Joel's edits to UHG v.1 (#393)
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@ -70,11 +70,9 @@ describes a noun
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The most common use of adjectives in Biblical Hebrew is to describe a noun. There are two kinds of adjective that function in this way, attributive adjectves and predicative adjectives. In almost all
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instances, an attributive adjective immediately follows the noun that it
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describes and has the same form. Thus, if the noun is masculine, the
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adjective is also masculine; if the noun is singular, the adjective is
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also singular; if the noun is
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:ref:`state_determined`,
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the adjective is also definite; and so on.
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describes and has the same form in gender, number, and :ref:`definiteness`.
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Thus, if the noun is masculine, the adjective is also masculine. If the noun is singular, the adjective is
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also singular. If the noun is definite, the adjective is also definite; and so on.
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.. note:: When an :ref:`adjective_cardinal_number` or an
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:ref:`adjective_ordinal_number` is used as attributive
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@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ describes in both gender (masculine/feminine) and number
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adjective can be indefinite even if it describes a definite noun.
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.. note:: Sometimes, predicative adjectives and attributive adjectives look
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identical and must be distinguished based only on the context.
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identical and must be distinguished simply from the context.
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.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 14:20
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@ -8,32 +8,31 @@ Noun
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Summary
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-------
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A noun is a person, a thing, a place, or an idea.
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A noun is a word that refers to a person, a thing, a place, or an idea.
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Article
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-------
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Every noun also has a number, which can be
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In Biblical Hebrew, all nouns contain number, gender, state, and :ref:`definiteness`.
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By number, a noun can be
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:ref:`number_singular`,
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:ref:`number_plural`,
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or
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:ref:`number_dual`.
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A noun also has a state, which can be
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:ref:`state_construct`
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or
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:ref:`state_absolute`.
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All nouns are either indefinite or definite (i.e.
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:ref:`state_determined`).
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Nouns are listed in a dictionary by their singular absolute form. Nouns can also have a variety
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of prefixes or
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:ref:`suffix`\es
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that give extra information.
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The form of the noun usually indicates its gender, which
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By gender, a noun can be either
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can be
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:ref:`gender_masculine`
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or
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:ref:`gender_feminine`.
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However, sometimes the gender of a noun does not match its form.
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:ref:`gender_feminine`.
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By state, a noun can be in the
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:ref:`state_construct`
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or in the
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:ref:`state_absolute`.
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Nouns are listed in a dictionary by their singular absolute form. Also, a variety of prefixes and/or
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:ref:`suffix`\es
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can be attached to nouns that give extra information.
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.. note:: Sometimes the actual classification of a noun does not match its form. For example, a noun can appear dual when it is actually plural; a noun can appear masculine when it is actually feminine; and so on.
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In Biblical Hebrew, it is very common for words to change their function within a sentence. For example, sometimes an adjective
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:ref:`adjective-substantive`. Sometimes a
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@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ Matches an :ref:`adjective` to a :ref:`noun`
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In Biblical Hebrew, when a definite
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:ref:`noun_common`
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is followed by a definite adjective, the definiteness of both terms shows that they belong together.
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In other words, that particular adjective is describing an attribute of that particular noun.
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That particular adjective is describing that particular noun.
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 21:45
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@ -405,11 +405,10 @@ Introduces a verbal relative clause
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When the definite article is used in front of a
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:ref:`verb`,
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it functions very much like a :ref:`particle_relative`.
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It refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb.
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it refers to the person(s) doing the action described by the verb and is translated very much like a :ref:`particle_relative`.
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The definite article is used in this way usually with non-finite verbal forms (infinitives or participles) and only rarely with finite verbs.
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With a :ref:`verb-non-finite` verb
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with a :ref:`verb-non-finite` verb
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:7
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@ -427,7 +426,7 @@ With a :ref:`verb-non-finite` verb
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from-their-place"
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**The soldiers hiding in ambush** quickly rushed out of their place
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With a :ref:`verb-finite` verb
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with a :ref:`verb-finite` verb
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. csv-table:: Example: JOS 10:24
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@ -440,8 +439,9 @@ With a :ref:`verb-finite` verb
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Definiteness in poetry
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----------------------
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In poetry definite words often do not have the
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:ref:`particle_definite_article`.
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The :ref:`particle_definite_article` is used very rarely in Hebrew poetry.
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In poetry, therefore, definite terms and indefinite terms often look exactly alike
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and must be recognized based on other indicators or discerned simply from the context.
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.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 2:2
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