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6.4 KiB
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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/User./uk_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective.rst
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.. _adjective:
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Adjective
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=========
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Висновок
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--------
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.. include:: includes/adjective-summary.rst
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.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-summary-hebrew.rst
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Визначення
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----------
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In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives match the :ref:`noun<noun>` they describe in
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gender (:ref:`чоловічий<gender_чоловічий>` or :ref:`жіночий<gender_жіночий>`)
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and number (:ref:`однина<number_однина>` or :ref:`множина<number_множина>`).
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However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If a noun is :ref:`подвійне<number_подвійне>`,
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its accompanying adjective will be множина. Also, the gender of some
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nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים "women", which is
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grammatically-жіночий although it appears grammatically-чоловічий); in
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these cases, an accompanying adjective will match the gender of the noun
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itself rather than the apparent form. Similarly, for nouns with either :ref:`collective однина<number_однина-collective>`
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(as in עַם, meaning "people") or :ref:`majestic множина<number_множина-majestic>` (as in אֱלֹהִים, meaning "God"),
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the accompanying adjective may match the implied number rather than the apparent form.
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Форма
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-----
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.. include:: includes/adjective-form.rst
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Adjective Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
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чоловічий однина absolute,טוֹב,tov,good
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чоловічий однина construct,טוֹב,tov,good
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чоловічий однина determined,הַטּוֹב,hattov,the good
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жіночий однина absolute,טוֹבָה,tovah,good
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жіночий однина construct,טוֹבַת,tovath,good
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жіночий однина determined,הַטּוֹבָה,hattovah,the good
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чоловічий множина absolute,טוֹבִים,tovim,good
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чоловічий множина contruct,טוֹבֵי,tove,good
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чоловічий множина determined,הַטּוֹבִים,hattovim,the good
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жіночий множина absolute,טוֹבוֹת,tovoth,good
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жіночий множина construct,טוֹבוֹת,tovoth,good
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жіночий множина determined,הַטּוֹבוֹת,hattovoth,the good
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Функція
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-------
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Describes a noun
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. _adjective-attributive:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-attributive.rst
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.. include:: includes/adjective-attributive-hebrew-aramaic.rst
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.. include:: includes/notes/adjective-number.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 1SA 18:17
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בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה
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vitti **haggedolah**
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my-daughter **the-old**
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my **older** daughter
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: JOS 10:2
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כִּ֣י עִ֤יר **גְּדוֹלָה֙** גִּבְע֔וֹן
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for city **great** Gibeon
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because Gibeon was a **large** city
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.. _adjective-predicative:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-predicative.rst
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.. include:: includes/notes/adjective-congruence.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 2SA 14:20
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וַאדֹנִ֣י חָכָ֗ם
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wadoni **hakham**
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And-my-lord **wise**
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My master is **wise**
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 2KI 20:19
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טֹ֥וב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ
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**towv** devar-yehwah 'asher dibbarta
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**Good** word-of\_Йагве that you-spoke.
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The word of Йагве that you have spoken is **good**.
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.. _adjective-nominal:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-nominal.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: PSA 3:2
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רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי
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**rabbim** qamim 'alay
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**many** are-rising-up against-me
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**many people** are rising up against me
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: ISA 30:12
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לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ **קְד֣וֹשׁ** יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
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Therefore thus he-says **holy-of** Israel
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"Therefore the **Holy One** of Israel says,"
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.. _adjective-adverbial:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-adverbial.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: JOS 21:10
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כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה
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for to-them it-was the-lot **first**
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For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them.
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Other uses of adjectives
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. _adjective-comparative:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-comparative.rst
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.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-comparative-hebrew.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: JDG 14:18
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מַה־\ **מָּת֣וֹק** מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה **עַ֖ז** מֵאֲרִ֑י
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mah-\ **mmathoq** middevash umeh **'az** me'ari
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What\_\ **sweet** than-honey and-what **strong** from-lion
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"What is **sweeter** than honey, and what is **stronger** than a lion"
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 3:1
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וְהַנָּחָשׁ֙ הָיָ֣ה **עָר֔וּם מִכֹּל֙** חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה
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wehannahash hayah **'arum mikkol** hayyath hassadeh
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And-the-serpent was **shrewd from-all** beings-of the-field
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Now the serpent was **more shrewd than any other** beast of the field
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.. _adjective-intensive:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-intensive.rst
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.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-intensive-hebrew.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 1:31
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וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד
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wehinneh-\ **tov me'od**
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And-behold\_\ **good very**
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"Behold, it was **very good**"
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: JON 3:3
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עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים
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'ir-**gedolah lelohim**
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city\_\ **great to-God**
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a **very large** city
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.. _adjective-superlative:
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.. include:: includes/adjective-superlative.rst
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.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-superlative-hebrew.rst
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: 1SA 16:11 –– adjective with the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`
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עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן
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'owd sha'ar **haqqatan**
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Still remains **the-young**
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There remains yet **the youngest**
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: MIC 7:4 –– adjective with a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`
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טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק
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**tovam** kehedeq
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**good-their** like-brier
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**the best of them** is like a brier
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.. csv-table:: Приклад: SNG 1:8 –– adjective with a :ref:`prepositional<preposition>` phrase
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הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים
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**hayyafah** bannashim
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**the-fair** among-women
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**the fairest** among women
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