Samuel_Kim_en_uhg/content/person_first.rst

:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_first.rst

.. _person_first:

Person First
============

Summary
-------

The first person form of a term refers to the person(s) writing or speaking.

Article
-------

The first person is the person or persons that are speaking.
If it is a single person,
it is "I", "me", or "my", if it is a group of people it is "we", "us",
or "our".

Form
----

When a word is in the first person, it can be recognized by a variety of
changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and
are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a
sample of the kinds of changes that signal a first person.

Paradigm
~~~~~~~~

.. csv-table:: First Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  first person common singular,קָטַלְתִּי,qatalti,I killed
  first person common plural,קָטַלְנוּ,qatalnu,we killed
  first person common singular,אֶקְטֹל,'eqtol,I will kill
  first person common plural,נִקְטֹל,niqtol,we will kill

.. csv-table:: First Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  first person common singular,אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי,'ani / 'anokhi,I
  first person common plural,אֲנַחְנוּ,'anahnu,we

.. csv-table:: First Person Object Pronoun Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  first person common singular,אֹתִי,'othi,me
  first person common plural,אֹתָנוּ,'othanu,us

.. csv-table:: First Person Pronominal Suffix Forms

  Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
  first person common singular,לִי / - ִי,li / -i,(to) me
  first person common plural,לָנוּ / -נוּ,lanu / - nu,(to) us

Neither English nor Biblical Hebrew distinguish between the inclusive and
the exclusive "we". The context will determine which one is
meant. See also `translationAcademy <http://ufw.io/academy/>`_ and
`translationNotes <http://ufw.io/academy/>`_ for help
if the context is not clear.

Hebrew does distinguish between
:ref:`number_singular`
and
:ref:`number_plural`,
but not between
:ref:`gender_masculine`
and
:ref:`gender_feminine`
in the first person.

The first person can be found in
:ref:`verb`
forms, :ref:`pronoun_personal`,
and :ref:`suffix_pronominal`.

Function
--------

A first person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate
possession.

Subject
~~~~~~~

The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action.

In the :ref:`verb` form
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 28:15

  עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־\ **עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ
  'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh
  "until then when\_\ **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what\_I-have-spoken
     to-you."
  **I will do** all that I have promised to you.

As a :ref:`pronoun_personal`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 6:2

  אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
  **'ani** yehwah
  **I** Yahweh.
  **I** am Yahweh.

Object
~~~~~~

The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the
action of the verb.

This is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`:

Related to a :ref:`verb`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Either :ref:`suffix_pronominal-direclty-to-the-verb`,
or by being attached to a :ref:`suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker`.

.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 17:9

  וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃
  wa'avadtem **'othanu**
  and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
  then you will serve **us**.

:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 46:9

  וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃
  we'efes **kamowni**
  and-none **like-me**.
  and there is no one **like me**.

Possession
~~~~~~~~~~

Indicating possession is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`:

:ref:`suffix_pronominal-nouns`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew)

  בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
  **beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
  **My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**.
  "**My son** Absalom, Absalom, **my son, my son**!"

:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 19:5

  כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
  ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets
  for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth.
  for all the earth is **mine**.