453 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
453 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/suffix_pronominal.rst
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.. _suffix_pronominal:
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Suffix Pronominal
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=================
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Summary
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-------
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Pronominal Suffixes are suffixes that refer to a person or an object at
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the end of a noun, a particle, a verb, or a direct object marker. This
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suffix can have the meaning of a genitive (such as possession), a direct
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object, or an indirect object.
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Article
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-------
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Form
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----
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Pronominal
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:ref:`suffix`
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refer to a person or an object and can therefore be
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:ref:`gender_masculine`
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or
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:ref:`number_singular`
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or
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:ref:`number_plural`,
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and be in
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:ref:`person_second`,
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or
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:ref:`person_third`
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person, depending on who or what they are referring to.
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The suffixes look similar to the corresponding :ref:`pronoun_personal`,
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and in many languages will have to be translated with a separate word.
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The person or object to which the suffix refers can indicate possession
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(as with nouns), or be a direct or indirect object (as with prepositions
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and verbs), depending on the context.
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.. _suffix_pronominal-nouns:
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:ref:`noun`
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-----------
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Nouns must be in the
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:ref:`state_construct`
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form before a pronominal suffix can be added, and having a pronominal
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suffix automatically makes the noun
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:ref:`state_determined-pronominal-suffix`.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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With a singular noun
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.. csv-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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common singular first person,סוּסִי,susi,my horse
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masculine singular second person,סוּסְךָ,suskha,your horse
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feminine singular second person,סוּסֵךְ,susekh,your horse
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masculine singular third person,סוּסוֹ / סוּסֹה / סוּסֵהוּ,suso / susoh / susehu,his horse
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feminine singular third person,סוּסהָ / סוּסָהּ,susha / susah,her horse
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common plural first person,סוּסֵנוּ,susenu,our horse
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masculine plural second person,סוּסְכֶם,susekhem,your horse
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feminine plural second person,סוּסְכֶן,susekhen,your horse
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masculine plural third person,סוּסְהֶם / סוּסָם,susehem / susam,their horse
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feminine plural third person,סוּסְהֶן / סוּסָן,susehen / susan,their horse
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With a plural noun
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.. csv-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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common singular first person,סוּסַי,susay,my horses
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masculine singular second person,סוּסֶיךָ,susekha,your horses
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feminine singular second person,סוּסַיִךְ,susayikh,your horses
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masculine singular third person,סוּסָיו,susayw,his horses
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feminine singular third person,סוּסֶיהָ,suseyha,her horses
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common plural first person,סוּסֵינוּ,susenu,our horses
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masculine plural second person,סוּסֵיכֶם,susekhem,your horses
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feminine plural second person,סוּסֵיכֶן,susekhen,your horses
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masculine plural third person,סוּסֵיהֶם,susehem,their horses
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feminine plural third person,סוּסֵיהֶן,susehen,their horses
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Examples
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~~~~~~~~
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- 2SA 17:23
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.. csv-table::
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וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
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wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
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And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city**
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He went **home** to **his own city**
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- 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew)
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.. csv-table::
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בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
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**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
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**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**
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"**My son** Absalom, **my son**, **my son**!"
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- EZR 9:12
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.. csv-table::
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"וְ֠עַתָּה **בְּֽנֹותֵיכֶ֞ם** אַל־תִּתְּנ֣וּ **לִבְנֵיהֶ֗ם
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וּבְנֹֽתֵיהֶם֙** אַל־תִּשְׂא֣וּ לִבְנֵיכֶ֔ם"
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"we'attah **benowthekhem** 'al-tittenu **livnehem uvenothehem**
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'al-tis'u **livnekhem**"
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"And-now **your-daughters** not\_give **to-their-sons
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and-their-daughters** not\_take **for-your-sons**"
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"So now, do not give **your daughters to their sons**; do not take
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**their daughters for your sons**"
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.. _suffix_pronominal-prepositions:
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Prepositions
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------------
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Form
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~~~~
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The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a preposition can differ
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slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the
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:ref:`noun_common-paradigm`
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above.
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ב
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^
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In, into
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- 1SA 25:28
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.. csv-table::
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וְרָעָ֛ה לֹא־תִמָּצֵ֥א **בְךָ֖** מִיָּמֶֽיךָ׃
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wera'ah lo-thimmatse **vekha** miyyameykha
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and-evil not\_will-be-found **in-you** from-your-days
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and evil will not be found **in you** so long as you live.
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- JOB 39:12
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.. csv-table::
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הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו
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hatha'amin **bow**
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Do-you-believe **in-him**
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Will you depend **on him**?
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כ
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^
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Like, just as
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- 2KI 17:15
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.. csv-table::
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אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃
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'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth **kahem**
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"whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing
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**like-them**"
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those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**.
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- ISA 46:9
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.. csv-table::
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וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃
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we'efes **kamowni**
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and no-one **like-me**
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and there is no one **like me**.
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ל and אֶל
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^^^^^^^^^
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To, toward
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Possession
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''''''''''
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- EXO 19:5
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.. csv-table::
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כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
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ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets
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for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth
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for all the earth is **mine**.
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Indirect Object
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'''''''''''''''
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- EXO 9:13
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.. csv-table::
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וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו
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we'amarta **'elayw**
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and-say **to-him**
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and say **to him**
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- JDG 11:36
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.. csv-table::
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וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו
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wattomer **'elayw**
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And-she-said **to-him**
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She said **to him**
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עַל
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^^^
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On, upon, over
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- DEU 17:14
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.. csv-table::
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אָשִׂ֤ימָה **עָלַי֙** מֶ֔לֶךְ
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'asimah **'alay** melekh
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I-will-set **over-me** king
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I will set a king **over myself**
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- ISA 62:5
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.. csv-table::
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יָשִׂ֥ישׂ **עָלַ֖יִךְ** אֱלֹהָֽיִךְ׃
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yasis **'alayikh** 'elohayikh
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he-will-rejoice **over-you** your-God.
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your God will rejoice **over you**.
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אַחַר
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^^^^^
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After, behind
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- 2CH 8:8
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.. csv-table::
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אֲשֶׁ֨ר נֹותְר֤וּ **אַחֲרֵיהֶם֙** בָּאָ֔רֶץ
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'asher nowthru **'aharehem** ba'arets
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who were-left **after-them** in-the-land
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who were left **after them** in the land
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- JER 9:16 (JER 9:15 in Hebrew)
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.. csv-table::
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וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י **אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙** אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב
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weshillahti **'aharehem** 'eth-haherev
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and-I-will-send-out **after-them** [dir.obj]\_the-sword
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I will send out a sword **after them**
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תַּחַת
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^^^^^^
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Beneath, under, in place of
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- DEU 28:23
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.. csv-table::
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וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־\ **תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ** בַּרְזֶֽל׃
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weha'arets 'asher-**tahteykha** barzel
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and-the-earth which\_\ **under-you** will-be-iron.
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and the earth that is **under you** will be iron.
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- PSA 47:3 (PSA 47:4 in Hebrew)
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.. csv-table::
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יַדְבֵּ֣ר עַמִּ֣ים תַּחְתֵּ֑ינוּ
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yadber 'ammim **tahtenu**
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He-will-drive-back peoples **beneath-us**
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He subdues peoples **under us**
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עַד
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^^^
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Unto, until, as far as
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- NUM 23:18
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.. csv-table::
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הַאֲזִ֥ינָה **עָדַ֖י** בְּנֹ֥ו צִפֹּֽר׃
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ha'azinah **'aday** benow tsippor
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Listen **unto-me** son-of Zippor.
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"Listen **to me**, you son of Zippor."
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- AMO 4:10
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.. csv-table::
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וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י
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welo-shavtem **'aday**
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And-not you-have-returned **unto-me**
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Yet you have not returned **to me**
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מִן
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^^^
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From
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- GEN 22:12
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.. csv-table::
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וְלֹ֥א חָשַׂ֛כְתָּ אֶת־בִּנְךָ֥ אֶת־יְחִידְךָ֖ **מִמֶּֽנִּי**\ ׃
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welo hasakhta 'eth-binkha 'eth-yehidekha **mimmenni**
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"and-not you-witheld [dir.obj]\_your-son [dir.obj]\_your-only
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**from-me**."
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"you have not withheld your son, your only son, **from me**."
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- 1CH 29:14
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.. csv-table::
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כִּֽי־\ **מִמְּךָ֣** הַכֹּ֔ל
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ki-\ **mimmekha** hakkol
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for\_\ **from-you** the-all
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all things come **from you**
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עִם
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^^^
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With
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- PSA 50:18
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.. csv-table::
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וַתִּ֣רֶץ עִמֹּ֑ו
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wattirets **'immow**
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and-you-are-pleased **with-him**
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you agree **with him**
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- ZEC 14:5
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.. csv-table::
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כָּל־קְדֹשִׁ֖ים **עִמָּֽךְ**\ ׃
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kol-qedoshim **'immakh**
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all\_holy-ones **with-him**
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all the holy ones will be **with him**
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אֵת
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^^^
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With
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- PSA 12:4
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.. csv-table::
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שְׂפָתֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֑נוּ
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sefathenu **'ittanu**
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our-lips **with-us**.
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our lips speak and they **make us prevail**.
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- PRO 1:11
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.. csv-table::
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לְכָ֪ה אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ
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lekhah **'ittanu**
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walk **with-us**
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come **with us**
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:ref:`verb`
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Form
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~~~~
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The forms that pronominal suffixes take after a verb can differ
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slightly, but never much, from the standard suffixes in the
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:ref:`noun_common-paradigm`
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above.
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.. _suffix_pronominal-direclty-to-the-verb:
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Directly to the verb
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The pronominal suffix can be attached to any verb conjugation, except
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for the :ref:`infinitive_absolute`.
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- GEN 37:14
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.. csv-table::
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וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃
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**wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah
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**and-he-sent-him** from-Valley-of Hebron and-he-came-in Shechem.
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"**So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to
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Shechem."
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- 2CH 15:2
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.. csv-table::
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וְאִֽם־\ **תִּדְרְשֻׁ֨הוּ֙** יִמָּצֵ֣א לָכֶ֔ם
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we'im-\ **tidreshuhu** yimmatse lakhem
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And-if\_\ **you-seek-him** he-will-be-found by-you
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"If **you seek him**, he will be found by you"
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- HOS 8:7
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.. csv-table::
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זָרִ֖ים **יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ**\ ׃
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zarim **yivla'uhu**
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strangers **will-swallow-him**
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foreigners **will devour it**
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.. _suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker:
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With a :ref:`particle_direct_object_marker` (אֵת)
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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- 1SA 17:9
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.. csv-table::
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וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃
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wa'avadtem **'othanu**
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and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
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then you will serve **us**.
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- JDG 10:13
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.. csv-table::
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וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י
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we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi**
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And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me**
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Yet you abandoned **me**
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