pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:12 nt7z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has also set me up as his target 0 Job speaks of himself being the focus of God’s attacks as if God has set him up as a target to shoot arrows at. Alternate translation: “it is as though he set me up like a target” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:13 kx4d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor His archers surround me all around 0 Job speaks of himself being the focus of God’s attacks as if God has set him up as a target and God had archers surrounding him to attack him. Alternate translation: “It is as though his archers have me surrounded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:13 e7bp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground 0 Job speaks of the pain he is feeling by comparing it to God piercing his body with arrows. Here “God” represents the arrows that he shoots. Alternate translation: “It feels like God’s arrows have pierced my kidneys and my liver, spilling my bile on the ground. He does not spare me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:14 lx7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He smashes through my wall 0 Job speaks of the pain that he feels by comparing himself to a wall that God smashes through. Alternate translation: “I feel like a wall that God smashes through” or “I feel like a wall that God breaks through” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:14 r9md rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he runs upon me like a warrior 0 Job describes God as a soldier that attacks him. Alternate translation: “it is like he is a warrior who runs at me to attack me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:15 cnt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have sewn sackcloth on my skin 0 Job speaks of wearing clothing made of sackcloth as if the cloth were attached to his body. People often wore sackcloth to express mourning or great grief. Alternate translation: “Because I am mourning, I have sewn together sackcloth to wear as my clothing” or “I wear clothing that I made from sackcloth, because I am mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:15 hil8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have thrust my horn into the ground 0 Job’s “horn” represents the power and authority he had before but now is no more. Alternate translation: “I sit here in the dirt, very depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:16 l1id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche on my eyelids is the shadow of death 0 Here Job’s eyes are represented by his “eyelids.” Job speaks of his eyes’ dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. Alternate translation: “there are dark circles around my eyes” or “my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 16:17 cs74 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy there is no violence in my hands 0 “Hands” refers to a person’s ability and activity. Alternate translation: “I have not acted violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:18 xf2z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe Earth, do not cover up my blood 0 Jobs speaks to the “earth” directly even though it cannot hear him, to add strength to his statement. The earth is personified as purposefully covering up his blood after he dies. Alternate translation: “I wish my blood would not soak into the ground but that it would remain on top of the ground as proof of how I died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 16:18 aj18 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Earth, do not cover up my blood 0 Job speaks of himself dying as if he would be murdered. Here his “blood” is a metonym referring to his death. Alternate translation: “Earth, when I die, do not hide how I died unfairly” or “Let it not be hidden how I died unfairly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 16:18 bg2u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification let my cry have no resting place 0 Job speaks of wanting everyone to know what happened to him as if his “cry” were a person that never stopped testifying to what happened to him and never rested. Alternate translation: “let everyone hear about what has happened to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 16:19 kg4r see 0 Job uses this word to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “listen” 16:19 z7js vouches for me 0 Alternate translation: “testifies that I am righteous” 16:19 dhm2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom on high 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “in heaven” or “in heaven on high” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 16:20 b5wz scoff at 0 Alternate translation: “scorn” or “ridicule” 16:20 v43g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole my eye pours out tears 0 Job describes how strongly he feels his sorrow. Here he exaggerates how he often cries by saying that tears pour from his eyes. Alternate translation: “my eyes are full of tears while I cry out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 16:21 izh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person for this man 0 “for me.” Here Job refers to himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]]) 16:21 kk12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a man does with his neighbor! 0 “as a man does for his neighbor.” Job describes how he wants that one in heaven to plead for him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 16:22 z81v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I will go to a place 0 Here Job is referring to himself dying. Alternate translation: “I will die and go to a place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:intro rs6g 0 # Job 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s grief\nJob expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])\n\n### Advocate\nJob describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) 17:1 c8r6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche My spirit is consumed 0 Job refers to himself by his “spirit” to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate translation: “I am consumed” or “I have lost all of my strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:1 yjx4 my days are over 0 Alternate translation: “my time is over” or “I am going to die soon” 17:1 awv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the grave is ready for me 0 This phrase describes “the grave” as if it is a person who will receive Job as a guest. Alternate translation: “soon I will be dead and buried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 17:2 z26q Surely there are mockers with me 0 Alternate translation: “Those who are around me are mocking me” 17:2 jf81 Surely 0 Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that” 17:2 wp1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my eye must always see 0 Job refers to himself by his “eyes” to emphasize what he sees. Alternate translation: “I must always see” or “I must always hear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 17:2 wr6q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns their provocation 0 “their insults.” The word “provocation” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “them provoking me” or “them, trying to make me angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 17:3 fwk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself 0 Job begins to speak to God. Here he speaks of his situation as if he were in prison. He is asking God to provide a pledge so that he may be released. Alternate translation: “God, give now a pledge so that I may be released from this prison” or “pay for my release from prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:3 l8dv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who else is there who will help me? 0 Job uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that there is no one else to help him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “there is no one else who will help me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 17:4 fbr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche have kept their hearts 0 The word “their” refers to his friends. They are referred to by their “hearts” to emphasize their emotions. Alternate translation: “have kept them” or “have kept my friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 17:4 y4ne you will not exalt them over me 0 Alternate translation: “you will not allow them to triumph over me” 17:5 yxa4 He who 0 Alternate translation: “Anyone who” 17:5 kb8z denounces his friends for a reward 0 Alternate translation: “falsely accuses his friends in order to get a profit” or “betrays his friends to receive a reward” 17:5 i5ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the eyes of his children will fail 0 The person’s children are referred to here by their “eyes.” This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. Alternate translation: “his children will suffer for it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:6 kzr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he has made me a byword of the people 0 This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. Alternate translation: “because of him, people use my name as an insult” or “because of them, people use my name as a byword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:6 me7l rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction they spit in my face 0 “people spit in my face.” In this culture spitting on someone was a great insult. If spitting has a different meaning in your culture you can write this differently. Alternate translation: “people insult me greatly, by spitting in my face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 17:7 a9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My eye is also dim because of sorrow 0 Job speaks of his vision as his “eyes.” Alternate translation: “My vision has become weak because I am so sad” or “I am almost blind because of my sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 17:7 my86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile all my body parts are as thin as shadows 0 Shadows have no thickness and are infinitely thin. That is an exaggeration of how thin Job’s body parts are. Alternate translation: “all my body parts are very thin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 17:7 pis4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole all my body parts 0 This is a generalization used to emphasize that his whole body is thin, but refers specifically to his arms and legs. Alternate translation: “my arms and legs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 17:8 cqh3 will be stunned 0 Alternate translation: “will be shocked” or “will be horrified” 17:8 u28k by this 0 Alternate translation: “by what has happened to me” 17:8 g1f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will stir himself up against 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will be distressed because of” or “will be very angry with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 17:9 r9ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom will keep to his way 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will continue to live in a righteous way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 17:9 lqi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he who has clean hands 0 This speaks of a person being innocent as having clean hands. Alternate translation: “he who does what is right” or “he who is innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:9 lx6m will grow stronger and stronger 0 This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person’s will and emotions. 17:10 e43i you all 0 Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. 17:10 e7nv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit come on now 0 Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. Alternate translation: “come on now, argue with me again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:11 nba8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom My days are past 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “My time is past” or “My life is over” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 17:11 f9nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart 0 Here Job’s “heart” represents his inner being. Alternate translation: “my plans will never happen, nor will the things that I have desired most” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 17:12 m4j6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet These people, these mockers 0 These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job’s friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 17:12 m8i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor change the night into day 0 This speaks of the people claiming that night is day as if they actually changed night into day. Alternate translation: “claim it is daytime when it is night” or “say the opposite of what is true, just as night is the opposite of day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:12 fif1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit light is near to darkness 0 It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. Alternate translation: “they claim that light is near to darkness” or “they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 17:13 pj8i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If the only home & and if I have spread 0 The instances of “if” here have the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if all these things were true. “Since the only home … and since I have spread” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 17:13 h88c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor have spread my couch in the darkness 0 Here Job speaks of being prepared to die as having laid his bed in the darkness. Alternate translation: “have prepared myself to go and sleep among the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:13 kx3d have spread my couch 0 Alternate translation: “have made my bed” 17:14 m7hf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo if I have said 0 The word “if” here has the meaning of “since”; Job is speaking as if this were true. “since I have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 17:14 ud6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I have said to the pit & and to the worm 0 These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 17:14 z4yk the pit 0 Alternate translation: “the grave” 17:14 uwb3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You are my father 0 Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his father. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my father” or “When I am buried, you will be as close to me as a father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:14 nrr3 the worm 0 “the maggot.” Worms are the small creatures that eat dead bodies. 17:14 e6lb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor You are my mother or my sister 0 Job speaks of the closeness he will soon have with the worms in his grave by comparing it to the closeness a man has with his mother and sisters. Alternate translation: “You are as close to me as my mother or my sister” or “You will be as close to me as a mother or sister” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:15 zb7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion where then is my hope? 0 The implicit answer is “nowhere,” because he has no hope. This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I have no hope.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 17:15 g6bv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion As for my hope, who can see any? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that no one expects him to have any hope. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can see any hope for me.” or “No one expects me to have any more hope.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 17:16 h77p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will hope go down with me & dust? 0 The implicit answer is “no.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Hope will not go down with me … dust.” or “I will no longer hope when I go down … dust.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 17:16 yx83 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor gates of Sheol 0 Sheol does not really have gates, but it is a metaphor for Job entering Sheol. Alternate translation: “when I go into Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 17:16 ajw5 when we 0 “when I and the things that I hope for” or “when I and my hopes.” The word “we” refers to Job and his hope. 17:16 z16e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom descend to the dust 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “die and are buried” or “go to the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 18:intro qk5f 0 # Job 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Bildad’s advice\nBildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) 18:1 g41k rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nBildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 18:1 b2sb Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said 0 “Bildad” is the name of a man who is a member of the tribe of Shuah. See how you translated this in [Job 8:1](../08/01.md). 18:2 b4en rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion When will you stop your talk? 0 This rhetorical question means that Job has been talking for too long. Alternate translation: “Stop talking!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 18:2 jpp1 Consider, and 0 Alternate translation: “Be reasonable, and” or “Think about these things, and” 18:3 b16n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are we regarded as beasts, stupid in your sight? 0 Bildad uses this rhetorical questions to emphasize to Job that he should not consider his friends as animals who cannot think or speak. It can be written as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “We should not be regarded as beasts, as stupid in your sight.” or “You should not regard us as beasts or think of us as stupid.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:3 myx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Why are we 0 The word “we” probably refers to Bildad and Job’s other friends and so is exclusive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 18:3 v7r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy regarded 0 Regarding, looking, is a metonym here for thinking well or badly of someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 18:3 yk9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in your sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in your judgment” or “in your thinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:3 pdy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person your sight 0 The word “your” here is plural. Bildad is using sarcasm to tell Job that Job should not think of himself as a great man. Alternate translation: “your sight, you who wrongly think you are great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 18:4 zm4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You who tear at yourself in your anger 0 Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job’s anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God’s anger as Job has previously claimed. The word “tear” here means to “injure.” Alternate translation: “You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 18:4 ug9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places? 0 This rhetorical question suggests that letting Job, whom they consider a guilty man, go free would be like changing the whole world. Bildad uses these huge exaggerations here to emphasize how outrageous he thinks this is. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “asking God to let you, a guilty man, go free is as silly as asking for God to forsake the earth for your sake or for God to move the rocks out of their places to please you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 18:4 r5lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive should the earth be forsaken 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “should everyone leave the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:4 zyh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive should the rocks be removed out of their places 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The word “rocks” here refers to large rocks, such as those in the mountains. Alternate translation: “should God remove the rocks from their places” or “should God move mountains around” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:5 e2fi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine 0 Bildad speaks of a wicked person dying as if his lamp were being blown out. Alternate translation: “What will happen is that the lives of wicked people like you end as quickly as we can put out a light or extinguish the flame of a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:5 d868 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will be put out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “will go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:6 uj2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out 0 Bildad continues to speak of the wicked person dying. He speaks of the wicked man’s life as if it were the light in his tent. Alternate translation: It will be like the light in his tent has turned to darkness, like the lamp above him has gone out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:7 fxl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The steps of his strength will be made short 0 This speaks of the wicked person suddenly experiencing disaster as if he no longer had strength to walk. Alternate translation: “It will be like he no longer has the strength to walk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:7 bgk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his own plans will cast him down 0 “his own advice makes him fall down.” This speaks of the wicked person undergoing disaster as if he fell down. Alternate translation: “his own plans will lead him into disaster” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:8 t3iw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall 0 “His own feet will lead him into a net.” Bildad uses this image to say that the way that a wicked person lives his life leads him to sudden disaster. Alternate translation: “It will be as though he led himself into a net, as if he walked right into a pitfall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:8 fl11 a net 0 cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals. 18:8 wa1n a pitfall 0 a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit 18:9 t6fv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A trap will take him & a snare will 0 These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a trap will take him … a snare will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:9 jr8g A trap 0 People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird. 18:9 dnn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche will take him by the heel 0 Here the “heel” refers to the whole foot. Alternate translation: “will take hold of his foot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 18:10 u5yk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A noose is & and a trap for him in the way 0 These four phrases speak of the wicked man experiencing disaster as if he were caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “It will be as though a noose is … and a trap for him in the way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:10 q4wx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive A noose is hidden for him on the ground 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Someone has hidden a noose on the ground in order to catch him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:10 xp42 A noose 0 a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal’s leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop 18:10 f193 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis a trap for him 0 The understood verbal phrase “is hidden” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “a trap is hidden on the path to catch him” or “someone will hide a trap to catch him in the way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 18:11 e8bw Terrors will make him afraid on every side 0 Alternate translation: “Terrors all around will make him afraid” 18:11 ln1g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification they will chase him at his heels 0 This speaks of the things that terrify the wicked person as if they were enemies who chased him. Alternate translation: “it will be as if the terrors will chase him all around” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 18:12 v7el rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor His wealth will turn into hunger 0 This speaks of the wicked man becoming poor and hungry as if his wealth were something that turned into something else. Alternate translation: “Instead of being wealthy, he will become poor and hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:12 zbs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom calamity will be ready at his side 0 The phrase “ready at his side” is an idiom that means that something is continually present. Alternate translation: “he will continually experience disaster” or “he will not be able to avoid calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 18:13 u5is rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The parts of his body will be devoured 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Also, this speaks of a disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “Disease will eat away at his skin” or “Disease will destroy his skin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:13 mrr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the firstborn of death will devour his parts 0 Here a disease that kills many people is referred to as “the firstborn of death.” This speaks of that disease destroying his body as if it were an animal that had attacked him and was eating him. Alternate translation: “a deadly disease will destroy the different parts of his body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:14 m1gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He is torn from the safety of his tent 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Disaster rips him out of his tent, where he is safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:14 r3dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive marched off 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it marches him off” or “it forces him to go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:14 atl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the king of terrors 0 This is a reference to “King Death,” a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. Alternate translation: “the one who rules over the dead” or “the king of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 18:15 n4sy People not his own 0 Alternate translation: “People who are not his family” 18:15 fpm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home 0 People used sulfur to get rid of any diseases from a dying person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “after they spread sulfur all over his home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:16 uul5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor His roots will be dried up & branch be cut off 0 This speaks of the wicked man dying and having no descendants as if he were a tree whose roots dried up and branches withered, producing no fruit. Alternate translation: “He will die and leave no descendants, he will be like a tree whose roots have dried up and whose branches have all withered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:16 u1by rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will his branch be cut off 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his branches will wither” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:17 y9j9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street 0 These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 18:17 m6xw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor His memory will perish from the earth 0 This speaks of the “memory” of the wicked man as if it were a person who died. Alternate translation: “No one on the earth will remember him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:17 fs6r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he will have no name in the street 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no one walking along the street will even remember his name” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 18:18 k7ju rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He will be driven from light into darkness & and be chased out of this world 0 These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 18:18 er2m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive He will be driven from light into darkness 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will drive the wicked person from light into darkness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:18 w8ix rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from light into darkness 0 The word “light” refers to life, and the word “darkness” refers to death. Alternate translation: “from the light of life to the darkness of death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 18:18 pgz1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor be chased out of this world 0 This speaks of God making him leave earth and go where dead people go as if he were chasing him. Alternate translation: “God will make him leave this world” or “God will send him to the place where dead people go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 18:18 dr9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive be chased out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will chase him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 18:19 u2ga rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He will have no son & nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed 0 Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 18:19 chi9 son’s son 0 Alternate translation: “grandson” or “grandchild” 18:19 asp3 kinfolk 0 Alternate translation: “relatives” 18:20 wn9y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism Those who live in the west & those who live in the east will be frightened by it 0 The phrases “in the west” and “in the east” are together a merism that refers to all people living everywhere. This is an exaggeration as not everyone on the earth will hear about what happened to a specific wicked person. Alternate translation: “Everyone in the whole world will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” or “Many people who live in the east and in the west will be horrified and frightened when they see what happens to the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 18:20 r4pt one day 0 Alternate translation: “someday” 18:21 da3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God 0 These two phrases have the same meaning and refer to the same people. Here these people are referred to by the places where they live. Alternate translation: “unrighteous people, those who do not know God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 19:intro vq57 0 # Job 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.\n\nVerses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job’s faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) 19:1 rlm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nSee: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] 19:1 u8kd Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob speaks to his three friends. 19:2 xxa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words? 0 Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Stop making me suffer and breaking me into pieces with words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 19:2 r3lw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor break me into pieces with words 0 Job uses this image to say that their words make him feel very sad and hopeless. Alternate translation: “torment me with your words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:3 k4th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom These ten times you have reproached me 0 The phrase “These ten times” refers to the way that the friends have completely rebuked Job. Alternate translation: “You have completely reproached me” or “You have reproached me many times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 19:3 uy8e you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly 0 Job is rebuking them for this. This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you have treated me so harshly” 19:3 vjt8 have treated me harshly 0 Alternate translation: “have despised me” or “have publicly ridiculed me” 19:4 f1ee have erred 0 Alternate translation: “have sinned by accident” or “mistakenly sinned” 19:4 bfn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit my error remains my own concern 0 Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. Alternate translation: “my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me” or “my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:4 fb5f my error 0 Alternate translation: “my sin” or “my mistake” 19:5 z7gm If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me 0 Alternate translation: “If you think you are better than I am” or “Since you act as though you are better than I am” 19:5 ms5y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit use my humiliation against me 0 How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “claim that my humiliation is proof against me” or “use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:5 tzm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns use my humiliation against me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **humiliation**, you can express the same idea with the verb “humiliate.” Alternate translation: “claim that what has happened to humiliate me proves that I am guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 19:6 gb9h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor has caught me in his net 0 Job speaks as if God were a hunter that has trapped Job in his net. This metaphor represents God taking control of Job and Job’s feeling of helplessness. Alternate translation: “has trapped me” or “has taken control of me” or “has control of what happens to me, so that I am helpless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:7 bp47 See, I cry out 0 Alternate translation: “Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I cry out” 19:7 zyg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Violence! 0 This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Violence! Help!” or “Help! I am being attacked!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:7 i3lc I call out for help 0 Alternate translation: “I shout for help” or “I cry for help” 19:7 i4w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns but there is no justice 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you can express the same idea with a phrase that makes the meaning clear. Alternate translation: “but no one protects me from those who do me wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:8 dpr7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has walled up & darkness in my path 0 Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:8 ly9g He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass 0 Alternate translation: “God has put a wall on the road that I am walking on” or “He has blocked the way so I cannot keep going” 19:9 wfj7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has stripped & the crown from my head 0 Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:9 hjr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has stripped me of my glory 0 Job speaks of his glory as if it were a robe that God has taken away. Alternate translation: “He has taken away my glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:9 rf7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he has taken the crown from my head 0 The crown refers to Job’s dignity or honor. Alternate translation: “he has taken away my dignity and honor” or “it is as though he has taken my crown off my head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:10 tiq1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has broken me down on every side 0 Job speaks of God ruining him as if Job were building that God is smashing down. Alternate translation: “He has ruined me in every way” or “He has attacked me in every way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:10 r4pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am gone 0 The metaphor “being gone” represents being completely destroyed. Alternate translation: “I am completely destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:10 jd8w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he has pulled up my hope like a tree 0 Job speaks of God causing Job not to have hope as if Job’s hope were a tree that God has pulled with its roots out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he has completely taken away all my hope” or “because of what he has done, I can no longer hope for anything good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 19:10 v64y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a tree 0 This simile is also an ellipsis. You may need to supply the omitted words. Alternate translation: “the way a man pulls a tree up by its roots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 19:11 p3my rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has also kindled his wrath against me 0 Job speaks of God’s wrath as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “God has also lit a fire of anger against me” or “God has also become very angry with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:11 p3pk he regards me as one of his adversaries 0 Alternate translation: “he thinks of me as an enemy” 19:12 wkz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor His troops come on together 0 Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God was sending an army to attack it. Alternate translation: “God sends his army to attack me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:12 z3lb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they cast up siege mounds against me 0 Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was a city and God’s army was piling up dirt against the city wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Alternate translation: “the soldiers pile up dirt in order to climb over my wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:12 fg89 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor encamp around my tent 0 Job speaks of God attacking him as if Job was in his tent and God’s army was camping around him and preparing to attack him. Alternate translation: “they camp around my tent and prepare to attack me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:13 zk2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has put my brothers far from me 0 Being “far from” someone represents being unwilling to relate to him or help him. Alternate translation: “God has caused my brothers to stay away from me” or “God caused my brothers to refuse to help me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:13 iv61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my acquaintances have alienated themselves from me” or “my friends treat me like a stranger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 19:14 m425 My kinsfolk have failed me 0 Alternate translation: “My relatives have left me without help” 19:14 m7pr my close friends 0 Alternate translation: “my intimate friends” 19:14 l2e7 have forgotten me 0 “have abandoned me” or “have neglected me.” This means that they refuse to treat him according to how he and they had related to each other in the past. It implies that they abandoned him. 19:15 kz75 regard me 0 Alternate translation: “consider me” 19:15 y376 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am an alien in their sight 0 Job describes how people now think of him as an outsider. Here sight represents judgement or evaluation. Alternate translation: “they think of me as a foreigner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:16 x8ak but he gives me no answer 0 “but he does not respond to me” or “but he does not come to me.” The answer is a response to Job’s call. 19:16 hds8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy although I entreat him with my mouth 0 The phrase “my mouth” is a metonym which refers to Job speaking. Alternate translation: “even though I speak to him and plead with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 19:16 h3pa entreat him 0 Alternate translation: “plead with him” 19:17 dgg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy My breath is offensive to my wife 0 Here “breath” represents the smell of his breath. If something is offensive to someone, it means that he hates it. Alternate translation: “My wife hates the smell of my breath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 19:17 ufr3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit those who were born from my mother’s womb 0 Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “my own brothers who should love me” or “my brothers and sisters who should love me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:18 wi94 despise me 0 Alternate translation: “hate me” or “detest me” 19:18 fp7g they speak against me 0 Alternate translation: “they ridicule me” or “they make fun of me” 19:19 uf7f All my familiar friends 0 “All my closest friends” or “All of my friends with whom I shared my secrets.” This refers to his closest friends. 19:19 c1c6 abhor me 0 Alternate translation: “think I am disgusting” 19:19 t7hn have turned against me 0 Alternate translation: “have betrayed me” 19:20 lt45 My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh 0 “I am just skin and bones” or “My skin sticks to my bones.” Job speaks of his bones, skin, and flesh to describe his appearance. He was extremely thin, and people could easily see the shape of his bones. Some languages have idioms for this. 19:20 ud4z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom I survive only by the skin of my teeth 0 This idiom means that he is barely surviving, that he almost does not survive. Alternate translation: “I am barely alive” or “I hardly survive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 19:21 ux63 Have pity upon me 0 Alternate translation: “Have compassion on me” 19:21 tbg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for the hand of God has touched me 0 Here “touched me” is a metonym for “hit me.” And, “hand” represents God’s power. Causing Job to suffer is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically hitting him with his hand. Alternate translation: “because God has afflicted me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:22 g28h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you pursue me & God does? 0 Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “Do not persecute me … God does!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 19:22 c296 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh? 0 Job uses this question to complain about how his friends are treating him. Alternate translation: “You have consumed my flesh enough!” or “Stop consuming my flesh!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 19:22 y17f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh? 0 Job speaks of his friends speaking so cruelly to him as if they were wild beasts eating up another animal. Alternate translation: “Stop violently slandering me.” or “Stop attacking me with your words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:23 r9n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, that my words were now written down 0 This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write down my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 19:23 llm4 my words 0 Alternate translation: “what I am saying” 19:23 ti7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, that they were inscribed in a book 0 This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would write them in a book” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 19:24 a2et rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever 0 This exclamation tells what Job wishes for. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I wish that someone would use an iron pen and lead to carve them in the rock forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 19:24 gz9c an iron pen 0 “an iron chisel.” This was a tool used for writing. It was made of iron so that people could carve words in rock. 19:24 nd22 lead 0 Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer. 19:25 q57z my Redeemer 0 “My Defender.” Here “Redeemer” refers to a person who will rescue Job by proving Job’s innocence, restoring his honor, and giving him justice. 19:25 yy3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy at last he will stand on the earth 0 This refers to standing to speak in court. This could mean: (1) the Redeemer will be the last one to speak in the court. Alternate translation: “he will judge whether or not I am guilty” or (2) the Redeemer will stand in this final court to defend Job. Alternate translation: “at last he will defend me in court” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 19:26 t5gt after my skin & is destroyed 0 Possible meanings are that this refers to: (1) his body being destroyed by disease or (2) his body decaying after he has died. 19:26 p2pl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy in my flesh I will see God 0 His flesh represents his body, and “in my flesh” represents being alive. Alternate translation: “while I live in my body, I will see God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 19:27 m1wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my own eyes—I, and not someone else 0 The synecdoche “my own eyes” represents Job. The phrases “my eyes” and “and not someone else” emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 19:27 c3pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My heart fails within me 0 People thought of the heart as being where the emotions are. So the heart failing represents him having very many emotions. Alternate translation: “I am very emotional about it” or “My emotions overwhelm me as I think about that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:27 k566 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit My heart fails within me 0 This could mean: (1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or (2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 19:28 np8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How we will persecute him! 0 This is an exclamation. This could mean: (1) that they will certainly persecute Job or (2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 19:28 ddd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The root of his troubles lies in him 0 The “root” represents the source. Alternate translation: “He is the source of all his troubles” or “He has all these troubles because of what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 19:29 tw35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy then be afraid of the sword 0 Possible meanings are that the sword represents: (1) God judging them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will judge you” or (2) God killing them. Alternate translation: “then be afraid that God will kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 19:29 t8gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because wrath brings the punishment of the sword 0 The abstract nouns “wrath” and “punishment” can be expressed with the adjective “angry” and the verb “punish.” This could mean: (1) God’s anger results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because God will be angry with you and punish you” or (2) the anger of Job’s friends results in punishment. Alternate translation: “because if you are so angry with me, God will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 19:29 yy9j brings 0 Alternate translation: “causes” or “results in” 19:29 n1i1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns there is a judgment 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **judgment**, you can express the same idea with the verb “judge.” Alternate translation: “God judges people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:intro p78g 0 # Job 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job’s friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Zophar’s advice\nZophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Metaphors\nThere are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God’s punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:1 p292 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nZophar replies to Job. 20:1 chh1 Zophar the Naamathite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). Since this is the second time that Zophar speaks, some translations omit “the Naamathite” here. 20:2 eef1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My thoughts make me answer quickly 0 The idea of Zophar’s thoughts making him do something represents his strong desire to do something. Alternate translation: “I want very much to answer you quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:2 wy6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns because of the worry that is in me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **worry**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “worried.” The reason for the worry can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “because I am very worried about you” or “because I am very worried because of what you said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 20:3 m5c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I hear a rebuke that dishonors me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “I hear you rebuke me, and what you say dishonors me” or “You insult me by how you rebuke me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:3 y21q a spirit from my understanding answers me 0 Here “spirit” probably refers to a thought or idea. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me” 20:3 pk2s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification a spirit from my understanding answers me 0 This “spirit” or thought is spoken of as if it were a person that could answer Zophar. Alternate translation: “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know what I wanted to know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 20:3 dt4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a spirit from my understanding answers me 0 The content of the answer can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you” or “I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 20:3 dha7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns a spirit from my understanding answers me 0 The abstract nouns “spirit” and “understanding” can be expressed with the verbs “think” and “understand.” Alternate translation: “because I understand things, I have thought, and now I know how I can reply to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:4 um5p Do you not know this fact from ancient times & man on earth 0 Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. 20:5 cr4t Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nZophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4. 20:5 nhc5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion the triumph & for a moment? 0 Zophar uses a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Surely you know … man on earth; the triumph … for a moment.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 20:5 ubq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the triumph of a wicked man is short 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **triumph**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “triumph” or “celebrate.” Alternate translation: “the wicked man triumphs only a short time” or “the wicked person celebrates for only a little while” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:5 u62f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you can express the same idea with the verb “rejoice” or the adjective “happy.” The word “moment” is an exaggeration to emphasize that the time is very short. Alternate translation: “a godless man rejoices for only a moment” or “the godless man is happy for only a very short time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 20:6 jjd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Though his height reaches up to the heavens 0 “Though the wicked person’s height reaches up to the heavens.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **height**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “tall.” Alternate translation: “Though he is as tall as the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:6 v8z8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Though his height reaches up to the heavens 0 The wicked man’s height represents either his reputation or his pride. Also, here “reaches up to the heavens” represents being very great. Alternate translation: “Though his reputation is great” or “Though his pride is great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:6 by93 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his head reaches to the clouds 0 “and though his head is as high as the clouds.” This also represents his reputation or pride being great. This means the same as the previous phrase. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 20:7 b9xv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile will perish permanently like his own feces 0 Feces mixes in with the ground and disappears. The reference to feces may also imply that the wicked person is worthless. Alternate translation: “will perish permanently like his feces, which completely disappears in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 20:7 x122 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile will perish permanently like his own feces 0 If people are embarrassed about the word feces, translators may refer to something else that disappears completely. Alternate translation: “will disappear permanently like dust that the wind blows away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 20:8 sfs4 He will 0 Alternate translation: “The wicked person will” 20:8 rep3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism He will fly away like a dream & he will be chased away like a vision of the night 0 Here “fly away” and “be chased away” represent disappearing. They may also imply being forgotten, since dreams and visions disappear when people forget them. Alternate translation: “He will disappear like a dream … he will be forgotten like a vision of the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 20:8 byk9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will not be found 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will find him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 20:9 xu8t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The eye that saw him 0 The eye represents a person. Alternate translation: “Anyone who saw him” or “The people who saw him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 20:9 x7cu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his place 0 The phrase “his place” represents those who live in his place. Alternate translation: “the people who live in his place” or “his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:10 v5ee His children 0 Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s children” 20:10 lji7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his hands will have to give back his wealth 0 Here the word “hands” refers to the wicked man’s children. When he dies, his children will have to return everything that he took from others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:11 re6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche His bones are full of youthful strength 0 The word “bones” represents his body. Being “full of youthful strength” represents being strong like a young person. Alternate translation: “His body is strong like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:11 je7r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy but it will lie down with him in the dust 0 The word “it” refers to his youthful strength. The metonym “lie down … in the dust” represents dying. The strength dying is a metaphor for disappearing. Alternate translation: “but his youthful strength will die with him” or “but his youthful strength will disappear when he dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:12 w36z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth 0 Here “wickedness is sweet” represents a person enjoying doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “Although doing wicked things is pleasurable like tasting sweet food in the mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:12 nj4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor although he hides it under his tongue 0 Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:13 d1n2 he holds it there and does not let it go but keeps it still in his mouth 0 Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor) 20:14 n7jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the food in his intestines turns bitter 0 When food turns bitter in the stomach, it causes pain and a bitter taste. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the painful consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “those wicked things become like food that has turned bitter in the stomach” or “the consequences of those wicked things are painful like food that becomes sour in the stomach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:14 zrn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it becomes the poison of asps inside him 0 This image is even worse than sour food in the stomach. This is a metaphor for a person experiencing the terrible consequences of doing wicked things. Alternate translation: “the consequences of doing those wicked things are painful like the poison of asps inside him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:14 lnj1 asps 0 poisonous snakes 20:15 hs62 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He swallows down riches & cast them out of his stomach 0 Zophar speaks of gaining and losing wealth as if it were food that a person eats and vomits. Alternate translation: “The wicked person becomes very wealthy, but he loses his wealth like a person who vomits up his food. God causes him to lose it all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:15 r51k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He swallows down riches 0 Here, **swallows down riche** could mean: (1) accumulating riches and storing them selfishly. Alternate translation: “The wicked man gains much wealth and keeps it all for himself” or (2) accumulating riches in wicked ways. Alternate translation: “The wicked man steals many riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:15 t47g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy God will cast them out of his stomach 0 Here “cast them out of his stomach” is a metonym for causing the man to vomit them. This is a metaphor for causing the man to lose his riches. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:15 iu2m cast 0 throw 20:16 l7yk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will suck the poison of asps 0 Here “suck the poison of asps” represents doing evil things. Both are very dangerous. Alternate translation: “Doing evil things is like sucking the poison of asps” or “He will do evil things and endanger his life like a person who sucks the poison of asps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:16 dg2b asps 0 poisonous snakes 20:16 m2pa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the viper’s tongue will kill him 0 The viper is a poisonous snake. Its tongue represents its poisonous bite. Alternate translation: “the viper’s poisonous bite will kill him” or “the viper will bite him and he will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:16 rf6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the viper’s tongue will kill him 0 The viper represents the man’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will kill him like a viper’s bite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:17 nb52 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the streams, the torrents of honey and butter 0 “Streams” and “torrents” are metaphors that represent abundance. “Honey” and “butter” are metonyms that represent the good things that God gives people. Alternate translation: “the abundance of good things that God gives his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:18 th8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the fruit of his labor 0 Normally “the fruit of his labor” simply refers to the results of his labor. In this case it refers to the things the wicked man had stolen. Alternate translation: “the things he had worked to get” or “the things he had stolen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 20:18 w9e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will not be able to eat it 0 Here “to eat” the fruit of his labor represents enjoying the things he had stolen. Alternate translation: “will not be able to enjoy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:21 e2vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives There is nothing left that he did not devour 0 This can be reworded with only one of the negatives. Alternate translation: “He devoured everything, and there is nothing left” or “There is nothing left because he devoured everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) 20:21 zi35 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There is nothing left that he did not devour 0 Here “devour” represents taking things for himself. Alternate translation: “There is nothing left that he did not take for himself” or “He took everything for himself, and there is nothing left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:22 k3n2 he will fall into trouble 0 Alternate translation: “he will suddenly experience trouble” 20:22 tq3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him 0 Here “hand” represents power, and “hand … will come against him” represents people attacking him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “poor.” Alternate translation: “everyone who is in poverty will attack him” or “everyone who is poor will attack him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 20:23 d4yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to fill his stomach 0 Here “fill his stomach” is a metonym meaning eat a lot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:23 kha9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him 0 The “fierceness of his wrath” represents God’s anger and punishment. Throwing the punishment on him represents punishing him severely. Alternate translation: “God will be angry and throw down his punishment on him” or “God will be angry and punish him severely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:23 i6l2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God will rain it down on him 0 “God will cause it to rain down on him.” Here “rain it down on him” represents causing much punishment to happen to the man. Alternate translation: “God will punish him severely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:24 x5uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will flee from the iron weapon 0 The iron weapon represents the person carrying it. Alternate translation: “will flee from the person carrying an iron weapon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:24 kj9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a bow of bronze will shoot him 0 The bow represents the person who shoots an arrow with it. Alternate translation: “someone with a bronze bow will shoot him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:25 x7rq liver 0 This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die. 20:25 puf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Terrors come over him 0 He will suddenly become very afraid. Alternate translation: “he is terrified” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:26 w5yg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures 0 “Complete darkness” here is a metaphor for destruction. Alternate translation: “Destruction is reserved for his treasures” or “His treasures will be destroyed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:26 syj5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a fire not fanned will devour him 0 Here “devour” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not fanned will destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:26 w47r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit a fire not fanned will devour him 0 The phrase “not fanned” implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. Alternate translation: “a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him” or “God will cause a fire to destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 20:26 qsw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it will consume 0 Here “consume” is a metaphor meaning destroy. Alternate translation: “the fire will destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:27 v1vg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy The heavens & the earth 0 Possible meanings are: (1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or (2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 20:28 pfc3 General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis concludes Zophar’s speech to Job. 20:28 u2v7 vanish 0 disappear 20:28 r6s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his goods will flow away on 0 Here “flow away” represents being taken away from him. Alternate translation: “his goods will be taken away from him, like goods that float away in a flood, on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:28 wi73 his goods 0 Alternate translation: “his possessions” 20:28 e2e8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the day of God’s wrath 0 Here “wrath” represents punishment. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wrath**, you can express the same idea with the verb punish. Alternate translation: “the day when God punishes people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 20:29 d9w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor This is the wicked man’s portion from God 0 Here “portion from God” represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him. Alternate translation: “This is what God has decided should happen to the wicked man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 20:29 a1s8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the heritage reserved for him by God 0 This represents what God has decided should happen to someone. It is spoken of as if it were something that God would give him as an inheritance. Alternate translation: “what God has planned to give to him” or “what God has planned should happen to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 21:intro k6tx 0 # Job 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Ancestor’s sin\nIn the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father’s sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father’s sin. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:1 l3vp Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob begins to answer Zophar’s accusations. 21:3 x7gy Put up with me 0 Alternate translation: “Allow me” or “Be patient with me” 21:3 w3a4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony mock on 0 “you can continue mocking me.” Job is using sarcasm to imply that his friends would ignore what he would say and continue to mock him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 21:4 ztr6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:4 d6w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient? 0 Job uses questions to emphasize that he thinks it is fair for him to complain to God. Alternate translation: “I am not complaining to a person. I have the right to be impatient” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:5 lu7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction lay your hand upon your mouth 0 “cover your mouth with your hand.” Possible meanings are that: (1) this is a response to being astonished. Alternate translation: “cover your mouth with your hand” or (2) this is a symbol that the person will not speak. Alternate translation: “do not say anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 21:6 f8uu trembling seizes my body 0 Alternate translation: “fear causes my body to tremble” or “I shake with fear” 21:7 suz1 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:7 i446 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power? 0 Job uses this question to show that his friends are wrong to think evil men always suffer. Alternate translation: “Wicked people indeed continue to live, become old, and become wealthier.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:8 w7je rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Their descendants are established with them in their sight & their offspring are established before their eyes 0 This two clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that this is true. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 21:8 n4np rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism in their sight & before their eyes 0 These phrases mean the same thing because “eyes” refers to sight. Wicked people get to watch their descendants grow strong and wealthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 21:9 e8z5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Their houses 0 Here “houses” refers to the family members that lives in them. Alternate translation: “Their families” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 21:9 u9sb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy rod of God 0 This refers to God’s punishment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 21:10 v7y4 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:10 za7c does not lose her calf prematurely 0 Alternate translation: “she does not miscarry” or “her calf is born healthy and strong” 21:11 f9ae rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile little ones like a flock 0 Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 21:12 w5nf rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown tambourine 0 a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 21:13 elg8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking with his friends. 21:13 s7tf their days 0 Alternate translation: “their lifetime” 21:13 bx7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism they go down quietly to Sheol 0 This is a polite way of saying that they die. Alternate translation: “they die peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 21:14 fm9x your ways 0 This refers to how God wants people to behave. 21:15 k5g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him? 0 The wicked people use these questions to mock God. Alternate translation: “We do not believe that this Almighty God is worthy of our worship. He can do nothing for us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:16 ke4m Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:16 t984 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy See, is not their prosperity in their own hands? 0 Here “hands” refers to their power or control. Job uses this question to challenge his friends. Alternate translation: “Look, these wicked people claim that they make themselves prosper!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:17 d4mw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How often is it & their calamity comes upon them? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … their calamity comes upon them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:17 c9nn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of wicked people is put out 0 Job compares extinguishing the lamp to a person dying. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that God causes them to die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 21:17 g7cl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the lamp of wicked people 0 Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 21:17 bmg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How often does it happen & in his anger? 0 Job uses this second question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … in his anger.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:18 lhr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How often is it & the storm carries away? 0 Job uses this third question to emphasize that it seems to him that God does not punish the wicked very often. Alternate translation: “It is not often … the storm carries away.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:18 a6g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away 0 The death of the wicked is spoken of as if they were worthless less chaff and stubble that blows away. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God takes them away like the wind blows away the chaff” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 21:19 sac1 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:19 gwj5 You say 0 These words are added by most versions in order to make it clear that the Job is quoting his friends in the next statement. 21:19 ev9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God lays up one’s guilt for his children to pay 0 Guilt is spoken of as something that can be stored for later use. Here “to pay” refers to punishment for sin. Alternate translation: “God keeps a record of a person’s sins, then he punishes the person’s children for his wicked deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 21:19 iyl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Let him pay it himself, & know his guilt 0 Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly using an indirect quotation. “But I say that he should pay it himself, … know his guilt’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 21:20 j2ut rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Let his eyes see 0 Here “eyes” refers to the person. Alternate translation: “Let him see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 21:20 wq4y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty 0 Here the wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a drink that a person can taste, and tasting is a metonym for experiencing the drink. Job wants the wicked person to experience God’s punishment. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 21:21 vtu2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off? 0 Job uses this question to show that punishing the evil man’s children is not effective. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “For the wicked man does not care what happens to his family after he has died!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 21:21 rky2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the number of his months is cut off 0 This is a polite way of saying that he dies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 21:21 m58j the number of his months 0 This refers to the length of his life. 21:22 yte9 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:22 ail2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high? 0 Job asks this question to emphasize that God knows everything. Alternate translation: “Obviously, no one can teach anything to God since he even judges those in heaven.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:22 x9p8 those who are high 0 This could mean: (1) “those who are in heaven” or (2) “powerful people.” 21:23 krv3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit One man dies in his full strength 0 Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](../21/25.md). You can make this explicit. Alternate translation: “If there are two men, one may die in his full strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 21:24 mli3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism His body is full of milk & the marrow of his bones is moist 0 Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 21:24 sa7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom His body is full of milk 0 The word for “milk” may mean “fat.” Either rendering means he is well-fed. Alternate translation: “His body if full of fat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 21:24 uug7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the marrow of his bones is moist 0 This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 21:25 k7cw Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:25 s5ge Another man dies 0 Job contrasts this man to the man who dies in peace in [Job 21:23](../21/23.md). 21:25 m7zq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in bitterness of soul 0 Here sorrow is spoken of as if it tasted bitter, and “soul” refers to the whole man. Alternate translation: “with anger and resentment” or “after living a sad life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 21:25 xpm3 has never experienced anything good 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “has experienced only bad things” 21:26 fc95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism They lie down alike in the dust 0 This is a polite way to say that they died. Alternate translation: “They both die and people bury them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 21:26 tyf2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the worms cover them both 0 Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. Alternate translation: “the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 21:27 veu9 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:27 jy5r See 0 Job uses this phrase to call attention to the statement that follows. Alternate translation: “Listen” 21:28 n1y2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked man once lived? 0 Job believes his friends will ask these question to scold him. Both questions mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “See, the house of the evil ruler is gone. The tent of the wicked man has disappeared.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 21:29 czd4 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:29 asa9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you never asked traveling people? 0 Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. Alternate translation: “You should listen to those who have traveled to distant places.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:30 q7hn Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob finishes asking a rhetorical question that begins with the words “Do you not know” in verse 29. 21:30 x25q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion the wicked man is kept & from the day of wrath? 0 Job uses these questions to rebuke his friends for not learning from people who travel. “Those who have traveled to distant places will tell you … from the day of wrath.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:30 wy2e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity & he is led away from the day of wrath 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps the wicked man from the day of calamity … God leads him away from the day of wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 21:31 ri98 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to his friends. 21:31 b6yh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who will condemn the wicked man’s way to his face? 0 Job uses this question to contradict his friends’ belief that the wicked are always judged. Alternate translation: “No one condemns the wicked man to his face.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:31 wlf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom to his face 0 This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 21:31 wn61 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who will repay him for what he has done? 0 Job uses this question to contradict his friends’ belief that the wicked are always judged. Alternate translation: “No one repays him for the bad things that he has done.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 21:32 g68a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be borne 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will carry him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 21:33 eqt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The clods of the valley will be sweet to him 0 Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. “Clods” refer to the earth that covers the grave. Alternate translation: “He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley” or “He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 21:33 p9wd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him 0 Job emphasizes that a large crowd of people will be in the funeral procession of this imaginary wicked man to honor him. Alternate translation: “a huge number of people go to the grave site; some go in front of the procession and some come behind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 21:34 aa8a Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis concludes Job’s speech to his friends. 21:34 j6yy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood? 0 Job uses a question to scold his friends. Alternate translation: “You cannot comfort me with nonsense. All of your answers are false.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:intro m13v 0 # Job 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Repentance\nEliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nEliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:1 cea8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Eliphaz the Temanite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 22:2 r9kd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him? 0 Both questions mean basically the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that a person’s actions and wisdom do not benefit God. Alternate translation: “A man cannot be useful to God. A wise man cannot be useful to him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:3 h3pe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless? 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Eliphaz uses questions to emphasize that Job’s actions do not help God. Alternate translation: “The Almighty does not receive any pleasure if you are righteous. He does not gain anything if you make your ways blameless.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:4 g1nn Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:4 s9qh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment? 0 Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. Alternate translation: “It is certainly not because you have been devoted to him that God rebukes you and takes you to judgment!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:5 zd3w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities? 0 Eliphaz uses questions to scold Job and accuse him of committing terrible sins. Alternate translation: “As you know, he judges you because your wickedness is great and you keep on sinning!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:6 z1dn Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:6 hip2 you have demanded guarantee of a loan 0 This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. 22:6 qq5g you have stripped away clothing from the naked 0 Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him. 22:7 q9nb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche withheld bread 0 Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “withheld food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 22:8 dj3n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism possessed the earth & lived in it 0 Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 22:8 gry9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole possessed the earth 0 Eliphaz is exaggerating the amount of land that Job owned in order to portray Job as greedy. Alternate translation: “possessed a great amount of land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 22:9 ti2j Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:9 u5gg You have sent widows away empty 0 Alternate translation: “You made widows go away with nothing” 22:9 kyr7 widows 0 women whose husbands have died 22:9 pdd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the arms of the fatherless have been broken 0 Here “arms” refer to power. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you even oppressed orphans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:10 wdg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor snares are all around you & sudden fear troubles you 0 These are metaphors for trouble and danger. Alternate translation: “you are always in danger … you become afraid for no reason” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 22:11 kz5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor There is darkness & an abundance of waters covers you 0 Each of these metaphors means troubles and dangers are all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 22:11 a6pa an abundance of waters 0 Alternate translation: “a flood” 22:12 n1zi Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:12 st8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is not God in the heights of heaven? 0 Eliphaz uses this question to say that God sees Job’s sin and will judge him. Alternate translation: “God is in the heights of heaven and sees everything that happens on earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 22:12 rtk3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Look at the height of the stars, how high they are! 0 Eliphaz implies that God is higher than the stars. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Look at how high the stars are. God is even higher than the stars!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 22:13 y6zh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness? 0 Eliphaz uses these questions to imply that Job has said these things against God. Alternate translation: “God does not know what happens on earth. He sits in dark clouds and cannot see to judge us.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:14 x5ap rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he walks on the vault of heaven 0 Here “vault” refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. Alternate translation: “he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 22:15 cvp4 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:16 iid8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor those who were snatched away 0 Dying is compared to God snatching them away. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “those who died” or “those whom God took away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:16 lc5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile those whose foundations have washed away like a river 0 The death of wicked people is compared to buildings that had their foundations washed away by a flood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 22:17 q2mt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What can the Almighty do to us? 0 Eliphaz quotes a question wicked people use to mock God. Alternate translation: “The Almighty cannot do anything to us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 22:18 nr68 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:18 jh2r Yet he filled 0 Alternate translation: “Yet God filled” 22:18 l57x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the plans of wicked people are far from me 0 The idiom “far from me” means Eliphaz rejects them. Alternate translation: “but I will not listen to their wicked plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 22:19 ku9s see their fate 0 Alternate translation: “know what will happen to the wicked” 22:19 q2jl laugh them to scorn 0 Alternate translation: “mock the wicked people” 22:20 j4fq They say 0 Alternate translation: “The righteous say” 22:20 jwg8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Surely those who rose up against us are cut off 0 Here “those who rose up” refers to the wicked people. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Surely God has destroyed the wicked people who harmed us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:21 z6jk Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:21 aj2c Now 0 Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say. 22:22 ll7g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy instruction from his mouth 0 Here “from his mouth” represents what God has spoken. Alternate translation: “the instruction that God has spoken” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 22:22 dp7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom store up his words 0 God’s words are compared to treasures that Job could keep in a storeroom. Alternate translation: “treasure his commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 22:22 y867 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy your heart 0 Here “heart” refers to Job’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “your mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 22:23 x1jk Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:23 mz1i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will be built up 0 Eliphaz compares Job’s restoration to the rebuilding of a house that has fallen. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will heal you and make you prosper again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:23 kbt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents 0 Unrighteousness is pictured as a person who is living in Job’s tent who must be removed. Alternate translation: “if you and everyone in your house stops sinning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 22:24 u6qk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom Lay your treasure down in the dust 0 To lay a treasure in the dust is to treat it as unimportant. Alternate translation: “Consider your riches as unimportant as dust” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 22:24 m1gk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks 0 To put gold in the stream is to treat it as no more valuable than stones. Alternate translation: “the gold of Ophir is as worthless as stones in a stream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 22:24 g8dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ophir 0 This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 22:25 wg73 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you 0 This means God will be more valuable to Job than any treasure. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 22:26 wd8v Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nEliphaz continues speaking to Job. 22:26 l352 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom you will lift up your face to God 0 This means Job will no longer be ashamed but will trust in God. Alternate translation: “you will be able to approach God confidently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 22:28 ldp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it will be confirmed for you 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will cause you to succeed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:28 k1nu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor light will shine on your paths 0 God’s blessing is compared to a light on all of Job’s paths. Alternate translation: “it will be like a light shining on the road in front of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 22:29 yck5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis concludes Eliphaz’s speech to Job. 22:29 xgw4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the one with lowered eyes 0 Here “lowered eyes” refers to humility. Alternate translation: “the humble person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 22:30 f84n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands 0 Job being innocent is spoken of as if his hands were physically clean. The phrase “who will be rescued” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will rescue even the person who is not innocent because you do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 22:30 wrz4 He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands 0 Some versions of the Bible read, “He rescues the innocent person; so he will rescue you when your hands are clean” 23:intro fb42 0 # Job 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Court\nThis chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 23:2 fi9s Even today my complaint is bitter 0 Here “Even today” emphasizes that his friends arguments have not changed Job’s situation at all. Alternate translation: “In spite of what you have said, my complaint is still bitter” 23:2 ke1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom my complaint is bitter 0 Job speaks of his unanswered complaint against God as if it was a bitter taste in his mouth. Alternate translation: “my unanswered complaint is as bad as bitter food in my mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 23:2 cm2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand & heavy because of my groaning 0 This could mean: (1) “I can barely lift my hand because of my groaning” or (2) “God’s hand continues to make me suffer in spite of my groaning” where “hand” refers to God’s power to punish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 23:3 k3e2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 23:3 pn2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Oh, that I knew where & Oh, that I might come 0 These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 23:3 rpr9 I might find him 0 Alternate translation: “I might find God” 23:4 u14t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism lay my case & fill my mouth 0 These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to explain his situation to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 23:4 vtm3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy fill my mouth with arguments 0 Here “fill my mouth” refers to speaking. Alternate translation: “I would speak all of my arguments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 23:5 jln8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I would learn the words & would understand 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize Job’s desire to hear God’s answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 23:5 s5td the words with which he would answer me 0 Alternate translation: “the answer that he would give me” 23:6 p72s Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 23:6 tw6n Would he 0 Alternate translation: “Would God” 23:7 lx63 There 0 This refers to the place where God is. 23:7 aw1l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I would be acquitted forever by my judge 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “my judge would acquit me forever” or “God, who is my judge, would say that I am innocent once and for all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 23:8 tfb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism 0 Job continues speaking. He begins using a merism to say that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 23:9 ja9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism north & south 0 This is the end of the merism that begins with the words “eastward … westward” in verse 8. By mentioning these four directions, Job emphasizes that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) 23:9 br9j where he hides himself 0 Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides. 23:10 x7cb Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 23:10 lq4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he knows the way that I take 0 Job’s actions are spoken of as if he is walking on a path. Alternate translation: “God knows what I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 23:10 v4c5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I will come out like gold 0 Job believes that the test will prove that he is as pure as refined gold. Alternate translation: “he will see that I am as pure as gold when anything not pure has been burned away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 23:11 w13v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche My foot has held fast to his steps 0 Here “My foot” refers to Job. Alternate translation: “I have followed the path he has shown me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 23:11 xw5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have kept to his way 0 Job’s obedience is spoken of as if he is walking in a path that God showed him. Alternate translation: “I have done what he told me to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 23:11 gk1e turned not aside 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “followed it exactly” 23:12 fg26 I have not gone back from 0 This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I have always obeyed” 23:12 m22y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy of his lips 0 This phrase refers to the message that God spoke. Alternate translation: “that he spoke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 23:12 tcz4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the words of his mouth 0 Here God is represented by his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 23:13 xe4e Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 23:13 l1d5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that there is no one like God and no one can force him to change. Alternate translation: “But there is no one like him, and nobody can make him change his mind.” or “But he alone is God, and no one can influence him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 23:13 if99 What he desires, he does 0 Alternate translation: “He does whatever he wants to do” 23:14 g641 he carries out his decree against me 0 Alternate translation: “he is doing to me what he said he would do” 23:14 i8u2 there are many like them 0 Alternate translation: “he has many similar plans for me” 23:15 n27i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nEach of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 23:15 sw44 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 23:16 p6ma rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me 0 These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 23:16 d4fw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom made my heart weak 0 A person whose heart is weak is a person who is timid or fearful. Alternate translation: “made me afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 23:17 dng4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I have not been brought to an end by darkness 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) “The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent” or (2) “Darkness has not stopped me” or “God has stopped me, not the darkness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 23:17 qpa8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the gloom of my face 0 Here Job refers to himself by his “face.” Alternate translation: “my sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 24:intro e2gb 0 # Job 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Eliphaz. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Court\nThis chapter uses an extended metaphor of a court case to describe Job’s “case,” which he seeks to bring to Yahweh, who is a judge. Cultures without a legal system will have difficulty translating this chapter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nJob uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 24:1 mg7h Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:1 thc8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty? 0 Job uses this question to express his frustration that God has not judged evil. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I do not understand why God does not set a time when he will judge wicked people.” or “The Almighty should set a time when he will judge wicked people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 24:1 ej3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come? 0 Job uses this question to express his frustration that the righteous have not seen God judge evil. Alternate translation: “It seems that those who obey him never get to see him judge the wicked.” or “God should show the day he will judge the wicked to those who know him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 24:2 h88w Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:2 pse5 boundary markers 0 These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people. 24:2 mn98 pastures 0 land with grass for animals to eat 24:3 fml5 They drive away 0 Alternate translation: “They steal” 24:3 y9i2 those without fathers 0 Alternate translation: “orphans” or “children whose parents have died” 24:3 m884 they take the widow’s ox as security 0 Alternate translation: “they take widows’ oxen to guarantee that the widows will pay back the money that they loaned to those widows” 24:3 e6wc widow 0 a woman whose husband has died 24:3 uu5w as security 0 A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. 24:4 lzi7 out of their path 0 Alternate translation: “out of their way” or “off the road” 24:4 r5d2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole poor people of the earth all hide themselves 0 The word “all” is an exaggeration to show that many poor people are afraid of these wicked people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 24:5 d79k Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:5 m813 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile these poor people go out to their work like wild donkeys in the wilderness, looking carefully for food 0 These poor people are spoken of as if they are wild donkeys who do not know where they will find food. Alternate translation: “these poor people go out to search for food as if they were wild donkeys in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 24:5 yaj6 wild donkeys 0 Alternate translation: “donkeys that no one owns or cares for” 24:6 j8dx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Poor people reap in the night & they glean grapes 0 These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people are so hungry that they are forced to steal food at night. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 24:7 u7w8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism They lie naked & they have no covering 0 These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people do not have enough clothing to keep warm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 24:8 a2gx Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:8 j5eb They are wet with the showers of the mountains 0 Alternate translation: “They become wet when it rains in the mountains” 24:9 t1ki rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche orphans from their mothers’ breast 0 Here “breast” refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “young orphans out of their mothers’ arms” or “fatherless infants from their mothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 24:9 ahj1 orphans 0 This generally refers to children without parents. Here, however, it is used for children who have mothers but do not have fathers. 24:9 ma3c take children as security from poor people 0 Alternate translation: “take poor people’s children to guarantee that the poor people will pay back money that they borrowed from the wicked people” 24:9 yq41 as security 0 A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. See how you translated this in [Job 24:3](../24/03.md). 24:10 u922 go about 0 Alternate translation: “walk around” 24:10 eps1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet naked without clothing 0 The words “without clothing” mean the same thing as “naked.” Alternate translation: “completely naked” or “naked because they have no clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 24:10 qj7x they carry bundles of grain belonging to other people 0 This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves. 24:11 fp3g Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:11 rks1 The poor people make oil 0 they squeezed olives in order to extract olive oil from them 24:11 mr4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche within the walls of those wicked men 0 Here “walls” refers to the whole house. Alternate translation: “in the houses of those evil men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 24:11 z8b4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit they tread the wicked men’s winepresses 0 It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. Alternate translation: “they tread on grapes to make juice for wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 24:11 a1m7 they themselves suffer thirst 0 Alternate translation: “they suffer from thirst” or “they are thirsty” 24:13 m581 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:13 dl4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor rebel against the light 0 Here, **light** could mean: (1) visible light or (2) spiritual light, which refers to God or living righteously. Alternate translation: “hate the daylight” or “do not want to do things openly” or “rebel against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 24:13 djk4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths 0 These two lines describe the same thing, and are used together to emphasize that they do not want to follow the ways of the light. Alternate translation: “they do not know how to live a moral life; they stay far away from living a righteous life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 24:14 u116 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet poor and needy people 0 The words “poor” and “needy” refer to the same group of people and emphasize that these are people who are unable to help themselves. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 24:14 d2ft rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he is like a thief 0 The murderer kills in secret just like a thief steals without anyone seeing what he does. Alternate translation: “he kills people secretly, just like a thief steals secretly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 24:15 jp3l Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:15 mza9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the eye of the adulterer 0 Here “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “the adulterer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 24:15 ymp3 for the twilight 0 Alternate translation: “for the sunset” 24:15 ewy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche No eye will see me 0 Here “eye” refers to the whole person. Alternate translation: “No one will see me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 24:16 c35g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit wicked people dig into houses 0 They dig into the houses in order to steal from them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked people dig into houses to steal from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 24:16 k9sq they shut themselves up 0 Alternate translation: “they hide inside” 24:17 g55x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile For all of them, thick darkness is like the morning 0 The thick darkness is as comfortable for the wicked as light of the morning is for normal people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 24:17 y5ib the terrors of thick darkness 0 Alternate translation: “the scary things that happen at night” 24:18 ay3v Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:18 f772 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like foam on the surface of the waters 0 Foam lasts only a short time. This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 24:18 lat6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive their portion of the land is cursed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God curses the part of the land that they own” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 24:19 b8g4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile As drought and heat melt away & those who have sinned 0 Job says that sinners will disappear in Sheol in the same way as snow melts and disappears when it becomes warm. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 24:19 u6db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys drought and heat 0 These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) 24:20 hnl6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:20 dg9v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche The womb 0 This refers to the mother. Alternate translation: “The mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 24:20 ja3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the worm will feed sweetly on him 0 This means that he will die and worms will eat his body. Alternate translation: “the worm will enjoy eating his dead body” or “he will die and then his body will be eaten by worms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 24:20 auf1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he will be remembered no more 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “no one will remember him anymore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 24:20 k6gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor wickedness will be broken like a tree 0 God’s destruction of the wicked man is describes as if he were cutting down a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will destroy the wicked as if he were a tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 24:21 ys4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The wicked one devours 0 This metaphor emphasizes how ruthless the wicked man is. Alternate translation: “Just like a wild animal kills its prey, so the wicked person harms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 24:21 m9u5 the barren women who have not borne children 0 The people of that day considered that a woman who was barren was cursed by God. Therefore, this represents the most unfortunate women. 24:21 i5m9 widow 0 a woman whose husband has died 24:22 xl8g Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking. 24:22 ps1m by his power 0 Alternate translation: “by using his power” or “because he is powerful” 24:22 x59s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he rises up and does not strengthen them in life 0 Here “does not strengthen them in life” means God does not keep them alive. Alternate translation: “God rises up and does not give wicked people the strength to live” or “God rises up and causes them to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 24:23 qks3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche but his eyes are on their ways 0 Here “eyes” refers to God. Alternate translation: “but he is always watching what they do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 24:24 yq9p Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis concludes Job’s speech. 24:24 b7v1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be brought low 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will bring them low” or “God will destroy them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 24:24 j5za rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants they will be gathered up like all the others 0 Some translations are based on a different early text, which says “they wither and fade like weeds.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) 24:24 ix1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they will be gathered up like all the others 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. What “the others” refers to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “God will gather them up as he gathered up the other wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 24:24 mqt2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain 0 These wicked people will be cut off in the same way heads of grain are cut off during harvest. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will cut them off like a farmer cuts off the top of a stalk of grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 24:25 cfk7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing? 0 Job uses this question to express the certainty of his argument. The implicit answer is: “no one.” Alternate translation: “This is true, and no one can prove that I am a liar; no one can prove me wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 24:25 iy58 make my speech worth nothing 0 Alternate translation: “prove what I say is wrong” 25:intro yz1x 0 # Job 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job’s friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s holiness and man’s sin\nBildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man’s sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nBildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 25:1 vb52 Bildad the Shuhite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md). 25:2 cz5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Dominion and fear are with him 0 Here “him” refers to God. The abstract nouns “dominion” and “fear” can be stated as verbs. Alternate translation: “God rules over all and people should fear only him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 25:2 t8t1 he makes order in his high places of heaven 0 Alternate translation: “he makes peace in the high heaven” 25:3 agz7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is there any end to the number of his armies? 0 Bildad uses this question to emphasize how great God is. The implicit answer is “no.” This refers to the armies of God’s angels. Alternate translation: “There is no end to the number of angels in his army.” or “His armies are so big that no one can count them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 25:3 tb5c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Upon whom does his light not shine? 0 Bildad uses this question to emphasize that God gives light to every person. Alternate translation: “There is no one upon whom his light does not shine.” or “God makes his light shine over everyone.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 25:4 gq9p Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nBildad continues speaking. 25:4 w2pf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism How then can man & God? How can he who is born & him? 0 These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 25:4 v4y8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How then can man be righteous with God? 0 The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “A man can never be righteous before God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 25:4 z1j1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion How can he who is born & acceptable to him? 0 The implicit reaction is that he cannot. Alternate translation: “He who is born of a woman cannot be clean or acceptable to him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 25:4 kx6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he who is born of a woman 0 This idiom includes everyone. Alternate translation: “any person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 25:5 f8pe See 0 The word “See” here adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Indeed” 25:5 un12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the moon has no brightness to him 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the moon is not bright enough for God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 25:5 kt4v the stars are not pure in his sight 0 Here “pure” means “perfect.” Alternate translation: “he does not think even the stars are perfect” 25:6 c7kh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism How much less man & a son of man, who is a worm 0 These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 25:6 h6x7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who is a worm 0 Bildad states that human beings are as worthless as worms. Alternate translation: “who is as worthless as a worm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 25:6 l7b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy a son of man 0 This is another way of referring to a person. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 26:intro f665 0 # Job 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job’s response to Bildad.\n\nThis chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s power\nWhile Bildad describes Yahweh’s power as being so much greater than Job’s, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh’s power. It is not just over Job’s life, but over all of creation.\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Sarcasm\nJob uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: [Job 1-4](./01.md) and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 26:2 lud4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony How you have helped one & the arm that has no strength 0 In these statements, Job is accusing Bildad. The word “one” refers to Job. And, the word “arm” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “I am powerless and have no strength, but you act like you have helped me; but really, you have not helped me at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 26:3 s1r5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge 0 Job is saying that Bildad has not provided him with good advice and knowledge. Alternate translation: “You act like I have no wisdom and that you have advised me, that you have given me good advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 26:3 y2kk announced to him sound knowledge 0 Alternate translation: “given him good advice” 26:4 n9vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion With whose help have you spoken these words? Whose spirit was it & you? 0 In these questions Job continues to mock Bildad. They are both rhetorical questions and have basically the same meaning. They are used together to strengthen each other. Alternate translation: “You must have had help speaking these words. Perhaps some spirit helped you speak them!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 26:5 c81a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj The dead 0 This refers to dead people. Alternate translation: “Those who are dead” or “The spirits of the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 26:5 xqx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit tremble 0 They tremble because they are afraid of God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tremble in fear” or “tremble in fear of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 26:5 hs8h those who are beneath the waters 0 This refers to the dead people who tremble. 26:5 th6n all who dwell in them 0 This refers to the dead people who dwell in the waters. 26:6 c8rl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering 0 Sheol is spoken of as if it were a person. These two phrases have the same meaning. To be “naked” or have “no covering” is to be completely exposed and not able to hide anything. Alternate translation: “It is like sheol is naked before God, for nothing in sheol, the place of destruction, is hidden from God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 26:6 v85x destruction 0 This is another name for sheol. Alternate translation: “the place of destruction” 26:7 ts32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He stretches out the northern skies over the empty space 0 The northern skies represent heaven, the place where God dwells with the beings he created to dwell there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 26:8 q4f6 He binds up the waters in his thick clouds 0 The clouds are compared to a large blanket in which God wraps the rainwater. Alternate translation: “He wraps up the water in his thick clouds” 26:8 sxg4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive but the clouds are not torn under them 0 This can be stated actively. The word “them” refers to the waters. Alternate translation: “but the weight of the waters does not tear the clouds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 26:9 r35v and spreads his clouds on it 0 This phrase tells how he covers the surface of the moon. Alternate translation: “by spreading his clouds in front of it” 26:10 l8k5 He has engraved a circular boundary on the surface of the waters 0 This speaks of the horizon, where the earth appears to meet the sky, as if God has marked a boundary on the ocean. 26:11 n3vz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke 0 People thought of heaven or the sky as resting on pillars. Job speaks as though the pillars are humans that shake in fear when God is angry. Alternate translation: “The pillars that hold up heaven shake in fear when God rebukes them” or “The pillars that hold up the sky shake like people who are afraid when God rebukes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 26:12 f7hn he shattered Rahab 0 Alternate translation: “he destroyed Rahab” 26:12 x7ti rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Rahab 0 This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in [Job 9:13](../09/13.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 26:13 c72v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor By his breath he made the skies clear 0 The noun “breath” can be translated with the verb “breathe” or “blow.” This image represents God causing the wind to blow away the clouds. Alternate translation: “God blew away the clouds so that the skies were clear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 26:13 r5le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit his hand pierced the fleeing serpent 0 It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here “his hand” represents that sword. Also, “pierced” represents killing. Alternate translation: “With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 26:13 c2jc the fleeing serpent 0 “the serpent as it was trying to escape from him.” This refers to Rahab, the monster in the sea. See [Job 26:12](../26/12.md). 26:14 qb3u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor See, these are but the fringes of his ways 0 Here “fringes” represents a small part that we can see of something that is much bigger. Alternate translation: “See, these things that God has done show only a small part of his great power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 26:14 k819 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations how small a whisper do we hear of him! 0 This is an exclamation that expresses Job’s amazement of all the great things that God does that we do not even know about. Seeing what God does is spoken of as hearing God’s voice. Alternate translation: “it is as if we heard only his quiet whisper!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 26:14 b468 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can understand the thunder of his power? 0 The “thunder of his power” represents God’s greatness. Job uses this question to emphasize that God’s power is so great that no one can understand it. Alternate translation: “The thunder displays the greatness of his power which no one can understand!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:intro mkb5 0 # Job 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh’s authority. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) 27:2 vm9g As surely as God lives 0 This phrase shows that Job is taking an oath. Job compares the certainty that God is alive to the certainty of what he is saying. This is a way of making a solemn promise. Alternate translation: “I swear by God” 27:2 zm2r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor has taken away my justice 0 Justice is spoken of as if it were an object that could be taken away or given. Taking it away represents refusing to treat Job with justice. Alternate translation: “has refused to treat me justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:2 tp23 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy made my life bitter 0 Job’s “life” being bitter represents Job feeling resentful toward God. Alternate translation: “has caused me to become resentful” or “has made me feel angry because of the unfair way he has treated me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:3 m4bm while my life is yet in me 0 This refers to the duration of the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “during the whole time that my life is yet in me” or “as long as my life is yet in me” 27:3 ny28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns while my life is yet in me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **life**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “alive” or the verb “live.” Alternate translation: “as long as I am still alive” or “while I still live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 27:3 xg5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the breath from God is in my nostrils 0 “Breath … in my nostrils” represents being able to breathe. “Breath from God” represents God making him able to breathe. Alternate translation: “God enables me to breathe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:3 krx8 nostrils 0 Alternate translation: “nose” 27:4 xct5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit 0 These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that he will not speak in such ways. The phrases “My lips” and “my tongue” represent Job himself. Alternate translation: “I will not speak wickedness or deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 27:4 vg54 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns speak wickedness & speak deceit 0 The abstract nouns “wickedness” and “deceit” can be expressed with “wickedly” and “deceitfully.” Alternate translation: “speak wickedly … speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 27:5 tp64 I will never admit that you three are right 0 Alternate translation: “I will never agree with you and say that you three are right” 27:5 n6mb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you that you three are right 0 The word “you” here is plural. It refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 27:5 uy2n I will never deny my integrity 0 Alternate translation: “I will never say that I am not innocent” or “I will always say that I am innocent” 27:6 rv4l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I hold fast to my righteousness 0 Here “hold fast” is a metaphor that represents being determined to continue to say something. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **righteousness**, you can express the same idea with “righteous.” Alternate translation: “I am determined to continue saying that I am righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 27:6 ccm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor will not let it go 0 Here “will not let it go” is a metaphor that represents not stopping saying something. Alternate translation: “will not stop saying that I am righteous” or “will not stop saying so” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:6 ttu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my thoughts will not reproach me 0 Here the phrase “my thoughts” represents Job. Alternate translation: “even in my thoughts, I will not reproach myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:7 x6mp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Let my enemy be & let him who rises up against me be 0 The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job’s strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 27:7 qkh5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Let my enemy be like a wicked man 0 How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man” or “Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 27:7 yjq8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man 0 How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 27:7 cin4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor him who rises up against me 0 Here “rises up against me” is a metaphor meaning “opposes me.” The whole phrase refers to Job’s adversary. Alternate translation: “him who opposes me” or “my adversary” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:8 m193 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For what is the hope of a godless man when & when God takes away his life? 0 Job uses this question to say that such a man has no hope. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “There is no hope for the godless when God … takes away his soul.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 27:8 ucr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life 0 These two phrases have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “when God cuts him off and takes away his life” or “when God causes him to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 27:8 d94d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cuts him off 0 This is a metaphor meaning “kills him” or “causes him to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:8 twt1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor takes away his life 0 This is a metaphor meaning “kills him” or “makes him stop living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:9 jh1p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him? 0 Job uses this question to say that God will not help that person. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “God will not hear his cry when trouble comes upon him.” or “When trouble comes upon him and he cries out for help, God will not hear him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 27:9 a8tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Will God hear his cry 0 Here “hear his cry” represents responding to the godless man’s cry and helping him. Alternate translation: “Will God respond to his cry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:10 kq3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times? 0 Job uses this question to say that the godless man will not do these things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “He will not delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times.” or “He will not be happy about what the Almighty does and he will not pray to God often.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 27:11 s3uq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you I will teach you 0 Each occurrence of “you” in these verses is plural and refers to Job’s three friends. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 27:11 fyx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the hand of God 0 God’s “hand” represents his power. Alternate translation: “the power of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:11 re4m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **thoughts**, you can express the same idea with the verb “think.” Alternate translation: I will not hide from you what the Almighty thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 27:12 pnx9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion why then have you spoken all this nonsense? 0 Job uses this question to rebuke his friends for saying such foolish things. This question can be translated as a simple statement. Alternate translation: “you should not have spoken so foolishly!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 27:13 g6qh This is the portion of a wicked man with God 0 Alternate translation: “This is what God has planned for the wicked man” 27:13 djh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty 0 Here “the heritage of the oppressor” is a metaphor representing what will happen to the oppressor. What God will do to him is spoken of as if it were an inheritance that God will give him. Alternate translation: “what the Almighty will do to the oppressor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 27:14 f7mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it is for the sword 0 Here “the sword” represents dying in battle. Alternate translation: “they will die in battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:15 mbb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Those who survive him 0 This refers to the wicked man’s children. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 27:15 dic8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy will be buried by plague 0 Here “be buried” represents dying. Alternate translation: “will die by plague” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:15 p4u3 their widows & them 0 The words “their” and “them” refer to “Those who survive him,” that is, the children of the wicked man. 27:16 nm9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile heaps up silver like the dust 0 Here “heaps up” is a metonym meaning “gathers much.” Job speaks as if the silver were as easy to get as dust. Alternate translation: “gathers large piles of silver” or “gathers silver as easily as he could gather dust” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 27:16 bh15 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile heaps up clothing like clay 0 Here “heaps up” is a metonym meaning “gathers much.” Job speaks as if the clothing were as easy to get as clay. Alternate translation: “gathers large piles of clothing” or “gathers clothing as easily as he could gather clay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 27:18 l6yf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis He builds his house like a spider 0 After “spider,” the phrase “builds its web” is understood information. It can be made clear. Alternate translation: “He builds his house as a spider builds its web” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 27:18 q8ia rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He builds his house like a spider 0 A spider web is fragile and easily destroyed. Alternate translation: “He builds his house as fragile as a spider builds its web” or “He builds his house as fragile as a spider’s web” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 27:18 inb4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a hut 0 A hut is a temporary house that is also not very strong. Alternate translation: “like a temporary hut” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 27:19 la2p He lies down in bed rich 0 “He is wealthy when he lies down in bed.” This refers to his lying down in bed at night and sleeping. 27:19 i6ex but he will not keep doing so 0 Alternate translation: “but he will not keep lying down in bed rich” or “but he will not continue to be wealthy when he lies down in bed” 27:19 b9sa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy he opens his eyes 0 Opening his eyes represents waking up in the morning. Alternate translation: “he wakes up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:19 x5lq everything is gone 0 Alternate translation: “all of his riches are gone” or “everything has vanished” 27:20 ul69 Terrors overtake him 0 Here “overtake him” represents suddenly happening to him. Possible meanings are that **terrors** is a metonym for:: (1) things that cause people to be afraid. Alternate translation: “Terrifying things suddenly happen to him” or (2) fear. Alternate translation: “He suddenly becomes terrified” 27:20 zw56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like waters 0 The word “waters” refers to a flood. Floods can happen very suddenly when people do not expect them, and they are dangerous and frightening. Alternate translation: “like a flood” or “like waters that rise up suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 27:20 l3kn a storm takes him away 0 Alternate translation: “a violent wind blows him away” 27:21 l4at rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification it sweeps him out of his place 0 Job speaks of the wind blowing the wicked man out of his house as if the wind were a person sweeping dust out of a house with a broom. Alternate translation: “the wind sweeps him out of his place like a woman who sweeps dirt out of a house” or “the wind easily blows him out of his place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 27:21 i9ce his place 0 Alternate translation: “his home” 27:22 wmn4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 27:22 xs2l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification It throws itself at him 0 Here the phrase “throws itself at him” represents the wind blowing strong against him like an attacker. Alternate translation: “It blows strong against him like someone attacking him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 27:22 fa8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification he tries to flee out of its hand 0 Here “hand” represents the power or control that the wind has over the wicked man. Alternate translation: “he tries to flee out of its control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 27:23 kvs2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction It claps its hands at him 0 Clapping the hands is a way of mocking someone. Here it represents the wind making loud noises. Alternate translation: “It makes loud noises like someone clapping his hands to mock him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 27:23 r28v rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction hisses him from his place 0 The wind makes a noise as it blows him out of his place, and the noise is like the hissing sound that people make to mock someone. Alternate translation: “it makes a hissing noise as it causes him to leave his home” or “it blows him out of his place and makes a hissing noise like someone who hisses at him to mock him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 28:intro i55c 0 # Job 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s response to Bildad.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s wisdom\n\nDespite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh’s wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh’s wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job’s life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh’s wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) 28:1 fb4g mine 0 This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them. 28:1 zr9q refine 0 This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it. 28:2 a9j8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Iron is taken out of the earth 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People take iron out of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 28:2 b12i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive copper is smelted out of the stone 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people smelt copper out of the stone” or “people heat stone to melt copper out of it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 28:2 rb24 copper 0 an important red-brown colored metal 28:2 uui9 smelted 0 This is a process of heating rocks to melt the metal in them in order to get the metal out of the rocks. 28:3 fm47 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy A man sets an end to darkness 0 Here “sets an end to darkness” represents shining a light in the darkness. People used a lantern or a torch for light. Alternate translation: “A man carries light into dark places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 28:3 l74r to the farthest limit 0 Alternate translation: “to the farthest parts of the mine” 28:3 sce6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet obscurity & thick darkness 0 These two phrases are used together to emphasize that the mine is extremely dark. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 28:4 kp1m shaft 0 a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People go down into the hole to mine it. 28:4 hz3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification places that are forgotten by anyone’s foot 0 The foot is spoken of as if it is a person who can remember. Alternate translation: “places where people no longer walk” or “where no one ever walks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 28:4 yed2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He hangs far away from people 0 How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 28:5 r3d3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche the earth, out of which comes bread 0 Here “bread” represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate translation: “the earth, where food grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:5 p8vk it is turned up below as if by fire 0 This could mean: (1) people made fires under the ground to break apart the rock. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below by the fires that the miners make” or (2) “turned” is a metaphor for changed. Alternate translation: “it is broken up below so much that it appears that it was destroyed by fire” 28:5 mha5 it is turned 0 The word “it” refers to the earth. 28:6 c4dw Its stones & its dust 0 The word “its” refers to the earth. 28:6 lw93 sapphires 0 a rare and valuable blue gemstone 28:7 c71r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism No bird of prey knows the path to it & nor has the falcon’s eye seen it 0 These clauses express a similar meaning. Alternate translation: “No bird of prey or falcon knows or has ever seen the path that goes to the mine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 28:7 u8np bird of prey 0 a bird that eats other animals 28:7 ft9l falcon 0 This may also be translated “hawk.” Both are birds that hunt and eat other animals. You may translate this with a similar bird from your culture. 28:8 ad94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The proud animals have not walked such a path & nor has the fierce lion passed there 0 These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 28:8 zce2 The proud animals 0 This refers to very strong, wild animals. 28:9 nh4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy lays his hand on the flinty rock 0 This represents breaking up the rock. Alternate translation: “digs into the flinty rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 28:9 d3ss flinty rock 0 Alternate translation: “hard rock” 28:9 ng34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole he overturns mountains by their roots 0 Digging up the mountains and the ground underneath them is a metaphor from digging out weeds or trees, an exaggeration that represents digging minerals out of the ground. Alternate translation: “he turns the mountains upside down by pulling out their roots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:10 h31b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his eye sees 0 Here “his eye” represents him. Alternate translation: “he sees” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 28:11 ar22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He ties up the streams so they do not run 0 Here “ties up the streams” means damming or blocking the streams. Alternate translation: “He blocks the streams so they do not flow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:11 c3wt what is hidden there 0 This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater. 28:12 n9fd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:12 k2hz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding? 0 These questions mean the same thing and are used to show that it is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “It is very difficult to find wisdom and understanding.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 28:12 bcr2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding 0 Becoming wise and understanding is spoken of as finding wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “How do people become wise? How do people learn to understand things well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:13 drv1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Man does not know its price 0 This could mean: (1) wisdom is spoken of as if it were something that people can buy. Alternate translation: “People do not know what it is worth” or (2) the word translated as “price” means “place.” Alternate translation: “People do not know where it is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:13 z9ip rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive neither is it found in the land of the living 0 “and it is not found in the land of the living.” The “land of the living” refers to this world where people live. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and no one can find wisdom in this world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 28:14 xi4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The deep waters & say, ‘It is not in me’; the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ 0 The deep waters and the sea are presented as if they are people that can speak. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is not in the deep waters under the earth, nor is it in the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 28:15 h4ty rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It cannot be gotten for gold 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. Alternate translation: “People cannot pay for wisdom with gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 28:15 nff6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit neither can silver be weighed as its price 0 This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 28:16 hg4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit It cannot be valued with & sapphire 0 This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 28:16 t2r7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Ophir 0 This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 28:16 ui38 onyx 0 a valuable black gemstone 28:16 na32 sapphire 0 a valuable blue gemstone 28:17 qp37 Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth 0 This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal. 28:17 z7jx crystal 0 a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored 28:17 v4um neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold 0 “and it cannot be exchanged for jewels of fine gold.” This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than jewels of fine gold. 28:17 nid2 exchanged 0 Alternate translation: “traded” 28:18 hgr1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit No mention is worth making of coral or jasper 0 “It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper.” This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. Alternate translation: “I will not bother to mention coral or jasper” or “Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 28:18 vgj8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown coral 0 This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) 28:18 sqn7 jasper & rubies 0 These are valuable gemstones. 28:19 mwy7 The topaz of Cush does not equal it 0 This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz. 28:19 nxz5 topaz 0 This is a valuable gemstone. 28:19 ycn8 neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold 0 “and wisdom cannot be valued in terms of pure gold.” This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than pure gold. 28:20 jiu5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding? 0 Job uses these questions to introduce how people get wisdom and understanding. Alternate translation: “I will tell you where wisdom comes from and where understanding is.” or “I will tell you how to become wise and how to learn to understand things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 28:20 z82u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor From where, then, comes wisdom 0 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:20 ghy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Where is the place of understanding 0 Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:21 bj7x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things 0 This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “No living thing can see wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 28:21 j3u4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens 0 This means that the birds are unable to see wisdom. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “even the birds that fly in the skies cannot see wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 28:22 y7e5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Destruction and Death say 0 Here “Destruction” and “Death” are spoken of as if they are living things who can speak. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 28:23 qlj3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God understands the way to it; he knows its place 0 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a certain place. Alternate translation: “God knows how to find wisdom. He knows where it is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:24 q6zd the very ends of the earth 0 Alternate translation: “the farthest places on the earth” 28:25 l7lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor parceled out the waters by measure 0 This describes God deciding how much water should be in each place. Possible meanings are that this refers to deciding: (1) how much rain should be in each cloud or (2) how much water should be in each sea. Alternate translation: “decided how much water should be in each place” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 28:26 qy1s a path for the thunder 0 Alternate translation: “he decided how the thunder can be heard” or “he decided the path of the thunderstorm” 28:28 l4bu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **fear**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “fear” or “respect.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “Listen, if you fear the Lord, you will be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 28:28 m7dq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to depart from evil is understanding 0 Here “depart from evil” means refusing to do evil things. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with the verb “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you refuse to do evil, then you will understand many things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:intro eli2 0 # Job 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.\n\nIn this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh’s blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job’s argument that continues for the next 3 chapters. 29:2 h8k3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, that I were as I was in the past months 0 Job uses this exclamation to express a wish. Alternate translation: “I wish that I were as I was in past months” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 29:3 n6gg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when his lamp shined on my head 0 God’s lamp shining on Job represents God blessing Job. Alternate translation: “when God’s blessing was like a lamp shining its light on my head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:3 z42n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when I walked through darkness by his light 0 Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:4 bk56 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in the ripeness of my days 0 Job speaks of when he was young and strong as if his days were the time when the harvest is ripe. Alternate translation: “when I was young and strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:4 d6y9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns when the friendship of God was on my tent 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **friendship**, you can express the same idea with the noun “friend.” The word “tent” represents Job’s home. Alternate translation: “when God was my friend and protected my home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 29:6 xbc3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole when my way was covered with cream 0 “when my path was flowing with cream.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many cows and they produced much more cream than he and his family needed. Alternate translation: “when my cows provided an abundance of cream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 29:6 bt34 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole and the rock poured out for me streams of oil 0 “and the rock poured out streams of oil for me.” Job uses this exaggeration to express that he had many olive vines and great amounts of olive oil. The rock is where his servants pressed the oil out of the olives. Alternate translation: “when my servants pressed out a great amount of olive oil” or “when oil flowed like streams from the pressing rock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:7 tvt7 city square 0 This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet. 29:8 e835 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction rose and stood for me 0 This is a symbol of respect. It can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “rose and stood respectfully for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 29:9 c8d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction The princes used to refrain from talking when I came 0 This was a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 29:9 v8ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction they would lay their hand on their mouths 0 They did this to show that they would not speak. This was a sign of their respect for Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 29:10 u1bb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive The voices of the noblemen were hushed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The noblemen hushed their voices” or “The noblemen stopped speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 29:10 nm6j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths 0 This represents them having so much respect for Job that they had nothing to say. Alternate translation: “they felt that they were unable to speak” or “they had nothing to say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 29:11 n94l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche after their ears heard me & after their eyes saw me 0 The ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. Alternate translation: “after they heard what I told them … after they saw me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 29:11 t3tu they would then give witness to me and approve of me 0 Alternate translation: “they would witness approvingly of me” 29:12 ui1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun I rescued the one who was poor when he cried out 0 Here “the one who was poor” refers to any poor person. Alternate translation: “I used to rescue poor people who cried out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 29:13 qs27 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The blessing of him who was about to perish came on me 0 Someone’s blessing coming on another represents that person blessing another. Alternate translation: “He who was about to perish would bless me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:13 ii9w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun him who was about to perish 0 This represents anyone who was about to die. Alternate translation: “those who were about to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 29:13 v84a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche I caused the widow’s heart to sing for joy 0 Here “the widow’s heart” represents any widow. Alternate translation: “I caused widows to sing joyfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 29:14 r9i7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I put on righteousness, and it clothed me 0 People often spoke of righteousness as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “I did what was righteous, and it was like clothing that I put on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:14 rc4i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my justice was like a robe and a turban 0 People often spoke of justice as if it were clothing. Alternate translation: “I did what was just, and it was like a robe and a turban on me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 29:14 qe3s turban 0 a long cloth that men wrap around their heads and wear as a hat 29:15 z9qd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I was eyes to blind people 0 This represents helping blind people. Alternate translation: “I was like eyes for blind people” or “I guided blind people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:15 qwg2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I was feet to lame people 0 This represents helping blind people. Alternate translation: “I was like feet for lame people” or “I supported lame people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:16 dv24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I was a father to needy people 0 Here “I was a father” represents providing for people. Alternate translation: “I provided for needy people as a father provides for his children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:17 h48z General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nIn verses 18-20 Job tells about the things he used to say before bad things happened to him. 29:17 rxh7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I broke the jaws of & I plucked the victim 0 Job speaks of unrighteous people who persecute others as if they were wild animals that attack their victims by picking them up between their teeth. Alternate translation: “I made unrighteous people stop persecuting people, like someone who breaks the jaw of a wild animal and rescues its victim from between its teeth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:18 mx7p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will die in my nest 0 Here “nest” represents Job’s home and family. Job used to speak as if he were a bird that lived in a nest with his baby birds. Alternate translation: “I will die at home with my family” or “I will die in the safety of my home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:18 ree7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole I will multiply my days like the grains of sand 0 There are more grains of sand on the shore than anyone can count. To say that he would live more days than anyone could count is an exaggeration to express that he would live a very long time. Alternate translation: “I will live a very long time” or “I will live many years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 29:19 f52q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My roots & my branches 0 Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:20 r1t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns The honor in me is always fresh 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **honor**, you can express the same idea with the verb “honor.” Here “fresh” represents the honor being constantly given. Alternate translation: “People constantly give me honor” or “People always honor me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 29:20 bz9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the bow of my strength is always new in my hand 0 A new bow is very strong. Job’s bow of strength in his hand represents his physical strength. Alternate translation: “I am always strong like a new bow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:22 l3t7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my speech dropped like water on them 0 Here “dropped like water on them” represents refreshing the people who heard him. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **speech**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “speak” or “say.” Alternate translation: “my speech refreshed their hearts as drops of water refresh people’s bodies” or “what I said to them refreshed them like drops of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 29:23 g4bi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They always waited for me as they waited for rain 0 People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 29:23 dye5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words 0 This represents waiting eagerly for Job to speak in order to benefit from what said. Alternate translation: “they eagerly waited for me to speak in order to benefit from what I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:23 wd9h as they would do for the latter rain 0 Alternate translation: “as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain” 29:23 v5kv the latter rain 0 This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season. 29:24 vxz9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I smiled on them 0 It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. Alternate translation: “I smiled on them to encourage them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 29:24 b3dw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the light of my face 0 This represents the kindness they saw in Job’s face. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:25 nhm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I selected their way 0 Here “selected their way” represents deciding what they should do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 29:25 gh9m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sat as their chief 0 Here “sat” represents ruling or leading. Chiefs sat down when they made important decisions. Alternate translation: “led them as their chief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 29:25 azd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy sat as their chief 0 Job was their chief. Alternate translation: “led them because I was their chief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 29:25 dv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I lived like a king in his army 0 Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 29:25 nmq6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit like one who comforts mourners 0 This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. Alternate translation: “I comforted them when they mourned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 30:intro u96h 0 # Job 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.\n\nIn this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]]) 30:1 ghr9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock 0 This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. Alternate translation: “whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 30:1 bw8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the dogs of my flock 0 The dogs’ relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “the dogs that guarded my flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 30:2 dkd7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Indeed, the strength of their fathers’ hands, how could it have helped me & perished? 0 Job uses this question to mock the weakness of those men. Alternate translation: “The strength of their fathers’ hands could not have helped me … perished.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 30:2 n58x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished 0 Their strength perishing is a metaphor that represents no longer being strong but weak. The phrase “mature age” refers to them being old. Alternate translation: “men who had become old and had no strength” or “men who had become old and weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:3 b5gi They were thin from poverty and hunger 0 The word “They” refers to the fathers of the young mockers. 30:3 i6mn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns They were thin from poverty and hunger 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you can express the same idea with another word such as “poor.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hunger**, you can express the same idea with the words “hungry” or “starving.” Alternate translation: “They were very thin because they were poor and starving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 30:3 j6n1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they gnawed at the dry ground 0 This could mean: (1) “dry ground” is a metonym for the dry roots that grow in the ground. Alternate translation: “they chewed on the dry roots they found in the ground” or (2) “gnawed at the dried ground” is a metonym for eating whatever they could find in the dry ground. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:4 dz4r Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. 30:4 lbt6 saltwort & bushes’ leaves & the roots of the broom tree 0 These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better. 30:4 c9mn the roots of the broom tree were their food 0 This could mean: (1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or (2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees. 30:5 k9yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as & a thief 0 The phrase “were driven out” means “were forced to leave.” These phrases can be reordered and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The people shouted after them as … a thief and forced them to leave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 30:5 lwr2 shouted after them as one would shout after a thief 0 Alternate translation: “shouted at them as though they were thieves” 30:7 f7j8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers. 30:7 kkv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile brayed like donkeys 0 Job speaks of the men crying out in hunger as if they were wild donkeys making a loud noise. Alternate translation: “cried out like wild donkeys because they were hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 30:7 dmg5 they gathered together under the nettles 0 “Nettles” are bushes with sharp thorns. This implies that they did not have a home. 30:8 i8tx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They were the sons of fools 0 Here “were the sons of fools” represents having the characteristics fools. Alternate translation: “They were like fools” or “they were fools” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:8 h66q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor indeed, sons of nameless people 0 The word “indeed” shows that what follows strengthens the previous thought. Here “sons of nameless people” represents having the characteristics of nameless people. Alternate translation: “indeed, they were nameless people” or “indeed, they were worthless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:8 juk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor nameless people 0 Here being “nameless” represents having no honor or respect. It means that they are worthless. Alternate translation: “worthless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:8 wl4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy They were driven out of the land with whips 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) the idea of whips implies that they were being treated like criminals. Alternate translation: “People treated them like criminals and forced them to leave the land” or (2) people actually used whips to force them out. Alternate translation: “People whipped them and forced them to leave the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:8 r31i They were driven out of the land 0 Here “the land” refers to the land where they lived before they were forced to go out to the wilderness. 30:9 krm8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob speaks again about the people who were mocking him. 30:9 v6wt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns But now I have become the subject of their taunting song 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **song**, you can express the same idea with the verb “sing.” Alternate translation: “But now they sing songs about me to taunt me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 30:9 u5hm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have become a byword for them 0 Here “byword” is a metonym for the person about whom people make cruel jokes. Alternate translation: “I am now one whom they make cruel jokes about” or “They joke and say cruel things about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:10 sx1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes they do not refrain from spitting in my face 0 This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “they even spit in my face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 30:11 r95h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God has unstrung the string to my bow 0 A bow that is unstrung is not useful. The phrase “has unstrung the string of my bow” is a metaphor for making Job powerless. Alternate translation: “God has taken away my power to defend myself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:11 pll3 those who taunt me 0 Alternate translation: “those who mock me” 30:11 sq6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor cast off restraint before my face 0 A restraint keeps a person from moving freely and doing what he wants. Here “restraint” represents refraining from doing something, and “cast off restraint” represents not refraining from doing something. In this case the mockers did not refrain from being cruel to Job. Alternate translation: “do not refrain from being cruel to me” or “do whatever cruel things they want to do to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 30:12 u9wm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJob speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:12 l5wg Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. 30:12 z8g5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Upon my right hand rise the rabble 0 “the rabble rise upon my right hand.” This could mean: (1) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his strength. Alternate translation: “Gangs of young people attack my strength” or (2) rising upon Job’s right hand represents attacking his honor. Alternate translation: “Mobs attack my honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:12 bxs3 they drive me away 0 Alternate translation: “they force me to run away” 30:12 tdu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor pile up against me their siege mounds 0 Armies would pile up mounds of dirt along a city’s wall in order to climb over the wall and attack the city. Job speaks of the mockers preparing to attack him as if they were doing that. Alternate translation: “prepare to attack me like an army that prepares to attack a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:13 sv3y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor They destroy my path 0 This represents keeping Job from escaping their attack. Alternate translation: “They prevent me from escaping from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:13 x9pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they push forward disaster for me 0 Here “push forward disaster” represents trying to make disaster happen. Alternate translation: “they try to make disaster happen to me” or “they try to destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:13 ayx7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor men who have no one to hold them back 0 Here “hold them back” represents stopping them from doing something. Alternate translation: “men who have no one to stop them from attacking me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:14 su1s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nJob speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:14 p4jw Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues to speak about the people who were mocking him. 30:14 b1fx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall 0 This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 30:14 g1ji rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they roll themselves in on me 0 This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:15 su3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Terrors are turned upon me 0 This could mean: (1) Job has become terrified or (2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:15 y58l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my honor is driven away as if by the wind 0 Job speaks of suddenly having no honor as if the wind had blown it from him. Alternate translation: “Nobody honors me” or “I am now a person that people do not honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 30:15 qzd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my prosperity passes away as a cloud 0 Job speaks of his prosperity ending as if it were a cloud that was blown away. Here “prosperity” may refer to well-being or safety. Alternate translation: “I no longer prosper at all” or “I am no longer safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 30:16 vq4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Now my life is pouring out from within me 0 Job speaks as if his life were a liquid and his body were a container. He feels he is about to die. Alternate translation: “Now I am dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:16 yd79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification many days of suffering have laid hold on me 0 Job speaks of his continuous suffering as if the days of suffering have grabbed hold of him. Alternate translation: “I suffer many days, and the suffering does not end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 30:17 s5h2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor my bones in me are pierced 0 Job speaks of the pain in his bones as if his bones were being pierced. Alternate translation: “my bones ache terribly” or “I have sharp pain in my bones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:17 q849 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the pains that gnaw at me take no rest 0 Job speaks of his constant pain as if it were alive and biting him and refuses to rest. Alternate translation: “the pains that cause me to suffer do not stop” or “I am in constant pain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 30:18 x296 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy God’s great force has seized my clothing 0 Job speaks of God using his force as if God’s force were actually doing something. Here “God’s … force” stands for “God.” Alternate translation: “God has seized my clothing by his great force” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:18 wpi4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor God’s great force has seized my clothing 0 The image of God’s force seizing Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “My pain feels like God has grabbed my clothing tightly” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though by his great force God has grabbed me by my clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:18 tm94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic 0 The image of God’s force wrapping around Job is a metaphor. This could mean: (1) it represents Job’s pain. Alternate translation: “he wraps the collar of my tunic tightly around me” or (2) it represents God’s causing Job’s many problems. Alternate translation: “It is as though he grabs me by the collar of my tunic” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:19 aa4h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He has thrown me into the mud 0 Job says that God has humiliated him. Alternate translation: “It is as though he has thrown me in the mud” or “He has humiliated me, like a person thrown in the mud” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:19 m43k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile I have become like dust and ashes 0 This represents Job’s feeling of being worthless. Alternate translation: “I have become as worthless as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 30:21 k1ga cruel 0 This word means unkind. 30:21 xk2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy with the strength of your hand you persecute me 0 The word “hand” represents God’s power. Alternate translation: “you persecute me with your power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:22 v3bi Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God. 30:22 zy94 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor lift me up to the wind & throw me back and forth in a storm 0 These expressions represent the extreme suffering that God made Job endure. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:22 h7x7 cause it to drive me along 0 Alternate translation: “cause the wind to push me along” 30:23 py4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor you will bring me to death 0 Here “bring me to death” represents causing Job to die. Alternate translation: “you will cause me to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:23 a3ym rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the house appointed for all the living 0 Job speaks of the world of the dead as if it were a house to which God has appointed all living things to go. Alternate translation: “the world of the dead, to which everything that has ever lived goes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:23 nf6m all the living 0 That is, all things now alive, but that will die one day. 30:24 ly2e Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nJob continues speaking to God. 30:24 s7pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? 0 Job uses these questions to justify himself for crying out to God for help. Alternate translation: “Everyone reaches out with his hand to beg for help when he falls. Everyone who is in trouble calls out for help.” or “I have fallen, and so God should not think I am doing wrong when I beg for his help. I am in trouble, so of course I call out for help!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 30:24 giv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help? 0 Some versions interpret these questions as Job complaining that God has reached out with his hand to harm Job when Job was in trouble and crying out for help. Alternate translation: “Surely no one would reach out with his hand against someone who falls and calls out for help.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 30:25 k5gw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did not I weep & trouble? Did I not grieve & man? 0 Job uses these questions to remind God of how Job had done good to others. A: “You know that I wept … trouble, and I grieved … man!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 30:26 dxl4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When I hoped for good, then evil came 0 Looking for good represents hoping for good things, and evil coming represents evil things happening. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:26 n1jn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I waited for light & darkness came 0 Here “light” represents God’s blessing and favor and “darkness” represents trouble and suffering. Alternate translation: “I waited for the light of God’s blessing, but instead I experienced the darkness of suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:27 r36u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification My heart is troubled and does not rest 0 Job speaks of his heart as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “I am troubled in my heart and the feeling does not end” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 30:27 u2gl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor days of affliction have come on me 0 Days of affliction coming on Job represents Job experiencing affliction for many days. Alternate translation: “I experience affliction many days” or “I suffer every day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:28 i5gu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have gone about 0 Here “have gone about” represents living. Alternate translation: “I have lived” or “I live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:28 fj2n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor like one who was living in the dark, but not because of the sun 0 Here “living in the dark” is a metaphor that represents being extremely sad. The phrase “but not because of the sun” clarifies that “living in the dark” is a metaphor, that is, the darkness is not caused by the sun being hidden. Alternate translation: “like one who is terribly sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:29 f66b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches 0 Being a brother to these animals is a metaphor for being like them. Alternate translation: “I am like jackals and ostriches that cry out in the wilderness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 30:30 udu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my bones are burned with heat 0 Here “bones” refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 30:31 qj9s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my harp is tuned for songs of mourning 0 Here “my harp” represents Job himself, and also represents his desire to sing only songs of mourning. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of mourning on my harp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:31 v1kr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my flute for the singing of those who wail 0 Here “my flute” represents Job himself, and also his desire to sing only songs of crying. Alternate translation: “I play only songs of wailing on my flute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 30:31 d2w2 wail 0 To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain. 31:intro leq9 0 # Job 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job’s statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.\n\nIn this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) 31:1 ka6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I have made a covenant with my eyes 0 Job speaks of making a promise about what he would look at as though his eyes were a person and he made a covenant with them. Alternate translation: “I have made a firm promise about what I will look at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 31:1 af9x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I have made a covenant with my eyes 0 What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” or “I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 31:1 sxi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how then should I look with desire on a virgin? 0 Job uses this question to emphasize that he would never break his promise. Alternate translation: “So I certainly will not look with lust at a virgin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 31:2 p7x8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? 0 Job speaks of God’s response to people’s behavior as if it were the portion of an inheritance that God gives. Alternate translation: “For how will God above respond to me? What will the Almighty on high do?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 31:2 ygr6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high? 0 Possible meanings are Job uses this question to emphasize: (1) that God will not bless bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will not bless me.” or (2) that God will punish bad behavior. Alternate translation: “For if I look lustfully on a woman, God Almighty on high will certainly punish me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 31:4 vf6m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? 0 Here “my ways” and “my steps” are metaphors for Job’s behavior. Here “see my ways” and “count all my steps” are metaphors for knowing everything Job does. Job uses this question to emphasize that God does know all he does. Alternate translation: “Certainly God watches me and knows everything that I do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 31:4 n2eh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit Does not God see my ways and count all my steps? 0 Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 31:5 zdh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If I have 0 In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 31:5 a5st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit 0 Here “walked” and “hurried” are metaphors that represent how Job lived. Alternate translation: “done anything false or purposely deceived anyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:6 ndj9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor let me be weighed in an even balance 0 People used balances to weigh items and to determine their value. This image represents judging honestly. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “let me be judged honestly” or “let God judge me honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:7 fm8c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If my step has turned aside from the way 0 Here “my step” is a metaphor for Job’s behavior, and “turned out of the right way” is a metaphor for changing from living right. Alternate translation: “If I have changed from living right” or “If I have stopped doing what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:7 r29i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy if my heart has gone after my eyes 0 Here “my heart” and “my eyes” are metonyms for what Job desires and sees. The heart going after the eyes is a metaphor for desiring to do what he sees. It is implied that this refers to sinful things that Job sees. Alternate translation: “if I have wanted to do any sinful things that I see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:7 tvw5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor if any spot has stuck to my hands 0 This is a metaphor for being guilty. Alternate translation: “if I am guilty of any sin at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:8 b7e8 then let me sow, and let another eat, and let my crops be uprooted 0 Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it. 31:8 xs19 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive let my crops be uprooted 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let someone else come and take the harvest from my field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:9 p1yn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche If my heart has been deceived by a woman 0 Here “my heart” represents Job. Here the word “deceived” expresses the idea of “enticed.” The word “woman” expresses the idea of “another man’s wife.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If another man’s wife has enticed me” or “If I have desired another man’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:9 rs8z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit if I have lain in wait at my neighbor’s door 0 It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor’s door. Alternate translation: “if I have waited at my neighbor’s door so I could sleep with his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 31:10 ngk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism then let my wife grind grain for another 0 This could mean: (1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or (2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 31:11 ds7e For that would be a terrible crime 0 The word “that” refers to Job sleeping with another woman. 31:11 h8zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive it would be a crime to be punished by judges 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it would be a crime for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:12 r4vn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For that is a fire that consumes as far as Abaddon, and it would burn all my harvest to the root 0 Job speaks of the harm that sleeping with another woman causes as if it were a fire that destroys everything. The words “that” and “it” refer to sleeping with another man’s wife. Alternate translation: “For adultery is like a fire that burns up everything from here to Abaddon and that would burn up all my harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:12 i923 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor consumes as far as Abaddon 0 These words are probably a metaphor for “destroys everything so I have nothing good for the rest of my life,” but you should probably translate this literally. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:12 bn97 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy it would burn all my harvest to the root 0 The word “it” here refers to the action sleeping with another man’s wife. This action is a metonym for the punishment that Job would suffer as a result of the action. A fire burning up his harvest is a synecdoche for losing everything he has worked for. Alternate translation: “those who punish me would take away everything I have worked for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 31:14 s3xg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him? 0 Job uses these questions to emphasize that if God were to judge him, Job would not be able to make himself appear to be good. Alternate translation: “then there would be absolutely nothing I could say to defend myself when God comes to judge me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 31:15 jl2j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb? 0 Job uses these questions to emphasize that he is no different from his servants. He implies that God would be angry if Job were to treat his servants as less valuable than himself. Alternate translation: “The one who made me in the womb also made them. He formed us all in the womb.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 31:16 yzr5 If I have withheld poor people from their desire 0 Alternate translation: “If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire” 31:16 e9r8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying 0 Here “to grow dim” refers to the widow having bad eyesight from crying a lot. Alternate translation: “if I have caused a widow to cry in great sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 31:17 gs2b my morsel 0 Alternate translation: “my food” 31:18 xz2i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father 0 Here “the orphan” represents orphans in general. Job is describing how he truly treated orphans. Alternate translation: “because even when I was young I took care of orphans like a father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]]) 31:18 z518 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis because from my youth 0 The phrase “But I have done none of those things” is understood from the context. Alternate translation: “But I have done none of those things, because from my youth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 31:18 ibm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother’s womb 0 Job is describing how he truly treated widows. With the phrase “from my own mother’s womb” he uses exaggeration to emphasize that he did this all his life. Alternate translation: “all my life I have guided the orphan’s mother, a widow” or “all my life I have guided widows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 31:20 ut9q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche if his heart has not blessed me 0 The phrase “his heart” represents the poor man who needs clothing. Alternate translation: “if he has not blessed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 31:20 r66u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep 0 Here “the wool of my sheep” represents blankets or clothing made from the wool of Job’s sheep. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “because the wool of my sheep has not warmed him” or “because I have not given him clothing made from the wool of my sheep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:21 mf7q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people 0 Lifting up the hand against someone represents threatening to harm him. Alternate translation: “if I have threatened to harm fatherless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:21 wu45 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I saw my support in the city gate 0 Here “saw” is a metaphor for “knew,” “support” is a metaphor for “approval,” and “the city gate” is a metonym for the leaders who sit at the city gate. Alternate translation: “I knew that the leaders at the city gate would approve of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:21 w7s9 in the city gate 0 This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions. 31:21 y72n then bring charges against me 0 This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. 31:22 sqk5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “then let someone tear off my shoulder from the shoulder blade and break my arm from its joint” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:23 ss4j For I dreaded & his majesty 0 This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21. 31:24 r6lg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns If I have made gold my hope 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hope**, you can express the same idea with the verbs “trust” or “hope.” Alternate translation: “If I trusted in gold” or “If I hoped that having a lot of gold would make me secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 31:24 s4sm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism if I have said to fine gold, ‘You are what I am confident in’ 0 This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 31:25 bt3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my hand had gotten many possessions 0 Here “my hand” represents Job’s ability to do things. Alternate translation: “I have gained many possessions by my own ability” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:25 sk1t then bring charges against me 0 This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. 31:26 g5il rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the moon walking 0 Here “walking” represents moving slowly. Alternate translation: “the moon moving across the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 31:26 m93p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the moon walking in its brightness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **brightness**, you can express the same idea with the words “bright” or “brightly.” Alternate translation: “the bright moon moving across the sky” or “the moon moving brightly across the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 31:27 qcf6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche if my heart has been secretly attracted 0 Here “my heart” represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if I have been secretly attracted to them” or “if I have secretly desired to worship them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:27 wm2t rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction so that my mouth has kissed my hand 0 Here “my mouth” represents Job. This is a sign of love and devotion. Alternate translation: “so that I have kissed my hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 31:28 pwl3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive to be punished by judges 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for which judges would be right to punish me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 31:28 g5xt I would have denied the God who is above 0 Alternate translation: “I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above” 31:29 b1im rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns at the destruction of anyone who hated me 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **destruction**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “destroy.” Alternate translation: “when anyone who hated me was destroyed” or “when bad things happened to anyone who hated me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 31:29 p1nt when disaster overtook him 0 Alternate translation: “when he experienced disasters” 31:29 hvt5 then bring charges against me 0 This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. 31:30 w93c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin 0 Here “my mouth” represents Job speaking. Alternate translation: “Truly I did not let myself sin” or “Truly, I did not sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 31:30 jng4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy by asking for his life with a curse 0 Here “asking for his life with a curse” represents cursing someone’s life so that he will die. Alternate translation: “by cursing him so that he would die” or “by cursing his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:31 ng3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the men of my tent 0 The tent represents Job’s household. The men of his tent includes family members and servants. All of these knew Job well. Alternate translation: “the men of my household” or “my family members and servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:31 hwl9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can find one who has not been filled with Job’s food? 0 Job’s men would have used this question to emphasize that Job was generous to everyone. Alternate translation: “Everyone has been filled with Job’s food!” or “Everyone we know of has eaten as much of Job’s food as he wanted!”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 31:32 uns3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square 0 Job is explaining how he truly treated foreigners. Here “stay in the city square” represents sleeping overnight in the city square. Alternate translation: “foreigners have never had to sleep in the city square” or “foreigners have never had to sleep outside” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:32 h895 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy I have always opened my doors to the traveler 0 Here “opened my doors to the traveler” represents welcoming the traveler into his home. Alternate translation: “I have always welcomed the traveler into my home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:32 p6kk and if that is not so, then bring charges against me 0 This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. 31:33 sb1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If & I have hidden my sins 0 Here “have hidden my sins” represents trying to keep people from knowing that he had sinned. Alternate translation: “If … I have tried to keep my sins a secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:33 jav4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor by hiding my guilt inside my tunic 0 This represents trying to keep people from knowing that he is guilty. Alternate translation: “by hiding the evidence of my guilt inside my tunic” or “like one who hides the evidence of his guilt inside his tunic” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:34 b8ml rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me 0 This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 31:34 ia4h then bring charges against me 0 This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job’s statement in this long sentence. 31:35 i9lk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations Oh, if only I had someone to hear me! 0 This exclamation expresses Job’s wish. Alternate translation: “I wish I had someone to hear me” or “I wish that someone would listen to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 31:35 vmt3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor here is my signature 0 Here “my signature” represents Job’s promise that everything he is saying is true. He speaks of his complaint as if he had written a legal document. Alternate translation: “I solemnly promise that all I have said is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:35 v1vp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit let the Almighty answer me! 0 Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. Alternate translation: “let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong” or “I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 31:35 u84z If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written! 0 This expresses Job’s wish. Job speaks as though his troubles are evidence that someone has written something accusing him of terrible sin. Alternate translation: “I wish I had the accusation that my opponent has written” or “If only I could read my opponent’s complaint against me” 31:35 qku3 my opponent 0 This could mean: (1) this refers to God or (2) this refers to someone else. 31:36 gw5a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown 0 This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:37 l5p7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I would declare to him an accounting for my steps 0 Here “my steps” represents Job’s actions. Alternate translation: “I would declare to him an accounting for all I have done” or “I would tell him everything I have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 31:37 mvd6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as a confident prince I would go up to him 0 This means Job would approach God without any fear. Job implies that he could do this because he was not guilty. Alternate translation: “I would approach him boldly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 31:38 g2jv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThis concludes Job’s description of situations in which he would deserve God’s punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 31:38 r91t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together 0 Job speaks of being guilty as if his land were a person who cries out against Job because of the wrong Job has done to the land. Alternate translation: “If I have done wrong concerning my land” or “If I have stolen my land from someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 31:39 vfe3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to lose their lives 0 This represents dying. Alternate translation: “to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 31:40 k93z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis weeds instead of barley 0 The words “let” and “grow” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “let weeds grow instead of barley” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 32:intro pq4v 0 # Job 32 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nJob’s friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu’s four statements. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This quotation continues through the next chapter. 32:1 k2f6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he was righteous in his own eyes 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “he considered himself righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 32:2 cr7d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job 0 This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Then Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram, became very angry with Job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:2 hxc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elihu & Barakel & Ram 0 These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 32:2 l6vj rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Buzite 0 This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 32:2 iub4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he justified himself rather than God 0 This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. Alternate translation: “he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 32:3 p4aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Elihu’s anger was also kindled against his three friends 0 This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Elihu also became very angry with his three friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:4 w92d rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background Now 0 This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) 32:5 mm6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men 0 This means that the men were done speaking to Job. This speaks of the men possibly having an answer as if the answer were an object that would be in their mouths. Alternate translation: “that these three men had nothing else to say” or “that these three men had no more answers to give Job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 32:5 xt4n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor his anger was kindled 0 This compares Elihu’s anger to someone starting a fire. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he became very angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:6 jj95 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you are very old 0 Here “you” is plural and refers to Job and his three friends. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 32:7 z9d9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom 0 These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu emphasizes that since older people are wiser than younger people, they should be the first to speak of what they know. Alternate translation: “He who has lived many years should speak; He would is older should teach wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 32:8 le8v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty 0 Both phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that a man’s wisdom comes from God. Alternate translation: “there is a spirit in a man, that is, the breath of the Almighty that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 32:8 tg64 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy the breath of the Almighty 0 Here the spirit is represented by “breath.” Alternate translation: “the spirit of the Almighty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 32:11 c94u See 0 Elihu uses this word here to draw the mens’ attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 32:11 vq5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you I waited for your words 0 “I waited to hear what you would say.” The word “your” refers to Job’s friends. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 32:12 cem5 who could respond to his words 0 Here the word “respond” does not just mean to answer, but to answer with a helpful response. 32:13 ys9l We have found wisdom 0 This means that they believe that they have figured out what is wise. Alternate translation: “We have discovered what is wise” 32:13 pwq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to defeat Job 0 This speaks of God responding to Job and correcting him as if he were defeating him in battle. Alternate translation: “to refute Job” or “to answer Job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 32:14 q8fq with your words 0 Alternate translation: “by saying what you have said” 32:15 gi7d dumbfounded 0 amazed, unable to speak 32:16 k7n7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more? 0 Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. Alternate translation: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 32:17 ii5q I also will answer on my part 0 Alternate translation: “I will now take my turn to answer” 32:18 j46i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am full of words 0 Elihu speaks of having a lot to say as being full of words. Alternate translation: “I have so much to say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 32:18 t9et the spirit in me compels me 0 Alternate translation: “my spirit forces me to say it” 32:19 l5s6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst 0 While wine is fermenting, gas collects in the container. If the gas is not let out the container will burst. Elihu means that he has so much to say that if he does not speak he feels like he will burst. Also, these two phrases are parallel and have the same meaning. Alternate translation: “I feel like my breast is about to burst, like a container of fermenting wine that has no vent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 32:19 a7cz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my breast is 0 This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. Alternate translation: “my spirit is” or “I am” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 32:20 m29y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I may be refreshed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I may feel better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 32:20 w6zz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche open my lips 0 Here the “lips” represent the mouth. Alternate translation: “open my mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 32:21 mi73 neither will I give honorific titles to any man 0 Alternate translation: “neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor” 32:22 nb65 my Maker 0 This is a name referring to God. Alternate translation: “God who made me” 32:22 i4r2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism take me away 0 This means that he would destroy him. Alternate translation: “destroy me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 33:intro t7rx 0 # Job 33 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAccording to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### God’s mercy\nWhile Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh’s mercy. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]]) 33:1 m7lu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism hear my speech; listen to all my words 0 These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 33:2 j572 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism I have opened my mouth & my tongue has spoken in my mouth 0 These mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that he is now ready to speak. His “tongue” speaking represents himself speaking. Alternate translation: “I have opened my mouth and I have begun to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 33:3 u1kk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche My words come from the uprightness of my heart 0 Here Elihu refers to himself by his “heart” as he speaks of being upright. Alternate translation: “I will speak with uprightness” or “I will speak with complete honesty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:3 j6sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche my lips speak pure knowledge 0 Here Elihu refers to himself by his “lips” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “I will speak sincerely to you the things I know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:4 g749 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism The Spirit of God & has given me life 0 These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 33:5 ikf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor set your words in order before me and stand up 0 This speaks of Job preparing what he will say as if he were setting up and organizing physical objects. Alternate translation: “prepare what you will say, and stand up and answer me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:6 ie4u See 0 Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 33:6 dis8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I am just as you are in God’s sight 0 Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “I am just as you are in God’s judgment” or “God judges me the same way that he judges you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:6 ym3b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I also have been formed out of the clay 0 Though people are not made out of clay, God has made everyone as a potter carefully makes things out of clay. Alternate translation: “God has made both of us just as a potter forms things from clay” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:6 q828 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I also have been formed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God has also made me” or “God has formed both of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 33:7 dmb1 terror of me will not make you afraid 0 Alternate translation: “you do not need to be afraid of me” 33:7 y53l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor neither will my pressure be heavy upon you 0 This means that he will not hinder Job or burden him. He speaks of emotional burden here as if it were a heavy physical burden. Alternate translation: “neither will I burden you” or “I will not oppress you with what I say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:8 zu7c in my hearing 0 Alternate translation: “where I could hear you” 33:8 c2f7 I have heard the sound of your words saying 0 Alternate translation: “I have heard you say” 33:9 f62q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clean 0 A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:9 h3f9 there is no sin in me 0 Alternate translation: “I have not sinned” 33:10 f8tf See 0 The speaker uses this word here to draw attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 33:11 ra4e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He puts my feet in stocks 0 “Stocks” are wooden blocks a jailer puts around a prisoner’s feet to restrict his movement. Job speaks of feeling like he is a prisoner by saying that he is in stocks. Alternate translation: “I feel he has made me a prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:11 w3ja rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my paths 0 These words refer to where he goes. Here where he goes represents what he does. Alternate translation: “everything that I do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 33:12 bbu1 I will answer you 0 Elihu is speaking to Job. 33:13 z74q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Why do you struggle against him? 0 Elihu uses this question to emphasize that Job should not struggle against God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You should not struggle against God.” or “You should not try to argue with God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 33:13 m749 He does not account for any of his doings 0 Alternate translation: “He does not have to explain to us anything he does” 33:14 gyh6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom God speaks once—yes, twice 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “God speaks again and again in different ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 33:15 zz7a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism a dream & a vision of the night 0 These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 33:15 vq5q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed 0 This speaks of people being in a deep sleep as if the sleep fell upon them or overcame them. Alternate translation: “when people are fully asleep on their bed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:16 cgu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor then God opens the ears of men 0 This speaks of God making people aware of things as if he were opening their ears so that they could hear. Alternate translation: “then God reveals things to people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:17 qd6y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor in order to pull man back from 0 This speaks of God keeping someone from doing something as if he were physically pulling him away from harm. Alternate translation: “in order to keep him from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:18 t4um rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism God keeps man’s life back from the pit & his life from crossing over to death 0 Both of these statements mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “God saves people from the grave and from death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 33:18 d93m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pit 0 The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:18 bd6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom man’s life back & his life 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “man from dying and … he keeps him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 33:18 lgc1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy from crossing over to death 0 Here “death” represents the place where people go when they die, that is, sheol. Alternate translation: “from going to sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 33:19 pgn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Man is punished also 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God also punishes a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 33:19 x9jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit with pain on his bed 0 This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. Alternate translation: “with pain so that he must lie in bed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 33:20 ubm9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing, that the person is in so much pain that he cannot even eat. The person is represented by his “life” and his “soul.” Alternate translation: “the result is that he does not desire any food, not even very special food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:20 x7zp abhors delicacies 0 Alternate translation: “hates even very special food” 33:21 f64y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. “His flesh” refers to his fat and muscles, not to his body’s outer skin. Alternate translation: “Disease makes his body weak and thin so that a person can see his bones” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 33:22 gup8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his soul draws close to the pit 0 Here a person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “he is close to going into the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:22 v3zi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pit 0 The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:22 ne1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his life to those who wish to destroy it 0 Here the person is represented by his “life.” The phrase “those who wish to destroy it” refers to the place where people go after they die. Alternate translation: “and he is close to going to the place where dead people go” or “and he will soon go to the place of the dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 33:23 kt34 for him 0 This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general. 33:23 zbw1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one out of a thousand 0 In some languages it may be more natural to refer to “a great number” instead of “a thousand.” Alternate translation: “one from the great number of angels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 33:24 a1rp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pit 0 The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:24 es6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit I have found a ransom for him 0 This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. Alternate translation: “for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 33:25 ze1v Then 0 This word is used here to mark what will happen if God grants the angel’s request. Alternate translation: “Then as a result” or “As a result of the angel’s request to God” 33:25 mu51 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his flesh will become fresher than a child’s 0 This speaks of the man being healed and his body growing strong again as if his body became new like a child’s body. Alternate translation: “the sick man’s body will become new again like a young person’s body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 33:25 k7le rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole fresher than a child’s 0 In this comparison, the word “fresher” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “fresh like a child’s” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) 33:25 n9hs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis a child’s 0 This refers to a child’s flesh. Alternate translation: “a child’s flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 33:25 s1tk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it is restored to the days of his youth 0 This speaks of the man’s flesh again being as strong as it was when he was young. Alternate translation: “it will become strong again, as it was when he was young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:26 yt2q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he sees God’s face with joy 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he joyfully worships God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 33:26 d3zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche God’s face 0 Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:26 ysy8 God will give the person his triumph 0 Alternate translation: “God will save the person” or “God will make things right for the person again” 33:27 t53p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive but my sin was not punished 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but God did not punish me for sinning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 33:28 wt12 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche rescued my soul from going down into the pit 0 Here the person is referred to by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “rescued me from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:28 u2a3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pit 0 The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:28 f6ps rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy my life will continue to see light 0 Here the person is represented by his “life.” Also, living is spoken of as seeing the light. Alternate translation: “I will continue to live and see the daylight” or “I will continue to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:29 m27i See 0 Elihu uses this word here to draw Job’s attention to what he says next. Alternate translation: “Listen” 33:29 w47t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom twice, yes, even three times 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “again and again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 33:30 b2bf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his soul 0 The person is represented by his “soul.” Alternate translation: “him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 33:30 cik5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to bring his soul back from the pit 0 This speaks of saving the man from dying as if he had died and was being brought back to life. Alternate translation: “to keep him from dying and going to the pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:30 qg5z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the pit 0 The place where people go when they die is referred to here as “the pit.” Alternate translation: “the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 33:30 myd4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive he may be enlightened with the light of life 0 This is an idiom and may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he may be happy to still be alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 33:31 z1l9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet Pay attention, Job, and listen to me 0 These phrases mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully to me, Job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 33:32 g3l6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom that you are in the right 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:intro b9ku 0 # Job 34 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAccording to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s justice\nElihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) 34:1 h9vc Moreover, Elihu 0 Alternate translation: “Then, Elihu” 34:1 yw36 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Elihu 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 32:2](../32/02.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 34:2 k8a4 Listen to my words 0 Alternate translation: “Listen to what I say” 34:2 zux7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony you wise men & you who have knowledge 0 Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 34:3 ln8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food 0 Elihu means people listen carefully to determine what is right or wrong just like we taste food to determine if it is good or bad. Here people are referred to by their “ear” and their “palate” to emphasize that they are tasting and hearing. Alternate translation: “For we listen to words to know what is good and bad, just as we taste foods to know what is good to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 34:4 v6hj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Let us 0 Here “us” refers to Elihu, Job, and his three friends. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 34:5 k2e1 has taken away my rights 0 Alternate translation: “refused to give me justice” 34:6 k523 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive I am considered to be a liar 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God considers me to be a liar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 34:6 i95p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My wound is incurable 0 Here Job’s sickness and suffering is spoken of as if it were a “wound.” Alternate translation: “I am sick and no one can heal me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 34:7 nd2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion What man is like Job 0 Elihu uses this rhetorical question to scold Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “There is no one else like Job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:7 glm5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile who drinks up mockery like water 0 Elihu is accusing Job of mocking others as often as a person drinks water. Alternate translation: “who mocks other people as frequently as he drinks water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 34:8 j3zr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who walks with wicked men 0 Here “walk” is an idiom for how a person acts. Alternate translation: “who behaves like wicked men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 34:10 n22e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony you men of understanding 0 Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 34:10 meh8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism far be it from God & far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin 0 These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that God would never do anything wrong. The phrase “far be it from” is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Almighty God would never consider doing anything that is wicked or wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:11 ia8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor For he pays back a person’s work 0 This means that he gives to a person what he deserves for the work he has done. Here “work” is a metaphor for what a person does. Alternate translation: “For he gives to a person what he deserves in return for he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 34:11 y31y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways 0 The phrase “his own ways” is an idiom for how a person lives his life. Elihu emphasizes that God gives to people what they deserve. Alternate translation: “he causes every man to receive the reward he deserves for how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:13 n1w5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him? 0 Both of these rhetorical questions have the same meaning and emphasize that no one needed to grant God authority because it was already his. These questions can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “No one needed to give permission to God to take responsibility over all the earth. He is the rightful one to rule the world.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:14 d4kx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo If he ever 0 Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) 34:14 t8rt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit his spirit and his breath 0 The “spirit” and “breath” of God are what makes all living things alive. Alternate translation: “his spirit and breath which give us life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:15 lah1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche all flesh 0 Here all living things are represented by their “flesh.” Alternate translation: “all living things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 34:15 tmc7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit mankind would return to dust again 0 This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. Alternate translation: “the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:16 h7bg now 0 Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say. 34:16 lpb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you you have 0 Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 34:16 giw9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism listen to the sound of my words 0 “listen to what I say.” This means the same as the previous part of the sentence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 34:17 rc4c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? 0 Elihu uses this question to rebuke Job for implying that God hates justice. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot be expected to rule over people. So you really cannot criticize God, who is righteous and powerful, and you cannot say that what he has done is wrong.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:17 s1zl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can one who hates justice govern? 0 The implicit answer to this rhetorical question is “no.” This question implies that God could not rule the world if he hated justice. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “One who hates justice cannot govern the world.” or “God could certainly never hate what is right and still rule the world.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:17 l8xs rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty? 0 This rhetorical question is used to emphasize that Job does not have the authority or a reason to condemn God. Alternate translation: “You cannot condemn God, who is righteous and mighty!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:18 n5xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion God, who says to a king, ‘You are vile,’ or says to nobles, ‘You are wicked’? 0 This continues the rhetorical question from the previous verse, emphasizing to Job that he cannot condemn God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He says to some kings, ‘You are vile,’ and he says to some nobles, ‘You are wicked.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:18 pa2a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis God, who says to a king 0 This is part of the previous question. The understood words from the previous verse, “will you condemn God,” may be supplied. Alternate translation: “Will you condemn God, who says to a king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 34:18 n3qi vile 0 Alternate translation: “evil” or “worthless” 34:19 sj41 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy for they all are the work of his hands 0 Here “hands” refer to power. Alternate translation: “for God made them all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 34:20 xkd5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom at midnight 0 Midnight is the time when one day ends and another begins. Here “midnight” is used as an idiom. Alternate translation: “at night” or “suddenly, at night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:20 yx7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive people will be shaken and will pass away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The phrase “will be shaken” is an idiom that means to be “struck.” Alternate translation: “God strikes them and they die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:20 nq3g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands 0 This means that it is God who causes people to die, not people. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “it is God and not humans who cause mighty people to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 34:20 dsu9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche not by human hands 0 Here people are represented by their “hands.” Alternate translation: “not by humans” or “not by people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 34:21 syl2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy For God’s eyes are upon a person’s ways 0 God’s “eyes” represent his sight. The phrase “a person’s ways” is an idiom for what he does and how he lives. Alternate translation: “For God watches everything a person does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:21 wn28 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he sees all his steps 0 This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. Alternate translation: “he sees him wherever he goes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:22 em2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet no darkness, no thick gloom 0 The words “thick gloom” mean basically the same thing as, and intensify, the word “darkness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) 34:23 dy7z in judgment 0 Alternate translation: “so he may judge him” or “to be judged” 34:24 hwl1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom He breaks mighty men into pieces 0 This speaks of God destroying these men as if he actually broke their bodies into pieces. Alternate translation: “He destroys mighty men” or “He destroys important people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:24 nyi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit for their ways that need no further investigation 0 He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. Alternate translation: “without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:24 i96c their ways 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “the things they have done” 34:24 z5n9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he puts others in their places 0 This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. Alternate translation: “and he chooses other people to rule in their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:25 hq7v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the night 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “when they are not expecting it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:25 rxl8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they are destroyed 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and destroys them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 34:26 mwg7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals 0 This phrase compares the way that these people die to how criminals die. Alternate translation: “He kills them for their wicked deeds, in the open sight of others as if they were criminals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 34:26 y46j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom In the open sight of others 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “In a place where everyone can see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:26 af3k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he kills them 0 This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. Alternate translation: “he causes them to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:27 mv8l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom his ways 0 This refers to God’s instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:28 d5r1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns they made the cry of poor people come to him 0 The word “cry” can be expressed as a verb. This speaks of God hearing their cry as if the cry were a person that came to him. Alternate translation: “they made the poor people cry, and God heard them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 34:29 w485 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him? 0 These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 34:29 k61c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion When he stays silent, who can condemn him? 0 Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can criticize God if he decides to remain silent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:29 j5ex rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If he hides his face, who can perceive him? 0 Elihu uses this rhetorical question to teach Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can go and see him if he decides to hide his face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:29 pdu7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his face 0 Here God is represented by his “face.” Alternate translation: “himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 34:30 n7qw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor no one to entrap people 0 This compares a godless ruler harming people as if he were a hunter trapping his prey. Alternate translation: “no one to harm the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 34:32 u6ly rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy teach me what I cannot see 0 Here to “see” means to know. Alternate translation: “teach me what I have done wrong that I am not aware of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 34:33 kc72 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you think that God will punish that person’s sin, since you dislike what God does? 0 “Since you dislike what God does, do you think that God should punish this person’s sin?” Elihu uses this rhetorical question to emphasize that he should not think that God will not punish this man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Even though you do not like what God does, surely even you do not think that God will punish this person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 34:33 xdv4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy that person’s sin 0 Here punishing the person because of his sin is referred to as punishing the “person’s sin.” Alternate translation: “that person because of his sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 34:33 nw6c since you dislike 0 Alternate translation: “because you dislike” 34:33 px78 what it is that you know 0 Alternate translation: “what you are thinking about this” 34:34 qbs3 who hears me 0 Alternate translation: “who hears me speaking” 34:36 znm7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If only Job were put on trial in 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If only we could put Job on trial in” or “If only we could take Job to court so a judge could listen to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 34:36 mvs5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom in the smallest details of his case 0 This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “to listen to his case thoroughly” or “to hear all of the details of his case” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 34:36 w7eb of his talking like wicked men 0 Alternate translation: “of how he has spoken like a wicked man” 34:37 jr4v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he adds rebellion 0 This refers to rebellion against God. Alternate translation: “he adds rebellion against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 34:37 fm5k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit he claps his hands in mockery in our midst 0 In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. Alternate translation: “he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst” or “he mocks God right in front of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 34:37 g7nc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he piles up words against God 0 Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words against God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 35:intro mfr6 0 # Job 35 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAccording to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job’s statements against him.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nElihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu’s argument. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Ironic situation\nElihu explains the irony of Job’s claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) 35:2 s9jw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you think this is just & ‘My right before God’? 0 Elihu uses questions to challenge Job. Alternate translation: “You must think you are right … ‘My right before God.’” or “It is not just … ‘My right before God.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 35:2 yh9l Do you think this is just when you say 0 Alternate translation: “Do you think it is right for you to say” 35:2 g7jg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you Do you think 0 Here “you” is singular and refers to Job. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) 35:2 l3t8 My right before God 0 This could mean: (1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or (2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right. 35:3 w8qv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion For you ask, ‘What use is it to me?’ and, ‘Would I be better off if I had sinned?’ 0 Elihu quotes Job as saying the these two rhetorical questions. Alternate translation: “For you say, ‘It does not benefit me’ and, ‘I am no better off than if I had sinned.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 35:4 tp7p Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nElihu continues speaking. 35:6 t2vl Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nElihu continues speaking. 35:6 pdd2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism If you have sinned & what do you do to him? 0 These two lines share similar meanings. The second line intensifies the meaning of the first line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 35:6 t1v8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God? 0 Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job’s sins cannot actually do anything to God. Alternate translation: “If you have sinned, you have not done any harm to God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 35:6 s7x4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him? 0 Elihu speaks of “transgressions” as if they were objects, and of committing many transgressions as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. He asks this question to emphasize that Job does nothing to God by his transgressions. Alternate translation: “If you committed a great many transgressions, you still do nothing to him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 35:7 m97k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand? 0 The two rhetorical questions mean basically the same thing, that Job’s righteousness adds nothing to God. Alternate translation: “If you are righteous, that does not enable you to give anything to him, and there is nothing that he will receive from your hand.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 35:7 i418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche receive from your hand 0 Here the word “hand” represents Job. Alternate translation: “receive from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 35:8 fa27 another son of man 0 Alternate translation: “another human-being” or “another person” 35:9 p9sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns Because of many acts of oppression 0 The word “oppression” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “Because of the many things that people do to oppress others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 35:9 zb6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy they call for help from the arms of mighty men 0 Here “arms” refers to power or strength. Alternate translation: “they call for someone to deliver them from the power of mighty men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 35:10 f89r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor who gives songs in the night 0 Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 35:12 gme8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nElihu continues speaking. 35:12 xj4y they cry out 0 Alternate translation: “the oppressed people cry out” 35:14 di2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations How much less will he answer you & that you are waiting for him! 0 Since God will not hear the prayers of prideful, evil men, it is even less likely that he will hear Job, who is complaining against him. Alternate translation: “So he certainly will not answer you … that you are waiting for him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]]) 35:14 njy6 that your case is before him 0 Alternate translation: “you have presented your case to him” 35:14 c513 you are waiting for him 0 Alternate translation: “you are waiting for him to respond” 35:15 ub2k Now you say that his anger does not punish, and he does not take even a litte notice of transgression 0 Because Job is saying these things about God that are untrue, it is even less likely that God will answer Job’s prayers. 35:15 kpu8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy his anger does not punish 0 Here “his anger” is a metonym for “him.” Alternate translation: “he never punishes anyone because he is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 35:16 ben3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he piles up words without knowledge 0 Elihu speaks of “words” as if they were objects, and of speaking many words as if it were piling those objects one on top of the other. The word “knowledge” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “he speaks many words without knowing what he is talking about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 36:intro pp2j 0 # Job 36 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAccording to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu’s four statements and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s justice\nThis chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) 36:2 h1hx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will show you some things 0 Elihu speaks of explaining things to Job as if he were going to show those things to Job. Alternate translation: “I will explain some things to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:3 c3pd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I will obtain my knowledge from far off 0 Elihu speaks of having knowledge of many different subjects as if it were getting his knowledge from far away places. Alternate translation: “I will show you my great knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:3 u4g9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns that righteousness belongs to my Maker 0 Here the word “righteousness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “that my Maker is righteous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 36:4 sqx3 my words will not be false 0 Alternate translation: “what I say will not be false” 36:4 br1k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor someone who is mature in knowledge is with you 0 The word “someone” refers to Elihu himself. He speaks of being very knowledgeable as if it were being mature in knowledge. Alternate translation: “I, who am with you, am very knowledgeable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:5 z14c See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 36:5 j9ct rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet he is mighty in strength of understanding 0 The phrase “mighty in strength” forms a doublet that means “very strong.” Elihu speaks of God understanding everything perfectly as if his understanding were very strong. Alternate translation: “he is very strong in understanding” or “he understands everything completely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:7 q9mj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people 0 Elihu speaks of God protecting righteous people as if God were watching them with his eyes, and of God ceasing to protect them as if he withdrew his eyes from them. Alternate translation: “He does not stop protecting the righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:7 yc6f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor sets them on thrones like kings 0 Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:7 x6yz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they are lifted up 0 Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if he lifted them up to a high place. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he lifts them up” or “he honors them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 36:8 a6cw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive If they are bound in chains 0 Here the word “they” refers righteous people whom God will discipline if they sin. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “If someone binds them in chains” or “If someone makes them a prisoner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 36:8 f3xm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor trapped in cords of suffering 0 Elihu speaks of a person being made to suffer as if that person were trapped in ropes that cause suffering. Alternate translation: “someone causes them to suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 36:9 qj2k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis their transgressions and their pride 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he reveals to them their transgressions and their pride” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 36:10 i8aj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He also opens their ears 0 Elihu speaks of causing a person to listen as if it were opening that person’s ear. Alternate translation: “He also causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:10 gn8h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns to his instruction 0 The noun “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “to what he is instructing them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 36:10 emb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to turn back from iniquity 0 Elihu speaks of stopping an action as if it were turning back from it. Alternate translation: “to stop committing iniquity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:11 hx9k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment 0 The words “days” and “years” both refer to the person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 36:12 q2nz rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they will perish by the sword 0 Elihu speaks of a person dying violently as if someone had killed them with a sword. Alternate translation: “they will die a violent death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:13 j1gi rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy who are godless in heart 0 Here the word “heart” refers to the thoughts and emotions. The phrase may indicate that the person stubbornly refuses to trust God. Alternate translation: “who refuse to trust in God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 36:13 z1u5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor store up their anger 0 Elihu speaks of a person remaining angry as if that person stored up their anger like one would store up treasure. Alternate translation: “are always angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:13 a4sw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor even when God ties them up 0 Elihu speaks of God disciplining people as if God were tying them up with ropes. Alternate translation: “even when God punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:14 ny42 their lives end among the cultic prostitutes 0 Here “cultic prostitutes” refers to young men who served in pagan temples performing sexually immoral acts as part of their rituals. This phrase could mean: (1) the godless die because of their immoral behavior or (2) the godless die in shame and disgrace. 36:15 wt6t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he opens their ears 0 Elihu speaks of God causing a person to listen as if God were opening their ears. See how you translated this in [Job 36:10](../36/10.md). Alternate translation: “he causes them to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:16 h4g2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor into a broad place where there is no hardship 0 Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:16 qjt9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor where your table would be set with food full of fatness 0 Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one’s table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:16 yn9l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive your table would be set 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your servants would set your table” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 36:16 pw88 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom food full of fatness 0 Meat that had plenty of fat on it was a sign of prosperity because the animals were healthy and well-fed. Alternate translation: “the very best food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 36:17 ybk9 you are full of judgment on wicked people 0 This could mean: (1) “God is punishing you as he would punish the wicked” or (2) “you are obsessed with the judgment that the wicked deserve.” 36:17 ji7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification judgment and justice have laid hold of you 0 Elihu speaks of God judging Job and giving him justice as if judgment and justice were people that have laid hold of Job. Alternate translation: “God has brought you to judgment and given you justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 36:18 mp6j Do not let your anger entice you to mockery 0 Some versions of the Bible translate this as “Beware that you are not enticed by wealth.” 36:19 m4pr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you? 0 Elihu asks these questions to state that money and power will not be able to help Job if he acts unjustly. Alternate translation: “Your wealth cannot cause you to no longer be in distress, and all the force of your strength cannot help you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 36:19 z8pw all the force of your strength 0 Alternate translation: “all of your great strength” or “all of your mighty efforts” 36:20 q5v5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor when peoples are cut off in their place 0 This could mean: (1) that “peoples” refers to people in general and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for oppressing others by dragging them away from their homes. Alternate translation: “when people drag others away from their homes” or (2) that “peoples” represents nations and “cut off in their place” is a metaphor for nations being destroyed. Alternate translation: “when nations will perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:21 qhr8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive you are being tested by suffering 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God is testing you by making you suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 36:22 c7mn See, God 0 Alternate translation: “You know this already: God” 36:22 x4qx God is exalted in his power 0 This could mean: (1) “God is extremely powerful” or (2) “people exalt God because he is powerful” 36:22 ay6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion who is a teacher like him? 0 Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one is a teacher like God. Alternate translation: “no one is a teacher like him.” or “no one teaches like he does.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 36:23 r88v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has ever instructed him about his way? 0 Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one has ever taught God what to do. Alternate translation: “No one has ever instructed him about what he should do.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 36:23 tz9r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness?’ 0 Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can accuse God of having committed unrighteousness. Alternate translation: “No one can ever say to him, ‘You have committed unrighteousness.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 36:25 c8rq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor they see those deeds only from far away 0 Elihu speaks of people not being fully able to understand God’s deeds as if people were only able to see those deeds from far away. Alternate translation: “they do not fully understand them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:26 k1vw See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you” 36:26 zd6h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom the number of his years is incalculable 0 This refers to how long God has existed. Alternate translation: “people cannot know how long he has lived” or “people cannot know his age” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 36:27 z98g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit that he distills as rain from his vapor 0 The word “distills” can also mean “refine” or “filter.” Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. Alternate translation: “that he turns into rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 36:29 q3k1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut? 0 Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do these things. Alternate translation: “no one can understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 36:29 a4ve rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns the extensive spread of the clouds 0 The phrase “the extensive spread” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “how the clouds spread across the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 36:29 wh4w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor from his hut 0 Elihu speaks of the sky as if it were a “hut” in which God lives. Alternate translation: “from the sky, where God lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:30 ip5f See, he spreads 0 Alternate translation: “Look carefully and see how he spreads” 36:30 e9es rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor and covers the roots of the sea 0 Elihu speaks of the deep parts of the sea as if the sea were a plant and its depths were its roots. This could mean: (1) although the lightning causes light in the sky, the deep parts of the sea remain dark. Alternate translation: “but the depths of the sea remain dark” or (2) the lightning in the sky cause even the depths of the sea to have light. Alternate translation: “and lights up the depths of the sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:32 tsi9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor He fills his hands with the lightning 0 Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. This could mean: (1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or (2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 36:33 k3qk Its thunder 0 Alternate translation: “The thunder caused by the lightning” or “The thunder” 36:33 se83 hear it is coming 0 Alternate translation: “hear that the storm is coming” 37:intro ccm7 0 # Job 37 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nAccording to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu’s four statements, and it is addressed first to Job’s friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job’s friends.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s justice\nThis chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won’t always come in this life. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]]) 37:1 mup1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism my heart trembles & it is moved out of its place 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 37:1 eid2 my heart trembles at this 0 The word “this” refers to the storm in [Job 36:33](../36/33.md). 37:1 nhy8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor it is moved out of its place 0 Elihu speaks of his heart beating violently as if it were to jump out of his chest. Alternate translation: “it moves out of its place” or “it beats violently” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 37:2 ilg9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth 0 These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God’s voice. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 37:3 q5ea rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to the edges of the earth 0 Elihu speaks of the farthest places on the earth as if they were the earth’s borders. Alternate translation: “everywhere in the world” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:4 l4nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor A voice roars after it & the voice of his majesty 0 Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God’s voice. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:4 x26r roars after it 0 Alternate translation: “roars after the lightning” 37:4 nei1 the voice of his majesty 0 Alternate translation: “his majestic voice” 37:4 k5js rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when his voice is heard 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when people hear his voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 37:6 btz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis likewise to the rain shower 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise, he says to the rain shower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 37:7 y45f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche He stops the hand of every man 0 Here the word “hand” represents the entire person. Alternate translation: “He stops every man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 37:9 cpb8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north 0 In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 37:9 j84c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor The storm comes from its chamber in the south 0 Elihu speaks of the storm blowing in from the south as if the storm has a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:10 u9mk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor By the breath of God ice is given 0 Elihu speaks of the cold north wind as if it were God’s breath. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God’s breath makes ice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 37:10 dc5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile frozen like metal 0 Elihu compares the hardness of ice to the hardness of metal. Alternate translation: “frozen, as hard as metal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 37:11 gl6n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor he weighs down the thick cloud with moisture 0 Elihu speaks of God causing the storm clouds to be full of water as if the moisture weighed heavily on the clouds. Alternate translation: “he causes the thick clouds to be full of moisture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:13 it32 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns sometimes it happens for correction 0 The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. The object of his “correction” is people. Alternate translation: “sometimes it happens to correct his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 37:13 mjf4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit sometimes for his land 0 This means that the rain waters the ground and causes vegetation to grow. Alternate translation: “sometimes to water the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 37:13 uep4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns sometimes as acts of covenant faithfulness 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **faithfulness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “sometimes to act faithfully to his covenant” or “sometimes to be faithful to his people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 37:15 ch2b rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you know how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them? 0 Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot know this. Alternate translation: “You cannot understand how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 37:15 cbz2 establishes the clouds 0 Alternate translation: “controls the clouds” or “makes the clouds obey him” 37:16 w6jd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge? 0 Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 37:16 z95q the floating of the clouds 0 Alternate translation: “how the clouds float” 37:16 s2ui rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis the marvelous deeds of God 0 The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or do you understand the marvelous deeds of God” or “and you do not understand the marvelous deeds of God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 37:17 a6f1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you understand how your garments become hot & from the south? 0 Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job does not know these things. Alternate translation: “You do not understand how your garments become hot … from the south.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 37:17 hy96 how your garments become hot 0 Alternate translation: “how you become hot in your clothes” or “how you sweat in your clothes” 37:17 r98k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit because the wind comes from the south 0 In Israel, hot winds blow in across the desert from the south and cause hot temperatures. Alternate translation: “because of the hot, dry wind blowing in from the south” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 37:18 zlb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you spread out the sky & a mirror of cast metal? 0 Elihu asks this question to emphasize that Job cannot do this. Alternate translation: “You cannot spread out the sky … a mirror of cast metal.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 37:18 c2kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor as strong as a mirror of cast metal 0 In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky giving no rain as if it were as hard as solid metal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:18 ww4s cast metal 0 This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold, and then hardens as it cools. 37:19 s7ig rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive Teach us what we should say to him 0 Here the words “us” and “we” refer to Elihu, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar, but not to Job. Elihu uses this phrase sarcastically. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) 37:19 q3st rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor because of the darkness of our minds 0 Elihu speaks of the inability to understand as if it were having darkness in one’s mind. Alternate translation: “because we do not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:20 z1tr rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should he be told that I wish to speak with him? 0 Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one can do this. Alternate translation: “I cannot have someone tell him that I wish to speak with him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 37:20 fp7n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Should he be told 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Should I have someone tell him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 37:20 b2q9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Would a person wish to be swallowed up? 0 Elihu asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that no one would want this to happen. Alternate translation: “No person would want to be swallowed up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 37:20 x2hn rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to be swallowed up 0 Elihu speaks of a person being destroyed as if the person were swallowed up. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for God to destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 37:22 l64j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor over God is fearsome majesty 0 The word “fearsome” means that it causes fear. Elihu speaks of God’s majesty as if it were something that rests upon God. Alternate translation: “God’s majesty causes people to fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:23 c4sd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor we cannot find him 0 This could mean: (1) “we cannot approach him” or (2) this is a metaphor in which Elihu speaks of a person’s being unable to fully understand God as if he could not find God. Alternate translation: “we cannot comprehend him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 37:24 n2pv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy those who are wise in their own minds 0 Here “minds” represents the person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “those who are wise in their own thinking” or “those who consider themselves to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 38:intro bs8p 0 # Job 38 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s greatness\nYahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nYahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:1 b53y Then Yahweh called 0 Here, the word “then” marks the beginning of a new part of the book. See if your language has a similar way to introduce a new scene. Alternate translation: “After all that had happened, Yahweh called. 38:1 zh2u called to Job 0 Alternate translation: “answered Job” or “responded to Job” 38:1 zk13 out of a fierce storm 0 Alternate translation: “from a powerful storm” 38:2 ln5m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job spoke of things he did not know about. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You bring darkness to my plans by means of words without knowledge.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:2 u9fl Who is this who brings 0 Alternate translation: “Who are you to bring” 38:2 kw1v rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor brings darkness to plans 0 “obscures my plans” or “confuses my purposes.” How Job confuses God’s plans is spoken of as if he were making God’s plans harder to see. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “darkens.” Alternate translation: “darkens plans” or “makes plans hard to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:2 lq69 by means of words without knowledge 0 Alternate translation: “by speaking of things about which you do not know” 38:2 nng1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns words without knowledge 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “unknowing words” or “ignorant words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:3 ur9i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom gird up your loins like a man 0 “tie your robe up around your waist like a man.” Men tied up their robes around their waists so that their legs could move more freely as they did heavy work. The idiom “gird up your loins like a man” means to get ready to do something involving action such as work, a contest, or a battle. Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. Alternate translation: “get yourself ready for hard work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 38:4 k38w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:4 xgy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me where you were when I laid the foundations of the earth, if you have so much understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:4 e2l4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I laid the earth’s foundations 0 Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:4 p418 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns if you have so much understanding 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “understand.” Alternate translation: “if you understand so much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:5 y99g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who determined its dimensions, if you know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:5 sp2s dimensions 0 Alternate translation: “size” 38:5 nt85 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who stretched the measuring line over it? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who stretched the measuring line over it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:5 wjp1 measuring line 0 a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape 38:6 i7br rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe word “its” refers to the earth. Yahweh uses more questions to emphasize that Job could never understand how great God is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:6 a776 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:6 i5wb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion On what were its foundations laid? 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind this questionas a statement. Alternate translation: “On what did I set its foundations?” or “Tell me on what its foundations were laid.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:6 p5tv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who laid its cornerstone 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who laid its cornerstone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:7 r55l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:7 g3kf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion when the morning stars & the sons of God shouted for joy? 0 Job finishes the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who laid its cornerstone” in verse 6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “Tell me who laid its cornerstone when the morning stars … the sons of God shouted for joy.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:7 ql8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification when the morning stars sang together 0 The morning stars are spoken of as singing like people sing. Possible meanings are: (1) the “morning stars” are the same as the “sons of God” in the next line or (2) “the morning stars” refer to stars in the sky. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:7 z79e the morning stars 0 Alternate translation: “the bright stars that shine in the morning” 38:7 j365 sons of God 0 This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in [Job 1:6](../01/06.md). 38:7 x5id rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns shouted for joy 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **joy**, you can express the same idea with the adverb “joyfully.” Alternate translation: “shouted joyfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:7 uc38 for joy 0 Alternate translation: “because they were full of joy” 38:8 nk5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:8 h82c Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:8 i6wl rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who shut up the sea & of the womb 0 This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up the sea … of the womb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:8 x8t1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor shut up the sea with doors 0 Yahweh compares the way that he prevented the sea from covering all of the earth to holding it back with doors. Alternate translation: “prevented the water from flooding over the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:8 txy1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile as if it had come out of the womb 0 Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 38:9 un26 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who shut up” in verse 8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:9 fhm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion when I made clouds & and thick darkness its swaddling bands? 0 This can be translated as a command. Alternate translation: “Tell me who shut up … when I made clouds … and thick darkness its swaddling bands.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:9 n9tt its clothing 0 Alternate translation: “as clothes for the sea” 38:9 zkz3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns thick darkness its swaddling bands 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **darkness**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “dark.” Alternate translation: “made dark clouds its swaddling bands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:9 s1lf swaddling bands 0 long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born 38:10 iq3r I marked out for the sea my boundary 0 Alternate translation: “I made a boundary for the sea” 38:10 j829 boundary 0 Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross. 38:10 hyj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor I placed its bars and doors 0 Yahweh compares the way that he made a boundary for the sea to containing the sea with bars and doors. Alternate translation: “I set up its barriers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:10 b38y bars 0 long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut 38:11 hv5f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification when I said to it 0 “when I said to the sea.” Yahweh speaks to the sea as though it were a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:11 ixn6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit You may come this far, but no farther 0 The words “this far” mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. Alternate translation: “You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 38:11 iy3q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to the pride of your waves 0 “to the power of your waves.” The waves are spoken of as if they could have pride. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **pride**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “proud.” Alternate translation: “to your proud waves” or “to your powerful waves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:12 c1ks rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:12 b56i rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:12 hi2g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you & to know its place 0 This question expects a negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:12 i57a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification given orders to the morning 0 Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:12 gc16 caused the dawn to know its place 0 Alternate translation: “caused the dawn to know where it belongs” 38:12 q9wm dawn 0 the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises 38:13 zak3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. 38:13 l3k7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion so that it might take hold & shake the wicked out of it? 0 This is the end of the rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you given” in verse 12. This question expects a negative answer. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “You have never given … so that it might take hold … shaken the wicked out of it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:13 s9db rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor take hold of the edges of the earth 0 The light of dawn is spoken of as if it seizes the horizons of the earth. Alternate translation: “grasp the ends of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:13 m62q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor shake the wicked out of it 0 The daylight is pictured as causing wicked people to leave like shaking something to remove unwanted things. Alternate translation: “shake wicked people out of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:14 m9rx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal 0 At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 38:14 dn8y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing 0 Here “it” refers to the earth. This phrase has a similar meaning to the first phrase in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 38:15 w5i8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive From wicked people their ‘light’ is taken away 0 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The morning takes away the ‘light’ of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:15 jfq3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony their ‘light’ 0 The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 38:15 e6v7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor their uplifted arm is broken 0 The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:16 e754 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:16 yt52 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:16 vy8n rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you gone to the sources of the waters of the sea? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not gone to the sources of the waters of the sea.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:16 lcg5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you walked in the lowest parts of the deep? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have not walked in the lowest parts of the deep.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:16 kmu4 the sources of the waters 0 Alternate translation: “the springs” 38:16 jrv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the deep 0 This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 38:17 a7xy rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Have the gates of death been revealed to you 0 Death is spoken of as if it were a city that had gates through which people enter into it. This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “Has anyone shown the gates of death to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:17 g37w the shadow of death 0 See how you translated this in [Job 3:5](../03/05.md). 38:18 q2iv rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you understood the earth in its expanse? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not understand the earth in its expanse.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:18 k9n7 the earth in its expanse 0 Alternate translation: “the great broad places of the earth” 38:18 l8zz if you know it all 0 Alternate translation: “if you know all about these things” 38:19 kmt5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 38:19 z2nq Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:19 p4uw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Where is the way to the resting place of light—as for darkness, where is its place? 0 This question can be expressed as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not know the way to the resting place of light or the place of darkness.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:19 q3uk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the resting place of light 0 “the dwelling of light.” Light is spoken of as having a resting place from which it comes forth each day. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:19 he61 light 0 Alternate translation: “daylight” or “sunlight” 38:20 d9pc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you lead light and darkness to their places of work? Can you find the way back to their houses for them? 0 These questions expect a negative answer. They can be expressed as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot lead light and darkness to their places of work, or find the way back to their houses for them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:20 tyy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification to their places of work 0 “to their territory.” Light and darkness are spoken of as being led out and back each day to accomplish Yahweh’s purposes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:21 ca1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony Undoubtedly & so large 0 Yahweh uses mocking irony to emphasize that Job does not understand light and darkness. Alternate translation: “It is obvious that you do not know, because you were not born when I created them, and you are not very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]) 38:21 zfd6 for you were born then 0 The word “then” refers to the time when light was created and separated from darkness. Alternate translation: “for you were already born when I created them” 38:21 hy8k the number of your days is so large 0 Alternate translation: “you have lived so many years” 38:22 h59t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses a question to emphasize that he rules over the natural world and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:22 w7gx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He bgins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:22 sj2h rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor storehouses for the snow & storehouses for the hail 0 Snow and hail are pictured as being stored by Yahweh to do his will. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:22 q2qv hail 0 balls of ice (usually small) that sometimes fall down from the sky during a storm 38:23 hve3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you entered” in verse 22 ends here. 38:23 vl8g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion these things that I have kept & and war? 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Have you entered” in verse 22 ends here. “You have never entered the storehouses for the snow, and you have never seen the storehouses for the hail, these things that I have kept … and war.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:23 fv91 these things that I have kept 0 The words “these things” refer to the snow and the hail (verse 22). 38:24 ctg6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive What is the path to where the lightning bolts are distributed or to where the winds are scattered from the east over the earth? 0 These can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “What is the path to where I distribute the lightning bolts or to where I scatter the winds from the east over the earth?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:24 auw5 the winds are scattered 0 Alternate translation: “the winds are blown” 38:25 q4hg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:25 f7pp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a series of rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:25 eh5t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has created the channels for the floods of rain 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Only I have created the channels for the floods of rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:25 j3xx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion or who has made a path for the thunder 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “and only I have made a path for the thunder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:25 ve3k the floods of rain 0 Alternate translation: “the torrents of rain” 38:25 cd75 a path for the thunder 0 Alternate translation: “a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard.” 38:26 g934 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one 0 These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 38:26 na1j where no person exists 0 Alternate translation: “where there are no people” 38:27 b6m2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:27 lf5w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion to satisfy & sprout with grass? 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has created” in verse 25 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “I am the one who has created … of rain, and I am the one who has made … to satisfy … sprout with grass.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:27 d9vt rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to satisfy 0 The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. Alternate translation: “so that the rain can satisfy the needs of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 38:27 q9sc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys devastated and desolate 0 “ruined and wasted.” These two words have nearly the same meaning and emphasize the ruined and empty nature of these regions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) 38:27 v1hz with grass 0 “the new grass” or “the fresh grass.” This is grass that is just starting to grow. 38:27 cug4 make the ground sprout with 0 Alternate translation: “make the ground support new grass” 38:28 t8tq rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 Yahweh begins a series of four questions to emphasize to Job that he makes rain, dew, ice, and frost and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Rain, dew, ice, and frost are spoken of as though they could be born like people are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:28 y3ap Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:28 be1t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Does the rain have a father, or, who fathers the drops of dew? 0 These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Tell me who the rain’s father is, and tell me who has become the father of the drops of dew.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:28 geg1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor fathers the drops of dew 0 Becoming the father of the dew is a metaphor for creating it. Alternate translation: “causes the drops of dew to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:29 gw3s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Out of whose womb did the ice come? Who bore the white frost out of the sky? 0 These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “Tell me whose womb the ice came out of. Tell me who bore the white frost out of the sky.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:29 fm77 ice 0 Alternate translation: “frozen water” 38:29 l9y4 bore 0 Alternate translation: “gave birth to” 38:29 qu6n the white frost 0 dew that freezes on the ground on cold, clear nights 38:30 jjp9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification The waters hide themselves and become like stone 0 The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) 38:30 iw86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile become like stone 0 The hardness of ice is spoken of as if it was stone. Alternate translation: “become hard like stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 38:30 cul4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj the deep 0 This refers to the sea or ocean where the water is very deep. Alternate translation: “the deep sea” or “the ocean depths” or “the deep water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) 38:31 l2s5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses five questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the heavens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:31 w86h Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:31 rik8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion? 0 These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot fasten chains on the Pleiades, and you cannot undo the cords of Orion.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:31 kqa9 fasten chains on 0 Alternate translation: “bind chains onto” or “tie the bonds of” 38:31 p1ai the Pleiades & Orion 0 These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in [Job 9:9](../09/09.md). 38:31 wb4a undo the cords of Orion 0 Alternate translation: “loosen the cords that hold Orion” 38:32 n1r3 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:32 ys38 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you lead the constellations & proper times? Can you guide & children? 0 These rhetorical questions can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot lead the constellations … proper times. You cannot guide … children.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:32 lrw6 constellations 0 groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky 38:32 qx9k to appear at their proper times 0 Alternate translation: “so that they appear at the right time” 38:32 x8g2 the Bear 0 This is the name of a constellation. Translate as in [Job 9:9](../09/09.md). 38:32 a6br its children 0 Alternate translation: “its cubs” 38:33 y4fp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you know the regulations of the sky? Could you set in place the sky’s rule over the earth? 0 These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You do not know the regulations of the sky? You could not set in place the sky’s rule over the earth.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:34 i5q7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:34 mq7j Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:34 tca5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you raise & may cover you? 0 These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot raise … may cover you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:34 yh4f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns an abundance of rainwater 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **abundance**, you can express the same idea with the adjective “abundant.” Alternate translation: “an abundant amount of rainwater” or “a flood of waters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 38:35 na4p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you send out & you, ‘Here we are’? 0 These can be translated as statements. Alternate translation: “You cannot send out you, ‘Here we are!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:35 z4cb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification Here we are 0 The lightning bolts are spoken of as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 38:36 a9d6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:36 sx1r Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:36 h7ay rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the idea behind these questionsas statements. Alternate translation: “I am the one who has put wisdom in the clouds and given understanding to the mists.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:36 sfx3 has put wisdom in the clouds 0 Alternate translation: “has given wisdom to the clouds” 38:37 pv86 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion 0 A rhetorical question begins here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:37 qju4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can pour out the water skins of the sky 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who can pour out the water skins of the sky.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:37 w7u7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor the water skins 0 These are skins that people sew together so that they can hold water. Yahweh refers to the thick clouds as “waters skins” because they hold much water just like water skins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 38:38 hj6z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion when the dust runs & tightly together? 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who can pour out” in verse 37 ends here. “Only I can pour out … when the dust runs … tightly together.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:38 qh39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive when the dust runs into a hard mass 0 The rain makes the loose dry dirt stick together like one piece of dirt. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the rain molds the dirt into a hard mass” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 38:38 njw9 the clods of earth clump tightly together 0 Alternate translation: “the lumps of soil stick together” 38:39 s331 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:39 hqx6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:39 f7aw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:39 y8rn a victim 0 “prey.” This is an animal that a lion could eat. 38:39 i376 lioness 0 This is a female lion. 38:39 n1pj appetite 0 hunger 38:39 j1aw of her young lion cubs 0 “of young lions.” These are young lions that are old enough to hunt for themselves. 38:40 awl8 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nThe rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. 38:40 yb24 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion when they are crouching & to lie in wait? 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Can you hunt” in verse 39 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “You know that you cannot hunt down … when they are crouching … to lie in wait.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:40 hu7v dens 0 A “den” is a lair or shelter where lions live. 38:40 g23n sheltering in hiding 0 “hiding in a thicket.” Lions hide in thick vegetation when hunting their prey. 38:40 fx6l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit to lie in wait 0 The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. Alternate translation: “to lie waiting for a victim” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 38:41 t9jb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:41 u1rq Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 38:41 sxy9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who provides victims & for lack of food? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Tell me who provides victims … for lack of food.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 38:41 f3g8 provides victims 0 “provides food.” This refers to animals that ravens look for and can eat. 38:41 hc2b ravens 0 large birds with shiny black feathers that feed on dead animals 38:41 y9ey rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit cry out to God 0 The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. Alternate translation: “cry to God for help” or “cry out for God to give them food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 38:41 nde9 stagger about 0 This means to walk around in an unsteady way. 38:41 i8kr for lack of food 0 Alternate translation: “because they have no food” or “because they have nothing to eat” 39:intro l9e1 0 # Job 39 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nThe ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Yahweh’s greatness\nYahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nYahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]]) 39:1 b1wa rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:1 sw6i Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:1 m8kw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you know at what time & bear their young? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Surely you do not know when … bear their young!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:1 d7nh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to watch to make sure everything goes well when the deer give birth to their fawns!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:1 j6ic are having their fawns 0 Alternate translation: “give birth to their fawns” 39:2 phe5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you count the months that they gestate? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot count the months that they are pregnant.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:2 nrm8 that they gestate 0 Alternate translation: “to complete their pregnancy” 39:2 w95t they 0 The word “they” refers to the goats and the deer. 39:2 w3w9 gestate 0 Alternate translation: “are pregnant” 39:2 txy4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Do you know the time when they bear their young? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Of course you do not know when they give birth to their young.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:3 sq9c Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:3 uj6h They crouch down 0 The word “They” refers to the wild mountain goats and the deer. 39:3 rvs4 birth their young 0 Alternate translation: “give birth to their offspring” 39:3 n62w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy then they finish their labor pains 0 This could mean: (1) their labor pains are over when the birth is finished or (2) “labor pains” is a metonym that refers to the offspring of the goats and deer because they are the result of the mother’s labor and pain. Alternate translation: “send out their offspring from their womb” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 39:4 wey9 the open fields 0 Alternate translation: “the countryside” or “the wild” 39:4 v8ps do not come back again 0 Alternate translation: “do not come back to them” or “do not come back to their mothers” 39:5 p64r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:5 g9xs Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:5 twv9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who let the wild donkey go free? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who let the wild donkey go free.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:5 x4tg the wild donkey & the swift donkey 0 These are different names for the same kind of donkey. 39:5 mg7f rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has untied the bonds of the swift donkey 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am the one who untied the bonds of the swift donkey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:5 pp7e bonds 0 ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away 39:6 dku4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nThe rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:6 z26m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion whose home I have made & in the salt land? 0 The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Who has untied” in verse 5 ends here. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. “I am the one who has untied … whose home I have made in the Arabah, his house in the salt land.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:6 qyi5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification whose home I have made in the Arabah 0 Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person that had a house. “I gave him the Arabah as a place to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 39:6 hfq8 the salt land 0 the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it 39:7 b9s6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:7 j9rx He 0 The word “He” refers to the wild donkey. 39:7 m4ln rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification laughs in scorn 0 Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkey laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in a quiet place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 39:7 rpn6 the driver’s 0 someone who forces an animal to work 39:8 t3sa pastures 0 places where animals can eat plants growing in the field 39:9 u4vx rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nHere Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:9 s6zs Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:9 ss2c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will the wild ox be happy to serve you? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “The wild ox will not be happy to serve you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:9 yl5m the wild ox 0 This could mean: (1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or (2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen. 39:9 f9tw be happy 0 Alternate translation: “be willing” 39:9 v7dg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he consent to stay by your manger? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will not consent to stay by your manger.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:9 t1u5 consent to stay by your manger 0 Alternate translation: “stay by your manger through the night” 39:9 sgz6 manger 0 something that holds food so that animals can eat it 39:10 iqy5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot control the wild ox with a rope in order to plow furrows in your fields.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:10 mt1p ropes 0 Farmers would tie ropes to animals’ heads or necks in order to lead them. 39:10 gny8 furrows 0 These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in [Job 31:38](../31/38.md). 39:10 g8w9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “He will never harrow the valleys as he follows after you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:10 uq7t harrow 0 to smooth and break up the soil 39:11 b4gj rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nHere Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:11 epz6 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:11 au79 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you trust him because his strength is great? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot trust him because his strength is great.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:11 zx9v trust him 0 The word “him” refers to the “wild ox.” 39:11 cgj2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you leave your work to him to do? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to make him do your work for you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:11 f3u1 leave your work to him to do 0 Alternate translation: “have him do your hard work for you” 39:12 ht1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you depend on him & grain for your threshing floor? 0 These two clauses basically mean the same thing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You will not be able to depend on him … grain for your threshing floor.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) 39:13 g5i9 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:13 xrh3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion The wings of the ostrich & pinions and plumage of love? 0 Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that Job cannot explain why ostriches behave the way they do. Alternate translation: “You do not know whether the pinions and plumage of the ostrich represent love when they wave their wings proudly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:13 c9hc ostrich 0 a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly 39:13 k698 wave proudly 0 Alternate translation: “move with joy” 39:13 b62x pinions 0 the very long feathers on the wings of birds 39:13 y8q9 plumage 0 the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird 39:13 a7t4 of love 0 The Hebrew word is uncertain. This could mean: (1) “of faithfulness” or (2) “of a stork.” The name of the stork meant “the faithful one” or “the loving one” because people knew that storks take very good care of their chicks. 39:14 ix8t on the earth 0 Alternate translation: “on the ground” 39:15 eg2i crush them 0 The word “them” refers to the eggs. 39:15 p8ek trample them 0 Alternate translation: “step on them” 39:16 n7gh Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:16 dn58 She deals roughly 0 The word “She” refers to the female ostrich. 39:16 u9gc her labor 0 the work that she does when she lays the eggs 39:16 uqn1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit might have been in vain 0 If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. Alternate translation: “might have been useless if the chicks die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 39:17 jm95 deprived her of wisdom 0 Alternate translation: “made her forget wisdom” or “not given her wisdom” 39:17 c8hu understanding 0 See how you translated this in [Job 11:6](../11/06.md). 39:18 bd6w When she runs 0 This verse is in contrast to her weakness in caring for her chicks. Alternate translation: “However, when she runs” 39:18 y8sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit she laughs & its rider 0 It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. Alternate translation: “she laughs … its rider because she can run faster than the horse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 39:19 j9tb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion General Information: 0 # General Information:\n\nYahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:19 ma5j Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:19 jg2w rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you given the horse his strength? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have never given the horse his strength.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:19 sul3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot clothe his neck with his flowing mane.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:19 z5th rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy clothe his neck with his flowing mane 0 The horse’s “mane” is spoken of as if it was clothing for the neck of the horse. Alternate translation: “made his flowing main to cover his neck like clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 39:19 j215 flowing mane 0 the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse 39:20 lpb2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Have you ever made him jump like a locust? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are not able to make him jump like a locust.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:20 ul5g a locust 0 a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly 39:20 mh2c snorting 0 a very loud sound that horses make with their nose 39:21 c17t Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:21 gcq9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit He paws 0 The word “He” refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. Alternate translation: “He paws with excitement and” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 39:21 nvw4 paws 0 Alternate translation: “digs at the ground with his hooves” 39:21 k6rc rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy to meet the weapons 0 Here “the weapons” represent the battle in which they are used. Alternate translation: “to join in the battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 39:22 vse1 He mocks fear 0 Alternate translation: “He is not afraid at all” 39:22 juq5 mocks 0 Alternate translation: “laughs at” 39:22 qlb7 dismayed 0 discouraged 39:22 uk9z does not turn back 0 Alternate translation: “does not run away” 39:23 cvi2 quiver 0 a container that holds arrows 39:23 ldn9 rattles 0 shakes and makes noise 39:23 i34d flank 0 the side of a horse 39:23 q76b javelin 0 a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies 39:24 r5sq Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:24 frz2 He 0 The word “He” refers to the horse. 39:24 sh13 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor swallows up ground 0 The horse runs over the ground so quickly that the ground passes by like water that a person drinks. Alternate translation: “runs very fast over the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 39:24 bkv1 with fierceness and rage 0 The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly. 39:24 kx1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit at the trumpet’s sound 0 It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. Alternate translation: “when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 39:24 yf1b he cannot stand in one place 0 Alternate translation: “he is too excited to stand still” 39:25 q35d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification he says, ‘Aha 0 The word “Aha” is a sound people make when they discover something. The horse makes a sound because he has discovered the battle. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 39:25 nry6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit the thunderous shouts 0 It is implied that the horse hears these things. Alternate translation: “he hears the thunderous shouts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 39:25 i8r5 the outcries 0 “the battle cries.” People have special shouts that they use in war to show their great strength and bravery and to scare the enemy. 39:26 i2wf Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:26 e41g rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it by your wisdom & for the south? 0 Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not as great as Yahweh. The implicit answer to this question is “no.” Alternate translation: “It is not by your wisdom … for the south.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:26 rx7s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy stretches out his wings for the south 0 Here the stretching out of his wings refers to flying. Alternate translation: “flies to the south” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 39:26 ckg8 for the south 0 In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates. 39:27 bv18 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:27 qk6s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Is it at your orders & nest in high places? 0 Yahweh uses this question to prove that Job is not powerful enough to command the eagles. The implicit answer to this question is “no.” Alternate translation: “You are not able to command the eagle to mount up and build his nest in high places.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 39:27 cd7k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns at your orders 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **orders**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “because you tell it to do so” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 39:27 cz3r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom mounts up 0 This means he flies upward. Alternate translation: “flies up into the sky” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) 39:28 u8qm a stronghold 0 The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them. 39:29 ps15 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 39:29 ak87 he searches for victims 0 Here the word “he” refers to the eagle. 39:29 e6kd for victims 0 Alternate translation: “for animals that he can kill and eat” 39:29 t32l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche his eyes see them 0 Here “his eyes” refer to the eagle. Alternate translation: “he sees them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 39:30 e2b5 His young 0 It may be helpful to state that this happens after the eagle kills and animal. Alternate translation: “After an eagle kills an animal, the baby eagles” 39:30 s29l drink up blood 0 Alternate translation: “drink the blood of the animal that he killed” 39:30 iv5j where killed people are 0 “where there are dead people.” This phrase refers to dead bodies that are lying out in the open, not to bodies that are buried in the ground. 39:30 nx3p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit there he is 0 It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. Alternate translation: “he is there to eat them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 40:intro k9mj 0 # Job 40 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 40:1-2, 4-5, 7-24, which are extended quotations of Job and Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Job’s righteousness\nIn seeking to defend his own righteousness, Job accuses Yahweh of being unjust. Yahweh asks a very important question: “Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?” This is the essence of Job’s error.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Irony\nYahweh states, “He who argues with God, let him answer.” Job immediately answers him. This is irony. While Job is forced to acknowledge the power of Yahweh, he does not repent of his former statements. Because of this, Yahweh asks him more questions. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals\nThere are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. 40:1 jlf1 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 40:2 kpm1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty? 0 Yahweh is rebuking Job. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one who wants to criticize me should try to argue with me, for I am Almighty God.” or “You, a person, want to criticize me, Almighty God, but you should not try to correct me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 40:2 p78z rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns He who argues with God, let him answer 0 Yahweh speaks of Job and himself as if they were two other people to remind Job that no person anywhere should argue with God. Alternate translation: “You want to argue with me, so answer me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 40:4 hez5 See, I am 0 Alternate translation: “You are right when you say that I am” or “Look at me and you will see that I am” 40:4 ymc5 I am insignificant 0 Alternate translation: “I am not important” 40:4 q9w7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion how can I answer you? 0 Job uses this question to apologize for questioning God. Alternate translation: “I cannot answer you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 40:7 t5gf rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile gird up your loins like a man 0 A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in [Job 38:3](../38/03.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 40:8 piw2 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to challenge Job. 40:8 q5c9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you actually say that I am unjust? 0 The word “actually” indicates that Yahweh is surprised that Job would say that Yahweh is unjust and that Job should make sure that he really wants to say that. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that you are saying I am unjust.” or “You should be sure that you want to say that I am unjust, because that is what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 40:8 fj3l rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You are condemning me so you could claim that you are innocent.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 40:9 zc8k rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile an arm like God’s 0 The arm is a metonym for the strength in the arm. Alternate translation: “strength like God’s strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 40:9 h8v3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you thunder with a voice like him? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You certainly cannot cause thunder with your voice the way God does with his.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 40:9 bf69 a voice like him 0 Alternate translation: “a voice the way he does” or “a voice like his voice” 40:10 tc7m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty 0 The abstract nouns “glory,” “dignity,” “honor,” and “majesty” are spoken of as if they were clothing that a person could put on. They can be translated as adjectives and verbs. Alternate translation: “make yourself glorious; do something great so people will respect you and honor you; make people think you are a great king” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 40:11 ec11 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Scatter around the excess of your anger 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **anger**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Here, **anger** is spoken of as if it were something that usually could be held in a container, but in this situation there is so much of it that what does not fit needs to be spread around. It is also a metonym for the actions a person takes when he is angry. You may need to make explicit why the person is angry. Alternate translation: “Be angry because people are proud, and punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 40:11 vj9f bring him down 0 Alternate translation: “take away everything he is proud of” 40:13 se3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche their faces 0 The “face” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) 40:13 y16q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism the hidden place 0 a euphemism for the place where people’s spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) 40:15 t3an behemoth 0 a large water animal, possibly the hippopotamus 40:15 zzb3 he eats 0 the behemoth eats 40:15 h3k4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile eats grass like an ox 0 Both the behemoth and the ox eat grass. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 40:16 utj1 loins & belly’s muscles 0 These two phrases refer to the same part of the body. 40:17 t5ej rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like a cedar 0 Cedar is a very hard wood, and his tail becomes very hard. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 40:18 g8sh rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like tubes of bronze 0 Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 40:18 v226 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile like bars of iron 0 This last comparison describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 40:19 kd2r chief of the creatures 0 Alternate translation: “most important of the creatures” or “strongest of the creatures” 40:19 c5rb rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns the creatures of God. Only God 0 Yahweh speaks as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “of my creatures. Only I, God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]) 40:20 f3ru rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification the hills provide him with food 0 The hills are spoken of as if they were people capable of giving him food. Alternate translation: “food grows on the hills for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 40:21 h567 lotus plants 0 flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas 40:21 uth5 reeds 0 tall grasses found in swamps or marshes 40:22 y4zd lotus plants 0 flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in [Job 40:19](../40/19.md). 40:22 k86u willows of the brook 0 Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water. 40:23 vbe3 banks 0 sides of the river 40:23 x8nv though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth 0 Alternate translation: “even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth” 40:24 uyb7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can anyone capture him with a hook & snare? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can capture him with a hook or pierce his nose through with a snare.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:intro et13 0 # Job 41 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\nYahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals\n\nThere are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives. 41:1 tg8a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook? 0 God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot draw out Leviathan with a fishhook.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:1 f9dw draw out 0 pull out of the water 41:1 li7c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis Or tie up his jaws with a cord? 0 The words “can you” are understood from the previous question. They can be repeated here. God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Or can you tie up his jaws with a cord?” or “And you know that you cannot tie up his jaws with a cord.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:1 t8j2 his jaws 0 Leviathan’s jaws 41:2 y88e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you put a rope into his nose & with a hook? 0 God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot put a rope into Leviathan’s nose … with a hook.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:3 f3f9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he make many pleas to you? 0 God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make pleas to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:3 sz4n he 0 Leviathan 41:3 d9dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he speak soft words to you? 0 God uses this question to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not speak soft words to you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:4 bmh5 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. 41:4 lt8s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that he will not make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:4 k4da he & him 0 The words “he” and “him” refer to Leviathan. 41:5 d2ev rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you play with him as you would with a bird? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot play with him as you would play with a bird.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:5 kt39 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will you tie him up for your servant girls? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that you cannot tie him up for your servant girls.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:6 al1q rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that the groups of fishermen will not bargain for him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:6 s28m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that they will not divide him up to trade among the merchants.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:6 z2rx Will they divide 0 Alternate translation: “Will the groups of fishermen divide” 41:7 j9ni Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan. 41:7 j5dm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You cannot pierce his skin with your hunting weapons, nor can you pierce his head with fishing spears.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:7 ymn4 his 0 Leviathan’s 41:7 g9bk harpoons 0 large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures 41:8 y27l him 0 Leviathan 41:9 pg91 See 0 Alternate translation: “Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.” 41:9 s2he rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him? 0 This generalization can be translated as a statement in active form. Alternate translation: “Anyone who looks at him will be so frightened that he will throw himself on the ground.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:9 x9zn the sight of him 0 Alternate translation: “by looking at him” or “by seeing him” 41:10 jk4f Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Yahweh is much more powerful than both Leviathan and Job. 41:10 wj5r rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me? 0 It would be easier to stir up Leviathan than to stand before Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “Since you know that no person is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up, you should certainly know that no one can stand before me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:11 s27e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “You know that no one has first given anything to me, so there is no one whom I need to repay.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:12 pqy2 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes I will not keep silent concerning & nor about & nor about 0 This can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I will certainly speak about … and about … and about” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) 41:12 c6dk concerning Leviathan’s legs, nor about the matter of his strength, nor about his graceful form 0 These are three things about which God will not keep silent. 41:12 x2pd his 0 The word “his” refers to Leviathan. 41:13 ppr4 Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nYahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. 41:13 fp4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can strip off his outer covering? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can strip off his outer clothing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:13 xw7s his & his 0 Leviathan’s 41:13 r6zd rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor Who can penetrate his double armor? 0 The word “armor” is a metaphor for the hard scales or hide on his back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can penetrate his very thick hide.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:14 e1dk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who can open the doors of his face & terror? 0 If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this question as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can pry his jaws apart … terror.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 41:15 wa6c rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor shields 0 The word “shields” is a metaphor for Leviathan’s hide. Both shields and Leviathan’s hide protect well and deflect arrows and other weapons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 41:15 s54h tight together as with a close seal 0 This means the “shields” are very close to one another and nothing can get between them. 41:16 jl62 One is so near to another 0 One row of shields is so near to another ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)). 41:16 cs18 between them 0 between the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)) 41:17 z5wz They & they & they 0 the rows of shields ([Job 41:15](../41/15.md)). 41:17 x9sg rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they cannot be pulled apart 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can pull them apart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 41:18 tbj3 from his snorting 0 A snort is a sound like a short snore. Another possible meaning is “from his sneezing” or “when he sneezes.” Alternate translation: “when he snorts” 41:18 wjz6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn 0 This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 41:18 vs55 his 0 The word “his” refers to Leviathan. 41:19 mp8p rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out 0 God expresses the same idea in two different ways in order to emphasize the terrifying appearance of Leviathan. You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out of his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 41:19 pl7d his 0 The word “his” refers to Leviathan. 41:20 pqy7 nostrils 0 the two openings of the nose 41:20 uk6d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile smoke like a boiling pot 0 Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 41:21 lgl1 kindles coals into flame 0 Alternate translation: “causes coals to catch fire” 41:22 xx91 his & him 0 The words “his” and “him” refer to Leviathan. 41:22 lw67 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns terror dances in front of him 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **terror**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form such as “be afraid.” Alternate translation: “when people see him coming, they are very afraid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 41:23 uak5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive they cannot be moved 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can move them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 41:24 b1b7 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile His heart is as hard as a stone 0 A rock or stone does not change and become soft. This could mean: (1) Leviathan’s physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or (2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or (3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 41:24 ja7y a lower millstone 0 “the hardest of rocks.” The lower millstone is the larger and harder of the two rocks used to grind grain. It would be the hardest rock people could find. 41:25 u1vw he & himself 0 Leviathan 41:25 ygt1 the gods 0 This could mean: (1) “mighty people” or (2) “very strong people” . 41:26 m7ws strikes him 0 strikes Leviathan 41:27 hml3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile He thinks of iron as if it were straw 0 “He thinks of weapons made of iron as if they were weapons made of straw.” Straw would not get through his hide, and iron weapons do not get through his hide. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 41:27 uu6e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis of bronze as if it were rotten wood 0 You can make this clear by adding the omitted words. Alternate translation: “he thinks of weapons made of bronze as if they were weapons made of rotten wood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 41:28 jl4x rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor to him sling stones become chaff 0 Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 41:28 w7pl him & him 0 Leviathan 41:29 zzu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive Clubs are regarded as straw 0 A club made of straw would not hurt him, and a club made of wood would not hurt him. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “He thinks of clubs as if they were straw” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 41:29 yn7y rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear 0 The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 41:29 rx15 he laughs 0 Leviathan laughs 41:30 jdd9 His & he & he 0 These words refer to Leviathan. 41:30 sy31 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge 0 Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan’s tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 41:31 p2f1 He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water 0 Alternate translation: “As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot” 41:31 bj7m He 0 The word “he” refers to Leviathan. 41:31 z9pu rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile he makes the sea like a pot of ointment 0 The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) 41:32 xdy6 one would think the deep had gray hair 0 This is because the bubbles in his wake are white. 41:33 p5t9 there is no equal to him 0 Alternate translation: “no other creature is like Leviathan” 41:33 f5nc him 0 Leviathan 41:34 b5cm He sees everything that is proud 0 Alternate translation: “He is very, very proud” 41:34 c959 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification he is king over all the sons of pride 0 Leviathan is spoken of as if he were a person who is able to become king and be proud. Alternate translation: “Leviathan has more reason to be proud than anyone else on earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) 41:34 n88z He & he 0 Leviathan 42:intro g9q6 0 # Job 42 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nSome translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.\n\nHaving faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Justice\nYahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job’s friends and restores Job’s blessings. Yahweh’s blessing was not dependent upon Job’s repentance, but upon Yahweh’s grace. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]]) 42:2 bdu3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped 0 You may want to repeat the words “I know.” Alternate translation: “I know that you can do all things. I know that no purpose of yours can be stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 42:2 wu37 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive no purpose of yours can be stopped 0 This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one can stop any of your plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) 42:3 b75d rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion Who is this 0 The ULT and most modern versions agree that Job is loosely quoting God’s own words from [Job 38:2](../38/02.md). You may decide, as does the UST, to make it clear that God asked this question of Job and that Job is now remembering it. Alternate translation: “You said to me, ‘Who is this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) 42:3 en66 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit conceals plans 0 That is, hides or misrepresents God’s plans. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) 42:5 gp4a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor but now my eye sees you 0 The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents understanding. Alternate translation: “but now I really understand you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 42:6 y9x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy despise myself 0 Job’s self is a metonym for what he said. Alternate translation: “I despise the things I said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 42:6 d1wv despise 0 intensely dislike 42:6 p13d rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction I repent in dust and ashes 0 Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) 42:7 bj1v It came about that 0 This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. 42:7 izh1 Eliphaz the Temanite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) 42:7 snw3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor My wrath is kindled against you 0 Fire is a metaphor for anger, and starting a fire is a metaphor for becoming angry. Alternate translation: “I have become very angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) 42:8 fh9u rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven bulls 0 “7 bulls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 42:8 vy3t rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns so that I may not deal with you after your folly 0 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **folly**, you can express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “even though you have been very foolish, I will not punish you as you deserve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) 42:9 h2t8 Bildad the Shuhite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) 42:9 tm97 Zophar the Naamathite 0 See how you translated this man’s name in [Job 2:11](../02/11.md) 42:9 l5p5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy Yahweh accepted Job 0 The person is a metonym for the prayer he prays. Alternate translation: “God accepted Job’s prayer for his three friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) 42:10 khw7 Yahweh restored his fortunes 0 Alternate translation: “Yahweh restored his riches” or “Yahweh restored his wealth” 42:11 nlf5 all who knew him before 0 Alternate translation: “all the people he had known before” 42:12 bw3a rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis more than the first 0 The words “he blesed” and “of Job’s life” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated here Alternate translation: “more than he blessed the first part of Job’s life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) 42:12 ud3i rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers fourteen thousand sheep 0 14,000 sheep (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 42:12 qax5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers six thousand camels 0 6,000 camels (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 42:12 g7yp rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers one thousand yoke of oxen 0 1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 42:13 z7x9 rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers seven sons and three daughters 0 7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 42:14 xd1h rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names Jemimah & Keziah & Keren-Happuch 0 women’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) 42:15 l9nw no women were found as beautiful as Job’s daughters 0 Alternate translation: “Job’s daughters were more beautiful than all the other women” 42:16 s5ni rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers lived 140 years 0 “lived 140 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]]) 42:17 d827 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet being old and full of days 0 The words “full of days” means basically the same thing as “being old.” The two phrases form a common idiom. Alternate translation: “a very old man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])