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Merge pull request 'Perry's edits to 2Co 13' (#3079) from 2co_bp into master 

Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_tn/pulls/3079
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Larry Sallee 2022-12-28 14:44:46 +00:00
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@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr
12:21 rh22 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἐπὶ τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **impurity**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “of secretly thinking about and desiring things that do not please God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:21 rn6u rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns πορνείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **sexual immorality**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “of doing sexually immoral deeds” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:21 yyr5 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἀσελγείᾳ 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **lustful indulgence**, you can express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “doing things that satisfy immoral sexual desire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:intro abcg 0 # 2 Corinthians 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Paul finishes defending his authority. He then concludes the letter with a final greeting and blessing.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Preparation\n\nPaul instructs the Corinthians as he prepares to visit them. He is hoping to avoid needing to discipline anyone in the church so he can visit them joyfully. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Power and weakness\n\nPaul repeatedly uses the contrasting words “power” and “weakness” in this chapter. The translator should use words that are understood to be opposites of each other.\n\n### “Examine yourselves to see if you are in the faith. Test yourselves.”\n\nScholars are divided over what these sentences mean. Some scholars say that Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their Christian faith. The context favors this understanding. Others say these sentences mean that Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
13:intro abcg 0 # 2 Corinthians 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nIn this chapter, Paul finishes defending his authority. He then concludes the letter with a final greeting and blessing.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Preparation\n\nPaul instructs the Corinthians as he prepares to visit them. He is hoping to avoid needing to discipline anyone in the church so he can visit them joyfully. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Power and weakness\n\nPaul repeatedly uses the contrasting concepts “power” and “weakness” in this chapter. The translator should use words that are understood to be opposites of each other. It seems that people had been criticizing Paul for speaking powerfully in his letters, but being weak when in person (see 10:1). Paul explains that although he is weak, Christ works powerfully through him (13:3-4). God gave Paul power and authority to discipline believers who are living sinfully, but Paul prefers to use this power to encourage the believers to trust in God rather than to discipline them for not living in the right way (13:10). This is why he did not visit them again, so that he could persuade them in a letter rather than discipline them harshly in person (1:23;10:2;13:2,10). \n\n### Examine yourselves\n\nScholars are divided about the examination that Paul has in mind in verse 5. Some scholars say that believers are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their Christian faith. The context favors this understanding. Others say that this test is to determine if the person actually belongs to God or not. Paul may have both ideas in mind. If a person examines his actions, finds them to be sinful but refuses to change them, then he has rejected God.\n\n### Approved and unapproved\n\nIn 13:5-7, Paul uses the concepts “approved” and “unapproved.” The words he uses for these are forms of the word translated "examine" in 13:5. The idea then, is that someone who is "approved" has been examined and has passed the examination. Paul begins in verse 5 by asking the Corinthian believers to examine themselves, to see if they are living as God wants them to live. Then in verse 6 he challenges them to evaluate Paul and his companions in that same way, because they are living in the right way. Finally, in verse 7 he says that he does not care about this kind of approval from them or from any humans, but he only wants the Corinthian believers to pass this test to show that God approves of them.
13:1 slj1 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα 1 If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Only if two or three people have said the same thing about another person should God's people believe that it is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:1 xfhc ἐπὶ στόματος δύο μαρτύρων καὶ τριῶν σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα 1 Paul is quoting here from Deuteronomy 19:15. He has been accusing the Corinthian believers of doing wrong, and so he compares the number of his visits, during which he has observed and will observe this wrong behavior, with the number of witnesses that the Old Testament required for convicting someone of doing wrong. You may want to include some of this information in a footnote.
13:1 gs3j rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy ἐπὶ στόματος 1 Paul is using the term **mouth** to mean the words that people say by using their mouths. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression from your language or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by the word” or “on the testimony” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
@ -1296,15 +1296,35 @@ front:intro ur4j 0 # Introduction to 2 Corinthians\n\n## Part 1: General Intr
13:5 qvxm rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion ἢ οὐκ ἐπιγινώσκετε ἑαυτοὺς, ὅτι Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν, εἰ μήτι ἀδόκιμοί ἐστε 1 Paul is using the question form here to emphasize to the Corinthian believers something that is true: that Jesus Christ does live in them. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You know that it is Jesus Christ himself who lives within you—unless you are not in the faith.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:5 sbx4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Here, **in you** could mean: (1) Jesus is intimately connected to each believing individual, as if Jesus were living inside each person. Alternate translation: “part of who you are” (2) Jesus is living among them, part of and the most important member of the group. Alternate translation: “among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
13:6 xk7u rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact ἐλπίζω 1 Paul speaks as if he were uncertain about whether or not the Corinthian believers would understand that he is a true follower or apostle of Christ. He does this in order to convey modesty, but he is actually sure of this. If your language does not state something as uncertain if it is certain or true, and if your readers might think that what Paul is saying here is uncertain, then you could translate his words as an affirmative statement. Alternate translation: “I am sure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-fact]])
13:6 f8o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ἡμεῖς 1 Here the word **ourselves** emphasizes that Paul is talking about his apostolic team, who introduced the Corinthian believers to Jesus Christ. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “who brought you to Christ” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
13:6 zhkw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives οὐκ ἐσμὲν ἀδόκιμοι 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative word **unapproved**. Alternate translation: “we … are approved” or “we … live as one with the Messiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
13:7 u75e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς κακὸν μηδέν 1 If your readers would misunderstand the double-negative **not … wrong**, you could express it in positive form. Alternate translation: “you will do everything right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
13:7 gt2e δόκιμοι 1 Alternate translation: “to be great teachers and live the truth”
13:8 a3l7 οὐ & δυνάμεθά τι κατὰ τῆς ἀληθείας 1 Alternate translation: “we are not able to keep people from learning the truth”
13:6 f8o8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ἡμεῖς & ἐσμὲν 1 Here the word **ourselves** emphasizes that Paul is talking about his apostolic team, who introduced the Corinthian believers to Jesus Christ. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “we, yes, we, are” or “we, who serve Jesus, are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
13:6 fqbe rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit ἡμεῖς & ἐσμὲν 1 Paul is referring here to himself and his apostolic team, who introduced the Corinthian believers to Jesus Christ. You can include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “we, the very ones who brought you to Christ, are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
13:6 zhkw rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἐσμὲν ἀδόκιμοι 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative word **unapproved**. Alternate translation: “we ourselves are approved” or “we ourselves live as one with the Messiah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
13:6 i34s rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἐσμὲν ἀδόκιμοι 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the testing or approving, it is clear from the context that it was God. Alternate translation: “we ourselves have passed this test” or “God has accepted us ourselves as his own” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:7 pu5q rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent δὲ 1 Paul is using the word translated **Now** to introduce a slightly new topic. Use a word, phrase, or other method in your language that is natural for this, or it may be more natural to leave it out. Alternate translation: “Also,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
13:7 u75e rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives μὴ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς κακὸν μηδέν 1 If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a positive expression to translate this double negative that consists of the negative particle **not** and the negative word **wrong**. Alternate translation: “you will do everything right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
13:7 kmld rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive ἡμεῖς δόκιμοι φανῶμεν 1 If your language does not use the passive form in these ways, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who does the actions, it is people in general who do the seeing and either God or people who do the approving. Alternate translation: “people see that God approves of us ourselves” or “people see our work with you and approve of us ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:7 gt2e δόκιμοι 1 Alternate translation: “great teachers”
13:7 wcrp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ἡμεῖς & ὑμεῖς & ἡμεῖς 1 Paul uses the words **ourselves** and **yourselves** to emphasize the difference between his thinking and the thinking of the Corinthian believers. He wants only good for them, while they suspect that he wants only good for himself. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. If you use the following suggestion, it will need a comma before each phrase. Alternate translation: “on our part, … on your part, … on our part,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
13:7 yiww ἡμεῖς δὲ ὡς ἀδόκιμοι ὦμεν 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If you need to say who did the approving, it is either God or people in general. Alternate translation: “even if it seems that God has not approved of us ourselves” or “even if people think that we ourselves have had no part in your success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:8 bqd3 rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 The word translated as **For** indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
13:8 jvke rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns τῆς ἀληθείας -1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **truth**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “God's true message … God's true message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:9 vt7b τὴν ὑμῶν κατάρτισιν 1 Alternate translation: “that you may become spiritually mature”
13:10 rlm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν. 1 Paul speaks of helping the Corinthians to know Christ better as if he were constructing a building. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Corinthians 10:8](../10/08.md). Alternate translation: “to help you become better followers of Christ and not to discourage you so you stop following him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:9 kr1z rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result γὰρ 1 The word translated as **For** here indicates that what follows continues to give another reason, along with verse 8, for the statement of verse 7. Use a connector that indicates that this is another reason, if that would be natural in your language. Alternate translation: “You see,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
13:9 h8h6 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns ἡμεῖς & ὑμεῖς 1 Here, as in verse 7, the words **ourselves** and **yourselves** emphasize the difference between Paul and the Corinthian believers. He wants them to be strong in the Lord and it doesn't matter if people think that he is weak. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. If you use the following suggestion, it will need a comma before each phrase. Alternate translation: “on our part, … on your part,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
13:9 ep5s rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns τοῦτο καὶ εὐχόμεθα 1 The pronoun **this** here refers to what Paul desires for the Corinthian believers, which he states in two ways. First, that they be **powerful** in serving God, and then for their **restoration** to a right relationship with God. Those are both the same thing. If this is not clear for your readers, you could use a clearer expression. Alternate translation: “In fact, we pray for this” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
13:10 kbpp rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns διὰ τοῦτο 1 The pronoun **this** refers to what Paul has just written in verse 9, that he wants the Corinthian believers to be restored to a right relationship with God. If this is not clear for your readers, you could repeat that information here. Alternate translation: “Because I want you to be restored to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
13:10 dqu4 rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns ταῦτα 1 The words **these things** refer to what Paul has written in the entire letter, but especially to the warnings and exhortations in chapters 10-13. If this is not clear for your readers, you could include that information here. Alternate translation: “the things in this letter” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns]])
13:10 kzue rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns κατὰ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἣν ὁ Κύριος ἔδωκέν μοι 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **authority**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “as the person that the Lord has authorized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:10 rlm8 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor εἰς οἰκοδομὴν καὶ οὐκ εἰς καθαίρεσιν. 1 Here, Paul is speaking of the Corinthian believers as if they were a building. If it would be clearer in your language, you could use a more natural metaphor for this or you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to help you become more faithful to Christ and not to make you want to forsake him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:11 uk1p Connecting Statement: 0 # Connecting Statement:\n\nPaul closes his letter to the Corinthian believers.
13:11 fm8m καταρτίζεσθε 1 Alternate translation: “Work toward maturity”
13:11 diw1 τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖτε 1 Alternate translation: “live in harmony with one another”
13:12 p1nh ἐν ἁγίῳ φιλήματι 1 Alternate translation: “with Christian love”
13:12 x2qd οἱ ἅγιοι 1 Alternate translation: “those whom God has set apart for himself”
13:11 bdql rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations ἀδελφοί 1 Although the term **brothers** is masculine, Paul is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If you retain the metaphor in your translation, and if it would be helpful in your language, you could say “brothers and sisters” to indicate this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
13:11 fm8m rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive καταρτίζεσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. See how you translated a form of this word at the end of verse 9. Alternate translation: “Work toward maturity” or “Decide to trust and obey God completely” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:11 nfyp rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive παρακαλεῖσθε 1 If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The person doing the encouraging could be: (1) Paul. Alternate translation: “Allow me to encourage you” (2) God. Alternate translation: “Receive encouragement from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:11 diw1 τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖτε 1 Here, **think the same** means to agree on the most important things and to not argue about the lesser things. Alternate translation: “Make sure that you all agree on what is important”
13:11 axul rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns εἰρηνεύετε 1 If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **peace**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “be peaceful with each other” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:11 vrfk rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession ὁ Θεὸς τῆς ἀγάπης καὶ εἰρήνης 1 Here, Paul is using the possessive form to describe **God** as being characterized by **love and peace**. This probably means both that God is the source of love and peace and also that he enables his people to have love and peace. Try to include both meanings, if possible. Alternate translation: “God, who gives love and peace,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
13:11 t9io rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ὁ Θεὸς τῆς ἀγάπης καὶ εἰρήνης 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **love and peace**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “God, who empowers you to love and to be peaceful,” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:12 p1nh rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction ἐν ἁγίῳ φιλήματι 1 A **holy kiss** was a symbolic action to show familial love between believers. In some cultures, a kiss as a greeting is appropriate, but in other cultures it is not. The idea of a **holy kiss** is that it be a greeting that is appropriate in the culture, whether it be a kiss, a hug, a handshake, or something else, and also that it be **holy**, that is, appropriate between God's people. If this would not be clear to your readers, you can explain the significance of this action in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “warmly as fellow believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
13:12 x2qd οἱ ἅγιοι 1 These **saints** are the fellow believers who are there with Paul. Alternate translation: “those whom God has set apart for himself”
13:13 qodb rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος, μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 Paul ends his letter with this blessing. You can express this as either a blessing or a prayer, in whichever way is more natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I pray for all of you that the Lord Jesus Christ will give you his grace, that God will give you his love, and that the Holy Spirit will give you his fellowship.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-blessing]])
13:13 st07 rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns ἡ χάρις τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ Ἁγίου Πνεύματος, μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν 1 If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **grace**, **love**, and **fellowship**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “May the Lord Jesus Christ continue to be gracious to you, may God continue to love you, and may the Holy Spirit unite you all closely together as believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
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