Joel's edits to UHG v.1 (#407)
This commit is contained in:
parent
546e785da6
commit
fbdde74639
|
@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ Summary
|
|||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
Conjunctions connect words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs. The most common conjunctions in English are
|
||||
"and," "or," "but," and "for." Some
|
||||
:ref:`particle`\s
|
||||
in Biblical Hebrew are closely related to conjunctions.
|
||||
"and," "or," "but," and "for." Some :ref:`particles<particle>` in Biblical Hebrew are closely related to conjunctions.
|
||||
|
||||
Article
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
@ -26,23 +24,18 @@ components, but rather as a single grammatical entity with its own range
|
|||
of meanings which may or may not be different than the individual
|
||||
component words.
|
||||
|
||||
Generally, there are eight different kinds of conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew: conjunctive ("and"); alternative ("or");
|
||||
contrastive ("but"); causal ("for"); conditional ("if"); concessive ("except"); affirmative ("surely"); restrictive ("only").
|
||||
Many conjunctions in Biblical Hebrew have potential to function in multiple categories.
|
||||
|
||||
-וְ
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as
|
||||
either a consonant or a shureq vowel). This conjunction וְ ("and")
|
||||
cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to
|
||||
another word as a prefix. This can be added to a
|
||||
:ref:`noun`,
|
||||
a
|
||||
:ref:`verb`,
|
||||
a
|
||||
:ref:`pronoun`,
|
||||
or a
|
||||
:ref:`particle`.
|
||||
The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired
|
||||
with the definite article) or qamets (when paired with both the article
|
||||
and a ה prefix), but others are also possible.
|
||||
Sentences in Biblical Hebrew often begin with the conjunction ו (as either a consonant or a shureq vowel).
|
||||
This conjunction וְ ("and") cannot stand alone as an independent word but must be connected to another word as a prefix.
|
||||
This can be added to a :ref:`noun<noun>`, a :ref:`verb<verb>`, a :ref:`pronoun<pronoun>`, or a :ref:`particle<particle>`.
|
||||
The shewa in וְ can lengthen to a vowel, usually pathah (when paired with the definite article) or qamets
|
||||
(when paired with both the article and a ה prefix), but others are also possible.
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: This conjunction is often left untranslated when it begins a
|
||||
sentence or clause, or when it appears within the sequential verbal
|
||||
|
@ -198,7 +191,7 @@ expresses purpose and one that expresses result. When כִּי functions as
|
|||
a causal conjunction, it is often translated into English simply as
|
||||
"for", which can express either purpose or result.
|
||||
|
||||
Expresses purpose
|
||||
expresses purpose
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
This means to express the purpose, reason, or cause for an action/event.
|
||||
|
@ -216,7 +209,7 @@ In English, this kind of causal conjunction is usually translated as
|
|||
"Then Yahweh God said to the snake, ""**Because** you did this, I will
|
||||
curse you."""
|
||||
|
||||
Expresses result
|
||||
expresses result
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
This means to express the result or intended outcome of an action/event.
|
||||
|
@ -237,7 +230,7 @@ This is also a very common use of the word כִּי in Biblical Hebrew. This
|
|||
conjunction can describe either a hypothetical condition or an actual
|
||||
condition, as determined by the context.
|
||||
|
||||
Expresses a hypothetical condition
|
||||
expresses a hypothetical condition
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has
|
||||
|
@ -257,7 +250,7 @@ desirability.
|
|||
"**If** you meet any man, do not greet him, and **if** anyone greets
|
||||
you, do not answer him."
|
||||
|
||||
Expresses an actual condition
|
||||
expresses an actual condition
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually
|
||||
|
@ -293,7 +286,7 @@ meaning of the word in any specific instance.
|
|||
her name will be Sarah."
|
||||
|
||||
אִם
|
||||
---
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
.. note:: Like the word כִּי, the word אִם in Biblical Hebrew is also
|
||||
extremely flexible in its meaning. If in doubt, it is recommended to
|
||||
|
@ -311,7 +304,7 @@ various other particles to form different compound conjunctions.
|
|||
Therefore, this word must be translated always with senstivity to the
|
||||
context to express the correct nuance.
|
||||
|
||||
Expresses a hypothetical condition
|
||||
expresses a hypothetical condition
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
A hypothetical condition expresses an imaginary action or event that has
|
||||
|
@ -337,7 +330,7 @@ an actual condition.
|
|||
**Though**\ \_stood Moses and-Samuel before-me
|
||||
**Even if** Moses or Samuel were standing in front of me
|
||||
|
||||
Expresses an actual condition
|
||||
expresses an actual condition
|
||||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
An actual condition expresses an action or event that has actually
|
||||
|
@ -368,7 +361,7 @@ something that has happened in the past in certain circumstances.
|
|||
"**If** he said, 'The speckled animals will be your wages,' then all
|
||||
the flock bore speckled young."
|
||||
|
||||
Disjunctive
|
||||
Alternative
|
||||
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
||||
|
||||
This use of the conjunction אִם is often found in a question and is
|
||||
|
@ -382,7 +375,7 @@ usually translated as "or" in English.
|
|||
Are you for us **or** for our enemies?
|
||||
|
||||
וְעַתָּה
|
||||
--------
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
The word עַתָּה ("now") in Biblical Hebrew often functions as a temporal adverb
|
||||
in a sentence. However, when עַתָּה appears at the beginning of a
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
|
|||
In Biblical Hebrew, participles are :ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>` verbal forms that can change their form based on
|
||||
:ref:`stem formation<stem>` (like :ref:`verbs<verb>`) as well as person, gender, state, and :ref:`defniteness<definiteness>`
|
||||
:ref:`stem formation<stem>` (like :ref:`verbs<verb>`) as well as person, gender, state, and :ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`
|
||||
(like both :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` and :ref:`nouns<noun>`).
|
||||
Participles are very flexible in their grammatical use and can function as a verbal complement, a
|
||||
:ref:`finite<verb-finite>` main verb, an :ref:`adjective<adjective>`, or a :ref:`noun<noun>`.
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ determined by the context.
|
|||
|
||||
.. note:: The subject of a verbal participle usually
|
||||
precedes the participle, in contrast to the normal conventions of
|
||||
:ref:`word_order`.
|
||||
:ref:`word order<word_order>`.
|
||||
|
||||
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 3:8 –– expressing frequentive action
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -144,8 +144,8 @@ Functions as an :ref:`adjective<adjective>`
|
|||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||
|
||||
An adjectival participle immediately follows the noun it describes, and matches that noun in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`.
|
||||
An adjectival participle can either function as an :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` adjective by itself
|
||||
or introduce an entire clause that functions as an adjective (either attributive or :ref:`predicative<adjective-predicative>`).
|
||||
An adjectival participle can either function as an adjective by itself or introduce an entire clause
|
||||
that functions as an adjective (either :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` or :ref:`predicative<adjective-predicative>`).
|
||||
|
||||
.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 4:24 –– a participle functioning by itself as an adjective
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ Participle Passive
|
|||
Summary
|
||||
-------
|
||||
|
||||
A passive participle is a non-finite verbal form with passive or reflexive voice that can function as a :ref:`verb<verb>`(or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun.
|
||||
A passive participle is a non-finite verbal form with passive or reflexive voice that can function as a
|
||||
:ref:`verb<verb>`(or verbal complement), an adjective, or a noun.
|
||||
In Biblical Hebrew, passive participles most often function as either an :ref:`attributive<adjective-attributive>` adjective or a :ref:`predicative<adjective-predicative>` adjective.
|
||||
|
||||
Article
|
||||
|
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue