:github_url: https://git.door43.org/User./uk_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective.rst
.. _adjective:
Adjective
=========

Висновок
--------
.. include:: includes/adjective-summary.rst
.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-summary-hebrew.rst

Визначення
----------
In Bibical Hebrew, adjectives match the :ref:`noun<noun>` they describe in
gender (:ref:`чоловічий<gender_чоловічий>` or :ref:`жіночий<gender_жіночий>`)
and number (:ref:`однина<number_однина>` or :ref:`множина<number_множина>`).
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If a noun is :ref:`подвійне<number_подвійне>`,
its accompanying adjective will be множина. Also, the gender of some
nouns does not match their apparent form (as in נָשִׁים "women", which is
grammatically-жіночий although it appears grammatically-чоловічий); in
these cases, an accompanying adjective will match the gender of the noun
itself rather than the apparent form. Similarly, for nouns with either :ref:`collective однина<number_однина-collective>`
(as in עַם, meaning "people") or :ref:`majestic множина<number_множина-majestic>` (as in אֱלֹהִים, meaning "God"),
the accompanying adjective may match the implied number rather than the apparent form.

Форма
-----
.. include:: includes/adjective-form.rst

Paradigm
~~~~~~~~

.. csv-table:: Adjective Paradigm
  :header-rows: 1

  Синтаксичний аналіз,Іврит,Транслітерація,Переклад
  чоловічий однина absolute,טוֹב,tov,good
  чоловічий однина construct,טוֹב,tov,good
  чоловічий однина determined,הַטּוֹב,hattov,the good
  жіночий однина absolute,טוֹבָה,tovah,good
  жіночий однина construct,טוֹבַת,tovath,good
  жіночий однина determined,הַטּוֹבָה,hattovah,the good
  чоловічий множина absolute,טוֹבִים,tovim,good
  чоловічий множина contruct,טוֹבֵי,tove,good
  чоловічий множина determined,הַטּוֹבִים,hattovim,the good
  жіночий множина absolute,טוֹבוֹת,tovoth,good
  жіночий множина construct,טוֹבוֹת,tovoth,good
  жіночий множина determined,הַטּוֹבוֹת,hattovoth,the good

Функція
-------

Describes a noun
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. _adjective-attributive:
.. include:: includes/adjective-attributive.rst
.. include:: includes/adjective-attributive-hebrew-aramaic.rst
.. include:: includes/notes/adjective-number.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: 1SA 18:17

  בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה
  vitti **haggedolah**
  my-daughter **the-old**
  my **older** daughter

.. csv-table:: Приклад: JOS 10:2

  כִּ֣י עִ֤יר **גְּדוֹלָה֙** גִּבְע֔וֹן
  
  for city **great** Gibeon
  because Gibeon was a **large** city

.. _adjective-predicative:
.. include:: includes/adjective-predicative.rst
.. include:: includes/notes/adjective-congruence.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: 2SA 14:20

  וַאדֹנִ֣י חָכָ֗ם
  wadoni **hakham**
  And-my-lord **wise**
  My master is **wise**

.. csv-table:: Приклад: 2KI 20:19

  טֹ֥וב דְּבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבַּ֑רְתָּ
  **towv** devar-yehwah 'asher dibbarta
  **Good** word-of\_Йагве that you-spoke.
  The word of Йагве that you have spoken is **good**.

.. _adjective-nominal:
.. include:: includes/adjective-nominal.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: PSA 3:2

  רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי
  **rabbim** qamim 'alay
  **many** are-rising-up against-me
  **many people** are rising up against me

.. csv-table:: Приклад: ISA 30:12

  לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ **קְד֣וֹשׁ** יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
  
  Therefore thus he-says **holy-of** Israel
  "Therefore the **Holy One** of Israel says,"

.. _adjective-adverbial:
.. include:: includes/adjective-adverbial.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: JOS 21:10

  כִּ֥י לָהֶ֛ם הָיָ֥ה הַגּוֹרָ֖ל רִיאשֹׁנָֽה
  
  for to-them it-was the-lot **first**
  For the **first** casting of lots had fallen to them.

Other uses of adjectives
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. _adjective-comparative:
.. include:: includes/adjective-comparative.rst
.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-comparative-hebrew.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: JDG 14:18

  מַה־\ **מָּת֣וֹק** מִדְּבַ֔שׁ וּמֶ֥ה **עַ֖ז** מֵאֲרִ֑י
  mah-\ **mmathoq** middevash umeh **'az** me'ari
  What\_\ **sweet** than-honey and-what **strong** from-lion
  "What is **sweeter** than honey, and what is **stronger** than a lion"

.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 3:1

  וְהַנָּחָשׁ֙ הָיָ֣ה **עָר֔וּם מִכֹּל֙** חַיַּ֣ת הַשָּׂדֶ֔ה
  wehannahash hayah **'arum mikkol** hayyath hassadeh
  And-the-serpent was **shrewd from-all** beings-of the-field
  Now the serpent was **more shrewd than any other** beast of the field

.. _adjective-intensive:
.. include:: includes/adjective-intensive.rst
.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-intensive-hebrew.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: GEN 1:31

  וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב מְאֹ֑ד
  wehinneh-\ **tov me'od**
  And-behold\_\ **good very**
  "Behold, it was **very good**"

.. csv-table:: Приклад: JON 3:3

  עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים
  'ir-**gedolah lelohim**
  city\_\ **great to-God**
  a **very large** city

.. _adjective-superlative:
.. include:: includes/adjective-superlative.rst
.. include:: includes/hebrew/adjective-superlative-hebrew.rst
.. csv-table:: Приклад: 1SA 16:11 –– adjective with the :ref:`definite article<particle_definite_article>`

  עֹ֚וד שָׁאַ֣ר הַקָּטָ֔ן
  'owd sha'ar **haqqatan**
  Still remains **the-young**
  There remains yet **the youngest**

.. csv-table:: Приклад: MIC 7:4 –– adjective with a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`

  טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק
  **tovam** kehedeq
  **good-their** like-brier
  **the best of them** is like a brier

.. csv-table:: Приклад: SNG 1:8 –– adjective with a :ref:`prepositional<preposition>` phrase

  הַיָּפָ֖ה בַּנָּשִׁ֑ים
  **hayyafah** bannashim
  **the-fair** among-women
  **the fairest** among women