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| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | 2TI | front | intro | s7fk | 0 | # Introduction to 2 Timothy<br><br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the book of 2 Timothy<br><br>1. Paul greets Timothy and encourages him to endure hardship as he serves God (1:1-2:13).<br>2. Paul gives general instructions to Timothy (2:14–26).<br>3. Paul warns Timothy about future events and instructs him about how to carry out his service to God (3:1-4:8).<br>4. Paul makes personal remarks (4:9-24).<br><br>### Who wrote the book of 2 Timothy?<br><br>Paul wrote 2 Timothy. He was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>This book is the second letter Paul wrote to Timothy. Timothy was his disciple and close friend. Paul wrote this letter while in prison in Rome. Paul would die soon after writing this letter.<br><br>### What is the book of 2 Timothy about?<br><br>Paul had left Timothy in the city of Ephesus to help the believers there. Paul wrote this letter to instruct Timothy about various matters. The topics he addressed include warnings about false teachers and advice about enduring difficult situations. This letter also shows how Paul was training Timothy to be a leader among the churches.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “2 Timothy” or “Second Timothy.” Or they may choose a different title, such as “Paul’s Second Letter to Timothy” or “The Second Letter to Timothy.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What is the soldier imagery in 2 Timothy?<br><br>As Paul waited in prison, knowing he would die soon, he spoke of being a soldier of Jesus Christ. Soldiers answer to their leaders. In the same way, Christians answer to Jesus. As “soldiers” of Christ, believers are to obey his commands, even if they die as a result.<br><br>### What does it mean that God inspired Scripture?<br><br>God is the true author of Scripture. He inspired the human authors who wrote the books. That means God in some way caused the people to write what they wrote. This is why the Bible is also referred to as God’s word. This implies several things about it. First, the Bible is free from error and can be trusted. Second, we can rely on God to protect the Scripture from those who want to distort it or destroy it. Third, God’s word should be translated into all the world’s languages.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### Singular and plural “you”<br><br>In this book, the word “I” refers to Paul. Here the word “you” is almost always singular and refers to Timothy. The exception to this is 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expressions “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. Please see the introduction to the book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major textual issues in the text of the book of 2 Timothy?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. The ULT text has the modern reading and puts the older reading in a footnote. If a translation of the Bible already exists in their general region, translators should consider using the reading found in those versions. If not, translators are advised to follow the modern reading.<br><br>* “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher” (1:11). Some older versions read, “Because of this, I was appointed a preacher, an apostle, and a teacher to the Gentiles.”<br>* “Warn them before God” (2:14). Some older versions read, “Warn them before the Lord.”<br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]]) | |||
| 3 | 2TI | 1 | intro | p5lf | 0 | # 2 Timothy 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul formally introduces this letter in verses 1-2. Writers often began letters in this way in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Spiritual children<br><br>Paul discipled Timothy as a Christian and a church leader. Paul may also have led him to believe in Christ. Therefore, Paul calls Timothy “beloved child.” (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/disciple]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Persecution<br>Paul was in prison when he wrote this letter. Paul encourages Timothy to be willing to suffer for the gospel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |||
| 4 | 2TI | 1 | 1 | p001 | translate-names | Παῦλος | 1 | Paul | This is the name of a man, the author of the letter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 5 | 2TI | 1 | 1 | ha4l | Παῦλος | 1 | Paul | Your language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. If so, you can use it in your translation. | |
| 6 | 2TI | 1 | 1 | vl2g | διὰ θελήματος Θεοῦ | 1 | through the will of God | Paul became an apostle because God wanted him to be an apostle. Alternate translation: “because of God’s will” or “because God wanted it to be so” | |
| 7 | 2TI | 1 | 1 | e1lg | κατ’ | 1 | according to | This could mean one of two things. (1) God appointed Paul to tell others about the promise of life in Jesus. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of” (2) Paul became an apostle because he himself received the promise of life in Jesus. Alternate translation: “as a result of” | |
| 8 | 2TI | 1 | 1 | m9kv | figs-metaphor | ζωῆς τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | life that is in Christ Jesus | Paul speaks of **life** as if it were an object inside of Jesus. This refers to the life people receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus. Alternate translation: “of the life that we receive as a result of belonging to Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 9 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | p002 | translate-names | Τιμοθέῳ | 1 | Timothy | This is the name of a man, the person to whom this letter is written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 10 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | rp5u | Τιμοθέῳ | 1 | Timothy | Your language may have a particular way of introducing the person who receives a letter. If so, you can use it in your translation. | |
| 11 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | ey7g | figs-metaphor | ἀγαπητῷ τέκνῳ | 1 | my beloved child | Here, **child** is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Timothy to Christ, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “my dear child” or “my child whom I love” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 12 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | w43q | χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη, ἀπὸ | 1 | Grace, mercy, and peace from | The letter starts with the name of the author and person who is receiving it. Then Paul adds a blessing to Timothy, the person who is receiving it. Alternate translation: “may you experience kindness, mercy, and peace within you from” or “I pray that you will have grace, mercy, and peace from” | |
| 13 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | p003 | figs-abstractnouns | χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη | 1 | Grace, mercy, and peace | Paul’s blessing to Timothy includes these three abstract nouns. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with verbs. If so, you can use them in your translation. Alternate translation: “act kindly, show mercy, and give peace” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 14 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | ub7c | guidelines-sonofgodprinciples | Θεοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ | 1 | God the Father and | This is an important title for God. Paul could be referring to God here as (1) the Father of Christ, or (2) the Father of believers. Alternate translation: “God, who is the Father, and” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]]) |
| 15 | 2TI | 1 | 2 | dcr3 | figs-inclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | In this book, unless otherwise noted, the words **we**, **us**, and **our** refer to Paul (the writer of this letter), Timothy (the one to whom this letter is written), and, by extension, all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) |
| 16 | 2TI | 1 | 3 | p004 | figs-abstractnouns | χάριν ἔχω τῷ Θεῷ | 1 | I have gratitude to God | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **gratitude** with a verb or an adjective. Alternative translation: “I thank God” or “I am thankful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 17 | 2TI | 1 | 3 | tvb7 | figs-idiom | ᾧ λατρεύω ἀπὸ προγόνων | 1 | whom I serve from my ancestors | This is an idiom that means that Paul serves God the way his **ancestors** did. Alternate translation: “whom I serve as my ancestors did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 18 | 2TI | 1 | 3 | ha9d | figs-metaphor | ἐν καθαρᾷ συνειδήσει | 1 | with a clean conscience | Paul speaks of his conscience as if it could be physically clean. A person with a **clean conscience** does not feel guilty because he has always tried to do what was right. Alternate translation: “knowing I have tried my hardest to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 19 | 2TI | 1 | 3 | rz7s | figs-abstractnouns | ὡς ἀδιάλειπτον ἔχω τὴν περὶ σοῦ μνείαν | 1 | as I have constant remembrance of you in my prayers night and day | Paul speaks of the action of remembering by using the abstract noun **remembrance**. Your language may have a particular way of expressing this concept, such as with a verb. If so, you can use it in your translation. Alternative translation: “as I think about you constantly in my prayers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 20 | 2TI | 1 | 3 | p005 | figs-yousingular | σοῦ | 1 | you | The word **you** is singular here and throughout the book, since Paul is addressing Timothy. A note will discuss the one exception in 4:22. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-yousingular]]) |
| 21 | 2TI | 1 | 3 | pa6q | figs-merism | νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας | 1 | night and day | Here, **night and day** are used together to refer to all the time included in the night and day. Alternate translation: “always” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 22 | 2TI | 1 | 4 | p006 | figs-explicit | μεμνημένος σου τῶν δακρύων | 1 | remembering your tears | The implication is that Paul remembers how Timothy cried as Paul left the last time they were together. Alternate translation: “I remember how you cried when I left you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 23 | 2TI | 1 | 4 | kk82 | figs-metonymy | σου τῶν δακρύων | 1 | your tears | Here, **your tears** refers to the act of Timothy’s crying. Alternate translation: “that you cried” or “your crying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 24 | 2TI | 1 | 4 | gu8c | figs-metaphor | χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ | 1 | I may be filled with joy | Paul speaks of himself as if he were a container that someone could **fill**. Alternate translation: “I may be very joyful” or “I may rejoice a lot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 25 | 2TI | 1 | 4 | p007 | figs-activepassive | χαρᾶς πληρωθῶ | 1 | I may be filled with joy | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “joy may fill me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 26 | 2TI | 1 | 5 | buc3 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως | 1 | of the genuine faith in you | Paul refers to Timothy’s **faith** with an abstract noun. Your language may have a particular way of expressing this concept, such as with a verb. If so, you can use it in your translation. Alternate translation: “that you genuinely believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 27 | 2TI | 1 | 5 | p008 | figs-metaphor | τῆς ἐν σοὶ ἀνυποκρίτου πίστεως | 1 | the genuine faith in you | Paul speaks of **faith** as if it were an object inside of Timothy. Alternate translation: “your genuine faith” or “your faith that is genuine” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 28 | 2TI | 1 | 5 | vgz2 | figs-personification | πίστεως, ἥτις ἐνῴκησεν πρῶτον ἐν τῇ μάμμῃ σου, Λωΐδι, καὶ τῇ μητρί σου, Εὐνίκῃ; πέπεισμαι δὲ ὅτι καὶ ἐν σοί | 1 | faith, which dwelt first in your grandmother Lois and your mother Eunice, and I am convinced that it is also in you | Paul is speaking of their **faith** as if it were something that was alive and lived in them. Alternate translation: “faith. Lois, your grandmother, and then Eunice, your mother, had this genuine faith in God, and now I am confident that you have this same genuine faith as well” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 29 | 2TI | 1 | 5 | l8wc | translate-names | Λωΐδι | 1 | Lois | This is the name of a woman, Timothy’s grandmother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 30 | 2TI | 1 | 5 | p009 | translate-names | Εὐνίκῃ | 1 | Eunice | This is the name of a woman, Timothy’s mother. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 31 | 2TI | 1 | 6 | j58k | δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν | 1 | for which reason | Paul writes that the **reason** for asking Timothy to rekindle his gift is that he is confident of Timothy’s faith. Alternative translation: “for this reason” or “because of your faith in Jesus” | |
| 32 | 2TI | 1 | 6 | h6eq | figs-metaphor | ἀναζωπυρεῖν τὸ χάρισμα | 1 | rekindle the gift | Paul speaks about Timothy’s need to start using his **gift** again as if he were restarting a fire. Alternate translation: “be eager once more to use the gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 33 | 2TI | 1 | 6 | i977 | translate-symaction | τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου | 1 | the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands | Paul placed his **hands** on Timothy and prayed that God would give him power from God’s Spirit to enable him to do the work that God had called him to do. Then Timothy received the gift. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I prayed for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]]) |
| 34 | 2TI | 1 | 6 | p010 | figs-metaphor | τὸ χάρισμα τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἐν σοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν μου | 1 | the gift of God that is in you through the laying on of my hands | Paul speaks of **the gift** as an object inside of Timothy. If the words **that is in you** do not clearly communicate in your language that Timothy received the gift, you could translate it with a verb that expressing the idea of giving or receiving. Alternative translation: “the gift of God that you received when I laid my hands on you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 35 | 2TI | 1 | 7 | h1z3 | οὐ…ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα δειλίας, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ | 1 | God did not give us a spirit of fear, but of power, and of love, and of discipline | This could mean one of two things. (1) **Spirit** could refer to the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: “God’s Holy Spirit does not cause us to be afraid. He causes us to have power and love and discipline” (2) **Spirit** could refer to the character of a human being. Alternate translation: “God does not cause us to be afraid but to have power and love and discipline” | |
| 36 | 2TI | 1 | 7 | p011 | figs-abstractnouns | δυνάμεως, καὶ ἀγάπης, καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ | 1 | of power, and of love, and of discipline | Paul uses abstract nouns to refer to three things that Timothy should be able to do. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with verbs. If so, you can use them in your translation. Alternate translation: “that gives us the ability to obey, to love, and to control ourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 37 | 2TI | 1 | 7 | k6g7 | σωφρονισμοῦ | 1 | discipline | The word **discipline** could mean one of two things. (1) **Discipline** could refer to self-control. Alternate translation: “the ability to control ourselves” (2) **Discipline** could refer to the power to control or even correct others. Alternate translation: “to control others” | |
| 38 | 2TI | 1 | 8 | fk9z | figs-metonymy | τὸ μαρτύριον | 1 | the testimony | Paul may be using the word **testimony** to refer to the activity of telling others about the Lord and not to the message itself. Alternative translation: “of testifying” or “of telling others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 39 | 2TI | 1 | 8 | blk9 | τὸν δέσμιον αὐτοῦ | 1 | his prisoner | Paul is not being held **prisoner** by the Lord. He is a prisoner because he has testified about the Lord. Alternative translation: “a prisoner for his sake” or “a prisoner for the Lord” | |
| 40 | 2TI | 1 | 8 | ry82 | συνκακοπάθησον τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ | 1 | suffer together for the gospel | The term **together** could mean one of two things. (1) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with Paul. (2) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with all Christians who suffer. | |
| 41 | 2TI | 1 | 8 | hi9a | τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ, κατὰ δύναμιν Θεοῦ | 1 | the gospel, according to the power of God | Paul is reminding Timothy that God provides people with **power** when they suffer. Alternate translation: “the gospel, allowing God to make you strong” | |
| 42 | 2TI | 1 | 9 | ld55 | figs-metonymy | καλέσαντος κλήσει ἁγίᾳ | 1 | called us with a holy calling | Paul uses the expression **with a holy calling** to describe what results from the calling. The call produces holy people or people set apart for God. Alternate translation: “called with a calling that set us apart as holy” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 43 | 2TI | 1 | 9 | kyr5 | ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν | 1 | but according to his own purpose and grace | Paul is saying that God saves because of his plan and **grace**. His plan includes showing grace or kindness through Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “but because he planned to show us kindness” | |
| 44 | 2TI | 1 | 9 | p012 | figs-activepassive | καὶ χάριν, τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “and grace, which God gave to us in Christ Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 45 | 2TI | 1 | 9 | pq1z | ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | in Christ Jesus | Paul explains that God planned to show kindness through faith **in Jesus Christ**. Alternate translation: “through our relationship to Christ Jesus” | |
| 46 | 2TI | 1 | 9 | zq7m | figs-idiom | πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων | 1 | before eternal times | This is an idiom that indicates that God decided to save through faith in Christ before time and creation. Alternate translation: “before time began” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 47 | 2TI | 1 | 10 | h5e5 | figs-metaphor | φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν, διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | and which now has been revealed through the appearing of our Savior, Christ Jesus | Paul speaks of salvation as if it were an object that could be uncovered and shown to people through the arrival of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “which now has been shown” or “which now people can see” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 48 | 2TI | 1 | 10 | p013 | figs-activepassive | φανερωθεῖσαν δὲ νῦν | 1 | and which now has been revealed | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “which now God has revealed” or “which now God has shown” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 49 | 2TI | 1 | 10 | i3wl | figs-metaphor | φωτίσαντος δὲ ζωὴν καὶ ἀφθαρσίαν διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου | 1 | brought to light life and immortality through the gospel | Paul refers to **life and immortality** as if they were objects that could be brought from darkness into light so that people could see them. He is figuratively speaking of revealing or making known. Alternate translation: “revealed life and immortality through the gospel” or “declared life and immortality through the gospel” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 50 | 2TI | 1 | 11 | tb9b | figs-activepassive | ἐτέθην ἐγὼ κῆρυξ | 1 | I was appointed a herald | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God chose me to be a herald” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 51 | 2TI | 1 | 11 | p014 | translate-unknown | κῆρυξ | 1 | a herald | A **herald** is someone who is sent out to announce a message. If your language does not have a similar term and your readers would not know what a **herald** is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “a messenger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 52 | 2TI | 1 | 11 | p015 | figs-metaphor | κῆρυξ | 1 | a herald | Paul compares himself to a **herald** because God has sent him out to announce the gospel message. Alternate translation: “a preacher” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 53 | 2TI | 1 | 12 | j37g | δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν | 1 | for which reason | Paul provides the **reason** for his suffering by referring back to his status as an apostle. Alternate translation: “because I am an apostle” | |
| 54 | 2TI | 1 | 12 | y8l4 | figs-explicit | καὶ ταῦτα πάσχω | 1 | I also suffer also these things | Paul does not mention the specific **things** he is **suffering**, but from the context of the letter, the implication is that he is referring to suffering as a prisoner. Alternate translation: “I also suffer as a prisoner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 55 | 2TI | 1 | 12 | td39 | πέπεισμαι | 1 | I am persuaded | Paul expresses that he is certain that God will make everything right in the end. Alternate translation: “I am sure” | |
| 56 | 2TI | 1 | 12 | p6pi | figs-metaphor | τὴν παραθήκην μου φυλάξαι | 1 | to guard my deposit | Paul is using a metaphor of a person leaving something with another person who is supposed to protect it until he gives it back to the first person. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul is trusting Jesus to help him remain faithful. Alternate translation: “to help me keep preaching his message” (2) Paul is trusting Jesus to preserve everything he has entrusted to him. Alternate translation: “to protect everything I have invested in serving him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 57 | 2TI | 1 | 12 | qcu3 | figs-explicit | ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν | 1 | that day | This refers to the **day** when Jesus returns for judgment. Alternate translation: “the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 58 | 2TI | 1 | 13 | h1qd | figs-metonymy | ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | 1 | the healthy words | Paul wants Timothy to teach the things that he taught and thereby follow his example. The expression **the healthy words** figuratively means “the correct message” by association, since a healthy mind would recognize that the correct message was reasonable. Alternate translation: “the correct message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 59 | 2TI | 1 | 13 | p016 | figs-metonymy | ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | 1 | the healthy words | Paul uses the term **words** figuratively to describe the expression in words of what Christians genuinely believe. Alternate translation: “the correct message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 60 | 2TI | 1 | 13 | p017 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus | Paul uses two abstract nouns, **faith** and **love**, to refer to actions that Timothy should do. Your language may have a particular way of expressing these concepts, such as with a verb. If so, you can use it in your translation. Alternate translation: “trusting in Christ Jesus and loving others because you belong to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 61 | 2TI | 1 | 13 | b2ld | ἐν πίστει καὶ ἀγάπῃ τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus | Here, **love** could mean one of two things. (1) The love that Timothy should show others. Alternate translation: “trusting in Christ Jesus and loving others because you belong to him” (2) The love that Timothy should show to God. Alternate translation: “trusting in Christ Jesus and loving him” | |
| 62 | 2TI | 1 | 14 | i5g5 | figs-explicit | τὴν καλὴν παραθήκην φύλαξον | 1 | Guard the good deposit | This refers to the gospel message that God has entrusted to Timothy to share with his people. Alternate translation: “the good message entrusted to you for God’s people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 63 | 2TI | 1 | 14 | cb5q | figs-explicit | φύλαξον | 1 | guard | Timothy needs to be alert to protect the gospel message because people will oppose him and try to distort what he says and teaches. Alternate translation: “protect … against those who will try to distort it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 64 | 2TI | 1 | 14 | a3v2 | διὰ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου | 1 | through the Holy Spirit | Paul reminds Timothy that the Holy Spirit will help him. Alternate translation: “with the Holy Spirit’s help” | |
| 65 | 2TI | 1 | 15 | p018 | figs-hyperbole | πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ | 1 | all who are in Asia | The word **all** could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could have used the word **all** to mean “many, but not all” in the strict sense, since Timothy and Onesiphorus did not turn away from him. So this would be an example of hyperbole. (2) Paul could have used the word **all** to refer to the men who came to Rome with him from Asia Minor. Alternate translation: “all who came with me from Asia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 66 | 2TI | 1 | 15 | p019 | translate-names | Ἀσίᾳ | 1 | Asia | This is the name of a region, Asia Minor or modern-day Turkey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 67 | 2TI | 1 | 15 | p6f4 | figs-metaphor | ἀπεστράφησάν με | 1 | turned away from me | This is a metaphor that means they left Paul and stopped helping him. Alternate translation: “have deserted me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 68 | 2TI | 1 | 15 | p020 | figs-explicit | ἀπεστράφησάν με | 1 | turned away from me | Paul assumes that Timothy would know that the believers from Asia had abandoned him because the authorities had thrown him into prison. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “have deserted me because I am in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 69 | 2TI | 1 | 15 | x6cc | translate-names | Φύγελος | 1 | Phygelus | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 70 | 2TI | 1 | 15 | p021 | translate-names | Ἑρμογένης | 1 | Hermogenes | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 71 | 2TI | 1 | 16 | e6hl | translate-names | Ὀνησιφόρου | 1 | Onesiphorus | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 72 | 2TI | 1 | 16 | zz44 | figs-metonymy | τῷ Ὀνησιφόρου οἴκῳ | 1 | to the household of Onesiphorus | The word **household** refers to **Onesiphorus** and all the people in his family, possibly even his servants. Alternate translation: “to Onesiphorus and everyone who lives with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 73 | 2TI | 1 | 16 | td1q | figs-metonymy | τὴν ἅλυσίν μου οὐκ ἐπησχύνθη | 1 | not ashamed of my chain | The word **chain** refers to being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. Alternate translation: “was not ashamed of my imprisonment” or “was not ashamed of my being in prison” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 74 | 2TI | 1 | 17 | p022 | translate-names | Ῥώμῃ | 1 | Rome | This is the name of a city, the capital of the Roman Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 75 | 2TI | 1 | 17 | p023 | figs-hendiadys | ἐζήτησέν με καὶ εὗρεν | 1 | sought me and found | The two actions, **sought** and **found**, are not two separate actions, but they express the single idea that Onesiphorus diligently did something to completion. Alternate translation: “he sought me until he found me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 76 | 2TI | 1 | 18 | p3di | δῴη αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος, εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου | 1 | May the Lord grant to him to find mercy from the Lord | Paul is asking for the Lord to **grant mercy** to Onesiphorus. Your language may require you to use the name “Onesiphorus” instead of the pronoun **him** to make it clear who is receiving mercy. Alternative translation: “May Onesiphorus receive mercy from the Lord” | |
| 77 | 2TI | 1 | 18 | x2dk | figs-metaphor | εὑρεῖν ἔλεος παρὰ Κυρίου | 1 | to find mercy from the Lord | Paul speaks of **mercy** as if it were an object that could be found. Paul is expressing his desire that God show **mercy** on the day of judgment. Alternate translation: “to receive mercy from the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 78 | 2TI | 1 | 18 | f3ep | figs-explicit | ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | in that day | The expression **that day** refers to the day when God will judge all people; they will find mercy, as Paul mentions, or wrath. Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 79 | 2TI | 1 | 18 | p024 | translate-names | Ἐφέσῳ | 1 | Ephesus | This is the name of a city, the place where Timothy, the recipient of the letter, is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 80 | 2TI | 1 | 18 | p025 | figs-explicit | διηκόνησεν, βέλτιον σὺ γινώσκεις | 1 | he served me, you know very well | Paul is reminding Timothy that Onesiphorus helped him earlier, in Ephesus. So, Paul is asking the Lord to bless Onesiphorus because he helped Paul several times. Alternate translation: “you know well how he helped me earlier when I was in Ephesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 81 | 2TI | 2 | intro | k3zn | 0 | # 2 Timothy 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In verses 11b-13, Paul may be quoting a poem or hymn. To show the reader that this may be a quotation, in your translation you may choose to set these verses farther to the right than the other verses in the chapter.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### We will reign with him<br>Faithful Christians will reign with Christ in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Analogies<br>In this chapter, Paul makes several analogies to teach about living as a Christian. He uses analogies of soldiers, athletes, and farmers. Later in the chapter, he uses the analogy of different kinds of containers in a house. | |||
| 82 | 2TI | 2 | 1 | bll5 | figs-metaphor | τέκνον μου | 1 | my child | Here, **child** is a term of great love and approval. It is also likely that Paul introduced Timothy to Christ, and so this is why Paul considered him like his own child. Alternate translation: “who is like my child” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 83 | 2TI | 2 | 1 | p026 | figs-activepassive | ἐνδυναμοῦ | 1 | be strengthened | You could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “let God make you strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 84 | 2TI | 2 | 1 | e6ex | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν τῇ χάριτι τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | in the grace that is in Christ Jesus | Paul wants Timothy to experience the strength that God provides through his **grace** or kindness and that believers experience through knowing Jesus Christ. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **grace** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “as Christ Jesus shows you kindness through your relationship to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 85 | 2TI | 2 | 2 | ig9v | figs-explicit | διὰ πολλῶν μαρτύρων | 1 | in the presence of many witnesses | Paul is referring to teaching in a public setting with others present. The implication is that those others could testify as to what he taught. Alternate translation: “in the presence of people who can testify to what I said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 86 | 2TI | 2 | 2 | kv1m | figs-metaphor | ταῦτα παράθου πιστοῖς ἀνθρώποις | 1 | entrust these things to faithful men | Paul speaks of his instructions to Timothy as if they were objects that Timothy could give to other people and trust them to use correctly. Alternate translation: “commit them” or “teach them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 87 | 2TI | 2 | 2 | p027 | figs-gendernotations | ἀνθρώποις | 1 | men | Paul uses the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 88 | 2TI | 2 | 3 | yc1j | figs-explicit | συνκακοπάθησον | 1 | suffer together | The term **together** could mean one of two things. (1) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with Paul. Alternate translation: “suffer together with me” (2) It could mean for Timothy to suffer together with all Christians who suffer. Alternate translation: “suffer together with all believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 89 | 2TI | 2 | 3 | juu2 | figs-metaphor | ὡς καλὸς στρατιώτης Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | as a good soldier of Jesus Christ | Paul compares suffering for Christ Jesus to the suffering that a good soldier endures. Alternate translation: “as if you were a soldier and Jesus Christ were your commander” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 90 | 2TI | 2 | 4 | a4x7 | figs-metaphor | οὐδεὶς στρατευόμενος ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις | 1 | No one serving as a soldier gets entangled in the affairs of life | To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of a soldier who has to decide between pleasing his leader or pleasing those outside the army. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this. Alternate translation: “consider that no dedicated soldier allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 91 | 2TI | 2 | 4 | p7n5 | figs-metaphor | ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις | 1 | gets entangled in the affairs of life | Paul speaks of being involved in other matters as if they were a net that trapped people and kept them from being able to move freely. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 92 | 2TI | 2 | 4 | p028 | figs-activepassive | ἐμπλέκεται ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις | 1 | gets entangled in the affairs of life | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “allows the affairs of life to distract him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 93 | 2TI | 2 | 4 | p029 | figs-explicit | ταῖς τοῦ βίου πραγματίαις | 1 | the affairs of life | By **life**, Paul means, in the context of this metaphor, “civilian life.” The implication is that Timothy and all believers should not allow competing concerns to keep them from serving Christ. Alternate translation: “everyday life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 94 | 2TI | 2 | 4 | d2lg | τῷ στρατολογήσαντι | 1 | the one who enlisted him | Alternate translation: “his leader” or “the one who commands him” | |
| 95 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | d483 | figs-metaphor | ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ | 1 | if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully | To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of an athlete who has to decide between competing lawfully or not lawfully. The athlete will only receive the crown given to the winner if he competes lawfully. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “consider that the officials only crown an athlete as the winner if he competes according to the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 96 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | p031 | figs-hypo | ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις, οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ | 1 | if anyone competes, he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully | Paul is also using a hypothetical situation to teach Timothy. Alternate translation: “suppose an athlete did not compete by the rules. Then he would not be crowned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 97 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | p032 | ἐὰν…ἀθλῇ τις | 1 | if anyone competes | This expression has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “if an athlete competes in an event” | |
| 98 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | xbn6 | figs-doublenegatives | οὐ στεφανοῦται, ἐὰν μὴ νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ | 1 | he is not crowned if he has not competed lawfully | If it would be clearer in your language, you could translate this double negative as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “the officials will only crown him if he competes by the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 99 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | p033 | figs-activepassive | οὐ στεφανοῦται | 1 | he is not crowned | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 100 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | p034 | figs-explicit | οὐ στεφανοῦται | 1 | he is not crowned | Paul assumes that Timothy will know that in this culture crowning indicated the winner of a competition. Alternate translation: “the officials will not crown him as the winner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 101 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | lea8 | translate-unknown | οὐ στεφανοῦται | 1 | he is not crowned | In Paul’s time, when athletes won competitions, they were crowned with wreaths made from the leaves of plants. You can express this idea in your translation by referring to the comparable custom in your own culture, or by using a general expression. Alternate translation: “the officials will not give him an award” or “the officials will not declare him to be the winner” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 102 | 2TI | 2 | 5 | reg6 | figs-explicit | νομίμως ἀθλήσῃ | 1 | he has competed lawfully | Paul is referring to the rules that governed a competition. The athletes had to obey the rules or they would be removed from the competition and not have an opportunity to win. Paul is implicitly encouraging Timothy to serve Christ **lawfully**. Alternate translation: “he competes according to the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 103 | 2TI | 2 | 6 | wz35 | figs-metaphor | τὸν κοπιῶντα γεωργὸν δεῖ πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν | 1 | The hardworking farmer ought to be first to receive of the crops | To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of a farmer who has to decide between working hard or not working hard. The farmer will receive a share of the harvest if he is working hard. Paul is encouraging Timothy to work hard in his service to Christ. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this directly. Alternate translation: “consider that a farmer who works hard should receive a share of the crops before anyone else” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 104 | 2TI | 2 | 6 | p035 | figs-explicit | πρῶτον τῶν καρπῶν μεταλαμβάνειν | 1 | first to receive of the crops | The farmer is working with other farmers and will receive a part of the crop at the time of harvest. If he works hard, he should receive before the others. It is implied that receiving first is best, possibly because the quality of the crop is better. Alternate translation: “receive the best share of the crops” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 105 | 2TI | 2 | 7 | bdk9 | figs-explicit | νόει ὃ λέγω, δώσει γάρ σοι ὁ Κύριος σύνεσιν | 1 | Think about what I am saying, for the Lord will give you understanding | Paul gave Timothy three metaphors, but he did not completely explain their implications. He expected Timothy to figure out, with God’s help, what he was saying about Christ’s servants. Alternate translation: “you will have to think carefully about what I have just told you to understand it completely, but you can depend on God to help you do that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 106 | 2TI | 2 | 7 | p036 | figs-metonymy | ὃ λέγω | 1 | what I am saying | Paul refers to what he has just written in his letter with the verb **saying** to express the idea of communicating. Alternate translation: “what I have just told you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 107 | 2TI | 2 | 7 | a22q | figs-explicit | ἐν πᾶσιν | 1 | in everything | This could mean one of two things. (1) God will give Timothy understanding about everything related to the three metaphors. Alternate translation: “about everything I just said” or “about all I said” (2) God will give Timothy understanding about everything related to being a good servant of Christ. Alternate translation: “about everything a good servant needs to understand” or “about all you need to understand” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 108 | 2TI | 2 | 8 | mh1k | figs-metaphor | ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυείδ | 1 | from the seed of David | The phrase **from the seed of** refers figuratively to Jesus being descended from King David. Alternate translation: “who is a descendant of David” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 109 | 2TI | 2 | 8 | p037 | translate-names | Δαυείδ | 1 | David | This is the name of a man, a great king of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 110 | 2TI | 2 | 8 | wt31 | figs-idiom | ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | raised from the dead | The expression **raise from the dead** is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: “whom God caused to live again” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 111 | 2TI | 2 | 8 | p038 | figs-activepassive | ἐγηγερμένον ἐκ νεκρῶν | 1 | raised from the dead | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “whom God raised from the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 112 | 2TI | 2 | 8 | s4vh | κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου | 1 | according to my gospel | The term **my** conveys the idea that it is the gospel associated with Paul because he preaches it. Alternate translation: “according to the gospel message that I preach” | |
| 113 | 2TI | 2 | 9 | t2ax | figs-metonymy | μέχρι δεσμῶν | 1 | unto chains | Paul uses the expression **unto chains** figuratively to express how far his suffering has gone: from being beaten, to being arrested, to being in chains in prison. Alternate translation: “to the point of being imprisoned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 114 | 2TI | 2 | 9 | p039 | figs-simile | ὡς κακοῦργος | 1 | like a criminal | Paul compares his situation to the shameful one that a person would be in who had actually committed a crime. Alternate translation: “as if I were a criminal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 115 | 2TI | 2 | 9 | pc6t | figs-metaphor | ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | 1 | the word of God is not bound | Here, **bound** means being held in chains as a prisoner, referring to Paul’s condition. Paul contrasts himself, an actual prisoner, with God’s message, which can never be held prisoner. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 116 | 2TI | 2 | 9 | p040 | figs-activepassive | ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐ δέδεται | 1 | the word of God is not bound | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this idea. Alternate translation: “nothing is holding back the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 117 | 2TI | 2 | 9 | p041 | figs-metonymy | ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the word of God | Paul uses the term **word** figuratively to describe the message from God that he and others are communicating with words. Alternate translation: “the message from God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 118 | 2TI | 2 | 10 | p042 | figs-hyperbole | πάντα ὑπομένω | 1 | I endure all things | Here the term **all** is a generalization that likely refers to the sufferings that Paul describes in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I endure all of these sufferings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 119 | 2TI | 2 | 10 | aa1x | figs-nominaladj | διὰ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς | 1 | for the chosen | The term **chosen** is an adjective that functions as a noun here and refers to a group of people. If your language would not use an adjective in that way, you can translate this term with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “for the people whom God has chosen” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 120 | 2TI | 2 | 10 | j2bk | σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus | The phrase **obtain the salvation** could also be expressed with Christ Jesus, who grants salvation, as the subject. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may grant them salvation” | |
| 121 | 2TI | 2 | 10 | p043 | figs-abstractnouns | σωτηρίας τύχωσιν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb. Alternate translation: “Christ Jesus may save them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 122 | 2TI | 2 | 10 | el68 | figs-abstractnouns | μετὰ δόξης αἰωνίου | 1 | with eternal glory | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **glory** with an adjective. This could mean one of two things. (1) God will give his people a glorious place to live in that will last forever. Alternate translation: “and they will be in a glorious place with him forever” (2) God will allow his people to experience a glorious condition or body that will last forever. Alternate translation: “and they will have a glorious body forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 123 | 2TI | 2 | 11 | nr7u | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | 1 | This word is trustworthy | In this context, the term **word** has a specific meaning. Alternate translation: “this statement is dependable” | |
| 124 | 2TI | 2 | 11 | p044 | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | 1 | This word is trustworthy | You could represent the meaning of the adjective **trustworthy** with an active verb, if that would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “you can trust this statement” | |
| 125 | 2TI | 2 | 11 | p045 | figs-quotemarks | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | 1 | This word is trustworthy | Paul uses this phrase to introduce a direct quotation. The words that follow in the rest of this verse and in [2:12](../02/12.md) and [2:13](../02/13.md) are a poem or hymn that expresses the message that Paul says is trustworthy. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these words as a direct quotation or by setting them farther to the right, as the General Notes at the beginning of this chapter suggest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
| 126 | 2TI | 2 | 11 | g6e4 | writing-poetry | εἰ γὰρ συναπεθάνομεν, καὶ συνζήσομεν | 1 | For if we died with him, we will also live with him | This is the beginning of a poem or hymn that Paul is probably quoting. If your language has a way of indicating that this is poetry, such as by setting individual phrases on separate lines, you could use it here and in [2:12](../02/12.md) and [2:13](../02/13.md). If not, you could translate this material as regular prose rather than as poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]]) |
| 127 | 2TI | 2 | 11 | in38 | figs-metaphor | εἰ…συναπεθάνομεν | 1 | if we died with him | Paul is speaking figuratively since he and Timothy and other believers who should trust this statement have not actually died. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be referring to the way that believers identify with Jesus’ death when they trust him for salvation. Alternate translation: “if we have identified with Jesus’ death for us” (2) Paul could be referring to the way that people who believe in Jesus may suffer for him, possibly to the point of dying for him. Alternate translation: “if we are prepared to die for Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 128 | 2TI | 2 | 11 | p046 | figs-metaphor | καὶ συνζήσομεν | 1 | we will also live with him | If **died** is figurative, then Paul may intend the term **live** in a figurative sense as well. If so, it could mean one of two things. (1) If **died** refers to the way that believers identify with Jesus’ death, then **live** may refer to how they will act as a result. Alternate translation: “we will not pursue our own desires, instead we will do what Jesus wants us to do” (2) If **died** refers to being prepared to die for Jesus, then **live** may refer to life after death. Alternate translation: “God will raise us from the dead as he raised Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 129 | 2TI | 2 | 12 | p047 | figs-metaphor | συνβασιλεύσομεν | 1 | we will reign with him | Paul uses the expression **reign** to refer figuratively to the reward of obedience on earth, which is eternal life. In the eternal state, believers actually will **reign** with Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “we will have eternal life with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 130 | 2TI | 2 | 12 | p048 | εἰ ἀρνησόμεθα | 1 | if we deny him | Paul uses the term **deny** to refer to the action of believers saying that they do not know Jesus Christ during this present life. Alternate translation: “if we say now that we do not know him” | |
| 131 | 2TI | 2 | 12 | p049 | κἀκεῖνος ἀρνήσεται ἡμᾶς | 1 | he also will deny us | Paul uses **deny** to refer to the action of Jesus Christ on the day of final judgment. Jesus will either receive a faithful believer or reject those who are not true followers. Alternate translation: “he will reject us on the day of judgment” | |
| 132 | 2TI | 2 | 13 | ke4w | εἰ ἀπιστοῦμεν | 1 | if we are unfaithful | Paul uses the word **unfaithful** to express the idea that believers do not continue to obey but rather disobey. Alternate translation: “if we disobey Jesus” or “if we do not do what Jesus wants us to do” | |
| 133 | 2TI | 2 | 13 | p050 | figs-explicit | ἐκεῖνος πιστὸς μένει | 1 | he remains faithful | This could mean one of two things. Alternate translation: (1) “he remains true to himself” (2) “he remains faithful to us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 134 | 2TI | 2 | 13 | ihd4 | ἀρνήσασθαι…ἑαυτὸν οὐ δύναται | 1 | he is not able to deny himself | Paul states that Jesus is not able to **deny himself**, meaning that Jesus is not able to go against his character and will remain true to what he said he would do. Alternate translation: “he must always act according to his character” | |
| 135 | 2TI | 2 | 14 | u661 | ὑπομίμνῃσκε | 1 | remind them | The word **them**, which is implicit in the Greek verb, probably refers to the people that Timothy has responsibility over. Alternate translation: “remind the people there” | |
| 136 | 2TI | 2 | 14 | p051 | figs-metaphor | ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | before God | Paul uses the expression **before God**, which means “in front of God,” to mean “where God can see.” Seeing, in turn, figuratively means attention and judgment. Alternate translation: “as God is watching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 137 | 2TI | 2 | 14 | r5lq | figs-explicit | ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | before God | The implication is that Paul is telling Timothy to tell the believers, when he gives them this command, that God will be watching what they do. Alternate translation: “with God as their witness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 138 | 2TI | 2 | 14 | g6p7 | figs-metaphor | μὴ λογομαχεῖν | 1 | not to battle about words | Paul uses the term **battle** figuratively to describe arguments. This could mean one of two things. (1) The believers are not to argue about foolish things that people say. Alternate translation: “not to fight about foolish comments” (2) The believers are not to argue about what words mean. Alternate translation: “not to fight about the meanings of words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 139 | 2TI | 2 | 14 | rke6 | ἐπ’ οὐδὲν χρήσιμον | 1 | it is useful for nothing | Paul adds that battling about words has no benefit for those involved. Alternate translation: “it does not benefit anyone” | |
| 140 | 2TI | 2 | 15 | m3vy | σεαυτὸν, δόκιμον παραστῆσαι τῷ Θεῷ, ἐργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον | 1 | to present yourself approved to God, a worker not ashamed | Alternate translation: “do your best to please God and to seek God’s approval” | |
| 141 | 2TI | 2 | 15 | rj6y | figs-metaphor | ἐργάτην | 1 | a worker | Paul says figuratively that Timothy will be a skilled workman if he correctly teaches God’s word. Alternate translation: “like a craftsman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 142 | 2TI | 2 | 15 | xgz9 | figs-metaphor | ὀρθοτομοῦντα τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | cutting the word of truth straight | Paul refers figuratively to **the word of truth** as if it were a path that someone was cutting through difficult terrain. When such a path is **straight**, travelers can follow it directly to their destination. By contrast, the useless discussions that Paul describes in [2:14](../02/14.md) and [2:16](../02/16.md) would be needless detours in terms of this same metaphor. Alternate translation: “show people how to follow the Scriptures directly” or “teach the Scriptures correctly so that people can follow them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 143 | 2TI | 2 | 15 | p052 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | the word of truth | Paul uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to something that is expressed in words. This could mean one of two things. (1) It could refer to the message that Timothy is to teach. Alternate translation: “the true message” (2) It could refer to the Scriptures. Alternate translation: “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 144 | 2TI | 2 | 15 | p053 | figs-abstractnouns | τὸν λόγον τῆς ἀληθείας | 1 | the word of truth | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “the true message” or “the true things that God has said in the Scriptures” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 145 | 2TI | 2 | 16 | e27q | figs-metaphor | ἐπὶ πλεῖον…προκόψουσιν ἀσεβείας | 1 | for they will advance into greater ungodliness | Paul speaks of these discussions figuratively as if they could physically progress in a certain direction, and he speaks of godlessness as that direction. Paul is figuratively describing the effect that these discussions have on people. Alternate translation: “because they cause people to become more and more ungodly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 146 | 2TI | 2 | 17 | i73t | figs-simile | ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει | 1 | their word will have a spreading like gangrene | This is a simile. It means that what the people who were taking part in empty discussions were saying would spread from person to person and harm the faith of those who heard it. Alternate translation: “what people who take part in these discussions say will spread quickly and cause destruction like an infectious disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) |
| 147 | 2TI | 2 | 17 | p054 | figs-metonymy | ὁ λόγος αὐτῶν | 1 | their word | Paul uses the term **word** figuratively to refer to something that is expressed in words. Alternate translation: “what people who take part in these discussions say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 148 | 2TI | 2 | 17 | p055 | translate-unknown | ὡς γάγγραινα | 1 | like gangrene | **Gangrene** is type of tissue death caused by infection or lack of blood circulation. It quickly spreads in a person’s body and can lead to death. If your readers would not know what **gangrene** is, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like an infectious disease” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 149 | 2TI | 2 | 17 | p056 | ὧν ἐστιν Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος | 1 | among whom are Hymenaeus and Philetus | Paul gives Timothy the names of two men who are examples of ungodliness and foolish talk. To make the relationship between these names and the preceding **their word** clear in your language, you may have to make this explicit. Alternate translation: “Hymeneus and Philetus are such people” | |
| 150 | 2TI | 2 | 17 | x2k6 | translate-names | Ὑμέναιος, καὶ Φίλητος | 1 | Hymenaeus and Philetus | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 151 | 2TI | 2 | 18 | fi9z | figs-metaphor | οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν | 1 | who have missed the mark regarding the truth | Paul uses this expression to speak figuratively of faith in Christ as if it were a target at which people should aim. Those who have **missed the mark** no longer believe or teach what is true. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 152 | 2TI | 2 | 18 | p057 | figs-abstractnouns | οἵτινες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἠστόχησαν | 1 | who have missed the mark regarding the truth | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “who have started saying things that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 153 | 2TI | 2 | 18 | pu22 | figs-abstractnouns | ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι | 1 | the resurrection has already happened | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **resurrection** with an equivalent expression. Alternative translation: “God has already raised the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 154 | 2TI | 2 | 18 | ura5 | figs-metaphor | ἀνατρέπουσιν τήν τινων πίστιν | 1 | who are destroying the faith of some | Paul refers to **faith** as though it were an object that could be destroyed. Alternate translation: “they are causing some people to stop believing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 155 | 2TI | 2 | 19 | ir1z | figs-metaphor | ὁ…στερεὸς θεμέλιος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἕστηκεν | 1 | the firm foundation of God stands | Paul uses the image of the foundation of a building to explain that even though a destructive message has been destroying the faith of some people, God has nevertheless given people who want to continue in the faith a safe and secure “place to stand,” as it were. Alternate translation: “God has provided a secure basis for people to continue to believe in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 156 | 2TI | 2 | 19 | p058 | figs-metonymy | ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην | 1 | having this seal | Paul speaks figuratively of the inscription on this foundation as if it were a **seal**, since seals on the outside of documents often bore inscriptions describing their contents. Alternate translation: “having this inscription” or “which can be described in this way” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 157 | 2TI | 2 | 19 | p059 | figs-quotemarks | ἔχων τὴν σφραγῖδα ταύτην | 1 | having this seal | Paul uses this phrase to introduce two direct quotations. The statements that follow in the rest of this verse describe two aspects of the basis that God has provided for people to continue to believe in him. It may be helpful to your readers if you indicate this by marking these statements as quotations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks]]) |
| 158 | 2TI | 2 | 19 | nd7t | figs-idiom | ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα Κυρίου | 1 | who names the name of the Lord | The expression **names the name of the Lord** is an idiom that refers to saying the name of the Lord in order to declare that one belongs to him. Alternate translation: “who says he believes in the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 159 | 2TI | 2 | 19 | y3bc | figs-abstractnouns | ἀποστήτω ἀπὸ ἀδικίας | 1 | must abstain from unrighteousness | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **unrighteousness** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “must stop doing evil things” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 160 | 2TI | 2 | 20 | p060 | figs-metaphor | ἐν μεγάλῃ δὲ οἰκίᾳ, οὐκ ἔστιν μόνον σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα | 1 | Now in a great house, there are not only gold and silver containers, but also wood and clay | To help Timothy understand something important about following Jesus, Paul introduces the metaphor of the containers that are in the home of a wealthy person. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could indicate this. Alternate translation: “Consider that in the home of a wealthy person, there are containers made of gold and silver, and there are also containers made of wood and clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 161 | 2TI | 2 | 20 | p061 | figs-ellipsis | ἀλλὰ καὶ ξύλινα καὶ ὀστράκινα | 1 | but also wood and clay | Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “and there are also containers made of wood and clay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 162 | 2TI | 2 | 20 | j75l | σκεύη | 1 | containers | The word **container** is a general term for items used to hold food or drink. If your language does not have a general word, you can use a specific word such as “bowl” or “pot.” | |
| 163 | 2TI | 2 | 20 | mt5e | figs-abstractnouns | ἃ μὲν εἰς τιμὴν, ἃ δὲ εἰς ἀτιμίαν | 1 | both some for honor and some for dishonor | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **honor** and **dishonor** with equivalent phrases. This could mean one of two things. (1) Alternate translation: “dishes both for special occasions and for ordinary times” (2) Alternate translation: “dishes both for use in public and for use in private” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 164 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | jm3p | figs-metaphor | ἐκκαθάρῃ ἑαυτὸν ἀπὸ τούτων | 1 | has cleansed himself from these | Paul speaks figuratively of a person washing himself to indicate giving up certain associations or activities. This could mean one of two things. (1) The word **these** could refer to the false teachers who are destroying the faith of some people. Alternate translation: “these false teachers” (2) The word **these** could refer to the quarrelling and false teaching that Paul has warned Timothy about. Alternate translation: “these ungodly actions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 165 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | g79f | figs-metaphor | ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν | 1 | he will be a container for honor | Paul speaks figuratively of a person who has given up these associations or activities as if he were a particular kind of container. Alternate translation: “he will be like a dish for special occasions” or “he will be like a dish for use in public” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 166 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | p062 | figs-explicit | ἔσται σκεῦος εἰς τιμήν | 1 | he will be a container for honor | The implication is that God will be able to give important assignments to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he will be someone to whom God can give important assignments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 167 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | mh63 | ἡγιασμένον εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ, εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον | 1 | having been sanctified, useful to the Master, having been prepared for every good work | These three expressions could relate in one of two ways to the phrase **he will be a container for honor**. (1) They could be a further description of such a person. Alternate translation: “someone who is sanctified, useful to the Master, and ready for every good work” (2) They could be explaining the reason why the person is ready for honorable use. Alternate translation: “because he is sanctified, because he is useful to the Master, and because he is ready for every good work” | |
| 168 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | p063 | figs-activepassive | ἡγιασμένον | 1 | having been sanctified | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea, and you can say who did the action. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 169 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | nl5d | figs-metaphor | ἡγιασμένον | 1 | having been sanctified | If this phrase is continuing the metaphor of objects in a house, then Paul is referring to a person who is free from wrong associations or activities as if he were a precious object whose owner keeps it in a special place. Whether this phrase is continuing the metaphor or not, it still expresses the idea of being “dedicated” for a special purpose. Alternate translation: “whom God has set apart for a special purpose” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 170 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | p064 | figs-metaphor | εὔχρηστον τῷ Δεσπότῃ | 1 | useful to the Master | In the context of the metaphor of the house, Paul speaks of God figuratively as the head of the household. Alternate translation: “useful to God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 171 | 2TI | 2 | 21 | p065 | figs-activepassive | εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἡτοιμασμένον | 1 | having been prepared for every good work | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who has gotten ready to do any good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 172 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | h9p6 | figs-metaphor | τὰς…νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε | 1 | flee youthful lusts | Paul speaks about youthful desires as if they were a dangerous person or animal that Timothy should run away from. Alternate translation: “control your youthful desires” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 173 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | p066 | figs-metonymy | τὰς…νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας φεῦγε | 1 | flee youthful lusts | Paul speaks figuratively of immoral activities by association with the desires that lead a person to engage in them. Alternate translation: “refuse to do the wrong things that young people want to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 174 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | srb7 | figs-metaphor | δίωκε δὲ δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην | 1 | and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace | Paul is using the verb **pursue** in contrast to **flee**. He speaks of these positive things as if Timothy should run towards them because they will do him good. Alternate translation: “be eager to do what is right, to believe in God, to love other people, and to live peacefully with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 175 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | p067 | figs-abstractnouns | δικαιοσύνην, πίστιν, ἀγάπην, εἰρήνην | 1 | righteousness, faith, love, and peace | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the ideas behind the abstract nouns **righteousness**, **faith**, **love**, and **peace** with equivalent expressions. Alternate translation: “do what is right, believe in God, love other people, and live peacefully with other people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 176 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | hg99 | μετὰ τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας | 1 | with those who call on the Lord from a clean heart | This likely means that Paul wants Timothy to pursue these positive things together with others who are sincere in their faith. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could put this phrase at the beginning of Paul’s command to Timothy, before **pursue**. Alternate translation: “together with those who worship the Lord with sincere intentions” | |
| 177 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | gl3q | figs-idiom | τῶν ἐπικαλουμένων τὸν Κύριον | 1 | those who call on the Lord | The expression **call on the Lord** is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. Alternate translation: “those who worship the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 178 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | p068 | figs-metonymy | ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας | 1 | from a clean heart | Paul uses a physical part of the body, the **heart**, figuratively to represent the intentions and desires of a person. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 179 | 2TI | 2 | 22 | b2ti | figs-metaphor | ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας | 1 | from a clean heart | Paul uses the word **clean** to describe the intentions or thoughts of a person as though they were an object that could be made clean. Alternate translation: “with sincere intentions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 180 | 2TI | 2 | 23 | tmf7 | figs-metonymy | τὰς…μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις παραιτοῦ | 1 | avoid foolish and ignorant questions | Paul refers to certain kinds of discussions figuratively by association with the questions people might ask that would lead to these discussions. Alternate translation: “do not become involved in foolish and ignorant discussions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 181 | 2TI | 2 | 23 | p069 | figs-doublet | μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ζητήσεις | 1 | foolish and ignorant questions | Paul may be using the words **foolish** and **ignorant** together to emphasize a single idea. Alternate translation: “stupid questions” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 182 | 2TI | 2 | 23 | kh6p | figs-metaphor | γεννῶσι μάχας | 1 | they give birth to battles | Paul speaks of the **questions** figuratively as if they were women giving birth to children. Alternate translation: “they cause arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 183 | 2TI | 2 | 23 | p070 | figs-metaphor | μάχας | 1 | battles | Paul uses the term **battle** figuratively to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “they cause arguments” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 184 | 2TI | 2 | 24 | p071 | figs-metaphor | δοῦλον…Κυρίου | 1 | the servant of the Lord | Paul is using the expression **servant of the Lord** figuratively to refer to leaders in the church, including Timothy, who teach and must interact with the quarrelsome teachers who challenge their authority and the truth. Alternate translation: “a leader in the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 185 | 2TI | 2 | 24 | p072 | figs-metaphor | οὐ δεῖ μάχεσθαι | 1 | must not battle | Paul uses the term **battle** figuratively to describe arguments. Alternate translation: “must not argue” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 186 | 2TI | 2 | 25 | un9l | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν πραΰτητι | 1 | in meekness | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **meekness** in this expression with an adverb. Alternate translation: “meekly” or “gently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 187 | 2TI | 2 | 25 | u6rp | παιδεύοντα | 1 | educating | Paul presents this as the godly response to quarrels. This term can mean “teach” or “correct.” Alternate translation: “teaching” or “correcting” | |
| 188 | 2TI | 2 | 25 | jt1r | figs-metaphor | μήποτε δώῃ αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς μετάνοιαν | 1 | God may perhaps give them repentance | Paul speaks of **repentance** as if it were an object that God could give people. Alternate translation: “God may cause them to repent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 189 | 2TI | 2 | 25 | u8dy | εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας | 1 | for the knowledge of the truth | Paul speaks of the result of **repentance** as knowing the truth. Alternate translation: “so that they will know the truth” | |
| 190 | 2TI | 2 | 26 | p073 | figs-ellipsis | ἀνανήψωσιν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος | 1 | they may become sober again from the trap of the devil | As Paul moves from one metaphor into another, he leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. Alternate translation: “they may become sober again and escape from the trap of the devil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 191 | 2TI | 2 | 26 | ef3q | figs-metaphor | ἀνανήψωσιν | 1 | they may become sober again | Paul speaks of sinners learning to think correctly about God as if they were drunk people becoming sober again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 192 | 2TI | 2 | 26 | mql8 | figs-metaphor | ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος | 1 | from the trap of the devil | Paul refers to the deception of the devil as a physical trap that sinners are captured in. Alternate translation: “and escape from the devil’s deception” or “and reject the devil’s deception” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 193 | 2TI | 2 | 26 | p074 | figs-activepassive | ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα | 1 | having been captured by him for his will | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “after the devil has captured them and made them do what he wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 194 | 2TI | 2 | 26 | dj4j | figs-metaphor | ἐζωγρημένοι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ, εἰς τὸ ἐκείνου θέλημα | 1 | having been captured by him for his will | Paul speaks of the devil’s deception as if the devil had physically captured them and made them do what he wanted. Alternate translation: “after the devil has deceived them and made them do what he wanted” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 195 | 2TI | 3 | intro | k2cr | 0 | # 2 Timothy 03 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>Some scholars understand the **last days** to mean a time in the future just before Jesus returns. If that is the meaning, then Paul is prophesying in verses 1-9 and 13 about those days. Other scholars understand the **last days** to mean the Christian age, including Paul’s time. If so, then what Paul teaches in this chapter about being persecuted applies to all Christians. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate these verses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]) | |||
| 196 | 2TI | 3 | 1 | g65r | figs-idiom | ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | 1 | in the last days | Paul is using the term **days** figuratively to refer to a particular time. Alternate translation: “during the period of time before the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 197 | 2TI | 3 | 1 | n7gs | figs-explicit | ἐνστήσονται καιροὶ χαλεποί | 1 | there will be difficult times | The implication from what Paul goes on to say about people becoming ungodly and violent is that it will be difficult for believers in this time period. Alternate translation: “Christians will face difficult situations” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 198 | 2TI | 3 | 2 | p075 | figs-gendernotations | οἱ ἄνθρωποι | 1 | men | Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 199 | 2TI | 3 | 2 | jb27 | φίλαυτοι | 1 | self-loving | Here, **self-loving** refers to loving oneself more than loving family or friends with a natural human love. This is not the kind of love that comes from God. Alternate translation: “self-centered” | |
| 200 | 2TI | 3 | 3 | u3n7 | ἄστοργοι | 1 | unloving | The term **unloving** means that they will not love other people whom they should love. Alternate translation: “they will not love their own families” | |
| 201 | 2TI | 3 | 3 | r2uv | ἄσπονδοι | 1 | irreconcilable | The term **irreconcilable** means they will not agree to make peace with others and will insist on living in a state of conflict. Alternate translation: “they will not agree with anyone” or “they will not live in peace with anyone” | |
| 202 | 2TI | 3 | 3 | ks9y | ἀφιλάγαθοι | 1 | not good-loving | The phrase **not good-loving** could be translated with **not** and **loving** expressed with the positive term “hating.” Alternate translation: “They will hate what is good” | |
| 203 | 2TI | 3 | 4 | dw5z | προπετεῖς | 1 | reckless | The adjective **reckless** conveys the idea of doing things without thinking about the negative things that could happen as a result. Alternate translation: “heedless of consequences” | |
| 204 | 2TI | 3 | 4 | d6ng | figs-metaphor | τετυφωμένοι | 1 | puffed up | The expression **puffed up** is a metaphor for being proud and considering oneself better than others. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 205 | 2TI | 3 | 4 | p076 | figs-activepassive | τετυφωμένοι | 1 | puffed up | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “haughty” or “conceited” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 206 | 2TI | 3 | 5 | k5dc | figs-idiom | ἔχοντες μόρφωσιν εὐσεβείας | 1 | having a form of godliness | The expression **a form of** indicates that their **godliness** is not genuine or true. Alternate translation: “appearing to have godliness” or “appearing to honor God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 207 | 2TI | 3 | 5 | p077 | grammar-connect-logic-result | καὶ | 1 | And | Paul uses this word to introduce the results of what the previous sentence described. Alternate translation: “So” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 208 | 2TI | 3 | 5 | p078 | figs-nominaladj | τούτους ἀποτρέπου | 1 | turn away from these | The term **these** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul lists in the previous verses. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 209 | 2TI | 3 | 5 | xm1c | figs-metaphor | τούτους ἀποτρέπου | 1 | turn away from these | The expression **turn away** is a metaphor for avoiding someone. Alternate translation: “avoid these people” or “avoid such people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 210 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | gu4b | figs-metaphor | αἰχμαλωτίζοντες | 1 | captivating | Here Paul uses the term **captivating** figuratively to mean greatly influencing someone by the use of deception. Alternate translation: “manipulating” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 211 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | u9m5 | γυναικάρια | 1 | foolish women | The term **foolish women** refers to women who are spiritually weak and immature. They allow these men into their homes and listen to them because they are weak, idle, and have many sins. Alternate translation: “women who are spiritually weak” | |
| 212 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | e9ex | figs-metaphor | σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις | 1 | who are loaded with sins | Paul speaks figuratively of these **sins** as if they were heaped up on the backs of these women. Paul is explaining why these men can easily influence these women. This could mean one of two things. (1) These women sin often or even continually. Alternate translation: “who sin often” (2) These women feel terrible guilt because they sin. Alternate translation: “who feel terrible guilt for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 213 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | p079 | figs-activepassive | σεσωρευμένα ἁμαρτίαις | 1 | who are loaded with sins | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “who sin often” or “who feel terrible guilt for their sins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 214 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | p080 | figs-activepassive | ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις | 1 | led away by various desires | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “various desires lead them away” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 215 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | izz9 | figs-personification | ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις | 1 | led away by various desires | Paul speaks figuratively about these **various desires** as if they could lead a person away. He means that the women decide to do evil things in order to satisfy their desires. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 216 | 2TI | 3 | 6 | p081 | figs-explicit | ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις | 1 | led away by various desires | The implication is that the women decide to sin with the men who are influencing them and deceiving them. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “they decide to sin in various ways with these evil men” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 217 | 2TI | 3 | 7 | p082 | figs-metaphor | μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν δυνάμενα | 1 | never able to come to the knowledge of the truth | Paul speaks figuratively of the **knowledge of the truth** as if it were a destination at which people could arrive. Alternate translation: “never able to understand the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 218 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | p083 | ὃν τρόπον δὲ | 1 | And what way | Alternate translation: “in the same way that” | |
| 219 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | b8el | translate-names | Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς | 1 | Jannes and Jambres | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 220 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | p084 | figs-explicit | Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς | 1 | Jannes and Jambres | Paul assumes that Timothy will know that these were the magicians in Pharaoh’s court who tried to duplicate the miracles that Moses was doing to show that Pharaoh did not have to obey Yahweh. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could identify them more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Jannes and Jambres, Pharaoh’s magicians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 221 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | p085 | figs-nominaladj | οὗτοι | 1 | these | As in [3:5](../03/05.md), the term **these** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to the people who show the ungodly qualities that Paul has described. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can add the word “people” in your translation. Alternate translation: “these people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 222 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | p086 | figs-abstractnouns | τῇ ἀληθείᾳ | 1 | the truth | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **truth** with an adjective. Alternate translation: “what is true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 223 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | g4kk | figs-metonymy | ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν | 1 | men whose mind is corrupted | Paul uses the word **mind** to refer to the way these evil men think. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 224 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | p087 | figs-activepassive | ἄνθρωποι κατεφθαρμένοι τὸν νοῦν | 1 | men whose mind is corrupted | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “men who cannot think rightly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 225 | 2TI | 3 | 8 | pfh1 | ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν | 1 | unapproved regarding the faith | Paul uses the adjective **unapproved** to convey the idea that these men have been tested regarding how well they trust in Christ and obey him, and they have failed the test. Alternate translation: “without sincere faith” or “whose faith is not genuine” | |
| 226 | 2TI | 3 | 9 | c6xx | figs-metaphor | οὐ προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ πλεῖον | 1 | they will not advance unto more | Paul uses an expression about physical movement to mean that the false teachers will not have much success among the believers. Alternate translation: “they will not have much success” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 227 | 2TI | 3 | 9 | mv4j | figs-hyperbole | ἡ…ἄνοια αὐτῶν ἔκδηλος ἔσται πᾶσιν | 1 | their foolishness will be obvious to all | The word **all** is a generalization. Paul has just said that these men will have a little success in deceiving some people. But ultimately their foolishness will become widely apparent, as happened to Jannes and Jambres, who were publicly discredited when they were not able to equal the powerful miracles of Moses. Alternate translation: “their foolishness will become widely apparent” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 228 | 2TI | 3 | 9 | z4fu | figs-nominaladj | ἐκείνων | 1 | of those | The term **those** is a demonstrative adjective that refers to Jannes and Jambres. Paul is using the term as a noun. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can supply the names of the two men. Alternate translation: “of Jannes and Jambres” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 229 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | vw42 | figs-metaphor | σὺ…παρηκολούθησάς | 1 | you have followed | Paul speaks of giving close attention to the things he lists in this verse as if one were physically following them as they moved. Alternate translation: “you have observed” or “you have paid close attention to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 230 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | wma6 | figs-abstractnouns | μου τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ | 1 | my teaching | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **teaching** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “what I have taught others to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 231 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | lq3v | figs-abstractnouns | μου…τῇ ἀγωγῇ | 1 | my conduct | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **conduct** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I live my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 232 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | p088 | figs-abstractnouns | μου…τῇ προθέσει | 1 | my purpose | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **purpose** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “what goal I have in life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 233 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | p089 | figs-abstractnouns | μου…τῇ πίστει | 1 | my faith | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **faith** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “what I believe” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 234 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | p091 | figs-abstractnouns | μου…τῇ μακροθυμίᾳ | 1 | my patience | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **patience** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I am patient with others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 235 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | p090 | figs-abstractnouns | μου…τῇ ἀγάπῃ | 1 | my love | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **love** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I love others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 236 | 2TI | 3 | 10 | l4pp | figs-abstractnouns | μου…τῇ ὑπομονῇ | 1 | my longsuffering | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **longsuffering** with a relative clause. Alternative translation: “how I endure when I suffer” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 237 | 2TI | 3 | 11 | p092 | translate-names | ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ, ἐν Ἰκονίῳ, ἐν Λύστροις | 1 | in Antioch, in Iconium, in Lystra | These are the names of three cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 238 | 2TI | 3 | 11 | p093 | οἵους διωγμοὺς ὑπήνεγκα | 1 | what kind of persecutions I endured | Paul is reminding Timothy that he knows of the various ways in which Paul suffered and how he endured until God rescued him. Alternate translation: “how I endured various persecutions” | |
| 239 | 2TI | 3 | 11 | r9vk | figs-metaphor | ἐκ πάντων, με ἐρρύσατο ὁ Κύριος | 1 | the Lord rescued me from them all | Paul speaks figuratively as if God had physically removed him from a situation of danger. Alternate translation: “the Lord preserved me through them all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 240 | 2TI | 3 | 12 | ke7f | ζῆν εὐσεβῶς | 1 | to live piously | The term **piously** means to live in an obedient way that honors God. Alternate translation: “to live in a way that honors God” | |
| 241 | 2TI | 3 | 12 | xm9l | figs-activepassive | διωχθήσονται | 1 | will be persecuted | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “people will persecute” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 242 | 2TI | 3 | 13 | p094 | figs-gendernotations | ἄνθρωποι | 1 | men | Here Paul is using the term **men** in a generic sense that includes all people. Alternate translation: “people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 243 | 2TI | 3 | 13 | s7f2 | γόητες | 1 | impostors | The term **impostor** refers here to a person who wants other people to think he is a true Christian when he is not. Alternate translation: “people who are pretending to be Christians” | |
| 244 | 2TI | 3 | 13 | imc8 | figs-metaphor | προκόψουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον | 1 | will advance unto the worse | Paul speaks figuratively of evil people and their character as something that moves forward physically, making gradual progress in a direction. Alternate translation: “will become worse and worse” or “will become even more evil” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 245 | 2TI | 3 | 13 | p095 | figs-idiom | ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον | 1 | unto the worse | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “worse and worse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 246 | 2TI | 3 | 13 | eyx5 | figs-metaphor | πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι | 1 | leading astray and being led astray | The expression **leading astray** uses the image of physically taking a person to a place that he didn’t think he was going to. This is a figurative reference to persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 247 | 2TI | 3 | 13 | p096 | figs-activepassive | πλανῶντες καὶ πλανώμενοι | 1 | leading astray and being led astray | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “teaching lies and believing lies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 248 | 2TI | 3 | 14 | ytg9 | figs-metaphor | μένε ἐν οἷς ἔμαθες | 1 | remain in the things you have learned | Paul speaks of biblical instruction as if it were a place that Timothy could stay in. Alternate translation: “continue doing what you have learned” or “continue believing what you have learned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 249 | 2TI | 3 | 14 | p097 | figs-activepassive | ἐπιστώθης | 1 | become convinced of | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “have firmly believed” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 250 | 2TI | 3 | 15 | w9l5 | figs-personification | τὰ δυνάμενά σε σοφίσαι | 1 | which are able to make you wise | Paul speaks of the Scriptures as if they were a teacher who could instruct people and help them become wise. It may be convenient in your translation to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “By studying them you can become wise” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 251 | 2TI | 3 | 15 | p098 | figs-abstractnouns | εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ πίστεως τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | for salvation through the faith that is in Christ Jesus | If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **salvation** with a verb such as “save.” Alternate translation: “so that you will know enough to trust Christ Jesus to save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 252 | 2TI | 3 | 16 | s274 | figs-metaphor | πᾶσα Γραφὴ θεόπνευστος | 1 | All Scripture is God-breathed | The term **God-breathed** uses the image of breathing to indicate that the Scriptures come directly from God through his Spirit. Characteristically in the Bible, the breath of God represents the Spirit of God. Alternate translation: “God produced the Scriptures as his Spirit directed people what to write” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 253 | 2TI | 3 | 16 | uv35 | ὠφέλιμος | 1 | is profitable | Paul refers to the Scriptures as **profitable** to convey the idea that Timothy and all believers will benefit when they use the Scriptures to teach, reprove, correct, and train. Alternate translation: “you will benefit from them as you use them” | |
| 254 | 2TI | 3 | 16 | vl2n | figs-abstractnouns | πρὸς ἐλεγμόν | 1 | for reproof | Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for knowing what is right and wrong and showing people that they are wrong. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **reproof** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people that they are wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 255 | 2TI | 3 | 16 | e5h9 | figs-abstractnouns | πρὸς ἐπανόρθωσιν | 1 | for correction | Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for showing people how to make something right. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **correction** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for showing people how to make things right” or “for showing how to fix errors” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 256 | 2TI | 3 | 16 | y1hf | figs-abstractnouns | πρὸς παιδείαν τὴν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | 1 | for the training that is in righteousness | Paul instructs Timothy to use the Scriptures as the standard for training people how to live lives that are right with God. If it would be clearer in your language, you could express the idea behind the abstract noun **righteousness** with an equivalent expression. Alternate translation: “for training people how to do what is right” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 257 | 2TI | 3 | 17 | nb12 | figs-gendernotations | ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος | 1 | the man of God | This expression could mean one of two things. (1) Paul could be using it to refer to Timothy as the leader of his congregation, to encourage him to use the Scriptures in his teaching. Alternate translation: “you, man of God” (2) Paul could be using the word **man** in a generic sense that includes all believers in God, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “the person who serves God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 258 | 2TI | 3 | 17 | uu7i | ἄρτιος | 1 | proficient | Alternative translation: “fully capable” | |
| 259 | 2TI | 3 | 17 | p099 | figs-activepassive | ἐξηρτισμένος | 1 | equipped | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “and have everything he needs” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 260 | 2TI | 4 | intro | k2xa | 0 | # 2 Timothy 04 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### “I adjure you”<br><br>Paul gives personal instructions to Timothy.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Crown<br><br>Scripture uses different kinds of crowns as images for different things. In this chapter, it appears that Christ will award the crown to believers as a reward and confirmation for living rightly. | |||
| 261 | 2TI | 4 | 1 | eh3x | διαμαρτύρομαι | 1 | I adjure you | Alternate translation: “I want you to swear an oath” | |
| 262 | 2TI | 4 | 1 | cb15 | figs-explicit | ἐνώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ | 1 | before God and Christ Jesus | Here the word **before** means “in front of,” that is, “in the presence of.” The implication is that God and Christ Jesus will witness the oath that Paul wants Timothy to swear. Alternate translation: “in the presence of God and Christ Jesus” or “with God and Christ Jesus as the witnesses” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 263 | 2TI | 4 | 1 | u32g | figs-merism | ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | 1 | the living and the dead | Paul refers to **the living** and **the dead** together to mean all people, whether they are alive at the time of judgment or have died. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 264 | 2TI | 4 | 1 | p100 | figs-nominaladj | ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | 1 | the living and the dead | The terms **living** and **dead** are adjectives that Paul is using as nouns to refer to groups of people. If your language does not use adjectives in that way, you can translate these terms with equivalent phrases. Alternate translation: “those who are still alive and those who have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) |
| 265 | 2TI | 4 | 1 | lwt2 | figs-metonymy | καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | and by his appearing and his kingdom | Paul wants Timothy to swear the oath on these things. Paul refers figuratively to Christ’s return by association to the fact that he will appear once again to people on earth when he returns, and he refers figuratively to Christ’s rule as king by association to the kingdom that he will rule. It may be helpful to begin a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “I want you to swear this oath on Christ’s return and on his rule as king” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 266 | 2TI | 4 | 2 | j2z7 | figs-metonymy | τὸν λόγον | 1 | the word | Paul is using the term **word** to refer figuratively to the whole message about Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the Gospel message” or “the Good News” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 267 | 2TI | 4 | 2 | zzh4 | figs-merism | εὐκαίρως, ἀκαίρως | 1 | opportunely, inopportunely | Paul means that Timothy should be ready to preach about Jesus when it seems like a good time to do so and also when it does not seem like a good time. He is using the two types of occasions together figuratively to indicate all occasions. Alternate translation: “when it is convenient and when it is not convenient” or “at all times” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]]) |
| 268 | 2TI | 4 | 2 | g7ax | figs-explicit | ἔλεγξον | 1 | reprove | The command to **reprove** implies that the action is directed toward people who have done something wrong and are in need of correction. Alternate translation: “correct those who have sinned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 269 | 2TI | 4 | 2 | p101 | ἐπιτίμησον | 1 | rebuke | The word **rebuke** involves telling someone that they have done something wrong and warning them not to do it again. Alternate translation: “tell them not to sin” | |
| 270 | 2TI | 4 | 2 | p102 | ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ καὶ διδαχῇ | 1 | with all patience and teaching | The implication is that this is how Timothy should preach, reprove, rebuke, and exhort. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could say that explicitly. Alternate translation: “do these things by teaching very patiently” or “always do these things by teaching patiently” | |
| 271 | 2TI | 4 | 2 | p103 | figs-hyperbole | ἐν πάσῃ μακροθυμίᾳ | 1 | with all patience | This could mean one of two things. (1) Timothy should be patient all the time. Alternate translation: “always … patiently” (2) The word **all** could be a generalization for emphasis, meaning that Timothy should be very patient. Alternate translation: “very patiently” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 272 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | jv7a | ἔσται…καιρὸς ὅτε | 1 | there will be a time when | Alternate translation: “the time will come when” | |
| 273 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | u2cc | οὐκ ἀνέξονται | 1 | they will not endure | Alternate translation: “they will no longer listen patiently to” | |
| 274 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | ilx7 | figs-explicit | οὐκ ἀνέξονται | 1 | they will not endure | The context indicates that **they** means people who are a part of the community of believers. Alternate translation: “some believers will no longer listen patiently to” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 275 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | fyl3 | figs-metonymy | τῆς ὑγιαινούσης διδασκαλίας | 1 | healthy teaching | The expression **healthy teaching** figuratively means “correct teaching” by association, since a healthy mind would recognize that correct teaching was reasonable. Alternate translation: “correct teaching” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 276 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | e5t2 | figs-metaphor | κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας, ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισωρεύσουσιν διδασκάλους | 1 | they will heap up for themselves teachers according to their own desires | Paul speaks of how people will obtain many teachers as if they were putting them into a heap or pile. They will want many teachers, but not value these teachers for how they live godly lives or how accurately they teach. Alternate translation: “they will gather many teachers for themselves who will teach what they want” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 277 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | s375 | figs-idiom | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν | 1 | their ear itching | Paul speaks of people badly wanting to hear something as if their ears itched and could only be relieved if they found many teachers who would tell them what they wanted to hear. Alternate translation: “because they want to hear it so badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 278 | 2TI | 4 | 3 | p104 | figs-metonymy | κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν | 1 | their ear itching | Paul uses the **ear** figuratively to mean hearing. Alternate translation: “because they want to hear it so badly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 279 | 2TI | 4 | 4 | rh2i | figs-metaphor | ἀπὸ…τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν | 1 | will…turn their ear away from the truth | Paul speaks about people no longer paying attention as if they were physically turning their ears away so they could not hear. Alternate translation: “will no longer pay attention to the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 280 | 2TI | 4 | 4 | p105 | figs-metonymy | ἀπὸ…τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν ἀκοὴν ἀποστρέψουσιν | 1 | will…turn their ear away from the truth | Paul uses the **ear** figuratively to mean listening. Listening, in turn, figuratively means paying attention. Alternate translation: “will no longer pay attention to the truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 281 | 2TI | 4 | 4 | xrv7 | figs-metaphor | τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται | 1 | be turned aside to myths | Paul speaks about people starting to pay attention to myths as if someone were getting them to wander off in the wrong direction. Alternate translation: “these teachers will get them to pay attention to stories that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 282 | 2TI | 4 | 4 | p106 | figs-activepassive | τοὺς μύθους ἐκτραπήσονται | 1 | be turned aside to myths | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form, and you could say who would do the action. Alternate translation: “these teachers will get them to pay attention to stories that are not true” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 283 | 2TI | 4 | 5 | ehz7 | figs-metaphor | νῆφε | 1 | be sober | Paul wants his readers to think correctly about everything, and so he speaks as if he wanted them to be sober rather than drunk. Alternate translation: “think clearly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 284 | 2TI | 4 | 5 | tv3k | εὐαγγελιστοῦ | 1 | an evangelist | Alternate translation: “a person who proclaims the good news about Jesus” | |
| 285 | 2TI | 4 | 6 | p107 | ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι | 1 | I am already being poured out | While Paul speaks of his death as **already** happening, he means that it is an event that will happen soon. Alternate translation: “I will soon be poured out” | |
| 286 | 2TI | 4 | 6 | sh23 | figs-metaphor | ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι | 1 | I am already being poured out | Paul speaks of himself as if he were wine in a cup that was being poured out as a sacrifice to God. Alternate translation: “I will soon sacrifice my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 287 | 2TI | 4 | 6 | p108 | figs-activepassive | ἐγὼ…ἤδη σπένδομαι | 1 | I am already being poured out | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say this with an active form. Alternate translation: “I will soon sacrifice my life” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 288 | 2TI | 4 | 6 | fb7l | figs-euphemism | ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ἐφέστηκεν | 1 | the time of my departure is here | Paul refers to his death as a **departure**. This is a polite way of referring to something unpleasant. Alternate translation: “soon I will die and leave this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) |
| 289 | 2TI | 4 | 7 | d9ts | figs-metaphor | τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι | 1 | I have fought the good fight | Paul speaks of himself figuratively as if he has been competing in an athletic contest. This could mean one of two things. (1) The word **good** could describe the kind of effort Paul has made. Alternate translation: “I have done my best” (2) The word **good** could mean that Paul has pursued a worthwhile endeavor. Alternate translation: “I have worked hard for what really matters” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 290 | 2TI | 4 | 7 | kq83 | figs-metaphor | τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα | 1 | I have finished the race | Paul speaks of his life of service to God as if he had been running a race on foot. Alternate translation: “I have completed what I needed to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 291 | 2TI | 4 | 7 | vk2p | figs-metaphor | τὴν πίστιν τετήρηκα | 1 | I have kept the faith | Paul speaks of his trust in Christ and his obedience to God as if they were valuable objects that he has kept in his possession. This could mean one of two things. (1) Paul was faithful to do what God told him to do. Alternate translation: “I have remained faithful in doing my ministry” (2) Paul was faithful to teach the truth. Alternate translation: “I have preserved the teachings from any error” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 292 | 2TI | 4 | 8 | ujg5 | figs-activepassive | ἀπόκειταί μοι ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος | 1 | the crown of righteousness has been reserved for me | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God has reserved the crown of righteousness for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 293 | 2TI | 4 | 8 | hg8i | figs-metaphor | τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος | 1 | the crown of righteousness | This could mean one of two things: (1) The **crown** figuratively represents the reward that God gives to people who have lived the right way. Alternate translation: “the reward for the righteous” (2) The **crown** may represent righteousness itself. Just as the judge of a race gives a crown to the winner, when Paul finishes his life, God will declare that Paul is righteous. Alternate translation: “the reward that is righteousness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 294 | 2TI | 4 | 8 | dwn6 | translate-unknown | στέφανος | 1 | crown | See how you translated this in [2:5](../02/05.md). The **crown** was a wreath made of laurel tree leaves that was given to winners of athletic contests. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 295 | 2TI | 4 | 8 | n3k8 | figs-explicit | ἐν, ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ | 1 | on that day | As in [1:12](../01/12.md), this refers to the **day** when Jesus returns for judgment. Alternate translation: “on the day of judgment” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 296 | 2TI | 4 | 8 | uh88 | τοῖς ἠγαπηκόσι τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | those who have loved his appearing | Alternate translation: “those who are looking forward to his return” | |
| 297 | 2TI | 4 | 8 | p109 | figs-metonymy | τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ | 1 | his appearing | See how you translated this in [4:1](../04/01.md). Paul is referring figuratively to Christ’s return by association with the fact that he will appear once again to people on earth when he returns. Alternate translation: “his return” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 298 | 2TI | 4 | 9 | t8b7 | ἐλθεῖν…ταχέως | 1 | come…quickly | Alternate translation: “come … as soon as possible” | |
| 299 | 2TI | 4 | 10 | e4xx | translate-names | Δημᾶς…Κρήσκης…Τίτος | 1 | Demas…Crescens…Titus | These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 300 | 2TI | 4 | 10 | ji2l | figs-metonymy | τὸν νῦν αἰῶνα | 1 | the present age | The expression **the present age** refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Paul refers to these worldly things figuratively by association with the present time when people generally desire them, as opposed to the future time when the things of God will be established throughout the earth. Alternate translation: “the temporary comforts of this world” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 301 | 2TI | 4 | 10 | u2qb | figs-ellipsis | Κρήσκης εἰς Γαλατίαν, Τίτος εἰς Δαλματίαν | 1 | Crescens to Galatia, Titus to Dalmatia | Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. He means that like Demas, Crescens and Titus have left him. However, he is probably not saying that they did this because they also “loved this present age” like Demas. Alternate translation: “Crescens has left me and gone to Galatia, and Titus has left me and gone to Dalmatia” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 302 | 2TI | 4 | 10 | gs61 | translate-names | Γαλατίαν…Δαλματίαν | 1 | Galatia…Dalmatia | This are the names of Roman provinces. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 303 | 2TI | 4 | 11 | p110 | translate-names | Λουκᾶς…Μᾶρκον | 1 | Luke… Mark | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 304 | 2TI | 4 | 11 | w21u | μοι εὔχρηστος εἰς διακονίαν | 1 | he is useful to me for service | This could mean one of two things. (1) Mark is **useful** in helping Paul minister to others, especially by preaching and teaching. Alternate translation: “he is helpful to me in my ministry” (2) Mark is **useful** in helping Paul to take care of his personal needs. Alternate translation: “he can help take care of my needs” | |
| 305 | 2TI | 4 | 12 | p111 | translate-names | Τυχικὸν | 1 | Tychicus | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 306 | 2TI | 4 | 12 | p112 | translate-names | Ἔφεσον | 1 | Ephesus | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 307 | 2TI | 4 | 13 | d5rw | translate-unknown | φελόνην | 1 | cloak | The term **cloak** refers to a heavy garment worn over clothes. Alternate translation: “coat” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 308 | 2TI | 4 | 13 | v9b6 | translate-names | Κάρπῳ | 1 | Carpus | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 309 | 2TI | 4 | 13 | k6tj | translate-unknown | τὰ βιβλία | 1 | the books | The term **books** refers to scrolls. A scroll was a type of book made of one long sheet of papyrus or leather. After writing on a scroll or reading it, people would roll it up using rods on the ends. Alternate translation: “the scrolls” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 310 | 2TI | 4 | 13 | e395 | translate-unknown | μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας | 1 | especially the parchments | The term **parchments** may refer to a specific type of scroll. Alternate translation: “especially those made from animal skins” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 311 | 2TI | 4 | 14 | un4v | translate-unknown | Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ χαλκεὺς | 1 | Alexander the coppersmith | The term **coppersmith** refers to a person who worked with things made of copper and other metals. Alternate translation: “Alexander, who works with metal” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]]) |
| 312 | 2TI | 4 | 14 | kv94 | translate-names | Ἀλέξανδρος | 1 | Alexander | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 313 | 2TI | 4 | 14 | wbx4 | figs-metaphor | ἀποδώσει αὐτῷ ὁ Κύριος κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ | 1 | The Lord will repay him according to his deeds | Paul speaks figuratively of punishment as if it were repayment. Alternate translation: “the Lord will give him the right punishment for what he has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 314 | 2TI | 4 | 15 | i4aj | figs-metonymy | ἀντέστη τοῖς ἡμετέροις λόγοις | 1 | opposed our words | The term **words** refers to the message that Paul and Timothy and their co-workers teach. Alternate translation: “opposed the message that we teach” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 315 | 2TI | 4 | 16 | v847 | ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ | 1 | At my first defense | Paul is referring to the opening session of his trial. By writing **first**, he is likely indicating that he will have to appear in court again. Alternate translation: “at the opening session of my trial” or “when I first appeared in court and explained my actions” | |
| 316 | 2TI | 4 | 16 | f2c3 | οὐδείς μοι παρεγένετο | 1 | no one appeared with me | Paul explains to Timothy that he had to go to court alone, without any supporters. Alternate translation: “no one testified on my behalf” | |
| 317 | 2TI | 4 | 16 | rm2t | figs-activepassive | μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη | 1 | May it not be counted against them | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “may God not hold it against them” or “I pray that God does not punish those believers for deserting me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 318 | 2TI | 4 | 17 | t1fw | figs-metaphor | ὁ…Κύριός μοι παρέστη | 1 | the Lord stood with me | Paul is speaking as if the Lord had physically stood with him. Alternate translation: “the Lord helped me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 319 | 2TI | 4 | 17 | y69m | figs-activepassive | ἵνα δι’ ἐμοῦ τὸ κήρυγμα πληροφορηθῇ | 1 | so that through me, the proclamation might be fully carried out | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. This could mean one of two things. (1) At his trial, Paul was able to explain the entire message God had given him to proclaim. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to proclaim all of the Lord’s message” (2) Paul was able to continue proclaiming God’s message right through to this time when he expected to sacrifice his life. Alternate translation: “so that I was able to continue proclaiming the Lord’s message right to the end” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 320 | 2TI | 4 | 17 | p113 | figs-hyperbole | καὶ ἀκούσωσιν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | 1 | and all the Gentiles might hear | The word **all** is a figurative generalization. Alternate translation: “so that as many Gentiles as possible could hear it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 321 | 2TI | 4 | 17 | gsr8 | figs-metaphor | ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος | 1 | I was rescued out of the mouth of the lion | Paul speaks figuratively as if he had been in danger of being killed by a lion at his court appearance. He could mean the physical danger of being sentenced to execution, or the spiritual danger of being tempted not to speak boldly for Jesus, or both. It would probably be best to leave both possibilities open in your translation. Alternate translation: “I was rescued from great danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 322 | 2TI | 4 | 17 | p114 | figs-activepassive | ἐρύσθην ἐκ στόματος λέοντος | 1 | I was rescued out of the mouth of the lion | If your language does not use passive verbal forms, you can use an active form to express this same idea. Alternate translation: “God rescued me from great danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 323 | 2TI | 4 | 18 | p115 | figs-idiom | εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων | 1 | to the ages of the ages | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “forever and ever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) |
| 324 | 2TI | 4 | 19 | p116 | translate-names | Πρίσκαν | 1 | Priscilla | This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 325 | 2TI | 4 | 19 | p117 | translate-names | Ἀκύλαν | 1 | Aquila | This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 326 | 2TI | 4 | 19 | n4zc | figs-metonymy | τὸν Ὀνησιφόρου οἶκον | 1 | the household of Onesiphorus | See how you translated this in [1:16](../01/16.md). The word **household** refers to **Onesiphorus** and all the people in his family, possibly even his servants. Alternate translation: “Onesiphorus and everyone who lives with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 327 | 2TI | 4 | 19 | mef8 | translate-names | Ὀνησιφόρου | 1 | Onesiphorus | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in [1:16](../01/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 328 | 2TI | 4 | 20 | p118 | translate-names | Κορίνθῳ | 1 | Corinth | This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 329 | 2TI | 4 | 20 | lie9 | translate-names | Ἔραστος…Τρόφιμον | 1 | Erastus…Trophimus | These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 330 | 2TI | 4 | 20 | wp9h | translate-names | Μιλήτῳ | 1 | Miletus | This is the name of a city to the south of Ephesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 331 | 2TI | 4 | 21 | cvc7 | σπούδασον…ἐλθεῖν | 1 | Hasten to come | Alternate translation: “do your best to come” or “try as hard as you can to come” | |
| 332 | 2TI | 4 | 21 | eh95 | figs-explicit | πρὸ χειμῶνος | 1 | before winter | The implication is that Timothy should try to come to Paul before the cold weather arrives and makes travel difficult or even impossible. If winter is the warm season in your area and summer is the cold season, or if your area does not have a cold season but a rainy season, you can use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “before the cold weather makes travel difficult” or “before the weather changes and makes travel difficult” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 333 | 2TI | 4 | 21 | z1j9 | figs-ellipsis | ἀσπάζεταί σε Εὔβουλος, καὶ Πούδης, καὶ Λίνος, καὶ Κλαυδία, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | Eubulus greets you, and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and the brothers | Here Paul leaves out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages in order to be complete. To make sure that the meaning is clear, you can supply these words. The people listed after Eubulus are also greeting Timothy. Eubulus is not greeting them. Alternate translation: “Eubulus greets you, and so do Pudens, Linus, Claudia, and all the believers here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 334 | 2TI | 4 | 21 | p7px | translate-names | Εὔβουλος…Πούδης…Λίνος | 1 | Eubulus…Pudens…Linus | These are the names of three men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 335 | 2TI | 4 | 21 | er77 | translate-names | Κλαυδία | 1 | Claudia | This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 336 | 2TI | 4 | 21 | mk26 | figs-gendernotations | οἱ ἀδελφοὶ | 1 | the brothers | The word **brothers** means all believers, whether male or female. Alternate translation: “all the believers here” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]]) |
| 337 | 2TI | 4 | 22 | tx26 | figs-you | ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου | 1 | The Lord be with your spirit | Paul ends his letter with a blessing for Timothy. Here, **you** is singular and refers to Timothy. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord makes your spirit strong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 338 | 2TI | 4 | 22 | p119 | figs-synecdoche | ὁ Κύριος μετὰ τοῦ πνεύματός σου | 1 | The Lord be with your spirit | Paul figuratively describes Timothy as a whole person by reference to his **spirit**, perhaps because he is wishing particularly for Timothy to receive spiritual strengthening. Alternate translation: “I pray that the Lord makes you strong” or “I pray that the Lord will strengthen you spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 339 | 2TI | 4 | 22 | k85y | figs-you | ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν | 1 | Grace be with you | Paul ends his letter with a second blessing. The **you** is plural and refers to all the believers who are with Timothy. Alternate translation: “may grace be with all of you there” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) |
| 340 | 2TI | 4 | 22 | p120 | ἡ χάρις μεθ’ ὑμῶν | 1 | Grace be with you | If it would be clearer in your language, you could say who Paul wishes will make this happen. Alternate translation: “may God give grace to all of you” |