2018-03-07 14:10:28 +00:00
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:github_url: https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_first.rst
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2018-03-06 14:24:12 +00:00
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2018-03-07 14:10:28 +00:00
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.. _person_first:
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2018-03-06 14:24:12 +00:00
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2018-03-06 15:40:53 +00:00
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Person First
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2018-03-07 14:10:28 +00:00
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============
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2018-03-06 14:24:12 +00:00
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Summary
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-------
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First person is used when the narrator or speaker is the subject of the
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sentence.
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Article
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-------
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The first person is the person(s) that speak. If it is a single person,
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it is "I", "me", or "my", if it is a group of people it is "we", "us",
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or "our".
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The first person is only used in direct speech.
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Form
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----
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When a word is in the first person, it can be recognized by a variety of
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changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and
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are hard to sum up in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a
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sample of the kinds of changes that signal a first person.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. raw:: html
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd">
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.. raw:: html
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<th>
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Word
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.. raw:: html
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</th>
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.. raw:: html
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<th>
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Hebrew
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.. raw:: html
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</th>
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.. raw:: html
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<th>
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Transliteration
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.. raw:: html
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</th>
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.. raw:: html
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<th>
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Gloss
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.. raw:: html
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</th>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Qal suffix conjugation, first person common singular
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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קָטַלְתִּי
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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qatalti
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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I killed
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Qal suffix conjugation, first person common plural
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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קָטַלְנוּ
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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qatalnu
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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we killed
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Qal prefix conjugation, first person common singular
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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אֶקְטֹל
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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'eqtol
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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I will kill
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Qal prefix conjugation, first person common plural
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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נִקְטֹל
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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niqtol
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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we will kill
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Independent personal pronoun, first person common singular
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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אֲנִי / אָנֹכִי
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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'ani / 'anokhi
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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I
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Independent personal pronoun, first person common plural
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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אֲנַחְנוּ
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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'anahnu
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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we
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Object pronoun, first person common singular
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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אֹתִי
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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'othi
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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me
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Object pronoun, first person common plural
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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אֹתָנוּ
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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'othanu
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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us
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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Pronomial suffix, first person common singular
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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לִי / - ִי
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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li / -i
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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(to) me
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="center">
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.. raw:: html
|
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<td>
|
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|
Pronomial suffix, first person common plural
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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</td>
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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<td>
|
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|
לָנוּ / -נוּ
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
|
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<td>
|
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lanu / - nu
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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|
<td>
|
|
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|
(to) us
|
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|
.. raw:: html
|
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</td>
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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</tr>
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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</tbody>
|
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.. raw:: html
|
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|
</table>
|
|
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|
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|
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|
Neither the English nor the Hebrew distinguish between the inclusive and
|
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|
|
the exclusive "we". The context will have to determine which one is
|
|
|
|
|
meant. See also the translation academy and translation notes for help
|
|
|
|
|
if the text is potentially confusing.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Hebrew does distinguish between
|
|
|
|
|
:ref:`number_singular`
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
:ref:`number_plural`,
|
|
|
|
|
but not between
|
|
|
|
|
:ref:`gender_masculine`
|
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
:ref:`gender_feminine`
|
|
|
|
|
in the first person.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The first person can be found in
|
|
|
|
|
:ref:`verb`
|
|
|
|
|
forms, :ref:`pronoun_personal`,
|
|
|
|
|
and :ref:`suffix_pronominal`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Function
|
|
|
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A first person can be used as a subject, an object, or to indicate
|
|
|
|
|
possession.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subject
|
|
|
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The subject in a sentence is the person who does the action.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the :ref:`verb` form
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- GEN 28:15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<col width="100%" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִם־\ **עָשִׂ֔יתִי** אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי לָֽךְ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-even">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
'ad 'asher 'im-**'asithi** 'eth 'asher-dibbarti lakh
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-odd">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
until then when\_\ **I-have-done** [dir.obj] what\_I-have-spoken
|
|
|
|
|
to-you.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-even">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**I will do** all that I have promised to you.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As a :ref:`pronoun_personal`
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- EXO 6:2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<col width="100%" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-even">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**'ani** yehwah
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-odd">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**I** Yahweh.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-even">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
**I** am Yahweh.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Object
|
|
|
|
|
~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The object in a sentence is the person (or object) that receives the
|
|
|
|
|
action of the verb.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related to a :ref:`verb`
|
|
|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Either :ref:`suffix_pronominal-direclty-to-the-verb`,
|
2018-03-07 15:45:10 +00:00
|
|
|
|
or by being attached to a :ref:`suffix_pronominal-with-a-direct-object-marker`.
|
2018-03-06 14:24:12 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 1SA 17:9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table border="1" class="docutils">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<col width="100%" />
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tbody valign="top">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. raw:: html
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<td>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֖ם **אֹתָֽנוּ**\ ׃
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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wa'avadtem **'othanu**
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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and-you-will-serve **[dir.obj]-us**.
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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then you will serve **us**.
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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</tbody>
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.. raw:: html
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</table>
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:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions`
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2018-03-07 15:45:10 +00:00
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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2018-03-06 14:24:12 +00:00
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- ISA 46:9
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.. raw:: html
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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.. raw:: html
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<colgroup>
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.. raw:: html
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<col width="100%" />
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.. raw:: html
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</colgroup>
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.. raw:: html
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<tbody valign="top">
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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וְאֶ֥פֶס **כָּמֹֽונִי**\ ׃
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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we'efes **kamowni**
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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and-none **like-me**.
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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and there is no one **like me**.
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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</tbody>
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.. raw:: html
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</table>
|
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|
Possession
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~~~~~~~~~~
|
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Indicating possession is done by the :ref:`suffix_pronominal`:
|
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|
:ref:`suffix_pronominal-nouns`
|
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|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
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|
- 2SA 19:4 (2SA 19:1 in Hebrew)
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.. raw:: html
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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.. raw:: html
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<colgroup>
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.. raw:: html
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<col width="100%" />
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.. raw:: html
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</colgroup>
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.. raw:: html
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<tbody valign="top">
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
|
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
|
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|
בְּנִ֤י אַבְשָׁלֹום֙ בְּנִ֣י בְנִ֣י
|
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
|
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
|
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**beni** 'avshalowm **beni veni**
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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**My-son** Absalom **my-son my-son**.
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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**My son** Absalom, Absalom, **my son, my son**!
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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</tbody>
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.. raw:: html
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</table>
|
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|
:ref:`suffix_pronominal-prepositions`
|
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|
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
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|
|
- EXO 19:5
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.. raw:: html
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<table border="1" class="docutils">
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.. raw:: html
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<colgroup>
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.. raw:: html
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<col width="100%" />
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.. raw:: html
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</colgroup>
|
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.. raw:: html
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<tbody valign="top">
|
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd" align="right">
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.. raw:: html
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|
<td>
|
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|
|
כִּי־\ **לִ֖י** כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
|
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-even">
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
|
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|
ki-\ **li** kol-ha'arets
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
|
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.. raw:: html
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<tr class="row-odd">
|
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.. raw:: html
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|
<td>
|
|
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|
|
for\_\ **to-me** all\_the-earth.
|
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|
|
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|
|
.. raw:: html
|
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</td>
|
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
|
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.. raw:: html
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|
<tr class="row-even">
|
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.. raw:: html
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<td>
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|
for all the earth is **mine**.
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.. raw:: html
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</td>
|
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.. raw:: html
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</tr>
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.. raw:: html
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</tbody>
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.. raw:: html
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|
</table>
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