RobH_en_tn/tn_PRO.tsv

Reference	ID	Tags	SupportReference	Quote	Occurrence	Note
front:intro	spe4				0	# Introduction to Proverbs\n\n## Part 1: General Introduction\n\n### Outline of Proverbs\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n3. Proverbs from Solomon (10:1–22:16)\n4. Sayings from wise men (22:17–24:22)\n5. More sayings from wise men (24:23–34)\n6. Hezekiah’s proverbs from Solomon (25:1–29:27)\n7. Sayings from Agur (30:1–33)\n8. Sayings from Lemuel (31:1–9)\n9. Description of a good and capable wife (31:10–31)\n\n### What is the Book of Proverbs about?\n\nThe Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])\n\n### How should the title of this book be translated?\n\nThe title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar.\n\n### Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?\n\nProverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in [22:17](../22/17.md)–[24:34](../24/34.md). Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in [30:1–33](../30/01.md) and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in [31:1–31](../31/01.md).\n\n## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts\n\n### What is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?\n\n“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])\n\n## Part 3: Important Translation Issues\n\n### Parallelism\n\nMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\n### Personification\n\nIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. [Proverbs 1:20–33](../01/20.md), [3:15–18](../03/15.md), [4:6–9](../04/06.md), and [8:1](../08/01.md)–[9:12](../09/12.md) refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. [Proverbs 9:13–18](../09/13.md) refers to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:intro	y4et				0	# Proverbs 1 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\n1. Introduction and purpose for Proverbs (1:1–7)\n    * Title (1:1)\n    * The Purpose of Proverbs (1:2–6)\n    * Main Theme: Fearing Yahweh is essential to being wise (1:7)\n2. A father teaches his son about wisdom (1:8–9:18)\n    * Avoid evil companions (1:8–19)\n    * Do not reject wisdom (1:20–33)\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Personification\n\nIn [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1:1	ej1t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה	1	The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the proverbs of Solomon”
1:1	q6pn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה	1	Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **proverbs** that were written by **Solomon**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The proverbs that were written by Solomon”
1:2	sah7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	לָ⁠דַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּ⁠מוּסָ֑ר	1	[1:2–6](../01/02.md) are one long sentence that lacks some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The purposes of proverbs are to know wisdom and instruction”
1:2	i8k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	לָ⁠דַ֣עַת & לְ֝⁠הָבִ֗ין	1	**To** and **to** here indicate two purposes for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of knowing … and they are for the purpose of understanding”
1:2	iaq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	חָכְמָ֣ה וּ⁠מוּסָ֑ר	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **wisdom** and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “wise and instructive things”
1:2	rs3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה	1	Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **sayings** that give a person **understanding**. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “sayings that give someone understanding”
1:3	ew1z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	לָ֭⁠קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר	1	Here, **to** indicates a third purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of receiving instruction of”
1:3	aun5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝⁠מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּ⁠מֵישָׁרִֽים	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **instruction**, **insight**, **righteousness**, **justice**, and **integrity**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is instructive of what is insightful, what is righteous, what is just, and what is honest”
1:4	j62d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	לָ⁠תֵ֣ת לִ⁠פְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה	1	Here, **to** indicates a fourth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of giving naive ones prudence”
1:4	p2ca		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	עָרְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּ⁠מְזִמָּֽה	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **prudence**, **knowledge**, and **discretion**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is prudent … what he should know and how to be discreet”
1:4	wxv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	לְ֝⁠נַ֗עַר	1	The author is speaking of young men in general, not of one particular **young man**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to young men”
1:5	lrm2				0	This verse is parenthetical and interrupts the list of purposes for proverbs in [1:2–6](../01/02.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could add parentheses, as in the ULT, or use a natural way in your language to indicate a parenthetical statement.
1:5	gagy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְ⁠י֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝⁠נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear and increase insight, yes, the understanding one will acquire guidance”
1:5	r7sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם	1	The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear these proverbs”
1:5	ykul		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	לֶ֑קַח & תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **insight** and **guidance**, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “how insightful one is … what guides”
1:5	sddg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה	1	The author implies that this person **will acquire guidance** from proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will acquire guidance from these proverbs”
1:6	kp7t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	לְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְ⁠חִידֹתָֽ⁠ם	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to understand a proverb and a satire, yes, to understand the words of the wise ones and their riddles”
1:6	rcl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	לְ⁠הָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּ⁠מְלִיצָ֑ה	1	Here, **to** indicates a fifth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of understanding a proverb and a satire”
1:6	h2dv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים	1	The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to understand the words of the wise ones”
1:6	wlac		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	דִּבְרֵ֥י	1	Here, the author uses the term **words** to describe what **the wise ones** say by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words spoken by”\n
1:7	r9nd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה	1	Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe **fear** that a person should have for **Yahweh**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The fear for Yahweh”
1:7	ga71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת	1	Here, **beginning** refers to the foundation or basis of something. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the foundation of knowledge” or “is the prerequisite for acquiring knowledge” or “is what knowledge is based upon”
1:7	l9za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	יִרְאַ֣ת & דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝⁠מוּסָ֗ר	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **fear**, **knowledge**, **wisdom**, and **instruction**, you could express the same ideas in another way. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md) and **wisdom** and **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md). Alternate translation: “Being fearful of … knowing something … wise things and instructive things”
1:7	ooap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝⁠מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ	1	This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, fools despise wisdom and instruction”
1:8	v4em		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִ⁠י מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽ⁠ךָ	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Hear, my son, the instruction of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother”
1:8	p2x9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִ⁠י מוּסַ֣ר	1	**Hear** often means “hear and obey.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternative translation: “Pay attention, my son, to the instruction of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])\n
1:8	f71k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	מוּסַ֣ר	1	See how you translated **instruction** in [1:2](../01/02.md).
1:8	dqtr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑י⁠ךָ	1	Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “the instruction of me, your father”
1:8	wzq0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	וְ⁠אַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ	1	Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, **not**, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, **forsake**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and heed”
1:8	liis		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns	תּוֹרַ֥ת	1	Here, the word **law** is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rules of”
1:9	h55y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּ֤י	1	**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Obey these instructions because” or “Obey your parents because”
1:9	esiw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְ⁠רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠עֲנָקִ֗ים לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they are a garland of grace for your head, yes, pendants for your neck”
1:9	lcw8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to the instruction and teaching of one’s parents, as stated in the previous verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “what your parents taught you is a garland of grace”
1:9	qxp8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְ⁠רֹאשֶׁ֑⁠ךָ וַ֝⁠עֲנָקִ֗ים לְ⁠גַרְגְּרֹתֶֽי⁠ךָ	1	Here the author speaks of the rules and instructions that parents teach their children as if they were a **garland** or **pendants.** These two items make a person look more attractive to other people and may cause other people to respect that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “they make you look more beautiful and respectable” or “they are like a garland of grace for your head and like pendants for your neck”
1:9	b1ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן	1	Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a **garland** that is characterized by **grace**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are a gracious garland”
1:10	ucf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּ⁠ךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים	1	Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how important it is to resist temptation from **sinners**. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “suppose sinners entice you”
1:10	y9bt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּ⁠ךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא	1	Solomon implies that the **sinners** would **entice** his **son** to sin with them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if sinners entice you to join them in sinning, do not consent to sin with them”
1:11	f89h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical	אִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮	1	Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how sinners might entice someone to join them in sinning. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose they say”
1:11	nvn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	יֹאמְרוּ֮	1	Here, the pronoun **they** refers to sinners, as mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those sinners say”
1:11	kzhn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	אִ֫תָּ֥⁠נוּ נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה	1	By **us**, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:11	easr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two phrases. Alternate translation: “Let us lie in wait … Yes, let us hide to ambush”
1:11	tbiw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לְ⁠דָ֑ם	1	Here, **blood** refers to violently murdering someone, which usually causes **blood** to come out of the person who is murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to shed blood” or “to murder someone”\n
1:11	qu4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal	לְ⁠דָ֑ם נִצְפְּנָ֖ה	1	Here, **for** and **to** introduce the purposes for these actions. The purpose for lying in wait is to shed blood. The purpose for hiding is to ambush someone. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate purposes. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of shedding blood. Let us hide for the purpose of ambushing”
1:11	yxfk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	לְ⁠נָקִ֣י	1	The sinners are speaking of an **innocent** person in general, not of one particular **innocent one**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “some innocent person”\n
1:12	ohx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נִ֭בְלָעֵ⁠ם	1	By **us**, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:12	w4w6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	נִ֭בְלָעֵ⁠ם	1	The sinners speak of murdering people as if they were swallowing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let us murder them”
1:12	b8bq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	כִּ⁠שְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים כְּ⁠י֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר	1	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the living ones, like Sheol, yes, the whole ones like those going down to a pit”
1:12	uwk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	כִּ⁠שְׁא֣וֹל	1	The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like Sheol swallows people”
1:12	cvaj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	כִּ⁠שְׁא֣וֹל	1	The Israelites sometimes referred to dying as “going down to **Sheol**.” Here, **Sheol** is spoken of as if it were an animal that could **swallow** someone. The idea of **Sheol** swallowing someone refers to how people are completely gone after they die and are buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like death is complete”
1:12	ewpx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים	1	The sinners are leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the beginning of the verse. Alternate translation: “and let us swallow the whole ones”\n
1:12	kea4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּ֝⁠תְמִימִ֗ים	1	Here, **whole** refers to being completely healthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the healthy ones”
1:12	ndi0		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	כְּ⁠י֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר	1	The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like those going down to a pit are swallowed”
1:12	ayt4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כְּ⁠י֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר	1	The Israelites referred to dying as **going down to** **Sheol** or a **pit**. Here the sinners are saying that their victims are like **those going down to a pit** because those people will die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like those who die”
1:13	ls9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	נִמְצָ֑א נְמַלֵּ֖א בָתֵּ֣י⁠נוּ	1	In this verse, the sinners use **We** and **our** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:13	jh51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	כָּל	1	The sinners say **all** here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very much”
1:14	x2p6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	גּ֭וֹרָ֣לְ⁠ךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּ⁠תוֹכֵ֑⁠נוּ	1	This is an idiom. If could refer to: (1) joining with a group of people that will share the same destiny. Alternate translation: “You must join us and share our destiny” (2) the practice of throwing small objects called lots to determine who would receive something. Alternate translation: “You must join us in sharing loot by casting lots”
1:14	l56r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	כִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְ⁠כֻלָּֽ⁠נוּ	1	Here, **purse** represents everything that these sinners steal. Some of what they steal would be put in a **purse**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal”
1:14	ci4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	בְּ⁠תוֹכֵ֑⁠נוּ & לְ⁠כֻלָּֽ⁠נוּ	1	In this verse, the sinners use **our** and **us** to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction.
1:15	vdao		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑⁠ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠נְּתִיבָתָֽ⁠ם	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not walk in the way with them, yes, restrain your foot from their path”\n
1:15	t25u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּ⁠דֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑⁠ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗ מִ⁠נְּתִיבָתָֽ⁠ם	1	Solomon uses **walk** to refer to associating with the sinners. He uses **way** and **path** to refer to the behavior of the sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have nothing to do with those sinners; keep yourself from behaving like them”
1:15	bcrz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	רַ֝גְלְ⁠ךָ֗	1	Solomon is using one part of a person, the **foot**, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yourself”
1:16	cdbr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	כִּ֣י	1	**For** here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not walk with them because”
1:16	v6fc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	רַ֭גְלֵי⁠הֶם & יָר֑וּצוּ	1	Here, “feet” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they run”
1:16	vap2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	רַ֭גְלֵי⁠הֶם לָ⁠רַ֣ע יָר֑וּצוּ	1	Solomon speaks of how eager the sinners are to do evil as if **their feet** were running to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do evil”
1:16	m7ui		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לִ⁠שְׁפָּךְ־דָּֽם	1	The phrase **pour out blood** refers to violently murdering people, which usually causes **blood** to come out of the people who are murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to murder others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])\n
1:17	ll92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	מְזֹרָ֣ה הָ⁠רָ֑שֶׁת	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “does someone spread out a net”
1:17	uzlj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	מְזֹרָ֣ה הָ⁠רָ֑שֶׁת	1	A **net** is a trap that hunters use to catch animals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of trap, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is the trap set up”
1:17	v3ze		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	בְּ֝⁠עֵינֵ֗י	1	Here, **eyes** refers to what is seen with the **eyes**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in view of” or “in the sight of”
1:17	geds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	בַּ֥עַל כָּנָֽף	1	The phrase **owner of wing** refers to a bird. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST.
1:18	oexi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְ֭⁠הֵם	1	Here, **but** indicates a strong contrast between the bird mentioned in the previous verse and the sinners who speak in [1:11–14](../01/11.md). In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. You may want to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “By contrast, they”
1:18	ulr3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וְ֭⁠הֵם & יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ	1	This phrase finishes the comparison started in the previous verse. Unlike a bird who is smart enough to avoid a net, these sinners destroy themselves by doing sinful things that cause them to be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but they are more foolish than birds. They lie in wait” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1:18	sise		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	וְ֭⁠הֵם לְ⁠דָמָ֣⁠ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְ⁠נַפְשֹׁתָֽ⁠ם׃	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two clauses. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait for their blood, yes, they hide in ambush for their lives”\n
1:18	mlek		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	וְ֭⁠הֵם & יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ	1	In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the sinners described in [1:10–16](../01/10.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but those sinners … those sinners hide in ambush”\n
1:18	b16m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	וְ֭⁠הֵם לְ⁠דָמָ֣⁠ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְ⁠נַפְשֹׁתָֽ⁠ם	1	In this verse, **for** introduces the result of these actions. They **lie in wait** and **hide in ambush** and the result is that it costs them **their blood**and **their lives**. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait, which costs them their blood; they hide in ambush, which costs them their lives”\n
1:18	vs5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לְ⁠דָמָ֣⁠ם	1	See how you translated **blood** in [1:11](../01/11.md).
1:18	rih3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	לְ⁠נַפְשֹׁתָֽ⁠ם	1	Here, “their own lives” refers to the sinners themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for themselves”
1:19	fz7s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אָ֭רְחוֹת	1	Here, Solomon uses **paths** to refer to the destiny of those sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are the destinies of”\n
1:19	cse7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	כָּל	1	Here, Solomon uses the adjective **all** as a noun to mean “every person.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “every person”
1:19	zdvu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בָּ֑צַע	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **gain**, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what they gain unjustly”
1:19	jk1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	בְּעָלָ֣י⁠ו יִקָּֽח	1	Here, the pronouns **it** and **its** refer to the **unjust gain**, which is mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that unjust gain takes … unjust gain’s owner”\n
1:19	su23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלָ֣י⁠ו יִקָּֽח	1	Solomon speaks of **unjust gain** as if it were a person who could kill his **owner**. He means that the wicked things that sinful people do to **unjustly gain unjust gain** will result in them dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “unjust gain results in its owner dying” or “seeking unjust gain kills those who do it” or “it is as if unjust gain takes the life of its owner”
1:19	r7lc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ & יִקָּֽח	1	Here, the phrase **takes the life of** means to kill someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it kills”
1:20	xza5				0	In [1:20–33](../01/20.md), wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter.
1:20	kh97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	חָ֭כְמוֹת בַּ⁠ח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ	1	These two clauses and the two clauses of the next verse mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Wisdom cries out outside, yes, she gives her voice in the open places”\n
1:20	pj5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	חָ֭כְמוֹת & תָּרֹ֑נָּה & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ	1	Here, Solomon speaks of **Wisdom** as if it were a woman who **cries out** or **gives her voice**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is available … it is available” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries out … like a woman who gives her voice” or “It is as if wisdom cries out … it is as if wisdom gives its voice”
1:20	pj5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בַּ⁠ח֣וּץ	1	Here, **outside** refers to the public space **outside** of one’s house where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the streets”
1:20	u7zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽ⁠הּ	1	This is an idiom that means **she** spoke very loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1:20	njj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בָּ֝⁠רְחֹב֗וֹת	1	Here, **open areas** refers to large, outdoor public places where there would usually be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the marketplaces” or “in the plazas”
1:21	b47p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	בְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיּ֗וֹת תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּ⁠פִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּ⁠עִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ תֹאמֵֽר	1	These two clauses and the two clauses of the previous verse mean basically the same thing. These two clauses emphasize the meaning of the first clause of the previous verse by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that these clauses are repeating the first one in the previous verse, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yes, at the head of the tumultuous places she calls out; yes, at the opening of the gates in the city she says her sayings”
1:21	ggk1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	בְּ⁠רֹ֥אשׁ	1	Here, **head** refers to the place where busy streets intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the intersection of streets in”
1:21	jy0y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	תִּ֫קְרָ֥א & אֲמָרֶ֥י⁠הָ תֹאמֵֽר	1	Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who **calls out** or **says her sayings**. He means that **Wisdom** is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom is available … it is available” or “it is as if wisdom calls out … it is as if wisdom says its sayings”
1:21	b1k3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	בְּ⁠פִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּ⁠עִ֗יר	1	Solomon’s readers would have understood that the **the opening of the gates in the city** was a crowded place where many people gathered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the opening of the gates in the city, where many people gather,”
1:22	atm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	עַד־מָתַ֣י	1	[1:22–33](../01/22.md) are one long quotation that Solomon presents as if wisdom itself were speaking. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “She says, ‘Until when” or “It is as if wisdom says, ‘Until when”
1:22	jk3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְ⁠לֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָ⁠הֶ֑ם וּ֝⁠כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת	1	Wisdom is using the question form to emphasize that these types of people should stop acting the way they do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For too long the naive ones have loved naiveté and mockers have delighted in mockery for themselves and stupid ones have hated knowledge!”
1:22	v3nj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	פֶ֥תִי & לָ֭צוֹן & דָֽעַת	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **naiveté**, **mockery**, and **knowledge**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate translation: “thinking naively … mocking …knowing something”
1:23	la68		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ	1	**Turn** here implies turning one’s head in order to listen better to what someone is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn your heads and listen”
1:23	uv1b			הִנֵּ֤ה	1	**Behold** is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”\n
1:23	jw6o		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אַבִּ֣יעָה לָ⁠כֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑⁠י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣⁠י אֶתְ⁠כֶֽם	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I shall allow my spirit to gush forth to you, yes, I shall cause you to know my words”\n
1:23	c7ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	רוּחִ֑⁠י	1	Here, **spirit** refers to a person’s thoughts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my thoughts”
1:23	t4c9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	אַבִּ֣יעָה לָ⁠כֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑⁠י	1	Wisdom telling the people what she thinks is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would **gush forth**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I shall tell you what I think”
1:23	mwpx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	דְבָרַ֣⁠י	1	Here, wisdom uses the term **words** to describe what she says by using **words**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that I speak”\n
1:24	rpx7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	יַ֣עַן	1	**Because** here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is the reason for the result that is stated in [1:26–27](../01/26.md). Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. If you divide [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences, then you will need to remove **Because** here and add a word to express result at the beginning of [1:26](../01/26.md), as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Since”
1:24	p5wg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	קָ֭רָאתִי וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י וְ⁠אֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I have called and you have refused, yes, I have stretched out my hand and there was no one listening attentively”\n
1:24	e734		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	וַ⁠תְּמָאֵ֑נוּ	1	Wisdom implies that people **refused** to listen to what she said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you have refused to listen to me”
1:24	i835		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗⁠י	1	This phrase **stretched out my hand** is an idiom that refers to beckoning someone or inviting a person to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I stretched out my hand to beckon you” or “I beckoned you”
1:25	h2ki		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	וַ⁠תִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and you have ignored all my counsel, yes, you did not accept my rebuke”\n
1:25	l0le		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	עֲצָתִ֑⁠י וְ֝⁠תוֹכַחְתִּ֗⁠י	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **counsel** and **rebuke**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “that I have counseled, and … what I said to rebuke you”
1:26	r8lx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	גַּם־אֲ֭נִי	1	[1:26–27](../01/26.md) state the result of what was stated in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). If you divided [1:24–27](../01/24.md) into two sentences and removed **Because** from [1:24](../01/24.md), then you will need to add a word here to express the result of the reasons given in [1:24–25](../01/24.md). Alternate translation: “As a result, I too” or “So, I too”
1:26	sl5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	גַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּ⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I too shall laugh in your calamity, yes, I shall mock when your dread comes”
1:26	rfi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	גַּם־אֲ֭נִי	1	The phrase translated as **I too** shifts the focus from the foolish people mentioned in [1:24–25](../01/24.md) to the person speaking, who represents wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I in turn” or “I, for my part”
1:26	p97h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	בְּ⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶ֣ם & בְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **calamity** and **dread**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “when you suffer … when you are scared”
1:26	jucu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	בְּ⁠בֹ֣א פַחְדְּ⁠כֶֽם	1	Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing **dread** as if it were a person who **comes** to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience dread”
1:27	efxq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	בְּ⁠בֹ֤א & פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֗ם	1	See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse.
1:27	qn3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	פַּחְדְּ⁠כֶ֗ם וְֽ֭⁠אֵידְ⁠כֶם	1	See how you translated **dread** and **calamity** in the previous verse.
1:27	kd9m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	כ⁠שאוה & כְּ⁠סוּפָ֣ה	1	Here, wisdom compares the manner in which **dread** and **calamity** will happen to the destructive power of a **storm** or **whirlwind**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “violently … violently”
1:27	uy59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	בְּ⁠בֹ֥א עֲ֝לֵי⁠כֶ֗ם צָרָ֥ה וְ⁠צוּקָֽה	1	Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing **distress and anguish** as if they were a person who could **come upon** someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience distress and anguish”
1:27	xrk8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	צָרָ֥ה וְ⁠צוּקָֽה	1	If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of **distress** and **anguish**, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is distressing and what makes you anguished”
1:28	m9t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	אָ֣ז יִ֭קְרָאֻ⁠נְנִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗⁠נְנִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽ⁠נְנִי	1	These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that the second sentence is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Then they will call out to me, but I will not answer. Yes, they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me”
1:28	g5w7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	יִ֭קְרָאֻ⁠נְנִי & יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗⁠נְנִי וְ⁠לֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽ⁠נְנִי	1	In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in [1:22–27](../01/22.md). If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me will call out to me … those people will diligently seek me, but they will not find me”\n
1:28	zous		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	יִ֭קְרָאֻ⁠נְנִי	1	Here, **call out** implies crying out for help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they will call out to me for help”
1:29	ty8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result	תַּ֭חַת כִּי	1	This phrase indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse are the reasons why the foolish people will not find wisdom, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to express reasons. Alternate translation: “because”
1:29	xk1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	דָ֑עַת	1	See how you translated **knowledge** in [1:4](../01/04.md).
1:29	iu3z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	וְ⁠יִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה	1	See how you translated **the fear of Yahweh** in [1:7](../01/07.md).
1:30	q2mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	לֹא־אָב֥וּ לַ⁠עֲצָתִ֑⁠י נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽ⁠י	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they did not want my counsel, yes, they despised my every rebuke”
1:30	jhg8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns	לֹא־אָב֥וּ & נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ	1	In this verse, the pronoun **they** refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in [1:22–27](../01/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me did not want … and those people despised”
1:30	h1ds		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	לַ⁠עֲצָתִ֑⁠י & כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽ⁠י	1	See how you translated the abstract nouns **counsel** and **rebuke** in [1:25](../01/25.md).
1:31	nr9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	וְֽ֭⁠יֹאכְלוּ מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑⁠ם וּֽ⁠מִ⁠מֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And they will eat from the fruit of their way, yes, from their plans they will be satisfied”
1:31	wkf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	וְֽ֭⁠יֹאכְלוּ מִ⁠פְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑⁠ם	1	Here, people suffering the consequences of their behavior is spoken of as if they were eating **the fruit of their way**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar idiom from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will experience the consequences of their behavior”
1:31	c1jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	וּֽ⁠מִ⁠מֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ	1	If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their plans will satisfy them”
1:31	bk2c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	וּֽ⁠מִ⁠מֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵי⁠הֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ	1	Here, the word translated as **satisfied** means “to be made full of.” This word can have either a positive or negative meaning, but here the meaning is negative. It means that these foolish people will suffer the full consequences of **their** foolish **plans**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will experience the consequences of their plans”
1:32	t8af		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	כִּ֤י	1	**For** here indicates that what follows in [1:32–33](../01/32.md) is the conclusion to what wisdom stated in [1:22–31](../01/22.md). If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In conclusion,”\n
1:32	bxu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑⁠ם וְ⁠שַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽ⁠ם	1	These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than **and** in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the turning away of the naive ones will slay them, yes, false security will lead stupid ones to ruin”
1:32	bwme		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑⁠ם	1	Here, **turning away** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **slay** someone. This expression means that **the naive ones** will die because of their **turning away**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the naive ones will die because of their turning away” or “the turning away of the naive ones is like someone who will slay them”\n
1:32	s7ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם	1	Here, refusing to listen to wisdom is spoken of as **turning away** from the one who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the refusing to listen of the naive ones”
1:32	le64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	וְ⁠שַׁלְוַ֖ת	1	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of **false security**, you could express the same idea with a different expression. Alternate translation: “wrongly feeling secure”
1:32	cmi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	וְ⁠שַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽ⁠ם	1	Here, **false security** is spoken of as if it were a person who could **lead** someone. This expression means that **stupid ones** will die because of their **false security**. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and stupid ones will be ruined because of their false security” or “false security of stupid ones is like someone who will ruin them”
1:33	pspz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast	וְ⁠שֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ	1	**But** here indicates a strong contrast between **the one who listens** and “the naive ones,” who were mentioned in the previous verse. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, the one who listens”
1:33	kho1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	מִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה	1	Here, the possessive form describes **dread** that a person has for **evil**. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from dreading evil”\n
1:33	zjk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	מִ⁠פַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה	1	See how you translated the abstract nouns **dread** in [1:26](../01/26.md) and **evil** in [1:16](../01/16.md).
2:intro	wr6i				0	# Proverbs 2 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 2 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.
2:1	gj7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		1	# General Information:\n\nA father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:1	wtm1			if you receive my words	1	Alternate translation: “if you listen to what I am teaching you”
2:1	jh3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	treasure up my commandments with you	1	Valuing what is commanded is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store the treasure. Alternate translation: “consider my commands to be as valuable as a treasure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:2	an5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	make your ears pay attention	1	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:2	w1il		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	to wisdom	0	This abstract noun can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “to the wise things I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2:2	gme3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	incline your heart to understanding	0	Here “heart” represents a person’s mind. The phrase “incline your heart” is an idiom that means to commit or fully dedicate one’s mind to a task. Alternate translation: “try hard to understand what is wise” or “fully dedicate yourself to understanding wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:3	j5n7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it	0	Both of these phrases have the same meaning. It is implied that the person is strongly asking Yahweh for understanding. Alternate translation: “If you urgently ask God and plead for understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2:3	q192		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	raise your voice	0	This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2:4	ci1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures	0	Both phrases have the same meaning. These similes emphasize the great effort a person should make to understand what is wise. Alternate translation: “if you seek understanding with as much effort as you search for a valuable object” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2:4	ll3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you seek it … search for understanding	0	Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:5	h49h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will find the knowledge of God	0	To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:6	g5bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding	0	Here “mouth” represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” or “Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:7	jn6b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him	0	Yahweh teaching wisdom to people is spoken of as if wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores and gives to people. Alternate translation: “He teaches what is truly wise to those who please him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7	dv7k			sound	0	Alternate translation: “dependable”
2:7	m2mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he is a shield for those	0	Yahweh being able to protect his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. Alternate translation: “God protects those” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:7	u4zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who walk in integrity	0	A person behaving with integrity is spoken of as if they were walking in integrity. Alternate translation: “who behave with integrity” or “who live their lives as they should” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8	qt7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he guards the paths of justice	0	This could mean: (1) justice itself is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God makes sure that people act justly” or (2) a person’s life is spoken of as if it were a path. Alternate translation: “God protects those who act justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:8	t2qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	preserve the way of his faithful ones	0	A person’s life is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “protect those who are faithful to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:9	qn9x			equity	0	fairness
2:9	ex8y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	every good path	0	A behavior that is wise and pleases Yahweh is spoken of as if it were a good path. Alternate translation: “ways to live that are pleasing to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10	kf4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	wisdom will come into your heart	0	Here “heart” represents a person’s inner being. A person becoming wise is spoken of as if wisdom would enter into a person’s heart. Alternate translation: “you will gain much wisdom” or “you will learn how to be truly wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:10	z4e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	pleasant to your soul	0	Here “soul” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “pleasing to you” or “enjoyable to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2:11	jbm7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you	0	This speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were persons who could watch over someone else. Both statements mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Because you think carefully and understand what is right and wrong you will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:11	q2th			Discretion	0	the quality of being careful in actions and speech
2:11	dnu8			watch over	0	to guard, protect or take care of someone or something
2:12	ix2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	They will rescue you from the way of evil	0	“They” refers to discretion and understanding, which are spoken of as if they were persons who could rescue someone else. Alternate translation: “You will know to stay away from what is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2:12	vs4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from the way of evil	0	Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:13	a5k8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness	0	A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:13	tc6p			who abandon	0	The word “who” refers to the people who speak perverse things.
2:13	q9by			abandon	0	to leave and never return to someone or something
2:14	e571			They rejoice	0	“They” refers to the same people as in [Proverbs 2:12](../02/12.md).
2:14	t4yz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	delight in the perversities of evil	0	This means basically the same thing as the first part of the sentence. Alternate translation: “delight in doing what they know is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2:15	jpq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	They follow crooked paths	0	People who lie to others are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “They deceive other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:15	lsl5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	using deception they hide their tracks	0	People lying so that others will not find out what they did is spoken of as if they covered the tracks on a path so that no one could follow them. Alternate translation: “they lie so that no one will know what they have done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:16	p5k9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Wisdom and discretion will save you	0	The writer speaks of wisdom and discretion as if they were people who save the one who possesses them. Alternate translation: “If you have wisdom and discretion, you will save yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2:17	c2iu			the companion of her youth	0	This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.
2:17	awb4			the covenant of her God	0	This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.
2:18	dn9d			her house sinks down to death	0	This could mean: (1) “going to her house leads to death” or (2) “the road to her house is the road to death.”
2:18	kl7y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	her tracks will lead you	0	This could mean: (1) “the paths to her house will lead you.” This refers to the tracks or path that lead to her house, or (2) this is a metaphor that speaks of her way of life as if it were a path on which she walks. Alternate translation: “her way of life will lead you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:18	hwl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to those in the grave	0	This refers to the spirits of dead people and is a metonym for the place of the dead. Alternate translation: “to the grave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2:19	n7tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	go in to her	0	This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2:19	zg4r			they will not find the paths of life	0	This could mean: (1) “they will not return to the land of the living” or (2) “they will never live a happy life again.”
2:20	ts71			So	0	The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.
2:20	fiw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will walk in the way … follow the paths	0	A person’s conduct is spoken of as if it were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “you will live in the way … follow the example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2:22	r5sm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the wicked will be cut off from the land	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will remove the wicked from the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2:22	w94m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked … the faithless	0	These are nominal adjectives that can be stated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked … those who are faithless” or “wicked people … faithless people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
2:22	cmv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the faithless will be cut off from it	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting the people off, like a person might cut a branch from a tree. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will remove the faithless from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:intro	a94e				0	# Proverbs 3 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 3 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
3:1	p6r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3:1	f5cv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	do not forget my commands	0	The word “commands” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “do not forget what I command you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:1	tk78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	keep my teachings in your heart	0	This phrase says in positive terms what the previous phrase says in negative terms. Here the word “heart” represents the mind. The word “teachings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “always remember what I teach you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:2	r3ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	for the length of your days and years of your life	0	These two phrases share similar meanings and refer to the duration of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “all your life” or “as long as you live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3:3	w5in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you	0	The writer speaks of “covenant faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” as if they were people who could leave someone. The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” And, the negative command can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “Always be trustworthy and be faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:3	xj6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	tie them together about your neck	0	The writer speaks of faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “display them proudly like one would wear a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:3	i4pt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	write them on the tablet of your heart	0	Here the heart represents a person’s mind. The mind is spoken of as if it were a tablet upon which someone can write messages and commands. Alternate translation: “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:4	g3fy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the sight of God and man	0	Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of God and man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:5	w345		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all your heart	0	Here the word “heart” represents the inner person. Alternate translation: “your whole being” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:5	m1v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not lean on your own understanding	0	The writer speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if “understanding” were an object on which a person can lean. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:6	c7br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in all your ways	0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were paths on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “in everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:6	m1v6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will make your paths straight	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh making a person’s actions prosperous as if that person’s actions were paths on which he walks and which Yahweh makes free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “he will give you success” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7	y6is		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not be wise in your own eyes	0	The writer speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. Alternate translation: “Do not be wise in your own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:7	au5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	turn away from evil	0	The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “do not commit evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:8	du95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It will be healing to your flesh	0	The word “it” refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word “flesh” represents the whole body. Alternate translation: “If you do this, it will be healing for your body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:9	thp2			all your produce	0	Alternate translation: “all the food you harvest”
3:10	z9am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your storehouses will be filled up	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “your storehouses will be full” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:10	y7db			storehouses	0	buildings or rooms where food is stored
3:10	vtx6			your vats will be bursting	0	your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.
3:11	f4sx				0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer writes as a father teaching his son.
3:12	gpk5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a son who pleases him	0	“a son in whom he delights.” This refers to the father’s affection for the son, and not to the father’s approval of the son’s behavior. Alternate translation: “a son whom he loves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:13	d1nq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The one who finds wisdom	0	The writer speaks of “wisdom” as if it were an object that one finds. Alternate translation: “The one who attains wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:14	gy74			what silver will give in return	0	This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.
3:15	y2yl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	# General Information:\n\nThe author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3:15	vxz8			more precious	0	Alternate translation: “more valuable”
3:16	p6g3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	She has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor	0	The writer speak of the benefits that one gains from having wisdom as if wisdom were a woman who held these qualities in her hands and offered them to people. Alternate translation: “Wisdom gives a person length of days and riches and honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:16	k6ir		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	length of her days	0	This idiom refers to the duration of person’s life and may imply a long life. Alternate translation: “long life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3:17	mfb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace	0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of the benefits that wisdom gives a person as if wisdom were leading that person along a path. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will always treat you kindly and give you peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:18	le9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it	0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that bears life-giving fruit and of a person who benefits from wisdom as if that person ate of the fruit. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is like a tree that sustains the life of those who eat of its fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:18	l7hn			a tree of life	0	Alternate translation: “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life”
3:18	ka8x			those who hold on to it	0	Alternate translation: “those who hold on to its fruit”
3:19	c1nf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh founded the earth … established the heavens	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh creating the earth and the heavens as if he were laying the foundation of a building. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth … made the heavens” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:20	ulw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the depths broke open	0	In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate translation: “he caused the rivers to flow” or “he caused the oceans to exist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:20	b6d2			dew	0	water that forms on the ground at night
3:21	xa9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not lose sight of them	0	The writer speaks of not forgetting something as if it were always being able to see it. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:22	mr5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	They will be life to your soul	0	Here the word “soul” represents the person. Alternate translation: “They will be life for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:22	x4q3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	an adornment of favor to wear around your neck	0	The writer speaks of “sound judgment” and “discernment” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. Alternate translation: “a display of favor like one would adorn themselves with a necklace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:22	r2k8			adornment of favor	0	This could mean: (1) “a favorable adornment” or (2) “an adornment that displays Yahweh’s favor.”
3:23	k64j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will walk on your way in safety	0	The writer speaks of living one’s life as if the person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:23	d5hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your foot will not stumble	0	The word “foot” represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate translation: “you will not do things that are wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:24	f69h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	when you lie down	0	It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “when you lie down to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:24	q2v4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	your sleep will be sweet	0	The writer speaks of sleep that is peaceful and refreshing as if it tasted sweet to the person sleeping. The word “sleep” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “your sleep will be pleasant” or “you will sleep peacefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3:25	ds94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when the wicked cause devastation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3:26	aw88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh will be on your side	0	“Yahweh will be by your side.” A person standing by another person’s side is an idiom that means that the one person will help and support the other. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will support and defend you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3:26	z3ye		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will keep your foot from being caught in a trap	0	The writer speaks of a person experiencing harm from “terror” and “devastation” as if the person were caught in a trap. The word “foot” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “will protect you from those who want to harm you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3:27	yl8a			Do not withhold good	0	Alternate translation: “Do not withhold good things” or “Do not withhold good actions”
3:27	sqz5			when it is in your power to act	0	Alternate translation: “when you are able to help”
3:28	e1qg			when you have the money with you	0	“when you have the money with you now.” The meaning here is that the person has the money to help today, but tells his neighbor to come back tomorrow.
3:31	pae7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Do not … choose any of his ways	0	It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate translation: “Do not … choose to imitate any of his ways” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:32	eu7k			the devious person is detestable to Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the devious person”
3:32	n8ed			the devious person	0	the person who is dishonest or deceitful
3:32	uy1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he brings the upright person into his confidence	0	Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is a close friend to the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3:33	h6ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s curse as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. The word “house” is a metonym for family. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has cursed the family of the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:33	q866		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he blesses the home of righteous people	0	The word “home” represents the family. Alternate translation: “he blesses the families of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3:34	kb65		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he gives his favor to humble people	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh’s favor as if it were an object that he gives to people. Alternate translation: “he shows his favor to humble people” or “he is gracious to humble people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:35	y7vz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Wise people inherit honor	0	The writer speaks of wise people obtaining a reputation of honor as if they inherited honor as a permanent possession. Alternate translation: “Wise people will obtain honor” or “Wise people will gain an honorable reputation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3:35	b6jx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fools will be lifted up in their shame	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh making the shame of fools evident to everyone as if Yahweh were lifting fools up for everyone to see them. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will cause everyone to see the shame of fools” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4:intro	z4ah				0	# Proverbs 4 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 4 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Wisdom is feminine\n\nYou may notice that wisdom is referenced using a feminine pronoun. This is a feature that is carried in from the Hebrew language. This may apply well in your language but if it does not, follow the conventions of your language. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
4:1	hqv1				0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
4:1	zck6			pay attention	0	Alternate translation: “listen carefully”
4:1	s4lm			you will know what understanding is	0	Alternate translation: “you will know how to understand” or “you will gain understanding”
4:2	paf3			I am giving you good instructions	0	Alternate translation: “What I am teaching you is good”
4:3	y999		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	When I was a son of my father	0	This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father’s care. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
4:3	n5ke		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	the tender and only child	0	Here the word “tender” refers to a young age at which the child is still weak. It forms a hendiadys with the word “only.” Alternate translation: “the tender only child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
4:4	b7y3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Let your heart hold fast to my words	0	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind. The writer speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. Alternate translation: “Always remember what I am teaching you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:5	ft42			Acquire wisdom	0	Alternate translation: “Work hard to gain for yourself wisdom” or “Get wisdom”
4:5	fb3y			do not forget	0	Alternate translation: “remember”
4:5	m3uv			do not reject	0	Alternate translation: “accept”
4:5	su5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the words of my mouth	0	Here the word “mouth” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
4:6	zc73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe	0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:6	vrf5			do not abandon wisdom	0	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “hold tightly to wisdom” or “be faithful to wisdom”
4:6	h75g			love her	0	Alternate translation: “love wisdom”
4:7	zu2p				0	# General Information:\n\nThe father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.
4:7	guq5			spend all you own so you can get understanding	0	Alternate translation: “value understanding more than all you own”
4:8	pa2i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you	0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of wisdom giving great honor to a person as if wisdom lifted that person to a high position. Alternate translation: “If you cherish wisdom, she will give you great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:8	x13z			Cherish	0	to feel or show great love for someone or something
4:8	k4fl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	she will honor you when you embrace her	0	The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman and of a person valuing wisdom as if the person placed his arms around her. Alternate translation: “if you love wisdom greatly, wisdom will cause people to honor you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:9	z38e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	She will put a wreath of honor on your head	0	The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a wreath upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a wreath on your head that shows your great honor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:9	beu8			wreath	0	a woven circle made of leaves or flowers
4:9	z184		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she will give you a beautiful crown	0	The writer speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. Alternate translation: “wisdom will be like a beautiful crown on your head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:10	p1f4			pay attention to my words	0	Alternate translation: “listen carefully to what I teach you”
4:10	l7bx			you will have many years in your life	0	Alternate translation: “you will live many years”
4:11	h1ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths	0	The writer speaks of teaching his son to live wisely as if he were leading his son along the paths where one may find wisdom. Alternate translation: “I am teaching you how to live wisely; I am explaining the right way to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:12	xxp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble	0	These two lines share similar meanings. The writer speaks of the decisions and actions that a person makes as if that person were walking or running along a path and of the person being successful as if the path were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. Alternate translation: “When you plan something, you will succeed in doing it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4:13	d7gk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Hold on to instruction, do not let it go	0	The writer speaks of a person remembering what he has learned as if “instruction” were an object that the person can hold tightly. Alternate translation: “Continue to obey what I have taught you and never forget it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:13	ljf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for it is your life	0	The writer speaks of discipline preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “for it will preserve your life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:14	gi8l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil	0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if that person were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Do not do what wicked people do and do not join in the actions of people who do evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:15	cr8d			Avoid it	0	Alternate translation: “Avoid the path of the wicked”
4:16	n1jz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they cannot sleep until they do evil	0	They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
4:16	a2jq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	they are robbed of sleep	0	The writer speaks of people being unable to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone stole from them. They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. Alternate translation: “they are unable to sleep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:16	bvp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	until they cause someone to stumble	0	The writer speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. Alternate translation: “until they harm someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:17	vfi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence	0	This could mean: (1) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of these people constantly committing wickedness and violence as if they ate and drank them like one would drink bread and wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these people get their food and drink by committing wickedness and violence. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and drink wine that they obtain through violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:18	w7hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the path of righteous people	0	The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of righteous people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “the lifestyle of righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:18	etf9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter	0	The writer compares the path of righteous people to the sunrise, meaning that they are safe because they have light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “righteous people walk along their path safely because the morning sun shines on it and grows brighter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4:18	i5k7			the first light	0	This refers to the dawn or sunrise.
4:18	jv88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	until the fullness of the day comes	0	This refers to the time of day at which the sun shines the brightest. Alternate translation: “until the sun shines most brightly” or “until full daylight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
4:19	bqj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The way of the wicked	0	The writer speaks of the actions and lifestyles of wicked people as if they were a “path” or “way” upon which they walk. Alternate translation: “The lifestyle of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:19	mj9l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The way of the wicked is like darkness	0	The writer compares the way of wicked people to darkness, meaning that they are always in danger because they have no light to see where they are walking. Alternate translation: “Wicked people walk dangerously along their path because they have no light to be able to see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
4:19	m9yh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they do not know what it is they stumble over	0	The writer speaks of experiencing harm as if it were stumbling over an object in the path along which the person walks. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm and misfortune” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:20	w8jd			pay attention	0	Alternate translation: “listen carefully”
4:20	kji2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	incline your ear to my sayings	0	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word “sayings” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to the things that I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
4:21	zdv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Do not let them turn away from your eyes	0	The writer speaks of always thinking about something as if it were keeping it where one can see it. Alternate translation: “Do not stop thinking about them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:21	a189		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	keep them in your heart	0	The writer speaks of remembering something as if it were keeping it within one’s heart. Alternate translation: “always remember them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:22	jnu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my words are life	0	The writer speaks of his words preserving a person’s life as if they were that person’s life. Alternate translation: “my words give life” or “the things I say give life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:22	lby5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to those who find them	0	The writer speaks of fully understanding his words as if the person searches for them and finds them. Alternate translation: “to those who understand and practice them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:22	d57y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	health to their whole body	0	The word “their” refers to “those who find them.” The subject for this phrase can be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “my words will give health to the whole body of those who find them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4:23	pf19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Keep your heart safe and guard it	0	Here the word “heart” represents a person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “Keep your mind safe and guard your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4:23	klv3			with all diligence	0	with constant and earnest effort
4:23	n8vd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from it flow the springs of life	0	The word “it” refers to the heart, which is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a flowing spring that originates from the heart. Alternate translation: “from your thoughts comes everything you say and do” or “your thoughts determine your course of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:24	a2sw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you	0	The writer speaks of lying or deceitful speech as if it were crooked and of a person not using this kind of language as if it were removing it far away from oneself. Alternate translation: “Do not lie and do not speak deceitfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:25	il8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you	0	Here the word “eyes” represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate translation: “Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:26	nt2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Make a level path for your foot	0	Here the word “foot” represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate translation: “Make a level path to walk on” or “Prepare well what you want to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:26	g2a2			a level path	0	Alternate translation: “a smooth path” or “an even path”
4:26	xyn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	then all your ways will be secure	0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking along a path and of those actions being successful as if the path were safe and secure. Alternate translation: “then everything that you do will be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4:27	h89u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Do not turn aside to the right or to the left	0	The directions “right” and “left” form a merism, meaning that the person is not to leave the level path in any direction. Alternate translation: “Walk straight ahead and do not leave the level path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
4:27	j3tn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	turn your foot away from evil	0	Here the word “foot” represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate translation: “turn away from evil” or “stay away from evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:intro	jxf1				0	# Proverbs 5 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 5 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter is unusual because it holds a theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])
5:1	vi27				0	# General Information:\n\nThe writer speaks as a father teaching his children.
5:1	nl9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	incline your ears	0	Here the word “ears” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:2	cei4			discretion	0	Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one’s actions and speech. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
5:2	la7f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your lips may protect knowledge	0	Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person’s lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate translation: “you will speak only what is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:3	zxr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the lips of an adulteress drip with honey	0	This could mean: (1) the word “lips” represents the words of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the attractiveness of her words as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the words of an adulteress are sweet, as if dripping with honey” or (2) the writer speaks of the allure of kissing the adulteress as if her lips dripped with honey. Alternate translation: “the kisses of an adulteress are sweet, as if her lips dripped with honey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:3	z9rm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	her mouth is smoother than oil	0	This could mean: (1) the word “mouth” represents the speech of the adulteress and the writer speaks of the persuasiveness of her speech as if her mouth were smoother than olive oil. Alternate translation: “her speech is persuasive and smoother than olive oil” or (2) the writer speaks of the pleasure of kissing the adulteress as if her mouth were smoother than oil. Alternate translation: “her kisses are smoother than olive oil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:4	pd3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood	0	The writer speaks of the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulteress as if she tasted as bitter as wormwood. Alternate translation: “but in the end, she is like bitter-tasting wormwood and will cause you harm” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:4	m3sn			wormwood	0	a plant that tastes bitter
5:4	jy84		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	cutting like a sharp sword	0	The writer speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if she were a sharp weapon that cuts the person. Alternate translation: “she wounds a person, as if she were a sharp sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:5	kc88		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Her feet go down to death	0	Here “her feet” represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “She is walking along a path that leads to death” or “Her lifestyle leads to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:5	g7qf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	her steps go all the way to Sheol	0	The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “she walks all the way to Sheol” or “her conduct takes her all the way to Sheol” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:6	nxc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	She gives no thought to the path of life	0	The writer speaks of behavior that gives a person long life as if it were a path that leads to life. Alternate translation: “She does not think about walking along the path that leads to life” or “She is not concerned about conduct that leads to life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:6	iki3			Her footsteps wander	0	This could mean: (1) “She wanders about as if she were lost” or (2) “She walks along the wrong path.”
5:7	dwp8			Now	0	Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.
5:7	ry9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	listen to me … do not turn away from listening	0	These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:7	e4q8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not turn away from listening	0	The writer speaks of stopping an action as if the person physically turned away from it. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:7	ih1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the words of my mouth	0	Here the word “mouth” represents the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “my words” or “what I am saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:8	y32e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Keep your path far away from her	0	Here the word “path” represents the person’s daily conduct and circumstances. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” or “Stay away from her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:8	jw5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	do not come near the door of her house	0	Here “the door of her house” represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word “go” instead of “come” since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate translation: “do not go near the door of her house” or “do not even go near her house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
5:9	pl7u			In that way	0	“If you do this.” This phrase refers to what he has just said in previous verses.
5:9	b54w			you will not give away your honor to others	0	Possible meanings for the word **honor** are: (1) it refers to one’s reputation. Alternate translation: “You will not lose your good reputation among other people” or (2) it refers to one’s wealth and possessions. Alternate translation: “You will not give away your wealth to other people” or (3) it refers to strength and represents the prime years of one’s life. Alternate translation: “You will not give away the best times of your life to other people”
5:9	bc5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	or years of your life to a cruel person	0	The writer speaks of a person dying prematurely, possibly by murder, as if the years of his life were items that he gives away to another person. The verb may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “or give years of your life to a cruel person” or “or cause a cruel person to kill you while you are still young” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:9	yb9a			a cruel person	0	This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.
5:10	d9br		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	strangers will not feast on your wealth	0	The writer speaks of people taking and enjoying another person’s wealth as if they were feasting on the wealth. Alternate translation: “strangers will not take all of your wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:10	ksf3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers	0	Here the word “house” represents the person’s family. Alternate translation: “the things that you have obtained will not end up belonging to the families of strangers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5:11	la5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	your flesh and your body waste away	0	The words “flesh” and “body” mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Alternate translation: “your body wastes away” or “you waste away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
5:11	i4yh			waste away	0	Alternate translation: “physically wear down” or “become weak and unhealthy”
5:12	x4di		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	I hated instruction … my heart despised correction	0	These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:12	m4gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	How I hated instruction	0	The word “How” is an exclamation that emphasizes the strength of his hatred. The word “instruction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I hated it so much when someone would instruct me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5:12	b7lf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my heart despised correction	0	Here the word “heart” represents the person and his emotions. The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “I despised people when they corrected me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5:13	kvf5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	incline my ear to my instructors	0	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “listen to those who instructed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:14	he4c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person’s community that has gathered together either: (1) to worship God or (2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:15	f76j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	water from your own cistern … running water from your own well	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:15	t8av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	running water	0	The writer speaks of fresh or flowing water as if the water were running. Alternate translation: “fresh water” or “flowing water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:16	pe1s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares?	0	The writer asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that his son should not do these things. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not … your streams of water should not flow in the public squares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5:16	u3ua		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Should your springs … your streams of water flow in the public squares?	0	Here the words “springs” and “streams of water” are likely euphemisms for male reproductive fluids. Possible meanings for these metaphorical phrases are: (1) sleeping with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets or (2) having children with women other than one’s wife is spoken of as if it were allowing one’s water to flow in the public streets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:16	ss2w			public squares	0	Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.
5:17	f7ge			Let them be	0	The word “them” refers to the “springs” and “streams of water” and what they stand for.
5:17	s9wf			not for strangers with you	0	Alternate translation: “do not share them with strangers”
5:18	xd81		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	May your fountain be blessed	0	The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were a fountain. Here the word “blessed” refers to the sense of joy that the man has in his wife. Alternate translation: “May you always find joy with your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:18	tz7f			the wife of your youth	0	This could mean: (1) “the wife whom you married when you were young” or (2) “your young wife.”
5:19	n93j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she is a loving deer and a graceful doe	0	The writer speaks of the son’s wife as if she were “a loving deer and a graceful doe.” Here “deer” and “doe” mean a female deer. They were symbols of beauty both in their appearance and in their movements. Alternate translation: “she is as beautiful and graceful as a deer or a doe” or “she is as beautiful and graceful as a female deer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:19	dv45			graceful	0	This word does not mean “full of grace,” but “beautiful while moving.”
5:19	x1vq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Let her breasts satisfy you	0	This could mean: (1) the wife’s breasts excite the husband’s sexual desire and possibly represent the wife’s entire body. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts satisfy your desires” or “Let her body satisfy your desires” or (2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife’s breasts satisfying the husband’s desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate translation: “Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:19	pb8m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	may you be continually intoxicated by her love	0	Intense excitement and joy from the romantic love of one’s wife is spoken of as if he was drunk from that love. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “let her love control you as alcohol controls someone who is drunk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:19	elf2			by her love	0	This could mean: (1) “by your love for her” or (2) “by her love for you.”
5:20	d78f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman?	0	The writer asks these rhetorical questions to emphasize that his son must not do these things. Alternate translation: “My son, do not be captivated by an adulteress! Do not embrace the breasts of an immoral woman!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5:20	z71k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	be captivated by an adulteress	0	Intense excitement that arises from the desire for a woman is spoken of as if he were being held captive by that woman. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “allow an adulteress to captivate you” or “allow an adulteress to fascinate you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:20	zr1u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman	0	Here the word “breasts” represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate translation: “why should you embrace an immoral woman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
5:20	x9gw			an immoral woman	0	This could mean: (1) “a woman who is not your wife” or (2) “a woman who is another man’s wife.”
5:21	jh86		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	sees everything … watches all the paths	0	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
5:21	p1ar		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all the paths he takes	0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions or lifestyle as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “everywhere he goes” or “everything he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:22	u9ya		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities	0	The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities as if those iniquities were people who capture the wicked person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A wicked person’s own iniquities will seize him” or “A wicked person will be unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:22	he5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the cords of his sin will hold him tight	0	The writer speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his sin as if that sin were a trap made of cords in which the person is caught. Alternate translation: “because of his sin, he will be like an animal caught in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5:23	x16k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he is led astray by his great foolishness	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his great foolishness leads him astray” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5:23	n1a7			by his great foolishness	0	Alternate translation: “because he is very foolish”
6:intro	xq95				0	# Proverbs 6 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 6 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally, the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males. Instead, it is simply a form used to pass on advice as a father does to his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThe latter part of this chapter comes back to the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her. An adulteress is a woman who commits adultery. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])\n\n### Numbers\n\nOccasionally, the author will mention a list of six things, or seven things, that Yahweh hates. These numbers are used to draw attention to the list of things. It is not important whether there are six or seven things in the list.\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nThe author will use rhetorical questions to draw the reader’s attention to important points. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])\n\n## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter\n\n### Animals used as types\n\nThe gazelle and the ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to give wisdom. If your language does not recognize these characteristics in those animals, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute another animal from your culture that would help explain the same concept. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
6:1	sb1b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	set aside your money	0	Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate translation: “had to save up some of your money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:1	z256			a guarantee for your neighbor’s loan	0	This could mean: (1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or (2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.
6:1	p3wd			neighbor	0	This same Hebrew word can also mean “friend.”
6:2	p9iu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you have laid a trap for yourself	0	This is a figure of speech saying that you are going to trap yourself. Alternate translation: “you have made a trap in which you yourself are caught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:2	qta7			the words of your mouth	0	Alternate translation: “what you said” or “what you promised to do”
6:3	d6yp			save yourself	0	Alternate translation: “protect yourself” or “help yourself out of these problems”
6:3	zn5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	you have fallen into the hand of your neighbor	0	This is a figure of speech using the term “hand” to mean “harm.” Alternate translation: “your neighbor can bring harm to you if he wants to” or “your neighbor has power over you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:3	mzx9			neighbor	0	Alternate translation: “friend”
6:4	be5i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber	0	“Do not let your eyes sleep; do not let your eyelids slumber.” These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize how important it is not to be lazy. It is also stated negatively for even more emphasis. Alternate translation: “Stay awake, and do what you can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
6:4	n831		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your eyes … your eyelids	0	This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate translation: “yourself … yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6:5	xjb3			Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter	0	Alternate translation: “Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter”
6:5	lcv3			gazelle	0	This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.
6:5	ffv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	from the hand of the hunter	0	The hand of the hunter refers to the hunter’s control. Alternate translation: “from the control of the hunter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:5	fn1g			like a bird from the hand of the fowler	0	Alternate translation: “and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter”
6:6	il7a			Look at … consider	0	Alternate translation: “Study … think about” or “carefully observe … ponder”
6:6	xh1r			ant	0	An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.
6:6	uze2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	consider her ways	0	This is a figure of speech using the “ways” of an ant to refer to the behavior of the ant. Alternate translation: “consider how the ant behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:7	tmb7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	commander, officer, or ruler	0	These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6:8	w9jc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	it prepares its food in the summer … during the harvest it stores up what it will eat	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:8	c8we			summer	0	Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.
6:9	r6u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	How long will you sleep … When will you rise from your sleep?	0	The teacher uses these questions to scold the lazy person for sleeping too much. Alternate translation: “Wake up, you lazy person! Get out of your bed!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:10	q6ab			A little sleep … of the hands to rest	0	These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.
6:10	f9h7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	A little sleep, a little slumber	0	Both of these statements mean the same thing. They can be stated as complete sentences. Alternate translation: “I will just sleep a little longer. Let me sleep lightly a little longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
6:10	c54p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	folding of the hands to rest	0	People often fold their hands while reclining in order to rest more comfortably. Alternate translation: “I will just cross my arms comfortably and rest a little” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:11	qm7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	and your poverty will come	0	This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate translation: “If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come” or “While you sleep, poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6:11	zz4v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	your poverty will come like a robber	0	The sudden way a lazy person becomes poor is like the sudden way a robber comes and steals things. Alternate translation: “you will suddenly become poor, just as if a robber came and stole everything you have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
6:11	r7za		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	and your needs like an armed soldier	0	The sudden way a lazy person becomes in need of things is like the sudden way an armed soldier takes things from a person. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate translation: “and your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” or “and you will become needy just as if an armed soldier stole all your things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
6:11	vt3g			an armed soldier	0	Alternate translation: “a soldier who is holding a weapon” or “a man with a weapon”
6:12	sk3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	A worthless person—a wicked man	0	These two words have the same meaning and emphasize how bad this person is. Alternate translation: “A person with no value—an evil man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
6:12	q9ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lives by the crookedness of his speech	0	Here lies are spoken of as speech that is crooked. Alternate translation: “constantly tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:13	b2zu			winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers	0	All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.
6:13	kq86			winking his eyes	0	If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.
6:14	za5w			He plots evil	0	Alternate translation: “He plans evil” or “He prepares to do evil deeds”
6:14	bbx6			he always stirs up discord	0	Alternate translation: “he always causes discord” or “he is constantly looking for conflict and escalating it”
6:15	n8uw			Therefore	0	Alternate translation: “For that reason”
6:15	fz64		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his disaster will overtake him	0	This implies that the disaster is chasing him like a person or an animal, and that it will catch him soon. Alternate translation: “his disaster will catch him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:15	j5gd			his disaster	0	This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.
6:15	h6bm			in an instant; in a moment	0	Both mean the same thing, and one or both of them can be replaced by “suddenly” or “very quickly.”
6:16	it1e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	six things that Yahweh hates, seven that	0	This whole verse is a parallelism that emphasizes that God hates several things and not just one. Alternate translation: “six things that Yahwah hates; seven things that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:16	akh6			that are disgusting to him	0	Alternate translation: “that make him feel disgust” or “that make you disgusting according to him”
6:17	zib9			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nThis is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in [Proverbs 6:16](./16.md).
6:17	kpi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	eyes … tongue … hands	0	All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6:17	cip3			shed the blood of	0	Alternate translation: “kill” or “murder”
6:18	jq4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	heart … feet	0	All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with “people.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6:18	ex5v			wicked schemes	0	Alternate translation: “evil plans”
6:19	g2tz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	breathes out lies	0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:19	r9n1			discord	0	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 6:14](../06/14.md).
6:19	avm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	one who sows discord	0	This figure of speech is using “sows” to refer to causing or bringing about discord. Alternate translation: “a person who causes discord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:20	e5gm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	obey the command of your father … do not forsake the teaching of your mother	0	These two phrases on the one hand mean the same thing. On the other hand, the repeated emphasis on both “father” and “mother” explicitly includes women in the whole teaching-learning process. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:20	u11d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	do not forsake the teaching of your mother	0	This figure of speech is using the negative “forsake” to mean the positive “obey.” Alternate translation: “obey the teaching of your mother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
6:21	qz2z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:21	b76k			bind them on your heart	0	Alternate translation: “love them” or “think about them”
6:22	r61q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	When you walk … when you sleep … when you wake up	0	These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:22	hw2r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	they will guide you … they will watch over you … they will teach you	0	The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6:23	u5p1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	the commands … the teaching … the corrections that come by instruction	0	These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:23	s8lq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a lamp … a light … the way of life	0	All three of these mean basically the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the fact that the lessons make life better and easier. Alternate translation: “as useful as a lamp … as helpful as light in the darkness … as necessary to follow as the way of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6:23	n5j2			the way of life	0	Alternate translation: “the way that leads to life” or “the way of living that God approves of”
6:24	p7az		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	It keeps you from	0	Here the word “it” refers to the lessons taught by the father and mother in [Proverbs 6:20](../06/20.md). Alternate translation: “It saves you from” or “It protects you from” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
6:24	sjp3			the immoral woman … an immoral woman	0	These two words mean basically the same thing. See how you translated the word “adulteress” in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
6:24	sw14			immoral	0	Alternate translation: “morally evil”
6:25	ty32		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	do not let her capture you with her eyelashes	0	The writer speaks of the woman’s eyelashes as if they were a trap into which the young man could fall. They are a synecdoche for her beauty and a metonym for the way the woman looks at the young man to make her want her. Alternate translation: “do not allow her to gain control over you by being beautiful and by the way she looks at you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:25	rx3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in your heart	0	Here “heart” represents the mind. Alternate translation: “in your thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:25	m7d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	her beauty	0	“what is beautiful about her.” This can also be a metonym for the woman. Alternate translation: “her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:25	f4km			capture you	0	Alternate translation: “gain control over you”
6:25	vnr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	her eyelashes	0	The “eyelashes” stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man’s attention. Alternate translation: “her beautiful eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6:26	p3jv			the price of a loaf of bread	0	This is talking about the material cost, not the spiritual cost or the moral cost. Alternate translation: “a little bit”
6:26	k5fu			may cost you your very life	0	This could mean: (1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or (2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.
6:27	gzh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes?	0	This action would be very dangerous and would cause harm. The implied answer to the question is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who carries a fire in his chest will burn his clothes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:27	sew8			without burning	0	Alternate translation: “without destroying” or “and not destroy”
6:27	pt18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his clothes	0	His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:28	r98z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?	0	Walking on hot coals will scorch a person’s feet, so the implied answer is “no.” Alternate translation: “Every man who walks on hot coals will have scorched feet.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6:28	tw8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walk on hot coals	0	This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6:28	fy6m			walk	0	That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.
6:28	kf2l			scorching	0	Alternate translation: “burning”
6:29	gh7k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	the man who goes in to his neighbor’s wife	0	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “the man who has sexual relations with his neighbor’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
6:30	fwq5			despise a thief	0	Alternate translation: “do not regard a thief with contempt” or “do not think a thief is evil”
6:31	n1t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	if he is caught	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “if someone catches him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:31	b9ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in his house	0	This figure of speech is saying that everything in his house is all that he owns. Alternate translation: “that he owns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6:32	s8mh			The one	0	Alternate translation: “The person” or “The man”
6:33	m2lu			what he deserves	0	Alternate translation: “the appropriate punishment for what he has done”
6:33	t99k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his disgrace	0	This figure of speech is using the term “disgrace” to refer to the feeling of him acting shamefully. Alternate translation: “the memory of his shameful act” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6:33	c8nh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	will not be wiped away	0	This figure of speech is using the negative “will not be wiped away” to refer to it always being there. Alternate translation: “will always remain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
6:34	lyk4			furious	0	very angry
6:34	qsy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	he will show no mercy	0	The “he” is the neighbor whose wife has committed adultery with another man. Alternate translation: “he will not limit the pain he will cause you” or “he will hurt you as much as he can” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
6:34	rc71			when he takes his revenge	0	Alternate translation: “in the moment of his revenge” or “when the moment arrives when he can take his revenge”
6:34	tk3n			takes his revenge	0	If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.
6:35	b2ym			compensation	0	payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong
6:35	fly2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he cannot be bought off	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “you cannot pay him enough money to change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6:35	pc8x			off, though	0	Alternate translation: “off. This will be true even if”
7:intro	pk5f				0	# Proverbs 7 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 7 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Parallelism\n\nProverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])\n\nMany of the proverbs are stated as promises or commands, but they are intended to be advice.\n\n### My Son\n\nOccasionally the author addresses a proverb to “my son.” This is not intended to restrict the words of that proverb to only males, but is still given in the context of a father warning his son.\n\n### Adulteress\n\nThis chapter continues the theme about the adulteress and warns the young man to avoid her.
7:1	at6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	keep my words	0	Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:1	k635		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	store up my commands within yourself	0	Here God’s commands are spoken of as if they were objects that someone could put into a storeroom. Alternate translation: “memorize my commands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:2	a8m4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	keep my instruction	0	Here keeping represents obeying. Alternate translation: “obey my instructions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:2	xfb2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	as the apple of your eye	0	The apple of the eye is the pupil inside the eye, which people normally instinctively protect when an object flies at their face. Here “the apple of the eye” represents whatever a person values and protects the most. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:3	g5jv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Tie them on your fingers	0	This could mean: (1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or (2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God’s commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:3	c4yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	write them on the tablet of your heart	0	Here the heart represents a person’s mind, and remembering something well is spoken of as if the person were writing it on a stone tablet. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:3](../03/03.md). Alternate translation: “remember my commands well as if you were writing them in stone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:4	jn44		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Say to wisdom, “You are my sister	0	Here wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as you would love your sister” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
7:4	z4x8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	call understanding your kinsman	0	Here the quality of understanding is spoken of as if it were a kinsman or relative. Alternate translation: “treat understanding as you would treat your kinsman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
7:4	j17k			kinsman	0	Alternate translation: “relative” or “family member”
7:5	xkl2			the adulterous woman	0	This refers to any woman to whom a man is not married. Alternate translation: “the woman whom you should have nothing to do with”
7:5	y9gh			the immoral woman	0	This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.
7:5	s251			with her smooth words	0	Words intended to deceive are spoken of as if they were smooth objects. Alternate translation: “who says pleasant things, but wants to deceive you”
7:6	v7n1			lattice	0	a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern
7:7	ie51			naive	0	inexperienced or immature
7:8	i1kl			her corner	0	Here “her” refers to any female stranger, as referred to in [Proverbs 7:5](../07/05.md). She was standing at a certain corner, waiting for a suitable man to pass by. Alternate translation: “the corner where a female stranger was standing”
7:8	v7v4			corner	0	This refers to where two roads meet.
7:9	zn5n			twilight	0	the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night
7:10	bu68		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	with a false heart	0	Here “heart” represents intentions or plans. Alternate translation: “she planned to deceive someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:11	vkd8			She was loud and wayward	0	Alternate translation: “She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to”
7:11	es4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	her feet did not stay at home	0	The phrase “her feet” represent the woman. Alternate translation: “she did not stay at home” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:12	h64f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she waited in ambush	0	Here the woman is spoken of as if she were preparing to physically trap a person or an animal. Also, the idea of trapping someone here represents persuading someone to commit sin. Alternate translation: “she waited to trap someone” or “she waited to find someone she could persuade to sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:13	l1ic			she	0	the woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 7:10](./10.md)
7:13	sa2m			grabbed him	0	Alternate translation: “took hold of him firmly”
7:13	vef7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	with a strong face	0	Here “strong” represents “stubborn.” A “strong face” means a stubborn expression on a person’s face. This implies that the woman is acting in a stubborn way, that she is deliberately doing what she knows is wrong. Alternate translation: “with a shameless expression on her face” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:14	ei2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	I paid my vows	0	Here “vows” represents what the person promised to sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:15	fys2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	seek your face	0	Here “face” represents the person and especially the person’s presence. Alternate translation: “look for you” or “find out where you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:17	g7k4			sprinkled my bed with	0	Alternate translation: “scattered on my bed”
7:17	ibk7			aloes	0	A type of wood from a tree that smells good.
7:17	q1mx			cinnamon	0	This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.
7:18	h91x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	let us drink our fill of love	0	Here the pleasures of romantic love are spoken of as if they were something good to drink. Alternate translation: “let us make love to each other as much as we want” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:19	vc42			is not at his house	0	Alternate translation: “is not at home”
7:20	zw96			full moon	0	The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.
7:21	ptg3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	she turned him	0	To persuade someone to act in a certain way is spoken of as if it were changing the direction that person was walking. Alternate translation: “she persuaded him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:21	ev91			her … she … him	0	The female is the married woman who wants to sleep with “him,” the young man.
7:21	l3nt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	smooth lips	0	Here “lips” represents what a person says. When a person flatters someone else by saying things that are not sincere, these words are spoken of as if they were a smooth object. Alternate translation: “flattering, deceiving words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:21	c6k6			she misled him	0	Alternate translation: “she convinced him to sin with her”
7:22	rvi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He went after her suddenly	0	This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate translation: “He quickly decided to go after her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:22	tal5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like an ox going to slaughter … a deer caught in a trap	0	The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
7:22	pk4m			slaughter	0	This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.
7:22	qrn6			deer	0	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 5:19](../05/19.md).
7:23	r6zr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a bird rushing into a snare	0	The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
7:23	t5u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	until an arrow pierces through its liver	0	This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate translation: “until a hunter shoots it in its most important part” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7:23	i4e6			liver	0	Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer’s body.
7:23	zvp5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	it would cost his life	0	This is a way of saying that this person will die as a result. Alternate translation: “it would kill him” or “he would die soon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7:24	wen3			Now	0	This is to focus the attention of the speaker’s sons on the conclusion of this lesson.
7:25	gk8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	May your heart not turn aside onto her paths	0	Here “ways” means the paths that a person chooses to walk on. It represents the person’s behavior, the things that he decides to do in life. Alternate translation: “Make your heart stay far away from the ways of the adulterous woman” or “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7:25	wm1h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your heart	0	Here “heart” represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate translation: “you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
7:25	l3s9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	do not be led astray onto her paths	0	This means the same as the sentence before it. It strengthens the first warning. Alternate translation: “do not leave the right path in order to go on her paths” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:26	xx9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	She has caused many people to fall down pierced	0	Being pierced by spears or arrows represents being killed. Alternate translation: “She has caused many people to fall dead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7:27	g21s			Her house is on the paths to Sheol … they go down	0	Here “paths” represents the kinds of behavior that foolish people participate in. Sheol was the name for the world of the dead.
7:27	ry42		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	on the paths to Sheol … down to the dark bedrooms of death	0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman’s victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7:27	prr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the dark bedrooms of death	0	This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:intro	z8jj				0	# Proverbs 8 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 8 continues a collection of proverbs that ends in chapter nine. These chapters operate more as a unit then many of the following chapters in this book.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of this chapter is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her, in contrast to the adulteress mentioned in chapters 5–7. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])
8:1	qsc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	# General Information:\n\nIn chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
8:1	v9h5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does not Wisdom call out?	0	This question is used to remind the readers of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “Wisdom calls out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:1	i9hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Does not Wisdom call out?	0	Here wisdom is imagined as a woman. If a language does not allow this kind of metaphor, other possible translations are: (1) “Is not wisdom like a woman who calls out?” (2) “Does not a woman named Wisdom call out?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:1	pt6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does not Understanding raise her voice?	0	Here “Understanding” means the same as “Wisdom.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
8:1	k4ug			raise her voice	0	Alternate translation: “speak”
8:3	z73y			the gates at the entrance into the city	0	In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.
8:3	nkc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	she calls out	0	This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:4	gv2w				0	# General Information:\n\nWisdom speaks to the people in verses 4–36.
8:4	jxm5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my voice is for the sons of mankind	0	Here “voice” represents the words that are spoken. Alternate translation: “my words are for the sons of mankind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:4	j5l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the sons of mankind	0	This is metonymy representing all human beings. Alternate translation: “all people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:5	er9q			naive	0	inexperienced or immature
8:5	t3h2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	learn wisdom	0	The abstract word “wisdom’ refers to what a wise person believes and to the way in which he acts. Alternate translation: “learn how a wise person acts” or “learn what it means to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8:5	bg5r			you must get an understanding mind	0	Alternate translation: “you must begin to understand things with your mind”
8:6	uv73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	when my lips open	0	Here “lips” represents a person’s mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:6	a3zk			upright	0	proper or just
8:7	s9bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	my mouth speaks	0	Here “mouth” represents a person who speaks. Alternate translation: “I speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:7	f6mp			what is trustworthy	0	Alternate translation: “what people should believe”
8:7	juy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	wickedness is disgusting to my lips	0	Here “lips” represents a person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “wickedness is disgusting to me” or “saying wicked things would be disgusting to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:7	hz9e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	wickedness	0	Here, **wickedness** represents wicked speech. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wickedness**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8:8	am3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the words of my mouth	0	The “mouth” stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate translation: “The things I teach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
8:8	btx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	nothing twisted	0	Twisting a message is a metaphor for changing a true message into a false one. Alternate translation: “nothing false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:9	nn5r			straight	0	honest and clear
8:9	jyh4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my words are upright for those who find knowledge	0	This probably means that those who find knowledge will easily understand that the speaker’s words are upright. Here “words” represent a message or teaching. Alternate translation: “those who know what is right and what is wrong consider what I teach to be right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
8:9	f1c2			upright	0	true and honest
8:10	w8ks			Acquire my instruction rather than silver	0	Alternate translation: “You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver”
8:11	wl6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her	0	Here Wisdom, personified as a woman, is not speaking. However, it is possible to make Wisdom the speaker here as well. Alternate translation: “For I, Wisdom, am better than jewels; no treasure is equal to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
8:12	mj24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	I, Wisdom, live with Prudence	0	Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:12	b8xj			Prudence	0	caution or good judgment
8:12	jk94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I possess knowledge and discretion	0	The abstract ideas “knowledge” and “discrete” can be expressed in other ways. Alternate translation: “I am knowledgeable and discreet” or “I know many things, and I am careful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8:12	xcu8			discretion	0	being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others
8:13	rf21			perverted speech	0	Alternate translation: “wicked talk”
8:13	gp8g			perverted	0	turned from what is right
8:14	cnc2			good advice	0	Alternate translation: “wise suggestions”
8:14	guc9			advice	0	counsel that is given to help someone
8:14	sne9			sound	0	good, reliable
8:14	w3ju		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	I am insight	0	Here Wisdom is spoken of as if she were insight. Alternate translation: “I have insight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:16	hg7e			nobles	0	noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation
8:17	xz9h			love	0	This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
8:17	e3jr			diligently	0	with careful and continued effort
8:18	k7hf			With me are riches and honor	0	Alternate translation: “I have riches and honor”
8:18	a275		rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	lasting wealth and righteousness	0	This explains what is meant by “riches and honor.” This can be made clear with the connecting statement “therefore.” Alternate translation: “therefore, I will give lasting wealth and righteousness to those who find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
8:18	q481			righteousness	0	Alternate translation: “the ability to live in a right way”
8:19	eyc2			My fruit	0	what wisdom produces or causes
8:19	rqy3			my produce	0	the benefit or gain that wisdom causes
8:20	tks1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	I walk in the path of righteousness	0	Living the right way is spoken of as walking on the right road. Alternate translation: “I live right” or “I do what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:20	rg74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the midst of the paths of justice	0	This tells more of what is meant by “the path of righteousness.” Alternate translation: “I do what is perfectly just” or “I only do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:21	mg4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	treasuries	0	storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:22	xu3p			the first of his deeds then	0	Alternate translation: “I was the first of the things he created then”
8:23	mh2d			In ages long ago	0	Alternate translation: “Very long ago”
8:23	v4tq			ages	0	The word “age” refers to a general, extended period of time.
8:23	mth7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	from the beginnings of the earth	0	The idea of beginnings can be translated in a less abstract way. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8:25	u2m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Before the mountains were settled	0	“Before the bases of the mountains were put into place.” This can also be put into active form. Alternate translation: “Before God made the foundations of the mountains and put them into their proper places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:26	z5y4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	I was born	0	This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:26	asn5			was born	0	Alternate translation: “I was alive”
8:27	nk15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	I was there	0	This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:27	z8lx			established	0	To establish something is to bring into being on a stable basis. Alternate translation: “created” or “made”
8:27	b5db		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep	0	This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate translation: “when he marked on the ocean’s surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:27	ae6e			the deep	0	Alternate translation: “the ocean”
8:28	wnj8			established	0	brought into permanent being
8:28	z2v2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when the springs in the deep became fixed	0	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God fixed the springs in the deep” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:28	zv8f			the springs in the deep	0	The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.
8:29	pd76			when he made his limit for the sea	0	“when he created the shorelines for the oceans. The “limit for the sea” divided the oceans from the dry land.
8:29	vk7f			when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land	0	The Hebrew word for “earth” also often means “land.”
8:29	f3j9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land	0	This can be put into active form. Alternate translation: “when God set the limit for the foundations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
8:30	ph2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	I was beside him	0	This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:30	ky7x			skilled craftsman	0	This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.
8:30	k4ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I was his delight	0	“I was what made him happy.” The word “delight” is an abstract noun that can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he was happy because of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8:30	a22n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	day after day	0	This is a way to express the idea of a habitual action or of a continuous condition. Alternate translation: “continually” or “the whole time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:31	pw91			his whole world	0	Alternate translation: “the whole world he created” or “everything he created”
8:31	wnq9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the sons of mankind	0	This refers to human beings in general. Alternate translation: “the people he brought into existence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
8:32	ly1a			Now	0	This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.
8:32	hwt3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	listen to me	0	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:32	m6ib		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who keep my ways	0	Here “my ways” represents wisdom’s behavior. Alternate translation: “those who do what I teach” or “the people who follow my example” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8:33	ky6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	do not neglect	0	“do not disregard” Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
8:34	i55j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors	0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing. Wisdom is described as having a home; possible meanings of **watching** are: (1) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s home in the morning in order to serve her, or (2) a wise person waits outside wisdom’s house for her to come and teach him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
8:35	z6lm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	finds me	0	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:36	hfn9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	hate me	0	This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
8:36	yl6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he who fails	0	The complete thought is, “he who fails to find me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
8:36	w73k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his own life	0	Here “life” represents the person’s self. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
9:intro	y75r				0	# Proverbs 9 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 9 concludes a collection of proverbs that operate as a unit about wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Wisdom calls out\n\nThe addressee of chapters 8 and 9 is broader than “my son,” but is personal like the previous chapters’ use of “my son.” In this case, Wisdom is calling out for all to come and learn of her.
9:1	m12a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:1	s64d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Wisdom has built	0	The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:2	x5sw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	She has slaughtered her animals	0	This refers to animals whose meat will be eaten in the dinner that Wisdom will give. Alternate translation: “She has killed the animals for meat at dinner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:2	ywr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	mixed her wine	0	In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:2	h2zm			she has set her table	0	Alternate translation: “she has prepared her table”
9:3	p6e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:3	akl3			She has sent out her maids	0	These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.
9:3	ugn5			her maids	0	Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.
9:3	n6ha			she calls out	0	Alternate translation: “she loudly recites her invitation”
9:3	x798			the highest points of the city	0	The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.
9:4	h6sj			Who is naive? Let … the one lacking good sense	0	These two phrases describe the same group of people, those who need more wisdom in their lives. Here the question is addressed to all such people. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is naive, let … anyone lacking good sense”
9:4	dj7m			is naive	0	Alternate translation: “is inexperienced or immature”
9:4	s4da			turn aside here	0	Alternate translation: “leave his path and come into my house”
9:5	h6ck				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the message of Wisdom.
9:5	n3eu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Come … eat … drink	0	All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
9:5	stm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the wine I have mixed	0	In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate translation: “prepared her wine by mixing it with water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:6	b9ma		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Leave … live … walk	0	All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
9:6	ejw3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Leave your naive actions	0	Here naive actions are spoken of as if they were a place that a person could leave. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:6	f53k			naive actions	0	Alternate translation: “inexperienced, immature actions”
9:6	lpn8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the path of understanding	0	Here the process of understanding wisdom is spoken of as if it were a path that a person could follow. Alternate translation: “the manner of living that a wise person has” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:7	x5sc				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the message of Wisdom.
9:7	vif7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Whoever disciplines … whoever rebukes	0	These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:7	kjm2			a mocker	0	Someone who habitually mocks people. Alternate translation: “someone who says insulting things about other people” or “someone who likes to make other people look bad”
9:7	m22a			receives abuse	0	Alternate translation: “receives harsh treatment”
9:7	g88g			whoever rebukes	0	Alternate translation: “whoever corrects”
9:8	fpc4			Do not reprove	0	Alternate translation: “Do not correct”
9:9	c8r2			Give to a wise person, and he … teach a righteous person, and he	0	These two commands actually represent conditional statements. Alternate translation: “If you give to a wise person, he … if you teach a righteous person, he”
9:9	y95j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Give to a wise person … teach a righteous person	0	These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:9	n1f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Give to a wise person	0	This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
9:10	s7rg				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses finish the message of Wisdom.
9:10	l6yl			The fear of Yahweh	0	See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
9:11	uv8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	through me your days will be multiplied	0	This may be put into active form. Alternate translation: “I will multiply your days” or “I will cause you to live many more days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:11	wpx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	through me	0	Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:11	rk9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you	0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:11	u5qf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	years of life will be added to you	0	Wisdom speaks of years of life as if they were physical objects. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “I will add years of life to you” or “I will add years to your life” or “I will enable you to live longer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
9:12	z3ez			If you are wise … and if you mock	0	These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.
9:12	zei6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will carry it	0	This speaks of the consequence of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:13	q38d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification		0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:13	ix9a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The woman of foolishness	0	It is possible to translate “foolishness” as a description such as “A foolish woman.” However, if a language allows wisdom to be personified, as in the previous part of this chapter, it may also allow foolishness to be personified. Alternate translation: “The woman Foolishness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
9:13	lbv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	she is untaught and knows nothing	0	These two expressions basically mean the same thing, which is repeated to show how useless the foolish woman is. Alternate translation: “she does not know anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
9:13	tk38			she is untaught	0	Alternate translation: “she has not learned from experience” or “she is young and naive”
9:15	cqd1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	walking straight on their way	0	This seems to be an idiom for “thinking only of their own affairs” or “minding their own business.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
9:16	ck1n			is naive	0	Alternate translation: “is inexperienced or immature”
9:16	rs92			turn aside here	0	Alternate translation: “leave his path and come here”
9:16	zyq4			she says	0	This is the foolish woman who was introduced in [Proverbs 9:13](./13.md).
9:16	lfx9			those who have no sense	0	Alternate translation: “those who do not have wisdom” or “those who are not wise”
9:17	jsi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious	0	The foolish woman speaks of the pleasure of stolen waters and bread of secrecy to tell men that if they sleep with her, they will have pleasure. This can be stated clearly in a simile: “You can enjoy me just as you enjoy water that you have stolen or bread that is secret” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9:18	kg4h			that the dead are there	0	Alternate translation: “that the men who have gone to her are now dead”
9:18	k1fh			in the depths of Sheol	0	“Sheol” refers to the world of the dead.
10:intro	fhy5				0	# Proverbs 10 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
10:1	i2yb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	# General Information:\n\nMany verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
10:1	tab7			The proverbs of Solomon	0	After the introduction of Chapters 1–9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.
10:2	ffz8			accumulated	0	acquired over time
10:3	df3m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry	0	Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
10:4	e3ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A lazy hand	0	“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:4	yly7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	hand of the diligent	0	“Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:6	k7j2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	are upon the head	0	The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:6	y4mb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	mouth of the wicked	0	The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:6	k4dp			covers up	0	hides the truth
10:7	e1w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	name	0	The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:8	e725			come to ruin	0	Alternate translation: “be destroyed” or “be made useless”
10:9	ps6l			crooked	0	not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful
10:10	mi1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	He who winks the eye	0	“Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
10:10	p957		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will be thrown down	0	A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:11	f47s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The mouth of the righteous	0	Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:11	tv58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the righteous	0	This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
10:11	h2ny		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is a water spring of life	0	This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:11	bz8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the mouth of the wicked covers up violence	0	That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:11	elp1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the mouth of the wicked	0	Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:11	jt58		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun	the wicked	0	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
10:12	ph1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	love covers over	0	Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
10:13	n8pk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on the lips of a discerning person	0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:13	ww93		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a rod is for the back	0	“Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
10:14	ej72		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the mouth of a fool	0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:15	fd3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his fortified city	0	This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:16	im19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The wage … the profit	0	These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:17	k6n3			There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline	0	Alternate translation: “The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life”
10:17	st2j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	but the one who rejects correction is led astray	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:18	d6bj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	has lying lips	0	“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:19	zc3a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	transgression is not lacking	0	This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
10:20	h1pz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The tongue of the righteous person	0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:20	pvj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is pure silver	0	“Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:21	h4rr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The lips of the righteous	0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:21	kp6k			nourish	0	cause them to develop or grow stronger
10:23	l951		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Wickedness is a game a fool plays	0	A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:24	xai5			overtake	0	overcome someone
10:25	ci43		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The wicked are like the storm	0	Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:25	v58h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is a foundation that lasts forever	0	“Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:26	fk5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him	0	“Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
10:26	i1xh			vinegar	0	a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods
10:27	rv8w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the years of the wicked	0	“Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:28	pds2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the years of wicked people	0	Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10:30	ub25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	will never be overthrown	0	This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:31	f7hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Out of the mouth of the righteous person	0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:31	amx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the perverse tongue will be cut out	0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
10:32	y79y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable	0	“Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
10:32	ay8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	mouth of the wicked	0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:intro	uk6v				0	# Proverbs 11 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
11:1	hzq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	# General Information:\n\nMany verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
11:1	g3jt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate	0	“Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:1	pe2q			but he delights in a precise weight	0	Here, **precise weight** represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest”
11:3	rj24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the treacherous	0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
11:4	r538		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath	0	The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
11:5	lc4r			makes his way straight	0	Alternate translation: “has clear direction”
11:5	vhe9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
11:6	v49j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the treacherous	0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
11:6	b5vy			the treacherous are trapped by their cravings	0	Alternate translation: “those who do evil are captured by their passions”
11:6	rhq7			treacherous	0	ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive
11:7	dz8x			the hope that was in his strength	0	Alternate translation: “the confidence he has in his own power”
11:7	zn33			comes to nothing	0	Alternate translation: “disappears”
11:8	z4am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The righteous person is kept away from trouble	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
11:8	u873			it comes	0	Alternate translation: “trouble comes”
11:9	r7vl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	With his mouth the godless	0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:11	sim1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the city becomes great	0	“City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:11	p4sd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the mouth of the wicked	0	“Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:13	en2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	keeps a matter covered	0	“Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:14	a9wq			advisors	0	those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
11:15	j2ce			one who hates giving	0	Alternate translation: “one who refuses to give”
11:16	bvh9			ruthless people	0	people without pity or compassion; cruel people
11:16	h7rd			grasp for wealth	0	Alternate translation: “are greedy for wealth”
11:17	dxp9			one who	0	Alternate translation: “a person who”
11:18	imr8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sows what is right	0	To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:18	ln8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	reaps the wages of truth	0	To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:19	ibb6			the one who	0	Alternate translation: “the person who”
11:19	un2d			pursues evil	0	Alternate translation: “chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil”
11:20	r5lt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	whose hearts are perverse	0	“Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
11:21	gh2a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	will not go unpunished	0	This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
11:22	y2me		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a gold ring … without discretion	0	A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:22	fe2p			without discretion	0	Alternate translation: “without common sense” or “who is foolish”
11:24	x29n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	There is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more	0	This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:24	v6x4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	one who scatters	0	You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:24	gmp8			will accumulate even more	0	Alternate translation: “will gain even more”
11:24	p1q7			withholds what he should give	0	This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.
11:25	q9vb			will prosper	0	Alternate translation: “will gain more”
11:25	lf1i			the one who	0	Alternate translation: “the generous person who” or “anyone who”
11:26	eb69			the man who refuses to sell	0	This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.
11:26	h1qp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	good gifts crown the head of him who sells it	0	“Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11:27	k6ug			The one who diligently seeks	0	the one who seeks with careful and continued effort
11:28	q218		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will fall	0	This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:28	p1e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like the leaf, righteous people will flourish	0	“Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:28	mf6v			righteous people will flourish	0	This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.
11:29	p1pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	inherit the wind	0	The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
11:30	q7ul		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The righteous person will be like a tree of life	0	A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
11:30	hlz7			tree of life	0	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
11:31	s8p9			how much more	0	Alternate translation: “even more so”
12:intro	x2lg				0	# Proverbs 12 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10–22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
12:1	ktr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism		0	# General Information:\n\nThe author uses [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1–15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.
12:1	r7h6			Whoever	0	Alternate translation: “Any person who”
12:1	tz7m			the one who hates correction	0	Alternate translation: “the person who does not want to be told what to do”
12:1	nj5f			is stupid	0	Alternate translation: “is foolish” or “is unwise”
12:3	nly2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A person cannot be established by wickedness	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:3	md5p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	cannot be uprooted	0	“Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:4	wh4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A worthy wife is her husband’s crown	0	A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:4	ced6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones	0	A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12:6	sw3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill	0	The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:6	n6s7			the words of the upright keep them safe	0	Alternate translation: “the advice from an upright person keeps people safe”
12:6	au1h			the upright	0	Alternate translation: “the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person”
12:7	qw8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Wicked people are overthrown	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:7	t5c3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	house	0	The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:8	hfu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A person is praised by how much wisdom he has	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:8	hq69		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one who makes perverse choices is despised	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:10	uxx4			is cruel	0	Alternate translation: “causes suffering”
12:11	wl9h			worthless projects	0	Alternate translation: “worthless plans” or “worthless tasks”
12:12	b6y1			the fruit	0	This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like.
12:13	ak1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk	0	“Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
12:14	z5v9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	just as the work of his hands rewards him	0	The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:15	lr2l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	in his own eyes	0	This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
12:15	wlp9			advice	0	wise suggestions
12:16	n8pr			is prudent	0	Alternate translation: “is wise” or “has good sense.”
12:18	k26n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword	0	The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12:18	avt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the tongue of the wise	0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:18	mpg6			brings healing	0	Alternate translation: “comforts and heals”
12:19	wm6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Truthful lips last forever	0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:19	r5ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a lying tongue is only for a moment	0	“Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:20	xs9w			advisors	0	those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors
12:21	d4zt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	No ill comes	0	The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
12:22	x3ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh hates lying lips	0	“Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:23	qi9m			conceals his knowledge	0	Alternate translation: “does not tell everything he knows”
12:24	j53h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand of the diligent	0	“Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:24	ymw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will be put to forced labor	0	“Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
12:25	qts2			Anxiety	0	uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry
12:25	n82f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	weighs him down	0	“Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12:25	z6n9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	but a good word makes him glad	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **word**, you could express the same idea with the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
12:27	gdt7			would not roast their own game	0	“Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food.
12:27	vz9v			precious wealth	0	Alternate translation: “valuable treasure”
13:intro	nh7k				0	# Proverbs 13 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
13:1	ugs5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A wise son hears	0	Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:1	sy9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	will not listen to rebuke	0	Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:2	zu98		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	From the fruit of his mouth	0	Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:2	w883			the appetite	0	the desire or liking for something
13:2	mgn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the treacherous	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:3	xb3d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his mouth	0	Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:3	bd6a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	opens wide his lips	0	Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:4	c7yc			The appetite … the appetite	0	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 13:2](../13/02.md).
13:4	z2sk			craves but gets nothing	0	Alternate translation: “strongly desires but gets nothing”
13:4	rj8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied	0	Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:4	z1wm			diligent people	0	people who work with careful and continued effort
13:5	i9t2			repugnant	0	causing a strong feeling of disgust
13:6	gt48		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Righteousness protects those	0	“Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
13:6	iac2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who are faultless in their path	0	Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:6	r21h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	wickedness turns away those who commit sin	0	Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
13:7	z16h			who enriches himself	0	Alternate translation: “who makes himself rich”
13:8	mre8			does not hear a threat	0	This could mean: (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke”
13:9	ev8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The light of righteous people rejoices	0	Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:9	ibt9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the lamp of wicked people will be put out	0	Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:10	c8hy			Pride only breeds conflict	0	Alternate translation: “Pride always causes conflict”
13:10	n32q			listen to	0	Alternate translation: “heed” or “follow”
13:10	ujq3			good advice	0	suggestions that are helpful and profitable
13:11	u1q4			Wealth dwindles away	0	Alternate translation: “Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears”
13:11	i2l4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	working with his hand	0	The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
13:11	j3nn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	make his money grow	0	Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:12	v8h6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	When hope is postponed	0	Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:12	gfi6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	it breaks the heart	0	Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
13:12	k7pf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a longing fulfilled is a tree of life	0	Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:12	isa3			tree of life	0	“a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:18](../03/18.md).
13:13	a5vy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he who respects the commandment will be rewarded	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:14	uhi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fountain of life	0	A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:14	h871		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	snares of death	0	Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:15	r4vi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but the way of the treacherous is never-ending	0	Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:15	up13		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the treacherous	0	This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
13:16	g6vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a fool parades his folly	0	To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
13:17	h4gr			falls into trouble	0	Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil”
13:17	pfh6			a faithful envoy	0	Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat”
13:18	m4d7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	learns from correction	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **correction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
13:19	h11i			is sweet	0	Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy”
13:19	fv8k			the appetite	0	the desire or liking for something
13:20	k77z			will suffer harm	0	Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined”
13:21	ddh8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Disaster runs after sinners	0	“Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
13:21	ecr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	righteous people are rewarded with good	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:22	amv1			his grandchildren	0	Alternate translation: “the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants”
13:22	fi9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a sinner’s wealth is stored up for the righteous person	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:23	z3px			An unplowed field	0	Alternate translation: “A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting”
13:23	h46l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but it is swept away by injustice	0	“Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
13:24	jp8a			is careful to instruct him	0	Alternate translation: “makes sure to instruct him”
13:25	a593			he satisfies his appetite	0	Alternate translation: “he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires”
13:25	azl9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the stomach of the wicked is always hungry	0	Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:intro	gbj2				0	# Proverbs 14 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
14:1	r3rp			builds her house	0	Alternate translation: “builds up her house” or “makes her house better”
14:1	tv3l			house	0	This could mean: (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family.
14:1	l2y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	with her own hands	0	The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
14:2	qgn4			The one who … the one who	0	Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who”
14:2	qnc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walks uprightly	0	“Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:2	we9s			despises him	0	Alternate translation: “grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him”
14:2	c17i			in his ways despises him	0	The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh.
14:3	a16n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the mouth of … the lips of	0	The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:3	ixb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a rod for his back	0	The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:3	c2ir			the wise	0	This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people”
14:3	gru7			will preserve them	0	Alternate translation: “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe”
14:4	w12s			the feeding trough	0	A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals.
14:4	e3k8			an abundant crop	0	Alternate translation: “a good harvest”
14:4	diy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the strength of an ox	0	“Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:5	j6d2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	breathes out lies	0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md).
14:6	wm35			and there is none	0	Alternate translation: “and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom”
14:6	ek6h			comes easy to	0	Alternate translation: “is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty”
14:6	xv2j			the one who is discerning	0	Alternate translation: “the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding”
14:7	ud4w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	on his lips	0	The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:8	e2qn			the prudent	0	a person who has good judgment or sense
14:8	vp9q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his own way	0	The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:8	vug2			the folly of fools is deception	0	The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.
14:9	m1s1			when the guilt offering is sacrificed	0	“at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong.
14:9	t24p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	but among the upright favor is shared	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:10	xxe9			its own bitterness	0	Alternate translation: “its own sorrow” or “its own sadness”
14:10	y94d			no stranger	0	Alternate translation: “those who do not know him”
14:11	c5yp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the tent	0	The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:11	d165		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	flourish	0	The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:12	y8gw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	There is a way that seems right to a man	0	The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:13	n7lp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A heart can laugh	0	The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:13	j3ih			be in pain	0	Alternate translation: “experience pain” or “hurt”
14:14	a8j9			The one who	0	Alternate translation: “The person who”
14:14	c5in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what his ways deserve	0	The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:14	qe8k			what is his	0	Alternate translation: “what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to”
14:15	i558			naive	0	inexperienced or immature
14:15	h73m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his steps	0	Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:16	z79v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	turns away from evil	0	Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:16	dy6s			confidently dismisses	0	Alternate translation: “boldly ignores”
14:17	yez8			is quick to become angry	0	Alternate translation: “becomes angry quickly”
14:18	j5kv			naive	0	inexperienced or immature
14:18	c2ql		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	inherit foolishness	0	Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:18	aj35			foolishness	0	The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions.
14:18	rq9a			prudent people	0	Alternate translation: “wise people”
14:18	spn1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	are crowned with knowledge	0	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:19	b4i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	bow down	0	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
14:19	e892		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	at the gates of the righteous	0	The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
14:20	h5ns		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The poor person is hated even by his own companions	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:21	fy3m			The one … the one	0	Alternate translation: “The person … the person”
14:21	d4gp			the poor	0	Alternate translation: “poor people”
14:22	m1cw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do not those who plot evil go astray?	0	The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
14:22	ie8f			who plot evil	0	Alternate translation: “who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things”
14:22	mmn3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness	0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
14:23	k11f			but when there is only talk	0	Alternate translation: “but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking”
14:24	dc97		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The crown of wise people	0	The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:24	u3bw			the folly of fools	0	See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 14:8](../14/08.md).
14:25	wkc7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	breathes out lies	0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
14:27	c8u2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fountain of life	0	A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:27	r5t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from the snares of death	0	A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:28	vxf7			the great number of his people	0	Alternate translation: “how many people he rules”
14:28	yp94			the prince is ruined	0	Alternate translation: “the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall”
14:29	n61r			the quick-tempered	0	a person who is quick to become angry
14:30	lqn3			A tranquil heart	0	Alternate translation: “A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace”
14:30	l819		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	rots the bones	0	The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:31	k67r			The one who … the one who	0	Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who”
14:31	b6nz			curses	0	This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.
14:31	xhv2			the poor … the needy	0	Alternate translation: “a poor person … a needy person”
14:31	k2td			shows favor to	0	Alternate translation: “is kind to” or “helps”
14:32	t8gr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	is brought down by his evil actions	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:33	axk6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Wisdom rests in the heart	0	The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14:33	t41l			the discerning	0	Alternate translation: “a discerning person”
14:33	r61l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	she lets herself be known	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14:33	xi3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	she	0	The word “she” refers to wisdom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
14:34	dl6h			is a disgrace	0	Alternate translation: “brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed”
14:35	qjf7			who acts prudently	0	Alternate translation: “who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen”
14:35	vi56			the one who	0	Alternate translation: “the servant who”
15:intro	l872				0	# Proverbs 15 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
15:1	x2lh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A gentle answer turns away wrath	0	Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:1	hu6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but a harsh word stirs up anger	0	Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:2	w6ic		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge	0	Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:2	sjz8			compliments knowledge	0	Alternate translation: “makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly”
15:2	ncr7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the mouth of fools pours out folly	0	The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:3	w8rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere	0	Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:3	bw6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the evil and the good	0	The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
15:4	wt85		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A healing tongue is a tree of life	0	The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:4	eg2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit	0	The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:5	kix4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	he who learns from correction	0	The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:5	x86t			is prudent	0	Alternate translation: “is wise”
15:6	h7yy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the earnings of the wicked person give	0	The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:7	tk6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about	0	The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:7	wet2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	not so the hearts of fools	0	This could mean: (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:8	a5ry			upright people	0	Alternate translation: “people who live rightly”
15:8	fci9			is his delight	0	Alternate translation: “pleases him”
15:9	ui9i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh hates the way of wicked people	0	The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:9	pj1l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the one who pursues what is right	0	Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:10	j3mw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	anyone who forsakes the way	0	Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:10	jus3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	he who hates correction	0	The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:11	n1e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh	0	The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:11	b6if		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?	0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
15:11	r3gz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hearts of the sons of mankind	0	Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
15:12	dl8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The mocker resents correction	0	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:12	f5d9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he will not go to the wise	0	It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
15:13	b4lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	A joyful heart makes the face cheerful	0	Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:13	dm7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	crushes the spirit	0	The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 15:4](../15/04.md). Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:14	d9uh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The heart of the discerning	0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:14	k3ct		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the mouth of fools feeds on folly	0	Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:15	r1yn			All the days of oppressed people are miserable	0	Alternate translation: “Oppressed people are miserable all of their days”
15:15	en6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a cheerful heart has an unending feast	0	Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:15	m9lg			an unending feast	0	Alternate translation: “a feast that never ends”
15:16	iix3			with confusion	0	Alternate translation: “with anxiety”
15:17	via5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a meal with vegetables	0	The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:17	ux23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	where there is love	0	The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:17	m9u4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a fatted calf served with hatred	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15:17	x4f2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a fatted calf	0	This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
15:17	vw92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	with hatred	0	The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:18	p4ji		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stirs up arguments	0	Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **arguments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:19	awv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The path of the sluggard … the path of the upright	0	The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:19	gy92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns	0	The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
15:19	zqz8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the path of the upright is a built-up highway	0	The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:19	c95z			built-up highway	0	This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.
15:21	itu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the one who has understanding walks a straight path	0	The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:22	p1yb			Plans go wrong	0	Alternate translation: “Plans fail”
15:22	et1u			where there is no advice	0	Alternate translation: “when there is no one to give advice”
15:22	re1s			advisors	0	people who give recommendations as a guide to action
15:22	q31z			they succeed	0	Alternate translation: “plans succeed”
15:23	wg81			a pertinent reply	0	Alternate translation: “a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer”
15:23	jnm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	how good is a timely word	0	This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
15:24	b9kb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The path of life leads upward … from Sheol beneath	0	The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:25	h2dg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	house	0	This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:26	h9s4			the words of kindness are pure	0	Alternate translation: “kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure”
15:28	avu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers	0	Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:28	zzd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil	0	The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:28	zr4l			the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil	0	It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil”
15:29	nq5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh is far away from wicked people	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:30	msq2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The light of the eyes	0	The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
15:30	d2bg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	brings joy to the heart	0	The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:30	hhj8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	good news is health to the body	0	Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
15:31	vet3			you will remain among wise people	0	This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.
15:32	l9cd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	listens to correction	0	The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:33	nhk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom	0	The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
15:33	t56g			The fear of Yahweh	0	See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 1:7](../01/07.md).
15:33	w2h2			humility comes before honor	0	This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.
16:intro	mu2u				0	# Proverbs 16 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### King and royalty\n\nSome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
16:1	bqu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The plans of the heart belong to a person	0	Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:1	hf8a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue	0	This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:1	j1hu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the answer from his tongue	0	The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:2	m6li		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:2	ky4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Yahweh weighs the spirits	0	Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:4	ccq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	even the wicked for the day of trouble	0	The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
16:5	lkb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	everyone who has an arrogant heart	0	Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:5	cq2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	they will not go unpunished	0	The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:6	t6t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for	0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:6	sn15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	people turn away from evil	0	The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:7	i6tc			he makes	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes”
16:8	u992			a large income	0	Alternate translation: “earning a lot of money”
16:8	a4dx			with injustice	0	Alternate translation: “with wrongdoing”
16:9	wyx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	In his heart a person plans out his way	0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:9	y8rt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh directs his steps	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:10	ak2q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king	0	Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:10	ul24		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his mouth should not betray justice	0	The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:11	hb1i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Honest scales come from Yahweh	0	Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:11	c4kd			all the weights in the bag are his work	0	Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.
16:12	tie4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that is something to be despised	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:12	yr8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for a throne is established by doing what is right	0	Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:13	sfa1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	lips that say what is right	0	Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:14	lfm4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A king’s wrath is a messenger of death	0	The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:15	av7j				0	# General Information:\n\nVerse 15 contrasts with verse 14.
16:15	f1pr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	In the light of a king’s face is life	0	The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:15	a5n5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain	0	The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
16:16	rgj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations	How much better it is to get wisdom than gold	0	This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
16:16	bn5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	To get understanding should be chosen more than silver	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:17	ffx6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The highway of upright people	0	The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:17	a2qn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	turns away from evil	0	The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:18	qp3l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a haughty spirit	0	Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:18	yz53			a downfall	0	Alternate translation: “ruin” or “failure”
16:19	s4fk			spoil	0	goods taken in battle
16:20	zg3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	what they are taught	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:21	lrv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The one who is wise in heart is called discerning	0	This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:21	hq6m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The one who is wise in heart	0	Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:21	w5ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sweetness of speech	0	The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:22	y5ux		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Understanding is a fountain of life	0	The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:23	rbc8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The heart of a wise person gives	0	Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:23	qa4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	gives insight to his mouth	0	Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:23	i4qn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to his lips	0	Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:24	r6ef		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	sweet to the soul	0	Here, **soul** could mean: (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:24	ye3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	healing to the bones	0	Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
16:25	v8l9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	There is a way that seems right to a man	0	The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:25	es6x			but its end is the way to death	0	The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death.
16:26	fc7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The laborer’s appetite works for him	0	The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
16:26	gb4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	his hunger urges him on	0	The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
16:27	r16q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A worthless person digs up mischief	0	The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:27	sga2			worthless	0	Alternate translation: “useless” or “wicked”
16:27	q5zk			mischief	0	trouble
16:27	xs7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	his speech is like a scorching fire	0	The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
16:28	x2b5			a gossip	0	a person who gossips or spreads rumors
16:29	mk94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	A man of violence lies to his neighbor	0	It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:29	i6a5			A man of violence	0	Alternate translation: “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence”
16:29	f3dd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	leads him down a path that is not good	0	The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:29	m8qs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a path that is not good	0	The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
16:30	p1tu			The one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips	0	Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in [Proverbs 10:10](../10/10.md).
16:30	wy6w			will bring evil to pass	0	Alternate translation: “will do evil things”
16:31	aj89		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Gray hair is a crown of glory	0	The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
16:31	y1am		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	it is gained	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:32	x3rg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	one who rules his spirit	0	The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16:33	ei8c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The lots are cast into the lap	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
16:33	js5x			the decision is from Yahweh	0	This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.
17:intro	br3v				0	# Proverbs 17 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
17:1	ecu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	to have quiet	0	Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:1	p2y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	than a house full of feasting with strife	0	The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
17:3	fh66		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold	0	This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:3	fi3n			crucible	0	a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature
17:3	aq7i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh refines hearts	0	This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:4	bar9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	wicked lips	0	The word **lips** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:4	cj9s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	gives ear	0	This idiom means “listens.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:4	ef8i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	destructive tongue	0	The word **tongue** can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:5	a5ue		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the poor	0	This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
17:5	gs4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his Maker	0	This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:5	dj8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at misfortune	0	This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:6	y71i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	are the crown of	0	This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:6	v99u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the aged	0	This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
17:7	i2ze			Eloquent speech	0	Alternate translation: “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech”
17:7	clc1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	much less are lying lips suitable for royalty	0	This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
17:8	mi9y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it	0	This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:8	iq11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	wherever he turns	0	Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:9	nk6k			an offense	0	an action or word that has hurt him
17:9	r2e2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	who repeats a matter	0	This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:9	s8p6			alienates close friends	0	Alternate translation: “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other”
17:10	dra2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool	0	This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:10	fs5v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a person who has understanding	0	“a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:10	hy6y			a hundred blows go	0	Alternate translation: “a beating of a hundred blows goes”
17:11	rz73		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	seeks rebellion	0	The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:11	zqf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a cruel messenger will be sent against him	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:11	suj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will be sent against him	0	To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:12	fk5m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a bear robbed of her cubs	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:12	j1ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in his foolishness	0	The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:13	p537		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	evil will never leave his house	0	Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:14	e1bw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere	0	This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
17:14	al2h			has broken out	0	Alternate translation: “starts”or “begins”
17:15	z95a			acquits	0	justifies, declares someone not guilty
17:16	kk5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?	0	This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
17:17	az6z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a brother is born for times of trouble	0	One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:18	f3yd			no sense	0	Alternate translation: “no good judgement”
17:18	r6wn			binding promises	0	This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.
17:19	bpz3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	causes bones to be broken	0	This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:20	a3mi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	who has a crooked heart	0	The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:20	s659		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	has a perverse tongue	0	The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:20	qjp9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	falls into calamity	0	“falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:22	b1n1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A cheerful heart is good medicine	0	This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:22	ga2p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A cheerful heart	0	The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:22	u1vh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a broken spirit	0	Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:22	gei3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	dries up the bones	0	A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
17:23	r7p6			to pervert the ways of justice	0	Alternate translation: “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice”
17:24	ba2e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	sets his face toward wisdom	0	This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:24	r7ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the eyes of a fool are	0	This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
17:24	qef2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the ends of the earth	0	This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17:25	cn74			A foolish son is a grief to his father	0	This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father”
17:25	mw1t			A foolish son … and bitterness to the woman	0	This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman”
17:25	t9yj			who bore him	0	Alternate translation: “who gave birth to him”
17:25	lm5j			bitterness	0	emotional pain, sorrow
17:26	lw6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	it is never good … neither is it good	0	These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
17:26	wfd1			the righteous person	0	Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit.
17:26	s7mg			flog	0	whip severely
17:26	dj91		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	who have integrity	0	The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
17:27	je2b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	uses few words	0	This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
17:28	b5ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Even a fool is thought to be wise	0	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
17:28	i81a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	keeps his mouth shut	0	This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
17:28	q1jm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he is considered to be intelligent	0	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:intro	k5qz				0	# Proverbs 18 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
18:1	n34r			isolates himself	0	Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people”
18:1	vun3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	quarrels with all sound judgment	0	This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
18:1	r3yq			sound judgment	0	Alternate translation: “good judgment” or “wise choices”
18:2	u731		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only	0	“A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
18:2	ey4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	but only in revealing what is in his own heart	0	This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:2	yp8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	what is in his own heart	0	The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:3	fw1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach	0	Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
18:3	ps5e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	shame and reproach	0	These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
18:4	izv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters; & the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream	0	These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:4	nv82		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters	0	This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:4	mk4j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a man’s mouth	0	Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:4	mn87		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream	0	This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:5	fi7d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	It is not good to … to the righteous person	0	These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
18:6	p2qv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	A fool’s lips bring	0	Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:6	w2xd			bring	0	Alternate translation: “cause”
18:6	zxu7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his mouth invites a beating	0	This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:6	z4ii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his mouth	0	Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:7	iwj7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	A fool’s mouth … with his lips	0	Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:7	v6hu			is his ruin	0	Alternate translation: “will ruin him”
18:7	e4r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he ensnares himself	0	This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:8	iu3y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels	0	This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18:8	vd95		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession	The words of a gossip	0	This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession]])
18:8	lms4			morsels	0	small bites of food
18:8	mr15		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they go down into the inner parts of the body	0	This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:9	uih2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys	0	This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:9	i66j			is slack	0	Alternate translation: “is lazy” or “is not interested”
18:9	mch5			the one who destroys the most	0	Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive”
18:10	ktq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The name of Yahweh is a strong tower	0	This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:10	f4nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The name of Yahweh	0	Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:10	dtz5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the righteous	0	This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
18:10	gkx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	runs into it and is safe	0	This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:11	vhu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The wealth of the rich is his fortified city	0	This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:11	bgq7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the rich	0	This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
18:11	tz4b			fortified city	0	a city with strong defenses like walls and towers
18:11	kei5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	in his imagination it is like a high wall	0	This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18:12	r28e			Before his downfall a person’s heart is proud	0	Alternate translation: “First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall”
18:12	uet1			downfall	0	This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health.
18:12	t2l5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a person’s heart	0	Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:12	dy4x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	humility comes before honor	0	The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
18:13	cj6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	it is his folly and shame	0	The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
18:14	jnm1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	A person’s spirit will survive sickness	0	Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:14	v3f4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	but a broken spirit who can bear it?	0	This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
18:14	b1vb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	a broken spirit	0	This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:15	e4fm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The heart of the intelligent acquires	0	Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
18:15	p7l8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the intelligent	0	This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
18:15	ptl8			acquires	0	Alternate translation: “gains” or “obtains”
18:15	xwh7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the hearing of the wise seeks it out	0	Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:15	a1ba		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wise	0	This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
18:15	enq3			seeks it out	0	Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge”
18:16	zkj3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	may open the way	0	Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:16	wr8f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	bring him before	0	This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
18:17	ct71		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The first to plead his case	0	This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
18:18	qs89			Casting the lot	0	Alternate translation: “Casting lots”
18:18	n3hk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	separates strong opponents	0	This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
18:19	dcj5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city	0	This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:19	zq5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	quarreling is like the bars of a castle	0	This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
18:19	ef13			castle	0	a fortified palace
18:20	qaf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	From the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied	0	These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
18:20	h4tr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fruit of his mouth	0	This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:20	p1z6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	one’s stomach is filled	0	This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:20	r4ee		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the harvest of his lips	0	This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:20	x66t			he is satisfied	0	Alternate translation: “he is pleased”
18:21	flt4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Death and life are controlled by the tongue	0	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:21	n65f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	by the tongue … love the tongue	0	Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
18:21	l141		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will eat its fruit	0	This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
18:24	wg3n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	many friends is brought to ruin by them	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
18:24	zc7f			comes closer than	0	Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than”
19:intro	nbz8				0	# Proverbs 19 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
19:1	ev8n			Better is a poor person	0	Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person”
19:1	bpi4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	who walks in his integrity	0	This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:1	wj4i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	is perverse in speech	0	The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
19:2	u1uj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	to have desire without knowledge	0	This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:2	f2pu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the one who runs too fast misses the path	0	This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:3	ivv9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his heart rages	0	Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:4	q8uv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Wealth adds many friends	0	This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:4	v5qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a poor person is separated from his friends	0	A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:5	l99e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	A false witness will not go unpunished	0	This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:5	i2ws		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	he who breathes out lies will not escape	0	This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
19:5	q13j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	breathes out lies	0	This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:6	gms6			a generous person	0	someone who often gives away things
19:6	q978		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	everyone is a friend	0	The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
19:7	vs3i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	how much more do his friends who go far away from him!	0	This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:8	ll4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	loves his own life	0	Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:8	v9e9			keeps understanding	0	Alternate translation: “has understanding”
19:9	phm9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	A false witness will not go unpunished	0	This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:5](../19/05.md). Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:9	a1nm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	breathes out lies	0	This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 6:19](../06/19.md). Alternate translation: “constantly lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:10	f4zn			It is not fitting	0	Alternate translation: “It is not right”
19:10	pq5q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	much less for a slave	0	The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19:11	ah27			Discretion makes a person slow to anger	0	Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry”
19:11	j1li			Discretion	0	This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 1:4](../01/04.md).
19:11	p96c			it is his glory to overlook	0	Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks”
19:11	gc21			to overlook	0	to forget on purpose
19:12	vbv5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion	0	Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:12	m29g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	but his favor is like dew on the grass	0	The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
19:13	v325			is ruin to his father	0	Alternate translation: “will ruin a father”
19:13	s1nw		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water	0	This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:13	l7wk			a quarreling wife	0	Alternate translation: “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife”
19:14	t54q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A house and wealth are inherited from parents	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:14	csr4			prudent	0	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
19:14	jw8q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a prudent wife is from Yahweh	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:15	ye6v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep	0	This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
19:15	jcb5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	go hungry	0	This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:16	xr2k			the command	0	Alternate translation: “the command that he was taught”
19:16	v2yl			guards his life	0	Alternate translation: “protects his life”
19:16	ik59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	his ways	0	This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:17	zw6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh	0	Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:17	qx9d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the poor	0	This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
19:18	nw29		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	while there is hope	0	This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:18	md5c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	and do not set your desire on putting him to death	0	This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:18	hky1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	set your desire on putting him	0	This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:19	n85t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	A hot-tempered person	0	This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:19	f2vs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	must pay the penalty	0	This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:19	s1da		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	if you rescue him	0	“if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:19	dnq3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	a second time	0	“another time” or “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
19:20	gby8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Listen to advice and accept instruction	0	These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
19:20	egn7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Listen to advice	0	This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:21	c7qg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in a person’s heart	0	Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:21	f82d			the purpose of Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans”
19:21	q568		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	that will stand	0	This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
19:23	x7qy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied	0	This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:23	h31x			anyone who has it	0	Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.”
19:23	gyg5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	satisfied and not afflicted by harm	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
19:24	wf2e			sluggard	0	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 10:26](../10/26.md).
19:24	r5yj			buries his hand in the dish	0	“dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today.
19:24	r3ts		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he will not even bring it back up to his mouth	0	He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:25	svj3			Strike a mocker, and the naive person	0	Alternate translation: “If you strike a mocker, the naive person”
19:25	k69j			Strike a mocker	0	Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker”
19:25	zh2b			naive person	0	Alternate translation: “inexperienced person” or “immature person”
19:25	v49d			prudent	0	See how you translated this word in [Proverbs 12:23](../12/23.md).
19:25	m391			discipline one who is discerning, and	0	Alternate translation: “if you discipline one who is discerning,”
19:25	wwq5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	he will gain knowledge	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
19:26	g233		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	brings shame and reproach	0	This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
19:27	n4av		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	If you cease to hear instruction	0	Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
19:27	s24z			you will stray from	0	Alternate translation: “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on”
19:27	y3ln			the words of knowledge	0	Alternate translation: “knowledge”
19:28	d2w1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity	0	This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
19:28	aq9f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	the mouth of the wicked swallows	0	The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
19:28	g9y4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
19:29	d4f3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for	0	The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
19:29	ray2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	flogging for the backs of fools	0	The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
19:29	r21d			flogging	0	beating with a whip or stick
20:intro	e8g2				0	# Proverbs 20 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
20:1	p893		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler	0	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
20:1	v7zx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Wine is a mocker	0	Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:1	qa7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	strong drink is a brawler	0	Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:1	c6m7			a brawler	0	a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place
20:1	ne6h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	whoever is led astray by drink is not wise	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:1	g7rv			by drink	0	Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks
20:1	k4sv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	is not wise	0	This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
20:2	p628		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring	0	This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
20:2	xa6x			makes him angry	0	Alternate translation: “makes the king angry”
20:2	rl5y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	forfeits his life	0	This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
20:3	ru7h			It is an honor	0	“It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored.
20:3	gf5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	every fool jumps into an argument	0	This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:4	cva3			plow	0	to prepare land for planting
20:4	tdr6			in autumn	0	Alternate translation: “during the season for planting crops”
20:4	z5wi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	but will have nothing	0	This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:5	f8de		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The purpose in a human heart is like deep water	0	This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
20:5	qr3j			someone with understanding	0	Alternate translation: “a person who has understanding”
20:5	fk7w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will draw it out	0	This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:6	lmq9			is loyal	0	Alternate translation: “is faithful” or “is trustworthy”
20:6	xut9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	but who can find one who is faithful?	0	The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20:7	s7th		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	walks in his integrity	0	Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in [Proverbs 19:1](../19/01.md). Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:7	y2ed		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	his sons who follow after him	0	This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:8	j9up		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him	0	This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:9	p5m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”?	0	The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20:9	s43m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	my heart	0	Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:9	d5hx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	clean	0	A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:9	xb5x			I am clean from my sin	0	Alternate translation: “I am without sin” or “I have not sinned”
20:11	yym3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Even a youth is known by his actions	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:11	m4db			whether his conduct is pure and upright	0	Alternate translation: “whether his conduct is pure and upright or not”
20:11	xm83			his conduct	0	Alternate translation: “his deeds” or “what he does”
20:11	we5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	pure and upright	0	These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
20:13	h9et		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	come to poverty	0	The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:13	ee3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	open your eyes	0	Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:14	zh4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts	0	Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:15	cv2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lips of knowledge are a precious jewel	0	This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:15	tt4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	lips of knowledge	0	Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:16	sn35		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger	0	When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:16	cv1m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	puts up security	0	This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:16	e647		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	hold it in pledge	0	This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:17	zi4r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Bread gained by deceit	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:17	gjt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	by deceit	0	The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
20:17	lnt5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Bread	0	Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
20:17	fz1i			tastes sweet	0	Alternate translation: “tastes good”
20:17	tu5a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel	0	This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:17	du9w			gravel	0	small pieces of rock
20:18	mjl4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Plans are established by advice	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:19	i4ch			A gossip	0	This means someone who gossips a lot.
20:19	i2mb			you should not associate with	0	Alternate translation: “you should not be friends with”
20:20	v9ff			If a person curses	0	This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.
20:20	el23		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness	0	This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:20	e6a4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his lamp will be snuffed out	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:20	un31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his lamp	0	This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20:20	a13a			snuffed out	0	to cause a flame to go out
20:21	mk5b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	at the beginning	0	This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:22	pj94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	I will pay you back	0	This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:22	ti5g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Wait for Yahweh	0	This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:23	x2rc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good	0	These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
20:24	re6n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A person’s steps are directed by Yahweh	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:24	i9ej		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	A person’s steps	0	This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
20:24	mfy9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	how then can he understand his way?	0	The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
20:24	s44t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	understand his way	0	This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
20:25	qfw5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	It is a snare	0	This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:25	x37x			to say rashly	0	to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean
20:25	tt8z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	making his vow	0	The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
20:26	cgd9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	winnows the wicked	0	This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:26	m44h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
20:26	rs2y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he turns a threshing wheel over them	0	This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:26	sy6b			threshing wheel	0	“threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff.
20:27	x5vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts	0	This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
20:28	f9he		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king	0	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
20:28	dyd6			preserve the king	0	keep the king safe from harm
20:28	dym8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his throne is made secure by love	0	Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
20:30	g7u1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean	0	Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:intro	ge8s				0	# Proverbs 21 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
21:1	w5md		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh	0	The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:1	t1m8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The king’s heart	0	The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:2	yz3c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Every person’s way is right in his own eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:2	xmb4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who weighs the hearts	0	The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:3	qs6t			To do what is right	0	Alternate translation: “To do what Yahweh thinks is right”
21:3	ezq6			To do what is … just	0	Alternate translation: “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people”
21:3	f31f			just is more acceptable to Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “just—Yahweh wants this more”
21:4	ps7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Haughty eyes and a proud heart	0	The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21:4	xvr4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Haughty eyes	0	This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:4	gk4s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	proud heart	0	This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:4	y68u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the lamp of the wicked	0	The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:5	mmd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the diligent	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:5	xi4l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	comes only to poverty	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:6	vsi8			Acquiring riches	0	Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth”
21:6	bc5d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a lying tongue	0	The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:6	w3kd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a fleeting vapor	0	The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:6	l9ag		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a snare that kills	0	The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:7	zn7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The violence of the wicked will drag them away	0	The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
21:7	ce4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	violence of the wicked	0	Here, **violence** refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **violence**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word **wicked** is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:7	i5j5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	drag them away	0	This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:8	qgr2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The way of a guilty person is crooked	0	This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:8	y9c2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	crooked	0	Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:9	gff3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a corner of the roof	0	Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
21:9	j9e1			quarrelsome wife	0	Alternate translation: “wife who often argues and complains”
21:10	x3rs		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The appetite of the wicked craves evil	0	The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:10	a2dz			craves	0	desires strongly
21:10	d5qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes	0	The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:11	rd8s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	When the mocker is punished	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:11	a11r			the naive	0	Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature”
21:11	a6a5			the mocker	0	Alternate translation: “the person who mocks others”
21:11	m512		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	when the wise person is instructed	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:11	ylu9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	lays hold of knowledge	0	Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:12	t3bj			The righteous	0	This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.”
21:12	bc3u			watches the house	0	Alternate translation: “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house”
21:12	tem1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he brings wicked people to disaster	0	Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:13	uc5n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:13	iv38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he will not be answered	0	The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:14	h1vz			appeases anger	0	Alternate translation: “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry”
21:15	p2ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	When justice is done	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:16	cj4z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	wanders from the way of understanding	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:16	t6m2			he will rest in the assembly of the dead	0	Alternate translation: “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits”
21:18	mh2v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is ransom for	0	The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:18	qt7k			the treacherous	0	a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely
21:18	n28n			upright people	0	Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people”
21:20	r84p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	wise	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:20	nw25			swallows it all up	0	Alternate translation: “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it”
21:22	d84j			scales the city	0	Alternate translation: “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city”
21:22	v5jk			the city of the mighty ones	0	Alternate translation: “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors”
21:22	p6cm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	he brings down	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:22	w292			the stronghold in which they trusted	0	Alternate translation: “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe”
21:23	xw3q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Whoever guards his mouth and tongue	0	Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:24	c77j			The proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride	0	Alternate translation: “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride”
21:24	m76a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	proud and haughty	0	These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
21:24	rf25		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“Mocker” is his name	0	The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
21:25	pzb9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The desire of the lazy kills him	0	The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:25	dt4f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	his hands refuse	0	The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
21:26	vgt6			craves	0	desires strongly
21:26	es9x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	gives and does not hold back	0	The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
21:27	fq9a			The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable	0	The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in [Proverbs 15:8](../15/08.md), but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.
21:27	l3le		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
21:27	iy31			it is even more detestable	0	Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more”
21:28	h8d4			will speak for all time	0	This is because people will never forget what he said.
21:29	z6tg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	makes his face hard	0	This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
21:29	ts1r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is certain about his ways	0	A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
21:30	n8kt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that	0	The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
21:30	k3pe			stand against Yahweh	0	Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong”
21:31	j1hq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The horse is prepared for the day of battle	0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
21:31	i6w8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the day of battle	0	The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:intro	t5zj				0	# Proverbs 22 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])\n\n## Important figures of speech in this chapter\n\n### Rhetorical questions\n\nWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:1	but9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A good name is to be chosen over great riches	0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:1	m8c7			A good name	0	Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person”
22:3	nt9p			A prudent man	0	“A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in [Proverbs 12:16](../12/16.md).
22:3	cm2a			the naive	0	Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature”
22:5	e8f6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse	0	The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:5	r2h1			snares	0	traps to catch animals
22:5	dku9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the perverse	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:5	f1ap		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	whoever guards his life	0	A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:6	je4e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the way he should go	0	How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:7	dk14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	borrows … lends	0	You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
22:8	l36j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He who sows injustice will reap trouble	0	The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:8	htf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the rod of his fury will fade away	0	The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:8	yu9g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	rod of his fury	0	The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:8	kpt4			will fade away	0	The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up.
22:9	nxi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The one who has a generous eye will be blessed	0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
22:9	zhf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	one who has a generous eye	0	The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:9	vs46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	bread	0	Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:10	t6nt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	disputes and insults will cease	0	The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
22:11	xzb6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	loves a pure heart	0	It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
22:11	tlq4			is gracious	0	Alternate translation: “is kind”
22:12	swt2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over	0	The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
22:12	s2lr		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	keep watch over knowledge	0	Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:12	zw3l			he overthrows	0	Alternate translation: “he destroys”
22:12	q7yt		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the treacherous	0	The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in [Proverbs 11:3](../11/03.md). Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:13	jg67			The lazy person says	0	The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.
22:14	eq5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit	0	The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:14	xrc5			an adulteress	0	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 5:3](../05/03.md).
22:14	l326		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh’s anger is stirred up	0	Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:14	fin1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	falls into it	0	Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:15	fuj4			Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child	0	Alternate translation: “The heart of a child is full of foolish things”
22:15	j283		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the rod of discipline	0	The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:15	dk18		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	drives it far away	0	The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:16	w7rc			to increase his wealth	0	Alternate translation: “to become richer” or “to gain more money”
22:16	fm7f			gives to rich people	0	Alternate translation: “gives money to rich people”
22:16	d4td		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will come to poverty	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:17	nnv4				0	# General Information:\n\nVerse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.
22:17	lgs9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Incline your ear and listen	0	Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:17	l38x			the words of the wise	0	Alternate translation: “what wise people say”
22:17	pi8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	apply your heart to	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
22:17	i9n2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	my knowledge	0	The person speaking is probably the same as the father from [Proverbs 1:8](../01/08.md). He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
22:18	nl9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	all of them are ready on your lips	0	The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:19	wr39			today—even to you	0	“today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated.
22:20	bb5s				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue and end the introduction that began in [Proverbs 22:17](./17.md).
22:20	q77c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	thirty sayings	0	Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
22:21	q8xu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	to teach you … who sent you?	0	These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:21	l5jf			to those who sent you	0	This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.
22:22	y27s				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses begin the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:22	aq5t			Do not rob … or crush	0	If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.
22:22	su1v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the poor	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:22	tq59		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	crush	0	grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:22	ws7l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the needy	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
22:22	z1ia		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	at the gate	0	The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:23	a2vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Yahweh will plead their case	0	The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:23	m5k2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will rob of life those who robbed them	0	Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:24	cpi3				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:24	w16m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	someone who is ruled by anger	0	someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:24	cc8z			rages	0	shows violent anger
22:25	s2i8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will take bait for your soul	0	A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
22:25	jh2k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	bait for your soul	0	The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22:26	ftq6				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:26	rnd6			strikes hands	0	A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts.
22:26	wt7u			in making a pledge	0	Alternate translation: “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person”
22:28	tb1b				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
22:28	g63s			ancient	0	very old
22:28	djq5			boundary stone	0	a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins
22:28	j4id			fathers	0	ancestors
22:29	y4ub		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you see a man skilled at his work?	0	This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
22:29	e6ii		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	stand before	0	This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:intro	eva7				0	# Proverbs 23 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
23:1	z181				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:2	lu62		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	put a knife to your throat	0	Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
23:3	zfk9			Do not crave	0	“Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
23:3	zkz5			his delicacies	0	Alternate translation: “his special and expensive food”
23:3	tjm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	it is the food of lies	0	This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
23:4	a4va				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:4	wh19			Do not work too hard	0	Alternate translation: “Do not work so much that you are always tired”
23:5	n9hd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	light upon it	0	land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:5	sp17		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off	0	A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:5	ryq4			wings like an eagle	0	wings like an eagle’s wings
23:6	afl6				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:6	su9w			do not crave	0	“do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in [Proverbs 21:9](../21/09.md).
23:6	jtt7			his delicacies	0	“his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 23:3](../23/03.md).
23:7	lbe8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	his heart is not with you	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
23:8	aw14		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	You will vomit up the little you have eaten	0	This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
23:8	z3l6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	you will have wasted your compliments	0	Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **compliments**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
23:9	nk6j				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:9	u4q5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	in the hearing of a fool	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **hearing**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
23:10	iha4			ancient	0	very old. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
23:10	de8r			boundary stone	0	This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:28](../22/28.md).
23:10	a9cb			encroach	0	This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.
23:10	n6i1			orphans	0	children whose parents are dead
23:11	p1uf			their Redeemer	0	Yahweh
23:11	bgi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he will plead their case against you	0	The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:12	w7ey				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:12	pgj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Apply your heart to	0	This is an idiom. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:17](../22/17.md). Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
23:12	v2r3			instruction	0	This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.”
23:12	jul6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	your ears	0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
23:12	gn45			to words of knowledge	0	Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know”
23:13	c9zs				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:13	qfa7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Do not withhold instruction from a child	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **instruction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
23:13	r8dq			withhold	0	refuse to give something that one knows another person needs
23:14	jx2r			rod	0	piece of wood
23:14	e27r			It is you who must beat him … and save his soul	0	“You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him.
23:14	z89f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	save his soul from Sheol	0	If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
23:15	h5yu				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:16	sij3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	when your lips speak	0	“Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
23:17	qz55				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:17	zgy6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Do not let your heart envy sinners	0	The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
23:18	d3fz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your hope will not be cut off	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
23:19	qj67				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:19	f128			Hear—you!—my son	0	“Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention.
23:19	jg2g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	direct your heart in the way	0	Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:20	sag8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	gluttonous eaters of meat	0	This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
23:21	z3sn		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	slumber will clothe them with rags	0	The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
23:22	bzi7				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:22	s9it		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	do not despise	0	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
23:23	smm2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding	0	Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:24	rzg3				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:24	qls1			The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him	0	Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him”
23:24	b6a9			will be glad in him	0	Alternate translation: “will be glad because of him”
23:26	c77m				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:26	ds3t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	give me your heart	0	The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
23:26	zdk9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let your eyes observe	0	The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
23:27	b64j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	prostitute … immoral woman	0	There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
23:27	y9ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a prostitute is a deep pit	0	The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:27	i17l			prostitute	0	Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.
23:27	zt34			deep pit … narrow well	0	These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.”
23:27	fys1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	an immoral woman is a narrow well	0	Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23:27	ezr3			well	0	a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water
23:28	x4yu			lies in wait	0	stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches
23:28	ll5s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the treacherous	0	This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
23:29	ek29				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:29	l7du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes?	0	The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
23:29	yw3q			bloodshot eyes	0	Alternate translation: “eyes red, like the color of blood”
23:30	kqg7			Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine	0	These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.
23:30	g2tp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	linger over wine	0	spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
23:30	t96n			the mixed wine	0	This could mean: (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.
23:31	v5x1				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
23:32	ip9z			In the last	0	Alternate translation: “After you drink it”
23:32	cr4n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	it bites like a serpent … it stings like an adder	0	The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
23:32	q4ct			adder	0	a type of poisonous snake
23:33	qfg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	your heart will utter perverse things	0	The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
23:33	d1kc			perverse things	0	things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked
23:34	s7qb				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person.
23:34	q7lv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	lies on the top of a mast	0	The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
23:34	lxy2			mast	0	the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship
23:35	c4na			They hit me, & but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it.	0	Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.
23:35	d6ej			When will I wake up?	0	The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.
24:intro	nl8m				0	# Proverbs 24 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.\n\nThe second half of this chapter finishes the section.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Lazy man story\n\nUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30–34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
24:1	d1dq				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:2	dw7g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	their hearts	0	The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
24:2	m8px		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	their lips	0	The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
24:2	es5l			talk about trouble	0	Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems”
24:3	f9id				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:3	hiy4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Through wisdom a house is built	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:3	q4cp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	by understanding it is established	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:3	mq3v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	it is established	0	The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:4	ry4y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	By knowledge the rooms are filled	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:5	gah6				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:5	gya2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	warrior of wisdom	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
24:5	my2f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a man of knowledge increases his strength	0	The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
24:6	i9sa		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	by wise direction	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **direction**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
24:6	e43z			wage your war	0	Alternate translation: “fight your war”
24:6	nll1			advisors	0	those who tell government officials what those officials should do
24:7	ten9				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:7	r9t9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	too high for a fool	0	This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
24:7	e2pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	open his mouth	0	The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:8	f77e				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:8	f9l9			a master of schemes	0	one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker”
24:10	xt51				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:10	dbq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	your strength is small	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
24:11	t92q				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:11	xc8k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	those who are being taken away	0	These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:11	n8k2			taken away	0	Another possible meaning is “dragged away.”
24:11	ru95			staggering	0	walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.
24:11	kl46		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the slaughter	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **slaughter**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:12	k5el			If you say, “Behold, & this,” does	0	The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold, … this,’ but does”
24:12	akd7			Behold, we	0	Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we”
24:12	yi61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?	0	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
24:12	cx5x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	the one who	0	The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
24:12	zda4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	weighs the heart	0	The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:12	pa6x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The one who guards your life, does he not know it?	0	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
24:12	m55q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Will God not give to each one what he deserves?	0	The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
24:13	q7s6				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:14	p5t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	your hope will not be cut off	0	This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
24:15	i96h				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:15	s1ww		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Do not lie in wait	0	The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in [Proverbs 1:11](../01/11.md). Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
24:15	g6w6			his home	0	the home of the righteous person
24:16	jrm7			rises again	0	Alternate translation: “gets back on his feet” or “stands up again”
24:16	k8ly		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	wicked people are brought down by calamity	0	The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
24:16	u49k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	are brought down	0	This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:16	ze9b			calamity	0	times when bad things happen to people and their property
24:17	rpu6				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:17	t9ei			your enemy falls	0	Alternate translation: “something bad happens to your enemy”
24:17	by2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	let not your heart be glad	0	This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
24:18	b18i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	turn away his wrath from him	0	The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
24:19	yp9l				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:20	mmf6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the lamp of wicked people will go out	0	The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
24:21	j1fr				0	# General Information:\n\nThese verses continue the “thirty sayings” ([Proverbs 22:20](../22/20.md)).
24:21	vvr9			Fear	0	a deep respect and awe for a person in authority
24:22	jzb3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them?	0	The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
24:22	ub7e			both of them	0	these words refer to Yahweh and the king
24:23	jq5s			These also are sayings of the wise	0	This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.
24:23	ci6n			a case at law	0	a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law
24:24	lma6			Whoever says to the wicked person, & will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations	0	The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him”
24:24	rfb9			the wicked person … a righteous person	0	This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent”
24:25	xwv5			will have delight	0	Alternate translation: “will be very happy”
24:25	ufh1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	gifts of goodness will come to them	0	Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **goodness**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
24:25	uy7d			gifts of goodness	0	Alternate translation: “good things” or “blessings”
24:26	sz6f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	gives a kiss on the lips	0	A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
24:28	u5rp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	with your lips	0	The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24:29	cke7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	pay him back	0	This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
24:31	w3gw			Thorns	0	useless plants with sharp spines
24:31	j4m7			nettles	0	plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs
24:31	chw4			was broken down	0	Alternate translation: “had fallen down”
24:32	u9za			received instruction	0	Alternate translation: “learned a lesson”
24:34	d7gx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	and poverty comes	0	This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
24:34	v85w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	poverty comes marching upon you	0	Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
24:34	zx1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	your needs like an armed soldier	0	Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
25:intro	l94s				0	# Proverbs 25 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
25:2	x2ec			to conceal a matter	0	Alternate translation: “to keep some things secret”
25:2	cj4p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	but the glory	0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
25:2	dg6e			search it out	0	Alternate translation: “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed”
25:3	jtp4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable	0	The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:3	b947			heavens	0	This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
25:4	jgm1			dross	0	the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal
25:5	vvu5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his throne will be established by doing	0	The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:7	w69g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than	0	Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:7	qf2z			before a nobleman	0	Alternate translation: “in front of a nobleman”
25:8	t9ug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame?	0	This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:9	lgk7			your case	0	Alternate translation: “your disagreement”
25:9	c77l			do not disclose another’s secret	0	Alternate translation: “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people”
25:10	fr3g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	an evil report about you that cannot be silenced	0	Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:11	e2ay		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation	0	The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:11	sq35			Apples of gold in settings of silver	0	The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl”
25:11	ptu8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	is a word spoken	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:12	ir54		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear	0	The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:12	i38p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	listening ear	0	The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
25:13	tc4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger	0	Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:13	sxk7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the cold of snow	0	Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:13	v57a			snow	0	white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain
25:13	z9pn			brings back the life of his masters	0	This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.
25:14	hbd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts … not give	0	Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:15	v2wv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	With patience a ruler can be persuaded	0	These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
25:15	eed7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	a soft tongue can break a bone	0	The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:16	dc7b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor		0	# General Information:\n\nVerse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:18	r378		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow	0	A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:19	p8jx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips	0	A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:20	j5q4			carbonate of soda	0	This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.”
25:20	ef6r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	sings songs	0	You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:20	z9sh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a heavy heart	0	The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
25:22	eb7p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	shovel coals of fire on his head	0	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
25:23	xj7i			the north wind	0	In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.”
25:23	z36v			a tongue that tells secrets	0	Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.”
25:23	gn4t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	result in angry faces	0	The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
25:24	siz4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	a corner of the roof	0	Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
25:24	urg5			a quarreling wife	0	a wife who often argues or complains
25:25	p4p8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country	0	Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:26	p3dy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people	0	One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:26	tiq8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	tottering before wicked people	0	Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:26	fe9h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	tottering	0	This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25:26	e13r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	before wicked people	0	This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
25:27	h7jf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor.	0	Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:27	x6in		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	It is not good	0	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
25:27	ea11			that is like searching for honor after honor	0	The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” Alternate translation: “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you”
25:28	gl3p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls.	0	Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
25:28	jh45			breached and without walls	0	Alternate translation: “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed”
26:intro	juh9				0	# Proverbs 26 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
26:1	w8yc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like snow in summer or rain in harvest	0	Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:2	kdg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	so an undeserved curse does not alight	0	A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:2	mf19		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	an undeserved curse	0	This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26:2	t3fg			alight	0	land on someone or something
26:3	v3b7			A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools	0	A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.
26:3	le7r			a bridle is for the donkey	0	A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.
26:3	q1bg			a rod is for the back of fools	0	In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.
26:5	rz54			Answer a fool and join in on his folly	0	Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly”
26:5	q48w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	so he will not become wise in his own eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:6	ang1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool	0	Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:6	ife4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	cuts off his own feet	0	Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
26:6	a1zc		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	drinks violence	0	Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:7	h8yx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like the legs … is a proverb in the mouth of fools	0	The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:7	m6mr			a paralytic	0	a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body
26:7	nq9k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the mouth of fools	0	Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:8	vhn4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	tying a stone in a sling	0	In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:8	fy3g			giving honor to a fool	0	Alternate translation: “honoring a fool”
26:9	l82z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a thorn … is a proverb in the mouth of fools	0	How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:9	z794		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard	0	This could mean: (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
26:9	q3gg		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	in the mouth of fools	0	Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:10	lu8m			hires a fool	0	Alternate translation: “gives a job to a fool”
26:11	dgd2			As a dog returns to his own vomit	0	Alternate translation: “As a dog eats its own vomit”
26:12	cxr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes?	0	This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:12	n43z			There is more hope for a fool than for him	0	Alternate translation: “A fool can become wise more easily than he can”
26:13	y1yv			The lazy person says, “There is a lion … between the open places!”	0	The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places.
26:13	xyz8			There is a lion on the road	0	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 22:13](../22/13.md).
26:13	ufn8			the open places	0	This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets”
26:14	bfi2			hinges	0	metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close
26:14	uv1d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed	0	Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:15	j4ce			puts his hand into the dish	0	Alternate translation: “puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food”
26:15	x6us		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth	0	This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
26:16	e6pb		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men	0	The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:17	xh36		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own	0	This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:17	z69e		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog	0	The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:17	ul2w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own	0	The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:19	kd8e			the one who deceives	0	Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it.
26:19	g1qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Was I not telling a joke?	0	The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:20	ivv3			gossiper	0	a person who gossips a lot
26:21	l2ug		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire	0	What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:21	ud8h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	kindling strife	0	To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:22	ye74		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels	0	This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:22	rb3s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they go down into the inner parts of the body	0	This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to [Proverbs 18:8](../18/08.md). Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:23	i9mz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart	0	This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
26:23	ky5d			the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel	0	“the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive.
26:23	u5wy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	so are burning lips and an evil heart	0	This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
26:23	s94p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	burning lips	0	The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:23	p5hf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	an evil heart	0	The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:24	rhg2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	disguises his feelings with his lips	0	Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
26:24	qu8b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he lays up deceit within himself	0	Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:25	f4gf			but do not believe him	0	Alternate translation: “but do not believe what he says”
26:25	q7ln		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	for there are seven abominations in his heart	0	The number seven represents completeness. This could mean: (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:26	iv6j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Though his hatred is covered with deception	0	This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26:26	d99d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Though his hatred is covered with deception	0	Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:26	slh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly	0	Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
26:26	d2jn			the assembly	0	Alternate translation: “the community of Israel”
26:27	sg61		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Whoever digs a pit will fall into it	0	It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:27	nj1w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it	0	It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
26:28	wvw9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	A lying tongue hates the people it crushes	0	The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
26:28	dfi2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	a flattering mouth brings about ruin	0	The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. This could mean: (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
26:28	qp8a			flattering	0	praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true
27:intro	ec7g				0	# Proverbs 27 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
27:1	f85w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Do not boast about tomorrow	0	This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:1	t368		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	what a day may bring	0	Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:2	cyj6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	and not your own mouth … and not your own lips	0	The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
27:2	jhl7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	a stranger	0	The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
27:3	snl3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the provocation of a fool is heavier than both	0	The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:3	hs8d			the provocation of a fool	0	“the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation.
27:4	j57v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy?	0	The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
27:4	l3ui			cruelty	0	Alternate translation: “harshness”
27:4	srl1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the flood of anger	0	“the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:4	nh38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	but who is able to stand before jealousy?	0	This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
27:4	inj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	to stand before jealousy	0	Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:5	yva8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Better is an open rebuke	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **rebuke**, you could express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
27:5	pz3x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	than hidden love	0	“than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **love**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
27:6	d5v5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	0	“The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:6	uw1k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend	0	The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27:6	wzd4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	but an enemy may kiss you profusely	0	It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:6	d2u7			profusely	0	Alternate translation: “abundantly” or “too many times”
27:7	diy7			A person who has eaten to the full	0	Alternate translation: “A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full”
27:7	v4fr			rejects even a honeycomb	0	A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.
27:7	aj75			every bitter thing is sweet	0	Alternate translation: “everything that is bitter tastes sweet”
27:8	tmr6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives	0	The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
27:9	p2m8			Perfume	0	The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment.
27:9	zj6k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make the heart rejoice	0	Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27:9	fa3b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel	0	This could mean: (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:10	c6gz			your brother’s house	0	Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
27:10	zin1			calamity	0	extreme troubles and misfortune
27:11	v2t7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	make my heart rejoice	0	Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27:11	sv31		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me	0	Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:11	gm95			mocks	0	makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way
27:12	y47t			A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it	0	See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 22:3](../22/03.md).
27:12	jm89			A prudent man	0	Alternate translation: “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense”
27:12	j5th			the naive people	0	Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature people”
27:12	bv11			suffer	0	experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships
27:13	l1r3		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger	0	When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:13	q6ci		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	who has put up security	0	This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
27:13	gvg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	hold it in pledge	0	To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
27:14	xjs1			Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing	0	Alternate translation: “If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing”
27:14	z5ga		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	that blessing will be considered to be a curse	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
27:15	bh2v			quarreling	0	This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.
27:15	caj9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the constant dripping	0	The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:15	ldj6			a rainy day	0	Alternate translation: “a day of continual rain”
27:16	e46j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand	0	The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:16	tfg7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	restraining her	0	“holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:16	z86v			restraining the wind	0	Alternate translation: “holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control”
27:17	w3va		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend.	0	These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
27:18	gbr2			who tends	0	Alternate translation: “who takes care of”
27:18	d71d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one who protects his master will be honored	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
27:19	z68a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a person’s heart	0	Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27:20	nv5h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Abaddon	0	This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
27:20	c28l			are never satisfied	0	Alternate translation: “are never filled up”
27:20	q6ud		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a man’s eyes	0	Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27:21	c4r4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold	0	This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:21	eg8j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	crucible	0	a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
27:21	eza1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	furnace	0	an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
27:21	b7qd		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a person is tested when he is praised	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
27:22	m5zv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Even if you crush a fool … yet his foolishness will not leave him	0	This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
27:22	ir3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	pestle	0	a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
27:23	ixh6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds	0	These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
27:23	de7k			your flocks	0	Alternate translation: “flocks of sheep”
27:23	b9bu			your herds	0	Alternate translation: “herds of goats”
27:24	v1t6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Does a crown endure for all generations?	0	This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
27:24	gu92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	a crown	0	Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
27:25	n1ai			the new growth appears	0	Alternate translation: “the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow”
27:26	ra5w			Connecting Statement:	0	# Connecting Statement:\n\nVerses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.
27:26	dar8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Those lambs will provide your clothing	0	The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:26	j2vp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the goats will provide the price of the field	0	The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:27	q28m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	nourishment for your servant girls	0	The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
27:27	xjw4			nourishment	0	Alternate translation: “food”
28:intro	g91u				0	# Proverbs 28 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
28:2	b4c7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Because of the transgression of a land	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:2	qks4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the transgression of a land	0	This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28:2	ivf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	with a man of understanding and knowledge	0	The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:3	tx2c			who oppresses	0	Alternate translation: “who severely mistreats”
28:3	pb4k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	like a beating rain that leaves no food	0	The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
28:3	p9vx		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	beating rain	0	This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:4	z1ah			forsake the law	0	Alternate translation: “forsake God’s law”
28:4	j98f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who keep the law	0	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:4	whf7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	fight against them	0	“struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:5	pi7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	Evil men	0	Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
28:5	t38q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	do not understand justice	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:5	k5mh		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	those who seek Yahweh	0	Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:5	ru6t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	understand everything	0	The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
28:6	q4ty			It is better for a poor person … than for a rich person	0	Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person”
28:6	pfi9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walks in his integrity	0	This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:6	jdf4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who is crooked in his ways	0	Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:7	b5pv		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	He who keeps the law	0	To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:7	h42h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	a son who has understanding	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:7	rh6n			of gluttons	0	“of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively.
28:7	q9hm			shames his father	0	Alternate translation: “puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father”
28:8	uef7			makes his fortune	0	Alternate translation: “increases his wealth”
28:8	i36g			charging too much interest	0	Alternate translation: “charging extra money to borrow”
28:8	tj5f			interest	0	money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else’s money
28:8	xz6i			gathers his wealth	0	Alternate translation: “brings his wealth together”
28:8	e1qz			for another	0	Alternate translation: “for another person”
28:8	s7xf			pity	0	a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone
28:9	w428			If one	0	Alternate translation: “If a person”
28:9	s7cf		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	turns away his ear from hearing the law	0	This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
28:9	ztw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	even his prayer is detestable	0	“even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:9	a3bi			detestable	0	See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
28:10	hgy2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way	0	This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:10	pv8z			Whoever misleads … evil way will fall	0	Alternate translation: “If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall”
28:10	m6rz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the upright	0	This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
28:10	tw7h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will fall into his own pit	0	“will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:10	yg55		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the blameless	0	This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
28:10	w756			will have a good inheritance	0	Alternate translation: “will inherit what is good”
28:11	eg7v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	be wise in his own eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:11	pj9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	who has understanding	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:11	ynr5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	will find him out	0	This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:12	qew3			When the righteous triumph	0	Alternate translation: “When righteous people succeed”
28:12	zkn5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	when the wicked arise	0	This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:12	emq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the wicked	0	This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
28:12	g949		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	people are sought out	0	You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:13	h8gm		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	hides his sins	0	“covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:13	e7kw			will not prosper	0	Alternate translation: “will not succeed” or “will not advance”
28:13	m9fz		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:14	nh5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The one who always lives with reverence is blessed	0	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:14	ffn2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	lives with reverence	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **reverence**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:14	ijf7			reverence	0	This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.
28:14	ymm8			whoever hardens his heart	0	Alternate translation: “the one who hardens his heart”
28:14	ebu1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	hardens his heart	0	This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:14	l7ee		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will fall into trouble	0	This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:15	z8ti		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people	0	Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
28:15	x5l1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	a charging bear	0	A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
28:16	et9j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The ruler who lacks understanding	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:16	az95			oppressor	0	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
28:16	lv7n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the one who hates dishonesty	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **dishonesty**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:16	eae9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	prolong his days	0	This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:17	rm8g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	he has shed someone’s blood	0	Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28:17	v592			fugitive	0	a person who is running away to avoid being captured
28:17	iz6w		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	until death	0	“until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:18	nhr1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe	0	This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:18	u4m5			Whoever	0	Alternate translation: “Anyone who”
28:18	f45f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	walks with integrity	0	This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **integrity**, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:18	kvc6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the one whose way is crooked	0	A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:18	x79a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	will suddenly fall	0	What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:19	dlk7			works his land	0	This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.
28:19	uq9z			whoever follows	0	Alternate translation: “anyone who follows”
28:19	t64p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	follows worthless pursuits	0	“chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:19	b8y8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	will have plenty of poverty	0	The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:20	ix4q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished	0	The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:20	nt6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	the one who gets rich quickly	0	The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
28:21	kg9c		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	for a piece of bread a man will do wrong	0	“A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
28:21	phu7			do wrong	0	Alternate translation: “sin”
28:22	v63d			A stingy man	0	“A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money.
28:22	f7a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	hurries after riches	0	The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:22	mz2h		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	poverty will come upon him	0	The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:23	sr8r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **favor**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
28:23	q2x8			Whoever disciplines	0	Alternate translation: “If a person disciplines”
28:23	hi86			disciplines	0	trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior
28:23	k6hl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	flatters him with his tongue	0	The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28:23	l9i1			flatters	0	praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true
28:24	xcp2			Whoever robs	0	Alternate translation: “The one who robs”
28:24	qt94		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	says, “That is no sin,” he	0	This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
28:24	ie7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	the companion of	0	Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:25	e3ce			A greedy man	0	a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs
28:25	bkj4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stirs up conflict	0	The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28:26	pnc4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	One who trusts in his own heart	0	Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
28:26	dyj3			whoever walks	0	Alternate translation: “any person who walks”
28:26	g7hy		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	walks in wisdom	0	This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:27	yhn4			The one	0	Alternate translation: “The person”
28:27	y6e6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	the poor	0	This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
28:27	iwx5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	lack nothing	0	This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
28:27	ykd8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
28:27	cgl4			whoever closes	0	Alternate translation: “anyone who closes”
28:27	x8x1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	closes his eyes to	0	Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
28:28	ku38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	When the wicked arise	0	This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
28:28	xc51		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	people hide themselves	0	This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
28:28	vjp8			perish	0	This could mean: (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.”
28:28	pd87			increase	0	This could mean: (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.”
29:intro	pkl4				0	# Proverbs 29 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
29:1	rl7a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	who stiffens his neck	0	A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:1	nb5z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	will be broken in a moment	0	If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29:1	y5ft		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	beyond healing	0	“and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:2	w7r2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the people sigh	0	The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
29:4	v6du		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	by justice	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:5	x5x6			flatters his neighbor	0	knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do
29:5	udx2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	spreading a net for his feet	0	The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:6	k8iq		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	In the sin of an evil person is a trap	0	When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29:8	g91s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	set a city on fire	0	Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:8	vcu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	turn away wrath	0	This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29:9	el5g			has an argument with	0	Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.”
29:9	tzx7			he rages and laughs	0	The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.
29:9	kn5t			rages	0	This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.
29:9	qmv5			there will be no rest	0	Alternate translation: “they will not be able to settle the problem”
29:10	jbu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	seek the life of	0	This idiom means to “want to kill.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29:12	ui7k			pays attention	0	“listens.” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 17:4](../17/04.md).
29:12	b9es		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	all his officials will be wicked	0	The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:13	f56w			oppressor	0	a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult
29:13	psq6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both	0	This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29:14	x486		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	his throne	0	The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
29:15	ybi8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The rod and reproof give wisdom	0	The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
29:15	p19z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The rod	0	Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
29:15	m43w			reproof	0	When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.
29:16	th5t		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	transgression increases	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **transgression**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:16	ha78		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	the downfall of those wicked people	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **downfall**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:18	s41b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one who keeps the law is blessed	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29:19	kl1y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	A slave will not be corrected by words	0	This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29:20	qfr9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	See a man who is hasty in his words?	0	The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
29:21	k1j6			who pampers his slave	0	Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves”
29:21	qas4			at the end of it	0	Alternate translation: “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown”
29:21	qs95			there will be trouble	0	These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.
29:22	s7ha		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	stirs up strife	0	Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **strife**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in [Proverbs 15:18](../15/18.md). Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:22	ad7m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	a master of rage	0	This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
29:23	z268		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	one who has a humble spirit will be given honor	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29:24	jpz1			hates his own life	0	Alternate translation: “becomes his own enemy”
29:24	ej5k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	he hears the curse and says nothing	0	This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
29:25	t7d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The fear of man makes a snare	0	Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
29:25	k5l2			a snare	0	a trap that catches animals with ropes
29:25	t3gk		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
29:26	sa3k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Many are those who seek the face of the ruler	0	The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
29:26	w96b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	from Yahweh is justice for a person	0	It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **justice**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
29:27	c4s9			detestable	0	a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 3:32](../03/32.md).
30:intro	aud8				0	# Proverbs 30 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### Agur\n\nHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name.\n\n### Three things and four\n\nFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
30:1	u8l9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Agur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal	0	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
30:1	v8qt			Agur son of Jakeh	0	This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.
30:1	ic3d			the utterance	0	Alternate translation: “the message”
30:1	y7qf			to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal	0	Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal”
30:2	n4d9			Surely	0	Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that”
30:2	ij38		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	I do not have the understanding of a human being	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **understanding**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
30:3	ln5f		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **knowledge**, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
30:4	kw1a		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth?	0	The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
30:4	eb1b			heaven	0	where God lives
30:4	bz7z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands	0	The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:4	g4i7			the hollow of his hands	0	the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands”
30:4	l4kf			gathered up	0	brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted
30:4	rce5			has established all the ends of the earth	0	Alternate translation: “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth”
30:4	t7g1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What is his name, and what is the name of his son?	0	The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
30:4	jv39		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	Surely you know!	0	The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
30:5	mna2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is tested	0	Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
30:5	u15z		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	he is a shield to those who take refuge in him	0	The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:6	lu63			add to his words	0	say more than he has said
30:6	e39x		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you will be proved to be	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:8	v3d5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Put vanity and lies far away from me	0	This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:8	jw32			vanity	0	false, useless words
30:8	wk6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Give me neither poverty nor riches	0	The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
30:9	vrk2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if I have too much, I might deny you and say	0	This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
30:9	t24i		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	if I become poor, I might steal and profane	0	This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
30:9	f4ah			I might steal and profane the name of my God	0	Alternate translation: “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing”
30:10	rz4a			slander	0	speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him
30:10	ycc9			he will curse	0	Alternate translation: “the servant will curse”
30:10	u5fu		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	you will be held guilty	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:11	sz6e			a generation that curses … and does not bless	0	Alternate translation: “a generation of people who curse … and do not bless”
30:11	z4bb			generation	0	type or class or group
30:12	h8cq			a generation that is	0	Alternate translation: “a generation of people that are”
30:12	dp6p		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	is pure in their own eyes	0	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:12	re7r		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	they are not washed of their filth	0	The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:12	fyp5			filth	0	This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.
30:13	ey4d		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	eyes are raised up … their eyelids lifted up	0	This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30:14	zca7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor … and the needy	0	The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:14	z22j			jawbones	0	the bones of the face where teeth grow
30:15	yr92		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The leech has two daughters	0	This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:15	ik61			leech	0	a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood
30:15	n8v6				0	Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.” Alternate translation: “Give and give”
30:15	snu6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough”	0	This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
30:15	xlu4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	are never satisfied	0	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
30:16	d8p5		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	land that is never satisfied with water	0	Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
30:17	hr1j		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	scorns obedience to a mother	0	The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
30:17	pr2u			his eyes … the vultures	0	The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.
30:17	l9a8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:17	x3vs			ravens	0	large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals
30:17	sxz9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	he will be eaten by the vultures	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:17	k8je			vultures	0	any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads
30:18	njh2			There are three things that are … four that I do not understand:	0	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:”
30:19	u9rp		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	in the heart of the sea	0	The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:20	h26k		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	she eats and she wipes her mouth	0	This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
30:21	s3e3			Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up	0	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:”
30:22	xv9v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a fool when he is filled with food	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:23	l8m1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	a hated woman when she marries	0	That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
30:23	dwd5			takes the place of her mistress	0	rules the household
30:26	p11p			rock badgers	0	an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail
30:28	l4zb			lizard	0	a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail
30:29	u31f			There are three things that are … four that are stately in how they walk	0	The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are”
30:29	dc44			stately	0	majestic or dignified, like a king
30:31	e3z8			strutting rooster	0	an adult male chicken that walks proudly
30:33	kgm4			churning	0	strongly stirring
30:33	nj7p			butter	0	Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.
31:intro	dd9p				0	# Proverbs 31 General Notes\n\n## Structure and formatting\n\nChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])\n\n### King Lemuel\n\nThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.\n\n## Special concepts in this chapter\n\n### An acrostic poem\n\nVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.\n\n### Themes\n\nThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
31:2	nw5l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows?	0	The rhetorical question **What** could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
31:2	ag7f			my son … son of my womb … son of my vows	0	The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.
31:2	ye5f			son of my womb	0	The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.
31:2	p2hh			son of my vows	0	Here, **vows** could mean: (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God.
31:3	irw8			Do not give your strength to women	0	“Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines.
31:3	tuq5			or your ways to those who destroy kings	0	Alternate translation: “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you”
31:3	j3yt			your ways	0	This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do”
31:3	v8um			those who destroy kings	0	probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength
31:4	s8mw			Lemuel	0	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:1](../31/01.md).
31:5	ex8n		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	what has been decreed	0	This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
31:5	w2jv			pervert the rights of all the afflicted	0	Alternate translation: “deny afflicted people their legal rights”
31:5	y3ds			pervert	0	exchange good for evil
31:5	mdn6			all the afflicted	0	Alternate translation: “all those people whom others wrongfully harm”
31:6	q63s		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	and wine	0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
31:6	i7g7			in bitter distress	0	Alternate translation: “who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery”
31:7	f15v		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his poverty	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **poverty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:7	cb4b		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	his trouble	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **trouble**, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:8	r3tl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Speak for those who cannot speak	0	Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
31:8	mxp7		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	for the causes of all who are perishing	0	The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:8	e1y9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	for the causes	0	The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
31:9	yc2m		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	poor and needy people	0	These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
31:10	ufh2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Who can find a capable wife?	0	The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
31:10	v97s			Her value is far more than jewels	0	Alternate translation: “She is more precious than jewels”
31:11	i7un		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	he will never be poor	0	This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
31:13	usy5			wool	0	sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth
31:13	xs1v			flax	0	a plant whose fiber is used to make linen
31:13	n9qr			with the delight of her hands	0	Possible meanings are that the word **delight** describes: (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with”
31:14	h984			merchant	0	someone who buys and sells
31:15	ry3t			distributes the work for her female servants	0	Alternate translation: “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day”
31:16	fgc9		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fruit of her hands	0	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
31:17	vv53		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	She dresses herself with strength	0	Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
31:17	fn86			makes her arms strong	0	Alternate translation: “she strengthens her arms by doing her work”
31:18	d4np			perceives	0	sees by looking carefully
31:18	jpw6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	all night long her lamp is not extinguished	0	This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
31:19	d3iv			spindle	0	a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread
31:20	en6l		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	reaches out with her hand to poor	0	The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:20	s1we			reaches out with her hands to	0	These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in [Proverbs 31:19](../31/19.md).
31:21	tt96		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	are clothed in scarlet	0	Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:21	ail4			scarlet	0	The color red, but with a hint of orange.
31:22	a3x1			linen	0	cloth made of flax yarn
31:23	ra37		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Her husband is known	0	This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:23	dbz1			when he sits with the elders of the land	0	to make laws and settle arguments
31:24	d6wi			linen	0	cloth made from flax yarn
31:24	ghw5			sashes	0	long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder
31:25	k3bi		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	She is clothed with strength and honor	0	Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:25	a29g		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	laughs at the time to come	0	This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
31:26	lb6q		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	opens her mouth with wisdom	0	The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **wisdom**, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:26	q9jl		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the law of kindness is on her tongue	0	The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:27	uqe6		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	watches over the ways of her household	0	The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
31:27	ynb8		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	does not eat the bread of idleness	0	To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
31:27	j79l			idleness	0	doing nothing and being lazy
31:28	hq5u		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	rise up and	0	This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
31:28	lqv2		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	call her blessed	0	saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
31:29	fl85			you surpassed	0	Alternate translation: “you have done better than”
31:30	e8cj		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Elegance is deceptive	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **elegance**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in [Proverbs 11:16](../11/16.md). (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:30	qcq1		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	beauty is vain	0	If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word **beauty**, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
31:30	k9e4		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	she will be praised	0	This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
31:31	df11		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	the fruit of her hands	0	The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax ([Proverbs 31:13](../31/13.md)) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 31:16](./16.md). Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
31:31	ef6y		rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	let her works praise her in the gates	0	She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])