RobH_en_tn/en_tn_66-JUD.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	JUD	front	intro	xh5n			0		# Introduction to Jude<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of Jude<br><br>1. Introduction (1:1-2)<br>1. Warning against false teachers (1:3-4)<br>1. Old Testament examples (1:5-16)<br>1. Proper response (1:17-23)<br>1. Praises to God (1:24-25)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of Jude?<br><br>The author identified himself as Jude the brother of James. Both Jude and James were half-brothers of Jesus. It is unknown whether this letter was intended for a specific church.<br><br>### What is the Book of Jude about?<br><br>Jude wrote this letter to warn believers against false teachers. Jude often referred to the Old Testament. This may suggest that Jude was writing to a Jewish Christian audience. This letter and 2 Petter have similar content. They both speak about angels, Sodom and Gomorrah, and false teachers.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “Jude.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “The Letter from Jude” or “The Letter Jude Wrote.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### Who were the people Jude spoke against?<br><br>It is possible that the people Jude spoke against were those who would become known as Gnostics. These teachers distorted the teachings of scripture for their own gain. They lived in immoral ways and taught others to do the same.<br>
3	JUD	1	1	ek3q	figs-you		0	General Information:	Jude identifies himself as the writer of this letter and greets his readers. He was probably the half-brother of Jesus. There are two other Judes mentioned in the New Testament. The word “you” in this letter refers to the Christians to whom Jude was writing and is always plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4	JUD	1	1	npc3	translate-names	Ἰούδας, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος	1	Jude, a servant of	Jude is the brother of James. Alternate translation: “I am Jude, a servant of” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
5	JUD	1	1	m3v1		ἀδελφὸς ... Ἰακώβου	1	brother of James	James and Jude were half brothers of Jesus.
6	JUD	1	2	r5ae	figs-abstractnouns	ἔλεος ὑμῖν, καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ ἀγάπη πληθυνθείη	1	May mercy and peace and love be multiplied to you	“may mercy, peace, and love be increased many times for you.” These ideas are spoken of as if they were objects that could grow in size or number. This can be restate to remove the abstract nouns “mercy,” “peace,” and “love.” Alternate translation: “May God continue to be merciful to you so that you live peacefully and love one another more and more (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7	JUD	1	3	kjk6	figs-inclusive		0	General Information:	The word “our” in this letter includes both Jude and believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
8	JUD	1	3	yfa8			0	Connecting Statement:	Jude tells the believers his reason for writing this letter.
9	JUD	1	3	mi3w		τῆς κοινῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας	1	our common salvation	“the salvation we share”
10	JUD	1	3	si1u		ἀνάγκην ἔσχον γράψαι	1	I had to write	“I felt a great need to write” or “I felt an urgent need to write”
11	JUD	1	3	yyf4		παρακαλῶν ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι τῇ ... πίστει	1	to exhort you to struggle earnestly for the faith	“to encourage you to defend the true teaching”
12	JUD	1	3	j67u		ἅπαξ	1	once for all	“finally and completely”
13	JUD	1	4	v94i		παρεισέδυσαν γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι	1	For certain men have slipped in secretly among you	“For some men have come in among the believers without drawing attention to themselves”
14	JUD	1	4	wwz3	figs-activepassive	οἱ ... προγεγραμμένοι εἰς ... τὸ κρίμα	1	men who were marked out for condemnation	This can also be put into the active voice. Alternate translation: “men whom God chose to condemn” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
15	JUD	1	4	c642	figs-metaphor	τὴν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα μετατιθέντες εἰς ἀσέλγειαν	1	who have changed the grace of our God into sensuality	God’s grace is spoken of as if it were a thing that could be changed into something horrible. Alternate translation: “who teach that God’s grace permits one to continue to live in sexual sin” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
16	JUD	1	4	ws1b		τὸν μόνον Δεσπότην καὶ Κύριον ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν, ἀρνούμενοι	1	deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ	Possible meanings are 1) they teach that he is not God or 2) these men do not obey Jesus Christ.
17	JUD	1	5	fa5e			0	Connecting Statement:	Jude gives examples from the past of those who did not follow the Lord.
18	JUD	1	5	f4mm		Ἰησοῦς λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου σώσας	1	Jesus saved a people out of the land of Egypt	“the Lord rescued the Israelites long ago from Egypt”
19	JUD	1	6	pt1k		τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχὴν	1	their own position of authority	“the responsibilities God entrusted to them”
20	JUD	1	6	s3cn		δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις ὑπὸ ζόφον τετήρηκεν	1	God has kept them in everlasting chains, in utter darkness	“God has put these angels in a dark prison from which they will never escape”
21	JUD	1	6	s1j9	figs-metonymy	ζόφον	1	utter darkness	Here “darkness” is a metonym which represents the place of the dead or hell. Alternate translation: “in utter darkness in hell” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
22	JUD	1	6	ccz6		μεγάλης ἡμέρας	1	the great day	the final day when God will judge everyone
23	JUD	1	7	yn36	figs-metonymy	αἱ περὶ αὐτὰς πόλεις	1	the cities around them	Here “cities” stands for the people who lived in them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
24	JUD	1	7	r3e9		τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον τούτοις ἐκπορνεύσασαι	1	also indulged themselves	The sexual sins of Sodom and Gomorrah were the result of the same kind of rebellion as the angels’ evil ways.
25	JUD	1	7	pi4t		δεῖγμα ... δίκην ὑπέχουσαι	1	as examples of those who suffer the punishment	The destruction of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah became an example of the fate of all who reject God.
26	JUD	1	8	ujs2		οὗτοι ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι	1	these dreamers	the people who disobey God, probably because they claimed to see visions that gave them authority to do so
27	JUD	1	8	ez4l	figs-metaphor	σάρκα μὲν μιαίνουσιν	1	pollute their bodies	This metaphor says that their sin makes their bodies—that is, their actions—unacceptable the way garbage in a stream makes the water undrinkable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
28	JUD	1	8	e73k		βλασφημοῦσιν	1	say slanderous things	“speak insults”
29	JUD	1	8	pn3j		δόξας	1	glorious ones	This refers to spiritual beings, such as angels.
30	JUD	1	9	rmg9			0	General Information:	Balaam was a prophet who refused to curse Israel for an enemy but then taught that enemy to get the people to marry unbelievers and become idol worshipers. Korah was a man of Israel who rebelled against Moses’ leadership and Aaron’s priesthood.
31	JUD	1	9	uzj1		οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν ... ἐπενεγκεῖν	1	did not dare to bring	“controlled himself. He did not bring” or “was not willing to bring”
32	JUD	1	9	kib4		κρίσιν ... βλασφημίας	1	a slanderous judgment	“an evil-speaking judgment” or “an evil judgment”
33	JUD	1	9	v9fh		κρίσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασφημίας	1	bring a slanderous judgment against	“say evil, untrue things about”
34	JUD	1	10	h6sq		οὗτοι	1	these people	the ungodly people
35	JUD	1	10	fjm5		ὅσα μὲν οὐκ οἴδασιν	1	whatever they do not understand	“anything of which they do not know the meaning.” Possible meanings are 1) “everything good that they do not understand” or 2) “the glorious ones, which they do not understand” ([Jude 1:8](../01/08.md)).
36	JUD	1	11	j3g9	figs-metaphor	τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν ἐπορεύθησαν	1	walked in the way of Cain	“Walked in the way” here is a metaphor for “lived in the same way as.” Alternate translation: “lived the same way Cain lived” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
37	JUD	1	12	s4az			0	Connecting Statement:	Jude uses a series of metaphors to describe the ungodly men. He tells the believers how to recognize these men when they are among them.
38	JUD	1	12	r875		οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ	1	These are the ones	The word “These” refers to the “ungodly men” of [Jude 1:4](../01/04.md).
39	JUD	1	12	e25d	figs-metaphor	σπιλάδες	1	hidden reefs	Reefs are large rocks that are very close to the surface of water in the sea. Because sailors cannot see them, they are very dangerous. Ships can easily be destroyed if they hit these rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40	JUD	1	12	zk57	figs-metaphor	δὶς ἀποθανόντα ἐκριζωθέντα	1	twice dead, torn up by the roots	A tree that someone has uprooted is a metaphor for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
41	JUD	1	12	t28p	figs-metaphor	ἐκριζωθέντα	1	torn up by the roots	Like trees that have been completely pulled out of the ground by their roots, the ungodly people have been separated from God, who is the source of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
42	JUD	1	13	e4rm	figs-metaphor	κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης	1	violent waves in the sea	As the sea’s waves are blown by a strong wind, so the ungodly people are easily moved in many directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43	JUD	1	13	fgr9	figs-metaphor	ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας	1	foaming out their own shame	As wind causes wild waves to stir up dirty foam—so these men, through their false teaching and actions, shame themselves. Alternate translation: “and just as waves bring up foam and dirt, these men pollute others with their shame” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
44	JUD	1	13	r6rj	figs-metaphor	ἀστέρες πλανῆται	1	They are wandering stars	Those who studied the stars in ancient times noticed that what we call planets do not move the way that stars do. Alternate translation: “They are like moving stars” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
45	JUD	1	13	djm4	figs-metonymy	οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται	1	for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever	Here “darkness” is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Here “thick darkness” is an idiom that means “very dark.” The phrase “has been reserved” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “and God will put them in the gloom and darkness of hell forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
46	JUD	1	14	e5wv		ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ	1	the seventh from Adam	If Adam is counted as the first generation of mankind, Enoch is the seventh. If Adam’s son is counted as the first, Enoch is sixth in line.
47	JUD	1	14	lu2y		ἰδοὺ	1	Look	“Listen” or “Pay attention to this important thing I am going to say”
48	JUD	1	15	bl4q		ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ	1	to execute judgment on	“to make judgment on” or “to judge”
49	JUD	1	16	zs28		γογγυσταί μεμψίμοιροι	1	grumblers, complainers	People who do not want to obey and speak against godly authority. “Grumblers” tend to speak quietly, while “complainers” speak openly.
50	JUD	1	16	eaf2		λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα	1	loud boasters	People who praise themselves so that others can hear.
51	JUD	1	16	j8rh		θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα	1	flatter others	“give false praise to others”
52	JUD	1	18	w1mx	figs-metaphor	κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν	1	will follow their own ungodly desires	These people are spoken of as if their desires were kings who ruled over them. Alternate translation: “are never able to stop dishonoring God by doing the evil things they wish to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
53	JUD	1	18	j5m4	figs-metaphor	κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν	1	will follow their own ungodly desires	Ungodly desires are spoken of as if they were a path that a person will follow. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
54	JUD	1	19	r28j		οὗτοί εἰσιν	1	It is these	“It is these mockers” or “These mockers are the ones”
55	JUD	1	19	ba6u	figs-metaphor	ψυχικοί	1	are worldly	think as other ungodly people think, they value the things that unbelievers value (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
56	JUD	1	19	qn4p		Πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες	1	they do not have the Spirit	The Holy Spirit is spoken of as if he were something that people can possess. Alternate translation: “the Spirit is not within them”
57	JUD	1	20	e3ga			0	Connecting Statement:	Jude tells the believers how they should live and how they should treat others.
58	JUD	1	20	xm93		ὑμεῖς δέ, ἀγαπητοί	1	But you, beloved	“Do not be like them, beloved. Instead”
59	JUD	1	20	cc68	figs-metaphor	ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς	1	build yourselves up	Becoming increasingly able to trust in God and obey him is spoken of as if it were the process of constructing a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
60	JUD	1	21	zd2c	figs-metaphor	ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπῃ Θεοῦ τηρήσατε	1	Keep yourselves in God’s love	Remaining able to receive God’s love is spoken of as if one were keeping oneself in a certain place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
61	JUD	1	21	s6w6		προσδεχόμενοι	1	wait for	“eagerly look forward to”
62	JUD	1	21	p3bw	figs-metonymy	τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον	1	the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life	Here “mercy” stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
63	JUD	1	22	wbr5		οὓς ... διακρινομένους	1	those who doubt	“those who do not yet believe that Jesus is God”
64	JUD	1	23	wkj9	figs-metaphor	ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες	1	snatching them out of the fire	The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. Alternate translation: “doing for them whatever needs to be done to keep them from dying without Christ. This is like pulling them from the fire” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65	JUD	1	23	ign7		οὓς ... ἐλεᾶτε ἐν φόβῳ	1	To others be merciful with fear	“Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did”
66	JUD	1	23	u4px	figs-hyperbole	μισοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα	1	Hate even the garment stained by the flesh	Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. Alternate translation: “Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
67	JUD	1	24	r3jx			0	Connecting Statement:	Jude closes with a blessing.
68	JUD	1	24	w1dc	figs-metaphor	στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ	1	to cause you to stand before his glorious presence	His glory is brilliant light that represents his greatness. Alternate translation: “and to allow you to enjoy and worship his glory” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69	JUD	1	24	gq9e	figs-metaphor	τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους ἐν	1	glorious presence without blemish and with	Here sin is spoken of as if it were dirt on one’s body or a flaw on one’s body. Alternate translation: “glorious presence, where you will be without sin and have” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
70	JUD	1	25	a3ua		μόνῳ Θεῷ Σωτῆρι ἡμῶν, διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν	1	to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord	“to the only God, who saved us because of what Jesus Christ did.” This emphasizes that God the Father as well as the Son is the Savior.
71	JUD	1	25	kql5		δόξα, μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος, καὶ ἐξουσία, πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ νῦν, καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας. ἀμήν	1	be glory, majesty, dominion, and power, before all time, now, and forevermore	God has always had, now has, and always will have glory, absolute leadership, and complete control of all things.