RobH_en_tn/en_tn_44-JHN.tsv

Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
JHN	front	intro	t6za	Introduction to the Gospel of John		0		# Introduction to the Gospel of John<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of the Gospel of John<br><br>1. Introduction about who Jesus is (1:1-18)<br>1. Jesus is baptized, and he chooses twelve disciples (1:19-51)<br>1. Jesus preaches, teaches, and heals people (2-11)<br>1. The seven days before Jesus' death (12-19)<br>- Mary anoints the feet of Jesus (12:1-11)<br>- Jesus rides a donkey into Jerusalem (12:12-19)<br>- Some Greek men want to see Jesus (12:20-36)<br>- The Jewish leaders reject Jesus (12:37-50)<br>- Jesus teaches his disciples (13-17)<br>- Jesus is arrested and undergoes trial (18:1-19:15)<br>- Jesus is crucified and buried (19:16-42)<br>1. Jesus rises from the dead (20:1-29)<br>1. John says why he wrote his gospel (20:30-31)<br>1. Jesus meets with the disciples (21)<br><br>#### What is the Gospel of John about?<br><br>The Gospel of John is one of four books in the New Testament that describe some of the life of Jesus Christ. The authors of the gospels wrote about different aspects of who Jesus was and what he did. John said that he wrote his gospel "so that people might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of the living God" (20:31).<br><br>John's Gospel is very different from the other three Gospels. John does not include some of the teachings and events that the other writers included in their gospels. Also, John wrote about some teachings and events that are not in the other gospels.<br><br>John wrote much about the signs Jesus did to prove that what Jesus said about himself was true. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]])<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, "The Gospel of John" or "The Gospel According to John." Or they may choose a title that may be clearer, such as, "The Good News About Jesus That John Wrote." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>#### Who wrote the Gospel of John?<br><br>This book does not give the name of the author. However, since early Christian times, most Christians have thought that the Apostle John was the author.<br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### Why does John write so much about the final week of Jesus' life?<br><br>John wrote much about Jesus' final week. He wanted his readers to think deeply about Jesus' final week and his death on the cross. He wanted people to understand that Jesus willingly died on the cross so that God could forgive them for sinning against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### What do the words "remain," "reside," and "abide" mean in the Gospel of John?<br><br>John often used the words "remain," "reside", and "abide" as metaphors. John spoke of a believer becoming more faithful to Jesus and knowing Jesus better as if Jesus' word "remained" in the believer. Also, John spoke of someone being spiritually joined to someone else as if the person "remained" in the other person. Christians are said to "remain" in Christ and in God. The Father is said to "remain" in the Son, and the Son is said to "remain" in the Father. The Son is said to "remain" in believers. The Holy Spirit is also said to "remain" in the believers.<br><br>Many translators will find it impossible to represent these ideas in their languages in exactly the same way. For example, Jesus intended to express the idea of the Christian being spiritually together with him when he said, "He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him" (John 6:56). The UST uses the idea of "will be joined to me, and I will be joined to him." But translators may have to find other ways of expressing the idea.<br><br>In the passage, "If my words remain in you" (John 15:7), the UST expresses this idea as, "If you live by my message." Translators may find it possible to use this translation as a model.<br><br>#### What are the major issues in the text of the Gospel of John?<br><br>The following ver
JHN	01	intro	k29b	John 01 General Notes		0		# John 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 1:23, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "The Word"<br><br>John uses the phrase "the Word" to refer to Jesus ([John 1:1, 14](./01.md)). John is saying that God's most important message to all people is actually Jesus, a person with a physical body. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wordofgod]])<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### "Children of God"<br><br>When people believes in Jesus, they go from being "children of wrath" to "children of God." They are adopted into the "family of God."They are adopted into the "family of God." This is an important image that will be unfolded in the New Testament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adoption]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br><br>John uses the metaphors of light and darkness and of the Word to tell the reader that he will be writing more about good and evil and about what God wants to tell people through Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "In the beginning"<br><br>Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But "very long ago" is different from "in the beginning," and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly.<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 1:51](../../jhn/01/51.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	01	01	er9g			0	In the beginning	This refers to the very earliest time before God created the heavens and the earth.
JHN	01	01	z59q			0	the Word	This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If "Word" is feminine in your language, it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word."
JHN	01	03	gm5g	figs-activepassive		0	All things were made through him	This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: "God made all things through him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	01	03	aqs1	figs-activepassive		0	without him there was not one thing made that has been made	This can be translated with an active verb. If your language does not permit double negatives, these words should communicate that the opposite of "all things were made through him" is false. Alternate translation: "God did not make anything without him" or "with him there was every thing made that has been made" or "God made with him every thing that God has made" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	01	04	pz5c	figs-metonymy		0	In him was life, and the life was the light of men	"In him was life" is a metonym for causing everything to live. And, "light" here is a metaphor for "truth." Alternate translation: "He is the one who caused everything to live. And he revealed to people what is true about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	04	dv2f			0	In him	Here "him" refers to the one who is called the Word.
JHN	01	04	wxn4			0	life	Here use a general term for "life." If you must be more specific, translate as "spiritual life."
JHN	01	05	y5ry	figs-metaphor		0	The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it	Here "light" is a metaphor for what is true and good. Here "darkness" is a metaphor what is false and evil. Alternate translation: "The truth is like a light shining into a dark place, and no one in the dark place could put out the light" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	07	mht8	figs-metaphor		0	testify about the light	Here "light" is a metaphor for the revelation of God in Jesus. Alternate translation: "show how Jesus is like the true light of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	09	xe1z	figs-metaphor		0	The true light	Here light is a metaphor that represents Jesus as the one who both reveals the truth about God and is himself that truth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	10	b93e			0	He was in the world, and the world was made through him, and the world did not know him	"Even though he was in this world, and God created everything through him, people still did not recognize him"
JHN	01	10	ke5s	figs-metonymy		0	the world did not know him	The "world" is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "the people did not know who he really was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	01	11	jr6d			0	He came to his own, and his own did not receive him	"He came to his own fellow countrymen, and his own fellow countrymen did not accept him either"
JHN	01	11	va1w			0	receive him	"accept him." To receive someone is to welcome him and treat him with honor in hopes of building a relationship with him.
JHN	01	12	jp3y	figs-metonymy		0	believed in his name	The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. Alternate translation: "believed in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	01	12	x4f9			0	he gave the right	"he gave them the authority" or "he made it possible for them"
JHN	01	12	uc6e	figs-metaphor		0	children of God	The word "children" is a metaphor that represents our relationship to God, which is like children to a father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	14	ft2l			0	The Word	This refers to Jesus. Translate as "the Word" if possible. If "Word" is feminine in your language, it could be translated as "the one who is called the Word." See how you translated this in [John 1:1](../01/01.md).
JHN	01	14	x1ae	figs-synecdoche		0	became flesh	Here "flesh" represents "a person" or "a human being." Alternate translation: "became human" or "became a human being" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	01	14	wa23			0	the one and only who came from the Father	The phrase "the one an only" means that he is unique, that no one else is like him. The phrase "who came from the Father" means that he is the Father's child. Alternate translation: "the unique Son of the Father" or "the only Son of the Father"
JHN	01	14	b5t5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	01	14	tg4m			0	full of grace	"full of kind acts towards us, acts we do not deserve"
JHN	01	15	k7rm			0	He who comes after me	John is speaking about Jesus. The phrase "comes after me" means that John's ministry has already started and Jesus' ministry will start later.
JHN	01	15	q75h			0	is greater than I am	"is more important than I am" or "has more authority than I have"
JHN	01	15	lrd7			0	for he was before me	Be careful not to translate this in a way that suggests that Jesus is more important because he is older than John in human years. Jesus is greater and more important than John because he is God the Son, who has always been alive.
JHN	01	16	p3zg			0	fullness	This word refers to God's grace that has no end.
JHN	01	16	b9r1			0	grace after grace	"blessing after blessing"
JHN	01	18	h5cq	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	01	19	e1dz	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews sent ... to him from Jerusalem	The word "Jews" here represents the "Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders sent ... to him from Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	01	20	b7zz			0	He confessed—he did not deny, but confessed	The phrase "he did not deny" says in negative terms the same thing that "He confessed" says in positive terms. This emphasizes that John was telling the truth and was strongly stating that he was not the Christ. Your language may have a different way of doing this.
JHN	01	21	iv9d			0	What are you then?	"What then is the case, if you are not the Messiah?" or "What then is going on?" or "What then are you doing?"
JHN	01	22	t8ib	Connecting Statement:		0		John continues to speak with the priests and Levites.
JHN	01	22	sa3t			0	they said to him	"the priests and Levites said to John"
JHN	01	22	x8wz	figs-exclusive		0	we ... us	the priests and Levites, not John (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JHN	01	23	a732			0	He said	"John said"
JHN	01	23	baa5	figs-metonymy		0	I am a voice, crying in the wilderness	John is saying that Isaiah's prophecy is about himself. The word "voice" here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. Alternate translation: "I am the one calling out in the wilderness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	01	23	iry1	figs-metaphor		0	Make the way of the Lord straight	Here the word "way" is used as a metaphor. Alternate translation: "Prepare yourselves for the Lord's arrival the same way that people prepare the road for an important person to use" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	24	bk96	writing-background		0	Now some from the Pharisees	This is background information about the people who questioned John. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	01	26	r4ty	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 28 tells us background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	01	27	x2ki	figs-explicit		0	who comes after me	You may need to make explicit what he will do when he has come. Alternate translation: "who will preach to you after I am gone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	01	27	y7v5	figs-metaphor		0	me, the strap of whose sandal I am not worthy to untie	Untying sandals was the work of a slave or servant. These words are a metaphor for the most unpleasant work of a servant. Alternate translation: "me, whom I am not worthy to serve in even the most unpleasant way" or "me. I am not even worthy to untie the strap of his sandal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	29	j397	figs-metaphor		0	Lamb of God	This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	29	rg4n	figs-metonymy		0	world	The word "world" is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	01	30	x393			0	The one who comes after me is more than me, for he was before me	See how you translated this in [John 1:15](../01/15.md).
JHN	01	32	mcc7			0	descending	coming down from above
JHN	01	32	xyr3	figs-simile		0	like a dove	This phrase is a simile. The "Spirit" comes down just like a dove lands on a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JHN	01	32	uji2			0	heaven	The word "heaven" refers to the "sky."
JHN	01	34	ea3y	translate-textvariants		0	the Son of God	Some copies of this text say "Son of God"; others say "chosen one of God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JHN	01	34	naf2	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	01	35	i3lg			0	Again, the next day	This is another day. It is the second day that John sees Jesus.
JHN	01	36	ap5m	figs-metaphor		0	Lamb of God	This is a metaphor that represents God's perfect sacrifice. Jesus is called the "Lamb of God" because he was sacrificed to pay for people's sins. See how you translated this same phrase in [John 1:29](../01/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	01	39	tb9j			0	tenth hour	"hour 10." This phrase indicates a time in the afternoon, before dark, at which it would be too late to start traveling to another town, possibly around 4 p.m.
JHN	01	40	x8g8			0	General Information:	These verses give us information about Andrew and how he brought his brother Peter to Jesus. This happened before they went and saw where Jesus was staying in [John 1:39](../01/39.md).
JHN	01	42	k2dx			0	son of John	This is not John the Baptist. "John" was a very common name.
JHN	01	44	i5bm	writing-background		0	Now Philip was from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter	This is background information about Philip. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	01	46	s2kg			0	Nathaniel said to him	"Nathaniel said to Philip"
JHN	01	46	i4wp	figs-rquestion		0	Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?	This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "No good thing can come out of Nazareth!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	01	47	ys8d	figs-litotes		0	in whom is no deceit	This can be stated in a positive way. Alternate translation: "a completely truthful man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JHN	01	49	l666	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	01	50	p3ma	figs-rquestion		0	Because I said to you ... do you believe?	This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: "You believe because I said, 'I saw you underneath the fig tree'! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	01	51	ga44			0	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true.
JHN	02	intro	jav2	John 02 General Notes		0		# John 02 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Wine<br><br>The Jews drank wine at many meals and especially when they were celebrating special events. They did not believe that it was a sin to drink wine.<br><br>##### Driving out the money changers<br><br>Jesus drove the money changers out of the temple to show that he had authority over the temple and over all of Israel.<br><br>##### "He knew what was in man"<br><br>Jesus knew what other people were thinking only because he was and is the Son of Man and the Son of God.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "His disciples remembered"<br><br>John used this phrase to stop telling the main history and to tell about something that happened much later. It was right after he scolded the pigeon sellers ([John 2:16](../../jhn/02/16.md)) that the Jewish authorities spoke to him. It was after Jesus became alive again that his disciples remembered what the prophet had written long before and that Jesus was talking about the temple of his body ([John 2:17](../../jhn/02/17.md) and [John 2:22](../../jhn/02/22.md)).<br>
JHN	02	01	rl16	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus and his disciples are invited to a wedding. These verse give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	02	01	vw9e			0	Three days later	Most interpreters read this as on the third day after Jesus called Philip and Nathaniel to follow him. The first day occurs in John 1:35 and the second in John 1:43.
JHN	02	02	xm3r	figs-activepassive		0	Jesus and his disciples were invited to the wedding	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "Someone invited Jesus and his disciples to the wedding" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	02	04	a2ji			0	Woman	This refers to Mary. If it is impolite for a son to call his mother "woman" in your language, use another word that is polite, or leave it out.
JHN	02	04	jc75	figs-rquestion		0	why do you come to me?	This question is asked to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: "this has nothing to do with me." or "you should not tell me what to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	02	04	v5x5	figs-metonymy		0	My time has not yet come	The word "time" is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. Alternate translation: "It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	02	06	y7p3	translate-bvolume		0	two to three metretes	You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "75 to 115 liters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
JHN	02	07	vt75			0	to the brim	This means "to the very top" or "completely full."
JHN	02	08	h9gr			0	the head waiter	This refers to the person in charge of the food and drink.
JHN	02	09	yg44	writing-background		0	but the servants who had drawn the water knew	This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	02	10	mh3s			0	drunk	unable to tell the difference between cheap wine and expensive wine because of drinking too much alcohol
JHN	02	11	sq53	writing-newevent		0		This verse is not part of the main story line, but rather it gives a comment about the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN	02	11	r5kb	translate-names		0	Cana	This is a place name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	02	11	z3tk			0	revealed his glory	Here "his glory" refers to the mighty power of Jesus. Alternate translation: "showed his power"
JHN	02	12	h9tu			0	went down	This indicates that they went from a higher place to a lower place. Capernaum is northeast of Cana and is at a lower elevation.
JHN	02	12	x3f7			0	his brothers	The word "brothers" includes both brothers and sisters. All Jesus' brothers and sisters were younger than he was.
JHN	02	13	bh23			0	General Information:	Jesus and his disciples go up to Jerusalem to the temple.
JHN	02	13	xr29			0	went up to Jerusalem	This indicates that he went from a lower place to a higher place. Jerusalem is built on a hill.
JHN	02	14	i8lv			0	were sitting there	The next verse makes it clear that these people are in the temple courtyard. That area was intended for worship and not for commerce.
JHN	02	14	sa75			0	sellers of oxen and sheep and pigeons	People are buying animals in the temple courtyard to sacrifice them to God.
JHN	02	14	qu9k			0	money changers	Jewish authorities required people who wanted to buy animals for sacrifices to exchange their money for special money from the "money changers."
JHN	02	15	x6et			0	So	This word marks an event that happens because of something else that has happened first. In this case, Jesus has seen the money changers sitting in the temple.
JHN	02	16	r16m			0	Stop making the house of my Father a marketplace	"Stop buying and selling things in my Father's house"
JHN	02	16	h6qy			0	the house of my Father	This is a phrase Jesus uses to refer to the temple.
JHN	02	16	grg3	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title that Jesus uses for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	02	17	c2pu	figs-activepassive		0	it was written	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "someone had written" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	02	17	ua3v			0	your house	This term refers to the temple, God's house.
JHN	02	17	gg1w	figs-metaphor		0	consume	The word "consume" points to the metaphor of "fire." Jesus' love for the temple is like a fire that burns within him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	02	18	qtx1			0	sign	This refers to an event that proves something is true.
JHN	02	18	r5rw			0	these things	This refers to Jesus' actions against the money changers in the temple.
JHN	02	19	mp6i	figs-hypo		0	Destroy this temple, ... I will raise it up	Jesus is stating a hypothetical situation in which something would certainly happen if something else that is not true were true. In this case, he would certainly raise the temple up if the Jewish authorities were to destroy it. He is not commanding the Jewish authorities to tear down the actual temple building. You can translate the words "destroy" and "raise" using the usual words for tearing down and rebuilding a building. Alternate translation: "If you destroy this temple, I will certainly raise it up" or "You can be certain that if you were to destroy this temple, I would raise it up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	02	19	k2pz			0	raise it up	"cause it to stand"
JHN	02	20	g6jx	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	Verses 21 and 22 are not part of the main story line, but instead they comment on the story and tell about something that happens later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
JHN	02	20	rn6x	translate-numbers		0	forty-six years ... three days	"46 years ... 3 days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN	02	20	xbx3	figs-rquestion		0	you will raise it up in three days?	This remark appears in the form of a question to show that the Jewish authorities understand that Jesus wants to tear down the temple and build it again in three days. "Raise" is an idiom for "establish." Alternate translation: "you will establish it in three days?" or "you cannot possibly rebuild it in three days!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	02	22	gq2w			0	believed	Here "believe" means to accept something or trust that it is true.
JHN	02	22	ewi1			0	this statement	This refers back to Jesus' statement in [John 2:19](../02/19.md).
JHN	02	23	kvn6			0	Now when he was in Jerusalem	The word "now" introduces us to a new event in the story.
JHN	02	23	w3qv	figs-metonymy		0	believed in his name	Here "name" is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. Alternate translation: "believed in him" or "trusted in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	02	23	u65n			0	the signs that he did	Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN	02	25	et23	figs-gendernotations		0	about man, for he knew what was in man	Here the word "man" represents people in general. Alternate translation: "about people, for he knew what was in people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
JHN	03	intro	i7a7	John 03 General Notes		0		# John 03 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 3:13](../../jhn/03/13.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	03	01	yl6f			0	General Information:	Nicodemus comes to see Jesus.
JHN	03	01	s9p9	writing-participants		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a new part of the story and to introduce Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN	03	02	skq8			0	we know	Here "we" is exclusive, referring only to Nicodemus and the other members of the Jewish council.
JHN	03	03	b9u1	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus and Nicodemus continue talking.
JHN	03	03	nz18			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	03	03	t8pt			0	born again	"born from above" or "born of God"
JHN	03	03	ikj9	figs-metaphor		0	kingdom of God	The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God. Alternate translation: "place where God rules" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	03	04	wa1p	figs-rquestion		0	How can a man be born when he is old?	Nicodemus uses this question to emphasize that this cannot happen. Alternate translation: "A man certainly cannot be born again when he is old!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	03	04	yk9d	figs-rquestion		0	He cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb and be born, can he?	Nicodemus also uses this question to emphasize his belief that a second birth is impossible. "Certainly, he cannot enter a second time into his mother's womb! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	03	04	z64b			0	a second time	"again" or "twice"
JHN	03	04	ppr8			0	womb	the part of a woman's body where a baby grows
JHN	03	05	il52			0	Truly, truly	You can translate this in the same way you did in [John 3:3](../03/03.md).
JHN	03	05	n6d7	figs-metaphor		0	born of water and the Spirit	There are two possible meanings: 1) "baptized in water and in the Spirit" or 2) "born physically and spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	03	05	m37g	figs-metaphor		0	enter into the kingdom of God	The word "kingdom" is a metaphor for the rule of God in one's life. Alternate translation: "experience the rule of God in his life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	03	07	t2sl	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to Nicodemus.
JHN	03	07	lpj4			0	You must be born again	"You must be born from above"
JHN	03	08	p87y	figs-personification		0	The wind blows wherever it wishes	In the source language, wind and Spirit are the same word. The speaker here refers to the wind as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "The Holy Spirit is like a wind that blows wherever it wants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN	03	09	g4ji	figs-rquestion		0	How can these things be?	This question adds emphasis to the statement. Alternate translation: "This cannot be!" or "This is not able to happen!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	03	10	gw2h	figs-rquestion		0	Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand these things?	Jesus knows that Nicodemus is a teacher. He is not looking for information. Alternate translation: "You are a teacher of Israel, so I am surprised you do not understand these things!" or "You are a teacher of Israel, so you should understand these things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	03	10	gbu5			0	Are you a teacher ... yet you do not understand	The word "you" is singular and refers to Nicodemus. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
JHN	03	11	j1k1			0	you do not accept	The word "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you)
JHN	03	11	jt1f			0	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	03	11	upi7	figs-exclusive		0	we speak	When Jesus said "we," he was not including Nicodemus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JHN	03	12	y4e9	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues responding to Nicodemus.
JHN	03	12	pt4x	figs-you		0	I told you ... you do not believe ... how will you believe if I tell you	In all three places "you" is plural and refers to Jews in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN	03	12	c6ia	figs-rquestion		0	how will you believe if I tell you about heavenly things?	This question emphasizes the disbelief of Nicodemus and the Jews. Alternate translation: "you certainly will not believe if I tell you about heavenly things!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	03	12	lbv3			0	heavenly things	spiritual things
JHN	03	14	tb3s	figs-simile		0	Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of Man be lifted up	This figure of speech is called a simile. Some people will "lift up" Jesus just as Moses "lifted up" the bronze serpent in the wilderness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
JHN	03	14	f9yi			0	in the wilderness	The wilderness is a dry, desert place, but here it refers specifically to the place where Moses and the Israelites walked around for forty years.
JHN	03	16	uxc2	figs-metonymy		0	God so loved the world	Here "world" is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	03	16	jen2			0	loved	This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love.
JHN	03	17	b7vf	figs-parallelism		0	For God did not send the Son into the world in order to condemn the world, but in order to save the world through him	These two clauses mean nearly the same thing, said twice for emphasis, first in the negative and then in the positive. Some languages may indicate emphasis in a different way. Alternate translation: God's real reason for sending his Son into the world was to save it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	03	17	rv45			0	to condemn	"to punish." Usually "punish" implies that the person who has been punished is then accepted by God. When a person is condemned, he is punished but never accepted by God.
JHN	03	18	eb54	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	03	19	z9d2	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus finishes responding to Nicodemus.
JHN	03	19	t9z5	figs-metaphor		0	The light has come into the world	The word "light" is a metaphor for God's truth that is revealed in Jesus. Jesus speaks of himself in the third person. If your language does not allow people to speak of themselves in the third person, you may need to specify who the light is. The "world" is a metonym for all of the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "The one who is like a light has revealed God's truth to all people" or "I, who am like a light, have come into the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JHN	03	19	h4nk	figs-metaphor		0	men loved the darkness	Here "darkness" is a metaphor for evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	03	20	u25p	figs-activepassive		0	so that his deeds will not be exposed	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that the light will not show the things he does" or "so that the light does not make clear his deeds" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	21	l7ax	figs-activepassive		0	plainly seen that his deeds	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "people may clearly see his deeds" or "everyone may clearly see the things he does" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	22	uy4j			0	After this	This refers to after Jesus had spoken with Nicodemus. See how you translated this in [John 2:12](../02/12.md).
JHN	03	23	x1ge	translate-names		0	Aenon	This word means "springs," as of water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	03	23	e5v2	translate-names		0	Salim	a village or town next to the Jordan River (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	03	23	jh2w			0	because there was much water there	"because there were many springs in that place"
JHN	03	23	ukz2	figs-activepassive		0	were being baptized	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "John was baptizing them" or "he was baptizing them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	25	ft8r	figs-activepassive		0	Then there arose a dispute between some of John's disciples and a Jew	This can be stated in an active form for clarity. Alternate translation: "Then John's disciples and a Jew began to argue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	25	fuq2			0	a dispute	a fight using words
JHN	03	26	jr28			0	you have testified, look, he is baptizing,	In this phrase, "look" is a command meaning "pay attention!" Alternate translation: "you have testified, 'Look! He is baptizing,'" or "you have testified. 'Look at that! He is baptizing,'" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
JHN	03	27	kl21			0	A man cannot receive anything unless	"Nobody has any power unless"
JHN	03	27	hap4	figs-metonymy		0	it has been given to him from heaven	Here "heaven" is used as a metonym to refer to God. This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "God has given it to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	28	l9yt	figs-you		0	You yourselves	This "You" is plural and refers to all the people John is talking to. Alternate translation: "You all" or "All of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	03	28	nf9l	figs-activepassive		0	I have been sent before him	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: "God sent me to arrive before him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	29	k5xq	Connecting Statement:		0		John the Baptist continues speaking.
JHN	03	29	p569	figs-metaphor		0	The bride belongs to the bridegroom	Here the "bride" and "bridegroom" are metaphors. Jesus is like the "bridegroom" and John is like the friend of the "bridegroom." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	03	29	wkb8	figs-activepassive		0	This, then, is my joy made complete	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "So then I rejoice greatly" or "So I rejoice much" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	03	29	hnw2			0	my joy	The word "my" refers to John the Baptist, the one who is speaking.
JHN	03	30	kn9s			0	He must increase	"He" refers to the bridegroom, Jesus, who will continue to grow in importance.
JHN	03	31	qd7t			0	He who comes from above is above all	"He who comes from heaven is more important than anyone else"
JHN	03	31	mhk9	figs-metonymy		0	He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth	John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. Alternate translation: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	03	31	qrg7			0	He who comes from heaven is above all	This means the same thing as the first sentence. John repeats this for emphasis.
JHN	03	32	c5yt			0	He testifies about what he has seen and heard	John is speaking about Jesus. Alternate translation: "The one from heaven tells about what he has seen and heard in heaven"
JHN	03	32	kqi1	figs-hyperbole		0	no one accepts his testimony	Here John exaggerates to emphasize that only a few people believe Jesus. Alternate translation: "very few people believe him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	03	33	k36d			0	He who has received his testimony	"Anyone who believes what Jesus says"
JHN	03	33	g5x4			0	has confirmed	"proves" or "agrees"
JHN	03	34	db8m	Connecting Statement:		0		John the Baptist finishes speaking.
JHN	03	34	rr83			0	For the one whom God has sent	"This Jesus, whom God has sent to represent him"
JHN	03	34	bnx8			0	For he does not give the Spirit by measure	"For he is the one to whom God gave all the power of his Spirit"
JHN	03	35	hmk4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	03	35	ha4e	figs-idiom		0	given ... into his hand	This means to be put in his power or control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	03	36	u1ks			0	He who believes	"A person who believes" or "Anyone who believes"
JHN	03	36	zy7u			0	the wrath of God stays on him	The abstract noun "wrath" can be translated with the verb "punish." Alternate translation: "God will continue to punish him" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns)
JHN	04	intro	j1hv	John 04 General Notes		0		# John 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>John 4:4-38 forms one story centered on the teaching of Jesus as the "living water" who gives eternal life to all who believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "It was necessary for him to pass through Samaria"<br><br>Jews avoided traveling through the region of Samaria because the Samaritans were descendants of ungodly people. So Jesus had to do what most Jews did not want to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/names/kingdomofisrael]])<br><br>##### "The hour is coming"<br><br>Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. "The hour" in which true worshipers will worship in spirit and truth is longer than sixty minutes.<br><br>##### The proper place of worship<br><br>Long before Jesus lived, the Samaritan people had broken the law of Moses by setting up a false temple in their land ([John 4:20](../../jhn/04/20.md)). Jesus explained to the woman that it was no longer important where people worshiped ([John 4:21-24](./21.md)).<br><br>##### Harvest<br><br>Harvest is when people go out to get the food they have planted so they can bring it to their houses and eat it. Jesus used this as a metaphor to teach his followers that they need to go and tell other people about Jesus so those people can be part of God's kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>##### "The Samaritan woman"<br><br>John probably told this story to show the difference between the Samaritan woman, who believed, and the Jews, who did not believe and later killed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "In spirit and truth"<br><br>The people who truly know who God is and enjoy worshiping him and love him for who he is are the ones who truly please him. Where they worship is not important.<br>
JHN	04	01	jum6	writing-background		0	General Information:	John 4:1-6 gives the background to the next event, Jesus' conversation with a Samaritan woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	04	01	ci4n	Connecting Statement:		0		A long sentence begins here.
JHN	04	01	b1vc			0	Now when Jesus knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was making and baptizing more disciples than John	"Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John. When he knew that the Pharisees had heard that he was doing this."
JHN	04	01	h6ek			0	Now when Jesus knew	The word "now" is used here to mark a break in the main events. Here John starts to tell a new part of the narrative.
JHN	04	02	d4ng	figs-rpronouns		0	Jesus himself was not baptizing	The reflexive pronoun "himself" adds emphasis that it was not Jesus who was baptizing, but his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	04	03	dm2t			0	he left Judea and went back again to Galilee	You may need to rearrange the entire sentence that begins with the words "Now when Jesus" in verse 1. "Now Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John (although Jesus himself was not baptizing, but his disciples were). The Pharisees heard that Jesus was doing this. When Jesus knew that the Pharisees learned what he was doing, he left Judea and went back again to Galilee"
JHN	04	07	g82d			0	Give me some water	This is a polite request, not a command.
JHN	04	08	u29c			0	For his disciples had gone	He did not ask his disciples to draw water for him because they had gone.
JHN	04	09	l2qh			0	Then the Samaritan woman said to him	The word "him" refers to Jesus.
JHN	04	09	xdw7	figs-rquestion		0	How is it that you, being a Jew, are asking ... for something to drink?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Samaritan woman's surprise that Jesus asked her for a drink. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe that you, being a Jew, are asking a Samaritan for a drink!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	04	09	px8w			0	have no dealings with	"do not associate with"
JHN	04	10	zub5	figs-metaphor		0	living water	Jesus uses the metaphor "living water" to refer to the Holy Spirit who works in a person to transform and bring new life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	04	12	di9q	figs-rquestion		0	You are not greater, are you, than our father Jacob ... cattle?	This remark occurs in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You are not greater than our father Jacob ... cattle!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	04	12	knw5			0	our father Jacob	"our ancestor Jacob"
JHN	04	12	sj7n			0	drank from it	"drank water that came from it"
JHN	04	13	leu7			0	will be thirsty again	"will need to drink water again"
JHN	04	14	g598	figs-metaphor		0	the water that I will give him will become a fountain of water in him	Here the word "fountain" is a metaphor for life-giving water. Alternate translation: "the water that I will give him will become like a spring of water in him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	04	14	fha9			0	eternal life	Here "life" refers to the "spiritual life" that only God can give.
JHN	04	15	iz1p			0	Sir	In this context, the Samaritan woman is addressing Jesus as "Sir," which is a term of respect or politeness.
JHN	04	15	hd9f			0	draw water	"get water" or "pull water up from the well" using a container and rope
JHN	04	18	zpl1			0	What you have said is true	Jesus says these words to emphasize his words to emphasize the words "You are right in saying, 'I have no husband'" in verse 17. He wants the woman to know that he knows she is telling the truth.
JHN	04	19	kfs1			0	Sir	In this context the Samaritan woman is addressesing Jesus as "sir," which is a term of respect or politeness.
JHN	04	19	za2w			0	I see that you are a prophet	"I can understand that you are a prophet"
JHN	04	20	hp3m			0	Our fathers	"Our forefathers" or "Our ancestors"
JHN	04	21	klz9			0	Believe me	To believe someone is to acknowledge what the person has said is true.
JHN	04	21	nu5m			0	you will worship the Father	Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
JHN	04	21	ff27	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	04	22	guu4			0	You worship what you do not know. We worship what we know	Jesus means that God revealed himself and his commands to the Jewish people, not to the Samaritans. Through the Scriptures the Jewish people know who God is better than the Samaritans.
JHN	04	22	i2df			0	for salvation is from the Jews	This means that God has chosen the Jews as his special people who will tell all other people about his salvation. It does not mean the Jewish people will save others from their sins. Alternate translation: "for all people will know about God's salvation because of the Jews"
JHN	04	22	yj1y			0	salvation is from the Jews	Eternal salvation from sin comes from God the Father, who is Yahweh, the God of the Jews.
JHN	04	23	bs1p	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Samaritan woman.
JHN	04	23	atm4			0	However, the hour is coming, and is now here, when true worshipers will	"However, it is now the right time for true worshipers to"
JHN	04	23	k1gf	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	04	23	fb51			0	in spirit and truth	Possible meanings are the "spirit" here is 1) the inner person, the mind and heart, what a person thinks and what he loves, different from where he goes to worship and what ceremonies he performs, or 2) the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: "in the Spirit and in truth" or "with the Spirit's help and in truth"
JHN	04	23	utt7			0	in ... truth	thinking correctly of what is true about God
JHN	04	25	lp44			0	I know that the Messiah ... Christ	Both of these words mean "God's promised king."
JHN	04	25	u8nb	figs-explicit		0	he will explain everything to us	The words "explain everything" imply all that the people need to know. Alternate translation: "he will tell us everything we need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	04	27	vk5j			0	At that moment his disciples returned	"Just as Jesus was saying this, his disciples returned from town"
JHN	04	27	p39j			0	Now they were wondering why he was speaking with a woman	It was very unusual for a Jew to speak with a woman he did not know, especially if that woman was a Samaritan.
JHN	04	27	cbc9			0	no one said, "What ... want?" or "Why ... her?"	Possible meanings are 1) the disciples asked both questions to Jesus or 2) "no one asked the woman, 'What ... want?' or asked Jesus, 'Why ... her?'"
JHN	04	29	hb5h	figs-hyperbole		0	Come, see a man who told me everything that I have ever done	The Samaritan woman exaggerates to show that she is impressed by how much Jesus knows about her. Alternate translation: "Come see a man who knows very much about me, even though I have never met him before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	04	29	dl18			0	This could not be the Christ, could it?	The woman is not sure that Jesus is the Christ, so she asks a question that expects "no" for an answer, but she also asks a question instead of making a statement because she wants the people to decide for themselves.
JHN	04	31	t6hy			0	In the meantime	"While the woman was going into town"
JHN	04	31	d4fu			0	the disciples were urging him	"the disciples were telling Jesus" or "the disciples were encouraging Jesus"
JHN	04	32	j8h2			0	I have food to eat that you do not know about	Here Jesus is not talking about literal "food," but is preparing his disciples for a spiritual lesson in [John 4:34](../04/34.md).
JHN	04	33	w451	figs-rquestion		0	No one has brought him anything to eat, have they?	The disciples think Jesus is talking about literal "food." They begin asking each other this question, expecting a "no" response. Alternate translation: "Surely no one brought him any food while we were in town!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	04	34	tvp1	figs-metaphor		0	My food is to do the will of him who sent me and to complete his work	Here "food" is a metaphor that represents "obeying God's will." Alternate translation: "Just as food satisfies a hungry person, obeying God's will is what satisfies me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	04	35	u5d6			0	Do you not say	"Is this not one of your popular sayings"
JHN	04	35	tyw3	figs-metaphor		0	look up and see the fields, for they are already ripe for harvest	The words "fields" and "ripe for harvest" are metaphors. The "fields" represent people. The words "ripe for harvest" mean that people are ready to receive the message of Jesus, like fields that are ready to be harvested. Alternate translation: "look up and see the the people! They are ready to believe my message, like crops in the fields that are ready for people to harvest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	04	36	qc31	figs-metaphor		0	and gathers fruit for everlasting life	Here "fruit for everlasting life" is a metaphor that represents people who believe Christ's message and receive eternal life. Alternate translation: "and the people who believe the message and receive eternal life are like the fruit that a harvester gathers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	04	37	w4xn	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN	04	37	rqe7	figs-metaphor		0	One sows, and another harvests	The words "sows" and "harvests" are metaphors. The one who "sows" shares the message of Jesus. The one who "harvests" helps the people to receive the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "One person plants the seeds, and another person harvests the crops" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	04	38	slw4			0	you have entered into their labor	"you are now joining in their work"
JHN	04	39	mc7p			0	believed in him	To "believe in" someone means to "trust in" that person. Here this also means that they believed he was the Son of God.
JHN	04	39	qda3	figs-hyperbole		0	He told me everything that I have done	This is an exaggeration. The woman was impressed by how much Jesus knew about her. Alternate translation: "He told me many things about my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	04	41	qrj5	figs-metonymy		0	his word	Here "word" is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. Alternate translation: "his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	04	42	k4cz	figs-metonymy		0	world	The "world" is a metonym for all the believers throughout the world. Alternate translation: "all the believers in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	04	43	n1mk	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus goes down to Galilee and heals a boy. Verse 44 gives us background information about something Jesus had said previously. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	04	43	gj2f			0	from there	from Judea
JHN	04	44	t1li	figs-rpronouns		0	For Jesus himself declared	The reflexive pronoun "himself" is added to emphasize that Jesus had "declared" or said this.. You can translate this in your language in a way that will give emphasis to a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	04	44	fx22			0	a prophet has no honor in his own country	"people do not show respect or honor to a prophet of their own country" or "a prophet is not respected by the people in his own community"
JHN	04	45	v9la			0	at the festival	Here the festival is the Passover.
JHN	04	46	ffm3			0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line and to move to a new part of the story. If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
JHN	04	46	bp3w			0	royal official	someone who is in the service of the king
JHN	04	48	u73r	figs-doublenegatives		0	Unless you see signs and wonders, you will not believe	"Unless ... not believe" here is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to translate this statement in a positive form. Alternate translation: "Only if you see a miracle will you believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	04	50	uwa3	figs-metonymy		0	believed the word	Here "word" is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. Alternate translation: "believed the message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	04	51	a5gw			0	While	This word is used to mark two events that are happening at the same time. As the official was going home, his servants were coming to meet him on the road.
JHN	04	53	jhg4			0	So he himself and his whole household believed	The reflexive pronoun "himself" is used here to emphasize the word "he." If you have a way of doing this in your language, you may consider using it.
JHN	04	54	k5x6			0	sign	Miracles can also be called "signs" because they are used as indicators or evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN	05	intro	qe17	John 05 General Notes		0		# John 05 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Healing water<br><br>Many of the Jews believed that God would heal people who got into some of the pools in Jerusalem when the waters were "stirred up."<br><br>##### Testimony<br><br>Testimony is what one person says about another person. What a person says about himself is not as important as what other people say about that person. Jesus told the Jews that God had told them who Jesus was, so he did not need to tell them who he was. This was because God had told the writers of the Old Testament what his Messiah would do, and Jesus had done everything they had written that he would do.<br><br>##### The resurrection of life and the resurrection of judgment<br><br>God will make some people alive again and because he gives them his grace, they will live with him forever. But he will make some people alive again and because he will treat them justly, they will live apart from him forever.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### The Son, the Son of God, and the Son of Man<br><br>Jesus refers to himself in this chapter as the "Son" ([John 5:19](../../jhn/05/19.md)), the "Son of God" ([John 5:25](../../jhn/05/25.md)), and the "Son of Man" ([John 5:27](../../jhn/05/27.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	05	01	urn9	writing-background		0	General Information:	This is the next event in the story, in which Jesus goes up to Jerusalem and heals a man. These verses give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	05	01	ea65			0	After this	This refers to after Jesus healed the official's son. See how you translated this in [John 3:22](../03/22.md).
JHN	05	01	b1pz			0	there was a Jewish festival	"the Jews were celebrating a festival"
JHN	05	01	z4th			0	went up to Jerusalem	Jerusalem is located on the top of a hill. Roads to Jerusalem went up and down smaller hills. If your language has a different word for going up a hill than for walking on level ground, you may use it here.
JHN	05	02	h3w5			0	pool	This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework.
JHN	05	02	dt12	translate-names		0	Bethesda	a place name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	05	02	luz3			0	roofed porches	roofed structures with at least one wall missing and attached to buildings
JHN	05	03	ytj4			0	A large number of people	"Many people"
JHN	05	05	r1gt	writing-participants		0	General Information:	Verse 5 introduces the man lying beside the pool to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN	05	05	bez8			0	was there	"was at the Bethesda pool" ([John 5:1](../05/01.md))
JHN	05	05	z6e1	translate-numbers		0	thirty-eight years	"38 years" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN	05	06	c7ef			0	he realized	"he understood" or "he found out"
JHN	05	06	w97q			0	he said to him	"Jesus said to the paralyzed man"
JHN	05	07	aeu3			0	Sir, I do not have	Here the word "sir" is a polite form of address.
JHN	05	07	ny5f	figs-activepassive		0	when the water is stirred up	This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "when the angel moves the water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	05	07	kul6			0	into the pool	This was a hole in the ground that people filled with water. Sometimes they lined the pools with tiles or other stonework. See how you translated "pool" in [John 5:2](../05/02.md).
JHN	05	07	u93g			0	another steps down before me	"someone else always goes down the steps into the water before me"
JHN	05	08	eqe4			0	Get up	"Stand up!"
JHN	05	08	ft81			0	take up your bed, and walk	"Pick up your sleeping mat, and walk!"
JHN	05	09	z33x			0	the man was healed	"the man became healthy again"
JHN	05	09	i4tk	writing-background		0	Now that day	The writer uses the word "now" to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	05	10	ja3x			0	So the Jews said to him	The Jews (especially the leaders of the Jews) became angry when they saw the man carrying his mat on the Sabbath.
JHN	05	10	xd9b			0	It is the Sabbath	"It is God's Day of Rest"
JHN	05	11	en3v			0	He who made me healthy	"The man who made me well"
JHN	05	12	r7nx			0	They asked him	"The Jewish leaders asked the man who was healed"
JHN	05	14	h1ri			0	Jesus found him	"Jesus found the man he had healed"
JHN	05	14	h39z			0	See	The word "See" is used here to draw attention to the words that follow.
JHN	05	16	efg2	writing-background		0	Now	The writer uses the word "now" to show that the words that follow are background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	05	16	kup5	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche which represent the "Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	05	17	ijd8			0	is working	This refers to doing labor, including anything that is done to serve other people.
JHN	05	17	lq1v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	My Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	18	n8bh			0	making himself equal to God	"saying that he was like God" or "saying that he had as much authority as God"
JHN	05	19	f2qp	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Jewish leaders.
JHN	05	19	rr9q			0	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	05	19	x9sl	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	whatever the Father is doing, the Son does these things also.	Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father's leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	19	iuc7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son ... Father	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	20	zlr7			0	you will be amazed	"you will be surprised" or "you will be shocked"
JHN	05	20	t3b4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	For the Father loves the Son	Jesus, as the Son of God, followed and obeyed his Father's leadership on earth, because Jesus knew the Father loved him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	20	x8ac			0	loves	The kind of love that comes from God is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. God himself is love and is the source of true love.
JHN	05	21	s6te	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	21	xzu4			0	life	This refers to "spiritual life."
JHN	05	22	b2l6	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son	The word "for" marks a comparison. The Son of God carries out judgment for God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	23	p2kj	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	honor the Son just as ... the Father. The one who does not honor the Son does not honor the Father	God the Son must be honored and worshiped just like God the Father. If we fail to honor God the Son, then we also fail to honor God the Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	24	w6wu			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	05	24	eg5h	figs-metonymy		0	he who hears my word	Here "word" is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "anyone who hears my message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	05	24	ql7q	figs-doublenegatives		0	will not be condemned	This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: "will be judged to be innocent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	05	25	gtu6			0	Truly, truly	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	05	25	s23d	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live	The voice of Jesus, the Son of God, will raise dead people from the grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	25	d81y	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	26	p6ub	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has also given to the Son so that he has life in himself	The word "For" marks a comparison. The Son of God has the power to give life, just as the Father does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	26	x136	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	26	f5vq			0	life	This means spiritual life.
JHN	05	27	g58f	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son of Man	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	27	pr1c			0	the Father has given the Son authority to carry out judgment	The Son of God has the authority of God the Father to judge.
JHN	05	28	sr8j			0	Do not be amazed at this	"This" refers to the fact that Jesus, as the Son of Man, has the power to give eternal life and to carry out judgment.
JHN	05	28	h9l7			0	hear his voice	"hear my voice"
JHN	05	30	ayn1			0	the will of him who sent me	The word "him" refers to God the Father.
JHN	05	32	yt31			0	There is another who testifies about me	"There is someone else who tells people about me"
JHN	05	32	nr3l			0	another	This refers to God.
JHN	05	32	uxh5			0	the testimony that he gives about me is true	"what he tells people about me is true"
JHN	05	34	rvc5			0	the testimony that I receive is not from man	"I do not need people's testimony"
JHN	05	34	a4je	figs-activepassive		0	that you might be saved	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so God can save you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	05	35	w4w3	figs-metaphor		0	John was a lamp that was burning and shining, and you were willing to rejoice in his light for a while	Here "lamp" and "light" are metaphors. John taught the people about God and this was like a lamp shining its light into the dark. Alternate translation: "John taught you about God and this was like a lamp shining its light. And for a while what John said made you happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	05	36	rt6j			0	the works that the Father has given me to accomplish ... that the Father has sent me	God the Father has sent God the Son, Jesus, to earth. Jesus completes what the Father gives him to do.
JHN	05	36	dvr9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	36	yz3u	figs-personification		0	the very works that I do, testify about me	Here Jesus says that the miracles "testify" or "tell the people" about him. Alternate translation: "What I do shows the people that God has sent me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN	05	37	p157	figs-rpronouns		0	The Father who sent me has himself testified	The reflexive pronoun "himself" emphasizes that it is the Father, not someone less important, who has testified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	05	38	lxm4			0	You do not have his word remaining in you, for you are not believing in the one whom he has sent	"You do not believe in the one he has sent. That is how I know that you do not have his word remaining in you"
JHN	05	38	dfn1	figs-metaphor		0	You do not have his word remaining in you	Jesus speaks of people living according to God's word as if they were houses and God's word were a person that lived in houses. Alternate translation: "You do not live according to his word" or "You do not obey his word" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	05	38	rc2n			0	his word	"the message he spoke to you"
JHN	05	39	xi22			0	in them you have eternal life	"you will find eternal life if you read them" or "the scriptures will tell you how you can have eternal life"
JHN	05	40	dzm2			0	you are not willing to come to me	"you refuse to believe my message"
JHN	05	41	c1rx			0	receive	accept
JHN	05	42	b1j4			0	you do not have the love of God in yourselves	This can mean 1) "you really do not love God" or 2) "you have really not received God's love."
JHN	05	43	zw65	figs-metonymy		0	in my Father's name	Here the word "name" is a metonym that symbolizes God's power and authority. Alternate translation: "I have come with my Father's authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	05	43	rtb9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	05	43	ue9f			0	receive	welcome as a friend
JHN	05	43	p7jg	figs-metonymy		0	If another should come in his own name	The word "name" is a metonym that represents authority. Alternate translation: "If another should come in his own authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	05	44	e999	figs-rquestion		0	How can you believe, you who accept praise ... God?	This remark appears in the form of a question in order to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "There is no way you can believe because you accept praise ... God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	05	44	g7qd			0	believe	This means to trust in Jesus.
JHN	05	45	kk5q	figs-metonymy		0	The one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have put your hope	"Moses" here is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. Alternate translation: "Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	05	45	pf98			0	your hope	"your confidence" or "your trust"
JHN	05	47	b8dd	figs-rquestion		0	If you do not believe his writings, how are you going to believe my words?	This remark appears in the form of a question to provide emphasis. Alternate translation: "You do not believe his writings, so you will never believe my words!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	05	47	x7h9			0	my words	"what I say"
JHN	06	intro	xe4t	John 06 General Notes		0		# John 06 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### King<br><br>The king of any nation was the richest and most powerful person in that nation. The people wanted Jesus to be their king because he gave them food and so they thought he would make the Jews into the richest and most powerful nation in the world. They did not understand that Jesus came to die so God could forgive his people's sins and that the world would persecute his people.<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Bread<br><br>Bread was the most common and important food in Jesus' day, and so the word "bread" was their general word for "food."  It is often difficult to translate the word "bread" into the languages of people who do not eat bread because the general word for food in some languages refers to food that did not exist in Jesus' culture. Jesus used the word "bread" to refer to himself. He wanted them to understand that they need him so they can have eternal life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])<br><br>##### Eating the flesh and drinking the blood<br><br>When Jesus said, "Unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you will not have life in yourselves," he knew that before he died he would tell his followers to do this by eating bread and drinking wine. In the event this chapter describes, he expected that his hearers would understand that he was using a metaphor but would not understand what the metaphor referred to. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Parenthetical Ideas<br>Several times in this passage, John explains something or gives the reader some context to better understand the story. These explanation are intended to give the reader some additional knowledge without interrupting the flow of the narrative. The information is placed inside parentheses.<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 6;26](./26.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	06	01	qhj7	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus has traveled from Jerusalem to Galilee. A crowd has followed him up a mountainside. These verses tell the setting of this part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	01	el4l			0	After these things	The phrase "these things" refers to the events in [John 5:1-46](../05/01.md) and introduces the event that follows.
JHN	06	01	z345	figs-explicit		0	Jesus went away	It is implied in the text that Jesus traveled by boat and took his disciples with him. Alternate translation: "Jesus traveled by boat with his disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	06	02	qxs7			0	A great crowd	"A large number of people"
JHN	06	02	g6zm			0	signs	This refers to the miracles that are used as evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over everything.
JHN	06	04	kct2			0	General Information:	The action in the story begins in verse 5.
JHN	06	04	ri55	writing-background		0	Now the Passover, the Jewish festival, was near	John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about when the events happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	06	cj58	writing-background		0	But Jesus said this to test Philip, for he himself knew what he was going to do	John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to explain why Jesus asked Philip where to buy bread. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	06	uk6t	figs-rpronouns		0	for he himself knew	The reflexive pronoun "himself" makes it clear that the word "he" refers to Jesus. Jesus knew what he would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	06	07	z3gj	translate-bmoney		0	Two hundred denarii worth of bread	The word "denarii" is the plural of "denarius. "Alternate translation: "The amount of bread that cost two hundred days' wages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JHN	06	09	k3k6			0	five bread loaves of barley	"Five loaves of barley bread." Barley was a common grain.
JHN	06	09	fjx1			0	loaves	A loaf of bread is a lump of dough that is shaped and baked. These were probably small dense, round loaves.
JHN	06	09	xwu8	figs-rquestion		0	what are these among so many?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that they do not have enough food to feed everyone. Alternate translation: "these few loaves and fishes are not enough to feed so many people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	10	n9ft			0	sit down	"lie down"
JHN	06	10	pf33	writing-background		0	Now there was a lot of grass in the place	John briefly stops telling about the events in the story in order to give background information about the place where this event happens. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	10	iz32			0	So the men sat down, about five thousand in number	While the crowd probably included women and children ([John 6:4-5](./04.md)), here John is counting only the men.
JHN	06	11	mnw3			0	giving thanks	Jesus prayed to God the Father and thanked him for the fish and the loaves.
JHN	06	11	wi9d	figs-synecdoche		0	he gave it	"he" here represents "Jesus and his disciples." Alternate translation: "Jesus and his disciples gave it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	06	13	y3zz			0	General Information:	Jesus withdraws from the crowd. This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus feeding the crowd on the mountain.
JHN	06	13	hqx9			0	they gathered	"the disciples gathered"
JHN	06	13	h64z			0	left over	the food that no one had eaten
JHN	06	14	nlw1			0	this sign	Jesus feeding the 5,000 people with five barley loaves and two fish
JHN	06	14	g8zb			0	the prophet	the special prophet who Moses said would come into the world
JHN	06	16	qb23	Connecting Statement:		0		This is the next event in the story. Jesus' disciples go out onto the lake in a boat.
JHN	06	17	fkj2	writing-background		0	It was dark by this time, and Jesus had not yet come to them	Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	19	xx7d			0	they had rowed	Boats usually had two, four, or six people rowing with rowers on each side working together. Your culture may have different ways of making a boat go across a large body of water.
JHN	06	19	sgf4	translate-bdistance		0	about twenty-five or thirty stadia	A "stadium" is 185 meters. Alternate translation: "about five or six kilometers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JHN	06	20	d6wv			0	Do not be afraid	"Stop being afraid!"
JHN	06	21	qtw5	figs-explicit		0	they were willing to receive him into the boat	It is implied that Jesus gets into the boat. Alternate translation: "they gladly received him into the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	06	22	yy7c			0	the sea	"the Sea of Galilee"
JHN	06	23	z5b4	writing-background		0	However, there were ... the Lord had given thanks	Use your language's way of showing that this is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	23	w7qu	writing-background		0	boats that came from Tiberias	Here, John provides more background information. The next day, after Jesus fed the people, some boats with people from Tiberius came to see Jesus. However, Jesus and his disciples had left the night before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	24	cql6			0	General Information:	The people go to Capernaum to find Jesus. When they see him, they start asking him questions.
JHN	06	26	f8j4			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	06	27	czb3			0	eternal life which the Son of Man will give you, for God the Father has set his seal on him	God the Father has given his approval to Jesus, the Son of Man, to give eternal life to those who believe in him.
JHN	06	27	b94w	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of Man ... God the Father	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	27	gf9q	figs-metaphor		0	has set his seal on him	To "set a seal" on something means to place a mark on it to show to whom it belongs. This means that the Son belongs to the Father and that the Father approves of him in every way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	31	gye7			0	Our fathers	"Our forefathers" or "Our ancestors"
JHN	06	31	jz9p			0	heaven	This refers to the place where God lives.
JHN	06	32	e6s1			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	06	32	ega4	figs-metaphor		0	it is my Father who is giving you the true bread from heaven	The "true bread" is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Father gives to you the Son as the true bread from heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	32	c73l	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	33	rrf5			0	gives life to the world	"gives spiritual life to the world"
JHN	06	33	k897	figs-metonymy		0	the world	Here the "world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	06	35	cr2m	figs-metaphor		0	I am the bread of life	Through metaphor, Jesus compares himself with bread. Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. Alternate translation: "Just as food keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	35	w1sp			0	believes in	This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and to live in a way that honors him.
JHN	06	37	n6bk	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Everyone whom the Father gives me will come to me	God the Father and God the Son will save forever those who believe in Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	37	vpz8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	37	i92s	figs-litotes		0	he who comes to me I will certainly not throw out	This sentence states the opposite of what it means for emphasis. Alternate translation: "I will keep everyone who comes to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JHN	06	38	z84i	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.
JHN	06	38	cpi9			0	him who sent me	"my Father, who sent me"
JHN	06	39	x5c1	figs-litotes		0	I would lose not one of all those	Here litotes is used to emphasize that Jesus will keep everyone that God gives to him. Alternate translation: "I should keep all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
JHN	06	39	j7q6	figs-idiom		0	will raise them up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "will cause them to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	06	41	t91b	Connecting Statement:		0		The Jewish leaders interrupt Jesus as he is speaking to the crowd.
JHN	06	41	jl8l			0	grumbled	talked unhappily
JHN	06	41	wwa5	figs-metaphor		0	I am the bread	Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: "I am the one who is like true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	42	bm3w	figs-rquestion		0	Is not this Jesus ... whose father and mother we know?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders believe that Jesus is no one special. Alternate translation: "This is just Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	42	i81r	figs-rquestion		0	How then does he now say, 'I have come down from heaven'?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders do not believe that Jesus came from heaven. Alternate translation: "He is lying when he says that he came from heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	43	pk4s	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the crowd and now also to the Jewish leaders.
JHN	06	44	s6b5	figs-idiom		0	raise him up	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "cause him to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	06	44	rr2m			0	draws	This can mean 1) "pulls" or 2) "attracts."
JHN	06	44	jb73	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	45	j1af	figs-activepassive		0	It is written in the prophets	This is a passive statement that can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "The prophets wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	06	45	rk3b			0	Everyone who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me	The Jews thought Jesus was the "son of Joseph" ([John 6:42](../06/42.md)), but he is the Son of God because his Father is God, not Joseph. Those who truly learn from God the Father believe in Jesus, who is God the Son.
JHN	06	46	lcz8	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus now continues speaking to the crowd and the Jewish leaders.
JHN	06	46	i9mp	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	47	de5y			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	06	47	t8lk			0	he who believes has eternal life	God gives "eternal life" to those who trust in Jesus, the Son of God.
JHN	06	48	iih2	figs-metaphor		0	I am the bread of life	Just as bread is necessary for our physical life, Jesus is necessary for our spiritual life. See how you translated this in [John 6:35](../06/35.md). Alternate translation: "Just like food that keeps you alive physically, I can give you spiritual life that lasts forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	49	uh76			0	Your fathers	"Your forefathers" or "Your ancestors"
JHN	06	49	mr3u			0	died	This refers to physical death.
JHN	06	50	sa53	figs-metaphor		0	This is the bread	Here "bread" is a metaphor that points to Jesus who is the one who gives spiritual life just as bread sustains physical life. Alternate translation: "I am like the true bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	50	v212			0	not die	"live forever." Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death.
JHN	06	51	px99			0	living bread	This means "the bread that causes people to live" ([John 6:35](../06/35.md)).
JHN	06	51	nb41	figs-metonymy		0	for the life of the world	Here "the world" is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. Alternate translation: "that will give life to all the people in the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	06	52	v6g7	Connecting Statement:		0		Some Jews who are present begin to argue among themselves and Jesus responds to their question.
JHN	06	52	fj5p	figs-rquestion		0	How can this man give us his flesh to eat?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the Jewish leaders are reacting negatively to what Jesus has said about "his flesh." Alternate translation: "There is no way that this man can give us his flesh to eat!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	53	q8jl			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	06	53	r7hh	figs-metaphor		0	eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood	Here the phrases "eat the flesh" and "drink his blood" are a metaphor that shows how trusting in Jesus, the Son of Man, is like receiving spiritual food and drink. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	53	j1ga			0	you will not have life in yourselves	"you will not receive eternal life"
JHN	06	54	t3xn	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to all those listening to him.
JHN	06	54	hc5d	figs-metaphor		0	Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has everlasting life	The phrases "eats my flesh" and "drinks my blood" are a metaphor for trusting Jesus. Just as people need food and drink in order to live, people need to trust Jesus in order to have eternal life.  However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	54	ym6w	figs-idiom		0	raise him up	Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "cause him to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	06	54	qia5			0	at the last day	"on the day when God judges everyone"
JHN	06	55	cik2	figs-metaphor		0	my flesh is true food ... my blood is true drink	The phrases "true food" and "true drink" are a metaphor that means Jesus gives life to those who trust in him. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	56	u3w4			0	remains in me, and I in him	"has a close relationship with me"
JHN	06	57	dba2			0	so he who eats me	The phrase "eats me" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JHN	06	57	nfz4			0	living Father	Possible meanings are 1) "the Father who gives life" or 2) "the Father who is alive."
JHN	06	57	m1l5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	58	m2nz			0	This is the bread that has come down from heaven	Jesus was speaking about himself.  Alternate translation: "I am the bread that has come down from heaven" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
JHN	06	58	kv16	figs-metaphor		0	This is the bread that has come down from heaven	The bread is a metaphor for what gives life. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	58	j2hx			0	He who eats this bread	Jesus spoke about himself as "this bread." Alternate translation: "He who eats me, the bread" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person)
JHN	06	58	jv4c			0	He who eats this bread	Here "eats this bread" is a metaphor for trusting Jesus. However, the Jews did not understand this. Do not make the meaning of this metaphor more clear than Jesus did. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)
JHN	06	58	i9ih			0	the fathers	"the forefathers" or "the ancestors"
JHN	06	59	ph39	writing-background		0	Jesus said these things in the synagogue ... in Capernaum	Here John gives background information about when this event happened. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	60	t1me	Connecting Statement:		0		Some of the disciples ask a question and Jesus responds, as he continues speaking to the crowd.
JHN	06	60	cp3k	figs-rquestion		0	who can accept it?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples have difficulty understanding what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: "no one can accept it!" or "it is too hard to understand!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	61	rn8i			0	Does this offend you?	"Does this shock you?" or "Does this upset you?"
JHN	06	62	r33r	figs-rquestion		0	Then what if you should see the Son of Man going up to where he was before?	Jesus offers this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that his disciples will see other things that are also hard to understand. Alternate translation: "Then you will not know what to think when you see me, the Son of Man, going up into heaven!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	63	y558			0	profits	The word "profit" means to cause good things to happen.
JHN	06	63	fy9p	figs-metonymy		0	words	Possible meanings are 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	06	63	plw8			0	The words that I have spoken to you	"What I have told you"
JHN	06	63	gb29			0	are spirit, and they are life	Possible meanings are 1) "are about the Spirit and eternal life" or 2) "are from the Spirit and give eternal life" or 3) "are about spiritual things and life."
JHN	06	64	k7ir	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.
JHN	06	64	ey1e	writing-background		0	For Jesus knew from the beginning who were the ones ... who it was who would betray him	Here John gives background information about what Jesus knew would happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	65	c3cl			0	no one can come to me unless it is granted to him by the Father	Whoever wants to believe must come to God through the Son. Only God the Father allows people to come to Jesus.
JHN	06	65	g4za	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	06	65	f7l1			0	come to me	"follow me and receive eternal life"
JHN	06	66	h8j9	figs-metaphor		0	no longer walked with him	Jesus went from one place to another by walking, so it is literally true that they did not walk where and when he walked, but the reader should also be able to understand that this metaphor indicates that they no longer wanted to hear what he had to say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	06	66	v7gq			0	his disciples	Here "his disciples" refers to the general group of people who followed Jesus.
JHN	06	67	bg2f	figs-ellipsis		0	the twelve	This is an ellipsis for "the twelve disciples," a specific group of twelve men who followed Jesus for his entire ministry. Alternate translation: "the twelve disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	06	68	g9l4	figs-rquestion		0	Lord, to whom shall we go?	Simon Peter gives this remark in the form of a question to emphasize that he desires to follow only Jesus. Alternate translation: "Lord, we could never follow anyone but you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	06	70	z9yc	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 71 is not part of the main story line as John comments on what Jesus said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	06	70	m9ys	figs-rquestion		0	Did not I choose you, the twelve, and one of you is a devil?	Jesus gives this remark in the form of a question to draw attention to the fact that one of the disciples will betray him. Alternate translation: "I chose you all myself, yet one of you is a servant of Satan!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	intro	l712	John 07 General Notes		0		# John 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This whole chapter concerns the concept of believing Jesus to be the Messiah. Some people believed this to be true while others rejected it. Some were willing to recognize his power and even the possibility that he was a prophet, but most were unwilling to believe that he was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>Translators may wish to include a note at verse 53 to explain to the reader why they have chosen or chosen not to translate verses 7:53-8:11.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "My time has not yet come"<br>This phrase and "his hour had not yet come" are used in this chapter to indicate that Jesus is in control of the events unfolding in his life.<br><br>##### "Living water"<br>This is an important image used in the New Testament. It is a metaphor. Because this metaphor is given in a desert environment, it probably emphasizes that Jesus is able to give life sustaining nourishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Prophecy<br>Jesus gives a prophecy about his life without an explicit statement in John [John 7:33-34](./33.md).<br><br>##### Irony<br>Nicodemus explains to the other Pharisees that the Law requires him to hear directly from a person before making a judgment about them. The Pharisees in turn made a judgment about Jesus without speaking to Jesus.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Did not believe in him"<br>Jesus' brothers did not believe Jesus was the Messiah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>##### "The Jews"<br>This term is used in two different ways in this passage. It is used specifically in reference to the opposition of the Jewish leaders who were trying to kill him ([John 7:1](../../jhn/07/01.md)). It is also used in reference to the people of Judea in general who had a positive opinion of Jesus ([John 7:13](../../jhn/07/13.md)). The translator may wish to use the terms "Jewish leaders" and "Jewish people" or "Jews (leaders)" and "Jews (in general)."<br>
JHN	07	01	gg4v	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus is in Galilee speaking to his brothers. These verses tell about when this event occurred. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	07	01	b99m			0	After these things	These words tell the reader that the writer will begin talking about a new event. "After he finished speaking with the disciples" ([John 6:66-71](../06/66.md)) or "Some time later"
JHN	07	01	k5yv			0	traveled	The reader should understand that Jesus probably walked rather than riding an animal or in a vehicle.
JHN	07	01	r94g	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews were seeking to kill him	Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders were making plans to kill him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	07	02	m4ch			0	Now the Jewish Festival of Shelters was near	"Now the time for the festival of the Jews was near" or "Now it was almost time for the Jewish festival of Shelters"
JHN	07	03	x8ce			0	brothers	This refers to the actual younger brothers of Jesus, the sons of Mary and Joseph.
JHN	07	03	id2z			0	the works that you do	The word "works" refers to the miracles that Jesus had performed.
JHN	07	04	by1h	figs-rpronouns		0	he himself	The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that emphasizes the word "he." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	07	04	f33j	figs-metonymy		0	the world	Here "the world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world. Alternate translation: "all people" or "everyone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	07	05	mz2b	writing-background		0	For even his brothers did not believe in him	This sentence is a break from the main story line as John tells us some background information about the brothers of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	07	05	bs7f			0	his brothers	"his younger brothers"
JHN	07	06	n5bj	figs-metonymy		0	My time has not yet come	The word "time" is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. Alternate translation: "It is not the right time for me to end my work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	06	shs9			0	your time is always ready	"any time is good for you"
JHN	07	07	h7kv	figs-metonymy		0	The world cannot hate you	Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "All the people in the world cannot hate you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	07	07	e5hq			0	I testify about it that its works are evil	"I tell them that what they are doing is evil"
JHN	07	08	pt7f	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his brothers.
JHN	07	08	evk6	figs-explicit		0	my time has not yet been fulfilled	Here Jesus is implying that if he goes to Jerusalem, he will bring his work to an end. Alternate translation: "It is not the right time for me to go to Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	10	xw52			0	General Information:	The setting of the story has changed, Jesus and his brothers are now at the festival.
JHN	07	10	jz6l			0	when his brothers had gone up to the festival	These "brothers" were the younger brothers of Jesus.
JHN	07	10	z4ym			0	he also went up	Jerusalem is at a higher elevation than Galilee where Jesus and his brothers were previously.
JHN	07	10	rw5v	figs-doublet		0	not publicly but in secret	These two phrases mean the same thing. The idea is repeated for emphasis. Alternate translation: "very secretly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JHN	07	11	i6cl	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews were looking for him	Here the word "Jews"is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." The word "him" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders were looking for Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	07	12	c27a	figs-metaphor		0	he leads the crowds astray	Here "leads ... astray" is a metaphor for persuading someone to believe something that is not true. Alternate translation: "he deceives the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	07	13	x3xa			0	fear	This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
JHN	07	13	n8bb	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	07	14	yut8			0	General Information:	Jesus is now teaching the Jews in the temple.
JHN	07	15	e7ve	figs-rquestion		0	How does this man know so much?	The remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the Jewish leaders' surprise that Jesus has so much knowledge. Alternate translation: "He cannot possibly know so much about the scriptures!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	16	h7mr			0	but is of him who sent me	"but comes from God, the one who sent me"
JHN	07	17	srx3	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
JHN	07	18	xf9j			0	but whoever seeks the glory of him who sent him, that person is true, and there is no unrighteousness in him	"when a person only seeks to honor the one who sent him, that person is speaking the truth. He does not lie"
JHN	07	19	pib5	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
JHN	07	19	c7xq	figs-rquestion		0	Did not Moses give you the law?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "It was Moses who gave you the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	19	iwv8			0	keeps the law	"obeys the law"
JHN	07	19	bfd2	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you seek to kill me?	Jesus questions the motives of the Jewish leaders who want to kill him for breaking the law of Moses. He implies that the leaders themselves do not keep that same Law. Alternate translation: "You break the Law yourselves and yet you want to kill me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	20	l1rq			0	You have a demon	"This shows that you are crazy, or maybe a demon is controlling you!"
JHN	07	20	r9wi	figs-rquestion		0	Who seeks to kill you?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "No one is trying to kill you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	21	b63z			0	one work	"one miracle" or "one sign"
JHN	07	21	l1zf			0	you all marvel	"you all are shocked"
JHN	07	22	d8sw	writing-background		0	not that it is from Moses, but from the ancestors	Here John provides additional information about circumcision. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	07	22	cs9z	figs-explicit		0	on the Sabbath you circumcise a man	Jesus implies that the act of circumcision also involves work. Alternate translation: "you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath. That is working too" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	22	dl6z			0	on the Sabbath	"on the Jewish Day of Rest"
JHN	07	23	t21u			0	If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses is not broken	"If you circumcise a male baby on the Sabbath so that you do not break the law of Moses"
JHN	07	23	w9wn	figs-rquestion		0	why are you angry with me because I made a man completely healthy on the Sabbath?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "you should not be angry with me because I made a man completely well on the Sabbath!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	23	f437			0	on the Sabbath	"on the Jewish Day of Rest?"
JHN	07	24	x4fl	figs-explicit		0	Do not judge according to appearance, but judge righteously	Jesus implies that the people should not decide what is right, based only on what they can see. Behind the action is a motive that cannot be seen. Alternate translation: "Stop judging people according to what you see! Be more concerned with what is right according to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	25	ts7d	figs-rquestion		0	Is not this the one they seek to kill?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "This is Jesus whom they are seeking to kill!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	26	n5pi	figs-explicit		0	they say nothing to him	This implies that the Jewish leaders are not opposing Jesus. Alternate translation: "they say nothing to oppose him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	26	s2un	figs-rquestion		0	It cannot be that the rulers indeed know that this is the Christ, can it?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Maybe they have decided that he is truly the Messiah!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	28	zxh7			0	cried out	"spoke in a loud voice"
JHN	07	28	ah7u	figs-explicit		0	in the temple	Jesus and the people were actually in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate translation: "in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	28	rq9t	figs-irony		0	You both know me and know where I come from	John uses irony in this statement. The people believe that Jesus is from Nazareth. They do not know that God sent him from heaven and that he was born in Bethlehem. Alternate translation: "You all know me and you think you know where I come from" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN	07	28	w35k			0	of myself	"on my own authority." See how you translated "of himself" in [John 5:19](../05/19.md).
JHN	07	28	a2h9			0	he who sent me is true	"God is the one who sent me and he is true"
JHN	07	30	pxr4	figs-metonymy		0	his hour had not yet come	The word "hour" is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God's plan. Alternate translation: "it was not the right time to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	07	31	y5m8	figs-rquestion		0	When the Christ comes, will he do more signs than what this one has done?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "When the Christ comes, surely he will not be able to do more signs than this man has done!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	31	x8e4			0	signs	This refers to the miracles that prove that Jesus is the Christ.
JHN	07	33	xm7p			0	I am still with you for a short amount of time	"I will remain with you for only a short period of time"
JHN	07	33	b4m8			0	then I go to him who sent me	Here Jesus refers to God the Father, who sent him.
JHN	07	34	p7w6			0	where I go, you will not be able to come	"you will not be able to come to the place where I am"
JHN	07	35	zn29	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews therefore said among themselves	The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the leaders of the Jews who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said among themselves" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	07	35	ef1y			0	the dispersion	This refers to the Jews that were spread all across the Greek world, outside of Palestine.
JHN	07	36	ib6p	figs-metonymy		0	What is this word that he said	This "word" is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. Alternate translation: "What is he talking about when he said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	07	37	elc6			0	General Information:	Some time has passed. It is now the last day of the festival and Jesus speaks to the crowd.
JHN	07	37	fg95			0	great day	It is "great" because it is the last, or most important, day of the festival.
JHN	07	37	iy9e	figs-metaphor		0	If anyone is thirsty	Here the word "thirsty" is a metaphor that means one's great desire for the things of God, just as one "thirsts" for water. Alternate translation: "Those who desire the things of God like a thirty man desires water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	07	37	ayn6	figs-metaphor		0	let him come to me and drink	The word "drink" is a metaphor that means to receive the spiritual life that Jesus provides. Alternate translation: "let him come to me and quench his spiritual thirst" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	07	38	u9cx			0	He who believes in me, just as the scripture says	"As the scripture says about anyone who believes in me"
JHN	07	38	uw2q	figs-metaphor		0	rivers of living water will flow	The "rivers of living water" is a metaphor that represents the life that Jesus provides for those who are spiritually "thirsty." Alternate translation: "spiritual life will flow like rivers of water" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	07	38	yt75	figs-metaphor		0	living water	Possible meanings are 1) "water that gives life" or 2) "water that causes people to live." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	07	38	cx1q	figs-metonymy		0	from his stomach	Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate translation: "from inside of him" or "from his heart" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	07	39	i8wx	writing-background		0	General Information:	In this verse the author gives information to clarify what Jesus is talking about. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	07	39	syp9			0	But he	Here "he" refers to Jesus.
JHN	07	39	qbr1	figs-explicit		0	the Spirit had not yet been given	John implies that the Spirit would later come to live in those who trusted Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Spirit had not yet come to live in the believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	39	n599			0	because Jesus was not yet glorified	Here the word "glorified" refers to the time when God would honor the Son after his death and resurrection.
JHN	07	40	shq8	figs-explicit		0	This is indeed the prophet	By saying this, the people are indicating that they believe Jesus is the prophet like Moses that God had promised to send. Alternate translation: "This is indeed the prophet who is like Moses that we have been waiting for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	41	alq3	figs-rquestion		0	Does the Christ come from Galilee?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "The Christ cannot come from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	42	n8nb	figs-rquestion		0	Have the scriptures not said that the Christ will come from the descendants of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "The scriptures teach that Christ will come from the line of David and from Bethlehem, the village where David was!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	42	ep4z	figs-personification		0	Have the scriptures not said	The scriptures are referred to as if they were actually speaking as a person speaks. Alternate translation: "The prophets wrote in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN	07	42	zjh5			0	where David was	"where David lived"
JHN	07	43	lf5r			0	So there arose a division in the crowds because of him	The crowds could not agree about who or what Jesus was.
JHN	07	44	rc64	figs-idiom		0	but no one laid hands on him	To lay hands on someone is an idiom which means to grab him or to hold onto him. Alternate translation: "but no one grabbed him to arrest him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	07	45	m3rf			0	the officers	"the temple guards"
JHN	07	46	qwv3	figs-explicit		0	Never has anyone spoken like this	The officers exaggerate to show how impressed they are by what Jesus said. You may need to make explicit that the officer were not claiming to know everything that every person in all times and places had ever said. "We have never heard anyone say such amazing things as this man!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	07	47	d4xy			0	So the Pharisees	"Because they said that, the Pharisees"
JHN	07	47	t91p			0	answered them	"answered the officers"
JHN	07	47	z95z	figs-rquestion		0	Have you also been deceived?	The remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. The Pharisees are shocked at the response of the officers. Alternate translation: "You have been deceived too!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	48	e8vu	figs-rquestion		0	Have any of the rulers believed in him, or any of the Pharisees?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "None of the rulers or Pharisees have believed in him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	49	e5td			0	the law	This is a reference to the law of the Pharisees and not the law of Moses.
JHN	07	49	fe7d			0	But this crowd that does not know the law, they are cursed	"As for this crowd that does not know the law, God will cause them to perish!"
JHN	07	50	u5ha	writing-background		0	one of the Pharisees, who came to him earlier	John provides this information to remind us of who Nicodemus is. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	07	51	ia3j	figs-rquestion		0	Does our law judge a man ... what he does?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "Our Jewish law does not allow us to judge a man ... what he does!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	07	51	y8df	figs-personification		0	Does our law judge a man	Here Nicodemus speaks of the law as if it were a person. If this is not natural in your language, you may translate it with a personal subject. Alternate translation: "Do we judge a man" or "we do not judge a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN	07	52	pt91	figs-rquestion		0	Are you also from Galilee?	The Jewish leaders know that Nicodemus is not from Galilee. They ask this question as a way of scoffing at him. Alternate translation: "You must also be one of those inferior persons from Galilee!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	07	52	k6pg	figs-ellipsis		0	Search and see	This is an ellipsis. You may wish to include the information that does not appear. Alternate translation: "Search carefully and read what is written in the Scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	07	52	jm59			0	no prophet comes from Galilee	This probably refers to the belief that Jesus was born in Galilee.
JHN	07	53	s5fi	translate-textvariants		0	General Information:	The best early texts do not have 7:53 - 8:11. The ULT has set them apart in square brackets ([ ]) to show that John probably did not include them in his original text. Translators are encouraged to translate them, to set them apart with square brackets, and to include a footnote like the one written on [John 7:53](../07/53.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JHN	08	intro	e667	John 08 General Notes		0		# John 08 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Translators may wish to include a note at verse 1 to explain to the reader why they have chosen to translate or to not translate verses 8:1-11.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### A light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. Here it is all Gentiles  (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### I AM<br><br>John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, three times in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for "I AM," by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).<br><br>##### The Scribes and Pharisees' trap<br><br>The Scribes and Pharisees wanted to trick Jesus. They wanted him to say either that they should keep the law of Moses by killing a woman whom they had found committing adultery or that they should disobey the law of Moses and forgive her sin. Jesus knew that they were trying to trick him and that they did not really want to keep the law of Moses. He knew this because the law said that both the woman and the man should die, but they did not bring the man to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 8:28](../../jhn/08/28.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	08	01	mkz2			0	General Information:	While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them.
JHN	08	01	mkz2			0	General Information:	The next part of the story begins in verse 2 as Jesus has returned to the temple.
JHN	08	01	te4y	Connecting Statement:		0		Verse 1 tells us where Jesus went at the end of the previous chapter.
JHN	08	02	c8r8			0	all the people	This is a general way of speaking. It means "many people."
JHN	08	03	lzy3	figs-synecdoche		0	The scribes and the Pharisees brought	Here the phrase "the scribes and the Pharisees" is a synecdoche that represents some of the members of these two groups. Alternate translation: "Some scribes and Pharisees brought" or "Some men who taught the Jewish laws and some who were Pharisees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	08	03	r6th	figs-activepassive		0	a woman caught in the act of adultery	This is a passive statement. You may translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: "a woman whom they had found committing adultery" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	08	04	ce8d	translate-textvariants		0	General Information:	While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])
JHN	08	05	hc6e			0	such people	"people like that" or "people who do that"
JHN	08	05	qe27			0	what do you say about her?	"So you tell us. What should we do about her?"
JHN	08	06	b8fk			0	to trap him	This means to use a trick question.
JHN	08	06	rx7l	figs-explicit		0	so that they might have something to accuse him about	What they would accuse him of can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "so that they could accuse him of saying something wrong" or "so that they could accuse him of not obeying the law of Moses or the Roman law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	07	dzk6			0	General Information:	While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them.
JHN	08	07	h3m5			0	When they continued	The word "they" refers to the scribes and Pharisees.
JHN	08	07	da8h	figs-abstractnouns		0	The one among you who has no sin	The abstract noun "sin" can be expressed with the verb sin. Alternate translation: "The one among you is has never sinned" or "If any one of you has never sinned" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
JHN	08	07	shv8			0	let him	"let that person"
JHN	08	08	gh49			0	he stooped down	"he bent down"
JHN	08	09	as6n			0	General Information:	While some texts have 7:53 - 8:11, the best and earliest texts do not include them.
JHN	08	09	f2xc			0	one by one	"one after another"
JHN	08	10	ux9t			0	Woman, where are your accusers	When Jesus called her "woman," he was not trying to make her feel insignificant. If people in your language group would think that he was doing that, this can be translated without the word "Woman."
JHN	08	12	m4ma	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus is speaking to a crowd near the treasury in the temple after either the events of [John 7:1-52](../07/01.md) or the events of [John 7:53-8:11](../07/53.md). The author neither gives background to this event nor marks the beginning of a new event. See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN	08	12	k5ib	figs-metaphor		0	I am the light of the world	Here the "light" is a metaphor for the revelation that comes from God. Alternate translation: "I am the one who gives light to the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	08	12	yc5p	figs-metonymy		0	the world	This is a metonym for the people. Alternate translation: "the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	12	zf41	figs-idiom		0	he who follows me	This is an idiom that means "everyone who does what I teach" or "everyone who obeys me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	08	12	tse3	figs-metaphor		0	will not walk in the darkness	To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor for living a sinful life. Alternate translation: "will not live as if he were in the darkness of sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	08	12	vw7r	figs-metaphor		0	light of life	The "light of life" is a metaphor for the truth from God that gives spiritual life. Alternate translation: "truth that brings eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	08	13	ih9h			0	You bear witness about yourself	"You are just saying these things about yourself"
JHN	08	13	mrj6	figs-explicit		0	your witness is not true	The Pharisees are implying that the witness of only one person is not true because it cannot be verified. Alternate translation: "you cannot be your own witness" or "what you say about yourself may not be true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	14	x9rf			0	Even if I bear witness about myself	"Even if I say these things about myself"
JHN	08	15	k92s			0	the flesh	"human standards and the laws of men"
JHN	08	15	j79i			0	I judge no one	Possible meanings are 1) "I do not judge anyone yet" or 2) "I am not judging anyone now."
JHN	08	16	xnn5			0	if I judge	Possible meanings are 1) "if I judge people" or 2) "whenever I judge people"
JHN	08	16	jb2f			0	my judgment is true	Possible meanings are 1) "my judgment will be right" or 2) "my judgment is right."
JHN	08	16	emx1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	I am not alone, but I am with the Father who sent me	Jesus, the Son of God, has authority because of his special relationship with his Father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	16	ev1r	figs-explicit		0	I am not alone	The implied information is that Jesus is not alone in his judgment. Alternate translation: "I am not alone in how I judge" or "I do not judge alone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	16	f6nu			0	I am with the Father	The Father and the Son judge together. Alternate translation: "the Father also judges with me" or "the Father judges as I do"
JHN	08	16	r7dx	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	17	uvc6	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Pharisees and other people about himself.
JHN	08	17	i1sl			0	Yes, and in your law	The word "Yes" shows that Jesus is adding to what he was saying before.
JHN	08	17	r2r8	figs-activepassive		0	it is written	This is a passive phrase. You may translate it in an active form with a personal subject. Alternate translation: "Moses wrote" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	08	17	l6ln	figs-explicit		0	the testimony of two men is true	The logic implied here is that one person can verify the words of another. Alternate translation: "if two men say the same thing, then people know it is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	18	ff2p			0	I am he who bears witness about myself	Jesus bears witness about himself. Alternate translation: "I give evidence to you about myself"
JHN	08	18	gfd3	figs-explicit		0	the Father who sent me bears witness about me	The Father also bears witness about Jesus. You could make it explicit that this means Jesus' testimony is true. Alternate translation: "my Father who sent me also brings evidence about me. So you should believe that what we tell you is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	18	ycc8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is an important title for God. If your language must state whose Father this is, you could say "my Father" since Jesus switches to that in the following verses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	19	s37n	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 20 there is a break in Jesus' speaking where the author give us background information regarding where Jesus had been teaching. Some languages may require the information about the setting to be placed at the beginning of this part of the story in [John 8:12](../08/12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	08	19	d3b9	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	You know neither me nor my Father; if you had known me, you would have known my Father also	Jesus indicates that to know him is to also know the Father. Both Father and Son are God. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	19	b26z	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	20	b11j	figs-metonymy		0	his hour had not yet come	The word "hour" is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. Alternate translation: "it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	21	xv3g	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.
JHN	08	21	gg46			0	die in your sin	Here the word "die" refers to spiritual death. Alternate translation: "die while you are still sinful" or "you will die while you are sinning"
JHN	08	21	e83m			0	you cannot come	"you are not able to come"
JHN	08	22	a4p4	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews said	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for "the Jewish leaders." Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said" or "The Jewish authorities said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	08	23	zug9			0	You are from below	"You were born in this world"
JHN	08	23	a7ny			0	I am from above	"I came from heaven"
JHN	08	23	svn1			0	You are of this world	"You belong to this world"
JHN	08	23	w9jl			0	I am not of this world	"I do not belong to this world"
JHN	08	24	jgw4			0	you will die in your sins	"you will die without God's forgiving your sins"
JHN	08	24	he1k			0	that I AM	Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus expects the people to understand that he is referring to what he already has already said about himself: "I am from above."
JHN	08	25	t7tv			0	They said	The word "They" refers to the Jewish leaders ([John 8:22](../08/22.md)).
JHN	08	26	lsc7	figs-metonymy		0	these things I say to the world	Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "these things I say to all the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	27	hh1s	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is a special title for God. Some languages may require the use of a possessive before the noun. Alternate translation: "his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	28	x6ca			0	When you have lifted up	This refers to placing Jesus on the cross to kill him.
JHN	08	28	er3s			0	Son of Man	Jesus used the title "Son of Man" to refer to himself.
JHN	08	28	tcs5			0	I AM	Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "I am the one I claim to be."
JHN	08	28	vq9k	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	As the Father taught me, I speak these things	"I am only saying what my Father taught me to say." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	29	w9cl			0	He who sent me	The word "He" refers to God.
JHN	08	30	ld9x			0	As Jesus was saying these things	"As Jesus spoke these words"
JHN	08	30	uj29			0	many believed in him	"many people trusted him"
JHN	08	31	g752	figs-idiom		0	remain in my word	This is an idiom that means "to obey Jesus." Alternate translation: "obey what I have said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	08	31	iq3z			0	my disciples	"my followers"
JHN	08	32	esz8	figs-personification		0	the truth will set you free	This is personification. Jesus speaks of "the truth" as if it were a person. Alternate translation: "if you obey the truth, God will set you free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN	08	32	xf9m			0	the truth	This refers to what Jesus reveals about God. Alternate translation: "what is true about God"
JHN	08	33	n34n	figs-rquestion		0	how can you say, 'You will be set free'?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jewish leaders' shock at what Jesus has said. Alternate translation: "We do not need to be set free!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	34	i2pn			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	08	34	jg3z	figs-metaphor		0	is the slave of sin	Here the word "slave" is a metaphor. This implies that "sin" is like a master for the one who sins. Alternate translation: "is like a slave to sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	08	35	sg4a	figs-metonymy		0	in the house	Here "house" is a metonym for "family." Alternate translation: "as a permanent member of a family" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	35	j73t	figs-ellipsis		0	the son remains forever	This is an ellipsis. You may translate it by including the implied words. Alternate translation: "the son is a member of the family forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	08	36	n6fp	figs-explicit		0	if the Son sets you free, you will be truly free	It is implied that Jesus is talking about freedom from sin, which is a metaphor for being able not to sin. Alternate translation: "if the Son msets you free, you will truly be able to refrain from sin" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	08	36	w3q1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	if the Son sets you free	"Son" is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. Jesus was speaking about himself. Alternate translation: "If I, the Son, set you free" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
JHN	08	37	p4xm	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
JHN	08	37	ph1q	figs-metonymy		0	my word has no place in you	Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" or "message" of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. Alternate translation: "you do not accept my teachings" or "you do not allow my message to change your life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	38	m62y			0	I say what I have seen with my Father	"I am telling you about the things I saw when I was with my Father"
JHN	08	38	f9yu			0	you also do what you heard from your father	The Jewish leaders do not understand that by "your father" Jesus is referring to the devil. Alternate translation: "you also continue doing what your father has told you to do"
JHN	08	39	qp2r			0	father	forefather
JHN	08	40	s615			0	Abraham did not do this	"Abraham never tried to kill anyone who told him the true revelation from God"
JHN	08	41	i87r	figs-explicit		0	You do the works of your father	Jesus implies that their father is the devil. Alternate translation: "No! You are doing the things that your real father did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	41	y82e	figs-explicit		0	We were not born in sexual immorality	Here the Jewish leaders imply that Jesus does not know who his real father is. Alternate translation: "We do not know about you, but we are not illegitimate children" or "We were all born from proper marriages" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	08	41	iz3h	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	we have one Father: God	Here the Jewish leaders claim God as their spiritual Father. This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	42	nh4m			0	love	This is the kind of love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others (including those who are our enemies), even when it does not benefit oneself.
JHN	08	43	ig11	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you not understand my words?	Jesus is using this question mainly to rebuke the Jewish leaders for not listening to him. Alternate translation: "I will tell you why you do not understand what I say!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	43	cf8v	figs-metonymy		0	It is because you cannot hear my words	Here "words" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate translation: "It is because you will not accept my teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	44	vgy1			0	You are of your father, the devil	"You belong to your father, Satan"
JHN	08	44	k1qu	figs-metaphor		0	the father of lies	Here "father" is a metaphor for the one who originates all lies. Alternate translation: "he is the one who created all lies in the beginning" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	08	45	g1q9	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the Jews.
JHN	08	45	e55r			0	because I speak the truth	"because I tell you true things about God"
JHN	08	46	y3gz	figs-rquestion		0	Which one of you convicts me of sin?	Jesus uses this question to emphasize that he has never sinned. Alternate translation: "None of you can show that I have ever sinned!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	46	kh6a			0	If I speak the truth	"If I say things that are true"
JHN	08	46	ibp1	figs-rquestion		0	why do you not believe me?	Jesus uses this question to scold the Jewish leaders for their unbelief. Alternate translation: "you have no reason for not believing in me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	47	l7gy	figs-metonymy		0	the words of God	Here "words" is a metonym for the "message" of God. Alternate translation: "the message of God" or "the truth that comes from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	48	vu1h	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews	The "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	08	48	cic5	figs-rquestion		0	Do we not truly say that you are a Samaritan and have a demon?	The Jewish leaders use this question to accuse Jesus and to dishonor him. Alternate translation: "We are certainly right in saying that you are a Samaritan and that a demon lives in you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	50	m4rl	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues answering the Jews.
JHN	08	50	fg43			0	there is one seeking and judging	This refers to God.
JHN	08	51	fb52			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	08	51	m46r	figs-metonymy		0	keeps my word	Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate translation: "obeys my teachings" or "does what I say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	51	gx7l	figs-idiom		0	see death	This is an idiom that means to experience death. Here Jesus is referring to spiritual death. Alternate translation: "die spiritually" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	08	52	e9xz	figs-synecdoche		0	Jews	Here "Jews" is a metonym for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	08	52	zah1			0	If anyone keeps my word	"If anyone obeys my teaching"
JHN	08	52	a1ls	figs-idiom		0	taste death	This is an idiom that means to experience death. The Jewish leaders mistakenly assume that Jesus is speaking only about physical death. Alternate translation: "die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	08	53	shp3	figs-rquestion		0	You are not greater than our father Abraham who died, are you?	The Jewish leaders use this question to emphasize that Jesus is not greater than Abraham. Alternate translation: "You are certainly not greater than our father Abraham who indeed died!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	53	p38s			0	father	forefather
JHN	08	53	cei7	figs-rquestion		0	Who do you make yourself out to be?	The Jews use this question to rebuke Jesus for thinking that he is more important than Abraham. Alternate translation: "You should not think that you are so important!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	54	ab13	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	it is my Father who glorifies me—about whom you say that he is your God	The word "Father" is an important title for God. No one knows God the Father like Jesus, the Son of God. Alternate translation: "it is my Father who honors me, and you say that he is your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	08	55	c3bm	figs-metonymy		0	keep his word	Here "word" is a metonym for what God says. Alternate translation: "I obey what he says to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	56	tyu5	figs-metonymy		0	my day	This is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. Alternate translation: "what I would do during my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	08	56	hv5g			0	he saw it and was glad	"he foresaw my coming through God's revelation and he rejoiced"
JHN	08	57	erp5	Connecting Statement:		0		This is the end of the part of the story about Jesus speaking with the Jews in the temple, which began in [John 8:12](../08/12.md).
JHN	08	57	yzf9	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews said to him	Here the "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	08	57	r1ek	figs-rquestion		0	You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham?	The Jewish leaders use this question to express their shock that Jesus claims to have seen Abraham. Alternate translation: "You are less than fifty years old. You could not have seen Abraham!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	08	58	rnw4			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	08	58	k4tp			0	I AM	Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "before Abraham existed, I existed."
JHN	08	59	bxs5	figs-explicit		0	Then they picked up stones to throw at him	The Jewish leaders are outraged at what Jesus has said. Here it is implied that they wanted to kill him because he had made himself equal to God. Alternate translation: "Then they picked up stones to kill him because he claimed to be equal with God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	09	intro	hq31	John 09 General Notes		0		# John 09 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "Who sinned?"<br><br>Many of the Jews of Jesus' time believed that if a person was blind or deaf or crippled, it was because he or his parents or someone in his family had sinned. This was not the teaching of the law of Moses. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>##### "He does not keep the Sabbath"<br><br>The Pharisees thought that Jesus was working, and so breaking the Sabbath, by making mud. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sabbath]])<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### Seeing and being blind<br><br>Jesus calls the Pharisees blind because they see that Jesus is able to heal blind people but they still do not believe that God sent him ([John 9:39-40](./39.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 9:35](../../jhn/09/35.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	09	01	fa5a			0	General Information:	As Jesus and his disciples are walking along, they come across a blind man.
JHN	09	01	un4h	writing-newevent		0	Now	This word shows that the author is about to describe a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN	09	01	z5sx	figs-synecdoche		0	as Jesus passed by	Here "Jesus" is a synecdoche for Jesus and the disciples. Alternate translation: "as Jesus and his disciples passed by" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	09	02	w44c	figs-explicit		0	who sinned, this man or his parents ... blind?	This question reflects the ancient Jewish belief that sin caused all illnesses and other deformities. The rabbis also taught that it was possible for a baby to sin while still in the womb. Alternate translation: "Teacher, we know that sin causes a person to be blind. Whose sin caused this man to be born blind? did this man himself sin, or was it his parents who sinned?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	09	04	h231	figs-inclusive		0	We	This "We" includes both Jesus and the disciples he is talking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
JHN	09	04	g92d	figs-metaphor		0	day ... Night	Here "day" and "night" are metaphors. Jesus is comparing the time when people can do God's work to daytime, the time when people normally work, and nighttime to when they cannot do God's work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	09	05	f2xu	figs-metonymy		0	in the world	Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "living among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	09	05	dd8k	figs-metaphor		0	light of the world	Here "light" is a metaphor for the true revelation of God. Alternate translation: "the one who shows what is true just as light allows people to see what is in the darkness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	09	06	y3s4	figs-explicit		0	made mud with the saliva	Jesus used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva. Alternate translation: "and used his fingers to mix the dirt and saliva to make mud" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	09	07	ily8	figs-explicit		0	wash ... washed	You may need to make explicit that Jesus wanted him to wash the mud off of his eyes in the pool and that that is what the man did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	09	07	ri9h	writing-background		0	which is translated "Sent"	A brief break occurs here in the story line so John can explain to his readers what "Siloam" means. Alternate translation: "which means 'Sent'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	09	08	r79x	figs-rquestion		0	Is not this the man that used to sit and beg?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the surprise of the people. Alternate translation: "This man is the one who used to sit and beg!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	09	10	p7vj	Connecting Statement:		0		The neighbors of the man who had been blind continue to speak to him.
JHN	09	10	m97n			0	Then how were your eyes opened?	"Then what caused you to be able to see?" or "How is it that you can see now?"
JHN	09	11	a42y			0	smeared it on my eyes	"used his fingers to cover my eyes with mud." See how you translated a similar phrase in [John 9:6](../09/06.md).
JHN	09	13	dl48	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 14 tells background information about when Jesus healed the man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	09	13	cu14			0	They brought the man who used to be blind to the Pharisees	The people insisted that the man go with them to the Pharisees. They did not physically force him to go.
JHN	09	14	qxy9			0	Sabbath day	"Jewish Day of Rest"
JHN	09	15	d6xd			0	Then again the Pharisees asked him	"So the Pharisees also asked him"
JHN	09	16	y3wn	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 18 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the Jews' disbelief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	09	16	hdh9			0	he does not keep the Sabbath	This means Jesus does not obey the law about doing no work on the Jewish Day of Rest.
JHN	09	16	k4sy	figs-rquestion		0	How can a man who is a sinner do such signs?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that Jesus' signs prove he is not a sinner. Alternate translation: "A sinner can not do such signs!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	09	16	qn73			0	signs	This is another word for miracles. "Signs" give evidence that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN	09	17	lcb3			0	He is a prophet	"I think he is a prophet"
JHN	09	18	awp6	figs-synecdoche		0	Now the Jews still did not believe	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: Now the Jewish leaders still did not believe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	09	19	npf9			0	They asked the parents	"They" refers to the Jewish leaders.
JHN	09	21	vh7q			0	he is an adult	"he is a man" or "he is no longer a child"
JHN	09	22	yq73	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 22 there is a break from the main story line as John provides background information about the man's parents being afraid of the Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	09	22	k2iw	figs-synecdoche		0	they were afraid of the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the "Jewish leaders" who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "they were afraid of what the Jewish leaders might do to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	09	22	j15m			0	afraid	This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to oneself or others.
JHN	09	22	dgp7			0	would confess him to be the Christ	"would say that Jesus is the Christ"
JHN	09	22	yjv9	figs-metaphor		0	he would be thrown out of the synagogue	Here "be thrown out of the synagogue" is a metaphor for no longer being allowed to go into the synagogue and no longer belonging to the group of people who attend services at the synagogue. Alternate translation: "he would not be allowed to go into the synagogue" or "he would no longer belong to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	09	23	f9zl			0	He is an adult	"he is a man" or "he is no longer a child." See how you translated this in [John 9:21](../09/21.md).
JHN	09	24	h1tl			0	they called the man	Here, "they" refers to the Jews. ([John 9:18](../09/18.md))
JHN	09	24	bkx6	figs-idiom		0	Give glory to God	This is an idiom that people used when taking an oath. Alternate translation: "In the presence of God, tell the truth" or "Speak the truth before God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	09	24	ww3t			0	this man	This refers to Jesus.
JHN	09	25	sr93			0	that man	This refers to the man who had been blind.
JHN	09	26	z2l2	Connecting Statement:		0		The Jews continue to speak to the man who had been blind.
JHN	09	27	cf2d	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you want to hear it again?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the man's amazement that the Jewish leaders have asked him to tell them again what happened. Alternate translation: "I am surprised that you want to hear again what happened to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	09	27	kpt6	figs-rquestion		0	You do not want to become his disciples too, do you?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add irony to the man's statement. He knows that the Jewish leaders do not want to follow Jesus. Here he ridicules them. Alternate translation: "It sounds like you also want to become his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN	09	28	h7hy			0	You are his disciple	"You are following Jesus!"
JHN	09	28	z2tn	figs-exclusive		0	but we are disciples of Moses	The pronoun "we" is exclusive. The Jewish leaders are speaking only of themselves. Alternate translation: "but we are following Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
JHN	09	29	ye4k			0	We know that God has spoken to Moses	"We are sure that God has spoken to Moses"
JHN	09	29	vv43	figs-explicit		0	we do not know where this one is from	Here the Jewish leaders are referring to Jesus. They imply that he has no authority to call disciples. Alternate translation: "we do not know where he comes from or where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	09	30	i3gm	figs-explicit		0	that you do not know where he is from	The man is surprised that the Jewish leaders question Jesus' authority when they know he has the power to heal. Alternate translation: "that you do not know where he gets his authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	09	31	e7ec			0	does not listen to sinners ... listens to him	"does not answer the prayers of sinners ... God answers his prayers"
JHN	09	32	e89t	Connecting Statement:		0		The man who had been blind continues speaking to the Jews.
JHN	09	32	b2xt	figs-activepassive		0	it has never been heard that anyone opened	This is a passive statement. You can translate it in an active form. Alternate translation: "no one has ever heard of anyone who healed a man who was blind from birth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	09	33	tt5e	figs-doublenegatives		0	If this man were not from God, he could do nothing	This sentence uses a double negative pattern. "Only a man from God could do something like that!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	09	34	da3z	figs-rquestion		0	You were completely born in sins, and you are teaching us?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. It also implies that the man was born blind because of the sins of his parents. Alternate translation: "You were born as a result of your parents' sins. You are not qualified to teach us!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	09	34	kl2x			0	they threw him out	"they threw him out of the synagogue"
JHN	09	35	z6r9			0	General Information:	Jesus finds the man whom he healed ([John 9:1-7](./01.md)) and begins to speak to him and the crowd.
JHN	09	35	rpb5			0	believe in	This means to "believe in Jesus," to believe that he is the Son of God, to trust him as Savior, and live in a way that honors him.
JHN	09	35	tw58			0	the Son of Man	Here the reader needs to understand that Jesus was speaking as if "the Son of Man" were another person. The man who had been born blind did not realize that Jesus was speaking of himself when he spoke of "the Son of Man." You should translate so that the man does not learn that Jesus is the Son of Man until verse 37.
JHN	09	39	azp3	figs-metonymy		0	came into this world	The "world" is a metonym for "the people who live in the world." Alternate translation: "came to live among the people of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	09	39	te5y	figs-metaphor		0	so that those who do not see may see and so that those who see may become blind	Here "seeing" and "blindness" are metaphors. Jesus distinguishes between people who are spiritually blind and physically blind. Alternate translation: "so that those who are blind spiritually, but who want to see God, can see him, and those who already falsely think they can see God will remain in their blindness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	09	40	d8mm			0	Are we also blind?	"Do you think we are spiritually blind?"
JHN	09	41	rh3l	figs-metaphor		0	If you were blind, you would have no sin	Here "blindness" is a metaphor for not knowing God's truth. Alternate translation: "If you wanted to know God's truth, you would be able to receive your sight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	09	41	jmq7	figs-metaphor		0	but now you say, 'We see,' so your sin remains	Here "seeing" is a metaphor for knowing God's truth. Alternate translation: "Since you falsely think that you already know God's truth, you will remain blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	intro	e8mb	John 10 General Notes		0		# John 10 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Blasphemy<br><br>When a person claims that he is God or that God has told him to speak when God has not told him to speak, this is called blasphemy. The law of Moses commanded the Israelites to kill blasphemers by stoning them to death. When Jesus said, "I and the Father are one," the Jews thought he was blaspheming, so they took up stones to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blasphemy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br><br>#### Important metaphors in this chapter<br><br>##### Sheep<br><br>Jesus spoke of people as sheep because sheep do not see well, they do not think well, they often walk away from those who care for them, and they cannot defend themselves when other animals attack them. God's people also rebel against him and do not know when they are doing wrong.<br><br>##### Sheep pen<br><br>A sheep pen was a space with a stone wall around it in which shepherds would keep their sheep. Once they were inside the sheep pen, the sheep could not run away, and animals and thieves could not easily get inside to kill or steal them.<br><br>##### Laying down and taking up life<br><br>Jesus speaks of his life as if it were a physical object that he could lay down on the ground, a metaphor for dying, or pick up again, a metaphor for becoming alive again.<br>
JHN	10	01	gzd8	figs-parables		0	General Information:	Jesus begins to speak in parables. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])
JHN	10	01	ab9x	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues to speak to the Pharisees. This is the same part of the story which began in [John 9:35](../09/35.md).
JHN	10	01	i3tj			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	10	01	xq1f			0	sheep pen	This is a fenced area where a shepherd keeps his sheep.
JHN	10	01	zz7x	figs-doublet		0	a thief and a robber	This is the use of two words with similar meanings to add emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JHN	10	03	uy2v			0	The gatekeeper opens for him	"The gatekeeper opens the gate for the shepherd"
JHN	10	03	iac4			0	The gatekeeper	This is a hired man who watches the gate of the sheep pen at night while the shepherd is away.
JHN	10	03	db3c			0	The sheep hear his voice	"The sheep hear the shepherd's voice"
JHN	10	04	n1ta			0	he goes ahead of them	"he walks in front of them"
JHN	10	04	z8dm			0	for they know his voice	"because they recognize his voice"
JHN	10	06	x5yl			0	they did not understand	Possible meanings: 1) "the disciples did not understand" or 2) "the crowd did not understand."
JHN	10	06	u3nw	figs-metaphor		0	this parable	This is an illustration from the work of shepherds, using metaphors. The "shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. The "sheep" represent those who follow Jesus, and the "strangers" are the Jewish leaders, including the Pharisees, who try to deceive the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	07	q3na	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus begins to explain the meaning of the parables he had spoken.
JHN	10	07	q4hs			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	10	07	nj4k	figs-metaphor		0	I am the gate of the sheep	Here "gate" is a metaphor that means Jesus provides access into the sheepfold where God's people dwell in his presence. Alternate translation: "I am like the gate that the sheep use to enter into the sheepfold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	08	k4z6	figs-explicit		0	Everyone who came before me	This refers to other teachers who have taught the people, including the Pharisees and other Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: "All of the teachers who came without my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	10	08	hqq3	figs-metaphor		0	a thief and a robber	These words are metaphors. Jesus calls those teachers "a thief and a robber" because their teachings were false, and they were trying to lead God's people while not understanding the truth. As a result, they deceived the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	09	yp3g	figs-metaphor		0	I am the gate	Here "gate" is a metaphor. By referring to himself as "the gate," Jesus is showing that he offers a true way to enter the kingdom of God. Alternate translation: "I myself am like that gate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	09	in9p			0	pasture	The word "pasture" means a grassy area where sheep eat.
JHN	10	10	h2gf	figs-doublenegatives		0	does not come if he would not steal	This is a double negative. In some languages it is more natural to use a positive statement. Alternate translation: "comes only to steal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	10	10	h56c	figs-explicit		0	steal and kill and destroy	Here the implied metaphor is "sheep," which represents God's people. Alternate translation: "steal and kill and destroy the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	10	j2k6			0	so that they will have life	The word "they" refers to the sheep. "Life" refers to eternal life. Alternate translation: "so that they will really live, lacking nothing"
JHN	10	11	x196	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues his parable about the good shepherd.
JHN	10	11	xs4m	figs-metaphor		0	I am the good shepherd	Here "good shepherd" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. Alternate translation: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	11	llr4	figs-euphemism		0	lays down his life	To lay down something means to give up control of it. It is a mild way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: "dies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN	10	12	ym8w	figs-metaphor		0	The hired servant	The "hired servant" is a metaphor that represents the Jewish leaders and teachers. Alternate translation: "The one who is like a hired servant" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	12	ue4m	figs-metaphor		0	abandons the sheep	Here the word "sheep" is a metaphor that represents God's people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	13	szr8	figs-metaphor		0	does not care for the sheep	Here the word "sheep" is a metaphor that represents God's people. Like a hired servant who abandons the sheep, Jesus says that the Jewish leaders and teachers do not care for God's people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	14	fg93	figs-metaphor		0	I am the good shepherd	Here the "good shepherd" is a metaphor for Jesus. Alternate translation: "I am like a good shepherd" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	15	qr9g	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	The Father knows me, and I know the Father	God the Father and God the Son know each other unlike anyone else knows them. "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	15	pn9w	figs-euphemism		0	I lay down my life for the sheep	This is a mild way for Jesus to say that he will die to protect his sheep. Alternate translation: "I die for the sheep" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN	10	16	y3g7	figs-metaphor		0	I have other sheep	Here "other sheep" is a metaphor for followers of Jesus who are not Jews. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	16	w86n	figs-metaphor		0	one flock and one shepherd	Here "flock" and "shepherd" are metaphors. All of Jesus's followers, Jews and non-Jews, will be like one flock of sheep. He will be like a shepherd who cares for all of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	17	kd16	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus finishes speaking to the crowd.
JHN	10	17	i59j			0	This is why the Father loves me: I lay down my life	God's eternal plan was for God the Son to give his life to pay for the sins of humanity. Jesus' death on the cross reveals the intense love of the Son for the Father and of the Father for the Son.
JHN	10	17	kpr5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	17	px17			0	loves	This kind of love comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	10	17	wc4l	figs-euphemism		0	I lay down my life so that I may take it again	This is a mild way for Jesus to say he will die and then will become alive again. Alternate translation: "I allow myself to die in order that I may bring myself back to life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN	10	18	j945	figs-rpronouns		0	I lay it down of myself	The reflexive pronoun "myself" is used here to emphasize that Jesus lays down his own life. No one takes it from him. Alternate translation: "I myself lay it down" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	10	18	s13n	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	I have received this command from my Father	"This is what my Father has commanded me to do." The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	19	wft1	Connecting Statement:		0		These verses tell how the Jews responded to what Jesus had said.
JHN	10	20	gm3r	figs-rquestion		0	Why do you listen to him?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize the point that the people should not listen to Jesus. Alternate translation: "Do not listen to him!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	10	21	mj2b	figs-rquestion		0	Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "Certainly a demon cannot cause a blind man to see!" or "Certainly a demon cannot give sight to blind people!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	10	22	f9cm	writing-background		0	General Information:	During the Festival of Dedication, some Jews begin to question Jesus. Verses 22 and 23 give background information about the setting of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	10	22	w25f			0	Festival of the Dedication	This is an eight-day, winter holiday Jews use to remember a miracle where God made a small amount of oil remain lit in a lampstand for eight days. They lit the lampstand to dedicate the Jewish temple to God. To dedicate something is to promise to use it for a special purpose.
JHN	10	23	v6wn	figs-explicit		0	Jesus was walking in the temple	The area where Jesus was walking was actually a courtyard that was outside the temple building. Alternate translation: "Jesus was walking in the temple courtyard" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	10	23	cs2b			0	porch	This is a structure attached to the entrance of a building; it has a roof and it may or may not have walls.
JHN	10	24	m8ja	figs-synecdoche		0	Then the Jews surrounded him	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Then the Jewish leaders surrounded him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	10	24	nk9t	figs-idiom		0	hold us doubting	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "keep us wondering" or "keep us from knowing for sure?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	10	25	cb95	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus begins to respond to the Jews.
JHN	10	25	e7zh	figs-metonymy		0	in the name of my Father	Here "name" is a metonym for the power of God. Here "Father" is an important title for God. Jesus performed miracles through his Father's power and authority. Alternate translation: "through my Father's power" or "with my Father's power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	25	n34x	figs-personification		0	these testify concerning me	His miracles offer proof about him like a person who testifies would offer proof in a court of law. Alternate translation: "offer proof concerning me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
JHN	10	26	als6	figs-metaphor		0	not my sheep	The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. Alternate translation: "not my followers" or "not my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	27	rdw7	figs-metaphor		0	My sheep hear my voice	The word "sheep" is a metaphor for the followers of Jesus. The metaphor of Jesus as the "shepherd" is also implied. Alternate translation: "Just as sheep obey the voice of their true shepherd, my followers heed my voice" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	28	bpx3	figs-metonymy		0	no one will snatch them out of my hand	Here the word "hand" is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. Alternate translation: "no one will steal them away from me" or "they will remain secure forever in my care" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	10	29	g82a	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	My Father, who has given them to me	The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	29	k1ya	figs-metonymy		0	the hand of the Father	The word "hand" is a metonym that refers to God's possession and protective care. Alternate translation: "No one can steal them from my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	10	30	rs4j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	I and the Father are one	Jesus, God the Son, and God the Father are one. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	31	fl8i	figs-synecdoche		0	Then the Jews took up stones	The word "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Then the Jewish leaders started picking up stones again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	10	32	t5q8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Jesus answered them, "I have shown you many good works from the Father	Jesus performed the miracles by the power of God. The word "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	32	tx8h	figs-irony		0	For which of those works are you stoning me?	This question uses irony. Jesus knows the Jewish leaders do not want to stone him because he has done good works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN	10	33	bq1l	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews answered him	The word "Jews" is a synecdoche that represents the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish opponents replied" or "The Jewish leaders answered him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	10	33	h4kp			0	making yourself God	"claiming to be God"
JHN	10	34	qi82	figs-rquestion		0	Is it not written ... gods"'?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You should already know that it is written in your law that I said, 'you are gods.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	10	34	b3gp			0	You are gods	Here Jesus quotes a scripture where God calls his followers "gods," perhaps because he has chosen them to represent him on earth.
JHN	10	35	m8ji	figs-metaphor		0	the word of God came	Jesus speaks of God's message as though it were a person who moved toward those who heard it. Alternate translation: "God spoke his message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	10	35	u9j2			0	the scripture cannot be broken	Possible meanings are 1) "no one can change the scripture" or 2) "the scripture will always be true."
JHN	10	36	dvp5	figs-rquestion		0	do you say to him whom the Father set apart and sent into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' because I said, 'I am the Son of God'?	Jesus used this question to rebuke his opponents for saying that he was blaspheming when he called himself "the Son of God." Alternate translation: "you should not say to the very one whom the Father set apart to send into the world, 'You are blaspheming,' when I say that I am the Son of God!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	10	36	fj9f			0	You are blaspheming	"You are insulting God." Jesus' opponents understood that when said that he is the Son of God, he was implying that he is equal with God.
JHN	10	36	rax1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son of God	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	37	wyd2	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus finishes responding to the Jews.
JHN	10	37	us7v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	10	37	vk1v			0	believe me	Here the word "believe" means to accept or trust what Jesus said is true.
JHN	10	38	k2zf			0	believe in the works	Here "believe in" is to acknowledge that the works Jesus does are from the Father.
JHN	10	38	t8uf	figs-idiom		0	the Father is in me and that I am in the Father	These are idioms that express the close personal relationship between God and Jesus. Alternate translation: "My Father and I are completely joined together as one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	10	39	eqh1	figs-metonymy		0	went away out of their hand	The word "hand" is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate translation: "got away from them again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	10	40	b41s	figs-explicit		0	beyond the Jordan	Jesus had been on the west side of the Jordan River. Alternate translation: "to the east side of the Jordan River" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	10	40	f5dx	figs-explicit		0	he stayed there	Jesus remained on the east side of Jordan for a short period of time. Alternate translation: "Jesus stayed there for several days" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	10	41	m1pl			0	John indeed did no signs, but all the things that John has said about this man are true	"It is true that John did no signs, but he certainly did speak the truth about this man, who does signs."
JHN	10	41	lw9n			0	signs	These are miracles that prove that something is true or that give someone credibility.
JHN	10	42	ieh5			0	believed in	Here "believed in" means accepted or trusted what Jesus said was true.
JHN	11	intro	tks5	John 11 General Notes		0		# John 11 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>##### Passover<br><br>After Jesus made Lazarus become alive again, the Jewish leaders were trying hard to kill him, so he started traveling from place to place in secret. Now the Pharisees knew that he would probably come to Jerusalem for the Passover because God had commanded all Jewish men to celebrate the Passover in Jerusalem, so they planned to catch him and kill him then. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### "One man dies for the people"<br><br>The law of Moses commanded the priests to kill animals so that God would forgive the people's sins. The high priest Caiaphas said, "It is better for you that one man dies for the people than that the whole nation perishes" ([John 10:50](../../jhn/10/50.md)). He said this because he loved his "place" and "nation" ([John 10:48](../../jhn/10/48.md)) more than he loved the God who had made Lazarus become alive again. He wanted Jesus to die so that the Romans would not destroy the temple and Jerusalem, but God wanted Jesus to die so that he could forgive all of his people's sins.<br><br>##### Hypothetical situation<br><br>When Martha said, "If you had been here, my brother would not have died," she was speaking of a situation that could have happened but did not happen. Jesus had not come, and her brother had died.<br>
JHN	11	01	fsf7	writing-participants		0	General Information:	These verses introduce the story of Lazarus and give background information about him and his sister Mary. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	02	c6r9	writing-background		0	It was Mary who anointed the Lord ... her hair	As John introduces Mary, the sister of Martha, he also shares information concerning what would later happen in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	03	i2ar			0	sent for Jesus	"asked Jesus to come"
JHN	11	03	czm1			0	love	Here "love" refers to brotherly love, a natural, human love between friends or relatives.
JHN	11	04	nk3g	figs-explicit		0	This sickness is not to death	Jesus implies that he knows what will happen related to Lazarus and his sickness. Alternate translation: "Death will not be the final result of this sickness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	04	k8d3			0	death	This refers to physical death.
JHN	11	04	q343	figs-explicit		0	instead it is for the glory of God so that the Son of God may be glorified by it	Jesus implies that he knows what the outcome will be. Alternate translation: "but the purpose is that the people might see how great God is because of what his power will allow me to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	04	ad99	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	11	05	j6r4	writing-background		0	Now Jesus loved Martha and her sister and Lazarus	This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	08	y4jm	figs-rquestion		0	Rabbi, right now the Jews are trying to stone you, and you are going back there again?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize that the disciples do not want Jesus to go to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "Teacher, you surely do not want to go back there! The Jews were trying to stone you the last time you were there!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	11	08	p4x9	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	This is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	11	09	uv34	figs-rquestion		0	Are there not twelve hours of light in a day?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You know that the day has twelve hours of light!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	11	09	ln4r	figs-metaphor		0	If someone walks in the daytime, he will not stumble, because he sees by the light of this world	People who walk in the light of the day can see well and do not stumble. "Light" is a metaphor for "truth." Jesus is implying that people who live according to truth will be able to successfully do the things that God wants them to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	11	10	hel4	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN	11	10	vm6h	figs-metaphor		0	if he walks at night	Here "night" is a metaphor that refers to one's walking without God's light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	11	10	c3im			0	the light is not in him	Possible meanings are 1) "he cannot see" or "he does not have God's light."
JHN	11	11	bev5	figs-idiom		0	Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep	Here "fallen asleep" is an idiom that means Lazarus has died. If you have a way of saying this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	11	11	ze1z	figs-idiom		0	but I am going so that I may wake him out of sleep	The words "wake him out of sleep" form an idiom. Jesus is revealing his plan to bring Lazurus back to life. If you have an idiom for this in your language, you may use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	11	12	e5k2	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 13 there is a break in the story line as John comments on the disciples' misunderstanding about what Jesus meant when he said Lazarus was asleep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	12	hn2j			0	if he has fallen asleep	The disciples misunderstand Jesus to mean that Lazarus is resting and will recover.
JHN	11	14	azy3			0	Then Jesus said to them plainly	"So Jesus told them in words that they could understand"
JHN	11	15	c2wh	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN	11	15	c4wj			0	for your sakes	"for your benefit"
JHN	11	15	ar2j			0	that I was not there so that you may believe	"that I was not there. Because of this you will learn to trust me more."
JHN	11	16	dzc3	figs-activepassive		0	who was called Didymus	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom they called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	11	16	ymy6	translate-names		0	Didymus	This is a male name that means "twin." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	11	17	p5ya	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus is now in Bethany. These verses give background information about the setting and about what has happened before Jesus arrived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	17	we1k	figs-activepassive		0	he found that Lazarus had already been in the tomb for four days	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he learned that people had put Lazarus in a tomb four days before" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	11	18	d35v	translate-bdistance		0	fifteen stadia away	"about three kilometers away." A "stadium" is 185 meters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JHN	11	19	m26v	figs-explicit		0	about their brother	Lazarus was their younger brother. Alternate translation: "about their younger brother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	21	ef5h	figs-explicit		0	my brother would not have died	Lazarus was the younger brother. Alternate translation: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	23	j8p2	figs-explicit		0	Your brother will rise again	Lazarus was the younger brother. Alternate translation: "Your younger brother will become alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	24	z7el			0	he will rise again	"he will become alive again"
JHN	11	25	chs2			0	even if he dies	Here "dies" refers to physical death.
JHN	11	25	ef7a			0	will live	Here "live" refers to spiritual life.
JHN	11	26	a6gs			0	whoever lives and believes in me will never die	"those who live and trust in me will never be separated eternally from God" or "those who live and trust in me will be spiritually alive with God forever"
JHN	11	26	fue3			0	will never die	Here "die" refers to spiritual death.
JHN	11	27	mk4e			0	She said to him	"Martha said to Jesus"
JHN	11	27	zd3n			0	Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Christ, the Son of God ... coming into the world	Martha believes that Jesus is Lord, the Christ (the Messiah), the Son of God.
JHN	11	27	y83q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	11	28	yd61	figs-explicit		0	she went away and called her sister Mary	Mary is the younger sister of Martha. Alternate translation: "she went away and called her younger sister Mary" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	28	zs2t			0	Teacher	This is a title referring to Jesus.
JHN	11	28	fv8f			0	is calling for you	"is asking that you come"
JHN	11	30	k5hy	writing-background		0	Now Jesus had not yet come into the village	Here John provides a brief break in the story to give background information regarding the location of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	32	zmp7			0	fell down at his feet	Mary lay down or knelt at the feet of Jesus to show respect.
JHN	11	32	j2wr	figs-explicit		0	my brother would not have died	Lazarus was Mary's younger brother. See how you translated this in [John 11:21](../11/21.md). Alternate translation: "my younger brother would still be alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	33	qef6	figs-doublet		0	he was deeply moved in his spirit and was troubled	John combines these phrases that have similar meanings to express the intense emotional distress and possible anger that Jesus experienced. Alternate translation: "he was greatly upset" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
JHN	11	34	xl9p	figs-euphemism		0	Where have you laid him	This is a milder way of asking, "Where have you buried him?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN	11	35	bj6b			0	Jesus wept	"Jesus began to cry" or "Jesus started crying"
JHN	11	36	b6ee			0	loved	This refers to brotherly love or human love for a friend or family member.
JHN	11	37	b3at	figs-rquestion		0	Could not this man, who opened the eyes of a blind man, also have made this man not die?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express the Jews' surprise that Jesus did not heal Lazarus. Alternate translation: "He could heal a man who was blind, so he should have been able to heal this man so he would not have died!" or "Since he did not keep this man from dying, maybe he did not really heal the man who was born blind, as they say he did!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	11	37	a76u	figs-idiom		0	opened the eyes	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "healed the eyes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	11	38	xu7k	writing-background		0	Now it was a cave, and a stone lay against it	John pauses the story briefly to describe the tomb where the people had buried Lazarus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	39	l2pd	figs-explicit		0	Martha, the sister of Lazarus	Martha and Mary were older sisters of Lazarus. Alternate translation: "Martha, the older sister of Lazarus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	39	lt1d			0	by this time the body will be decaying	"by this time there will be a bad smell" or "the body is already stinking"
JHN	11	40	q5mw	figs-rquestion		0	Did I not say to you that, if you believed, you would see the glory of God?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to the point that God is about to do something wonderful. Alternate translation: "I told you that if you trusted me, you would see what God can do!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	11	41	lj5j	figs-idiom		0	Jesus lifted up his eyes	This is an idiom that means to look up. Alternate translation: "Jesus looked up toward heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	11	41	s2dh			0	Father, I thank you that you listened to me	Jesus prays directly to the Father so that others around him will hear his prayer. Alternate translation: "Father, I thank you that you have heard me" or "Father, I thank you that you have heard my prayer"
JHN	11	41	j54b	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	11	42	bj2b			0	so that they may believe that you have sent me	"I want them to believe that you have sent me"
JHN	11	43	ev4z			0	After he had said this	"After Jesus had prayed"
JHN	11	43	cz9f			0	he cried out with a loud voice	"he shouted"
JHN	11	44	x4cb	figs-activepassive		0	his feet and hands were bound with cloths, and his face was bound about with a cloth	A burial custom of this time was to wrap the dead body with long strips of linen cloth. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had wrapped strips of cloth around his hands and feet. They had also tied a cloth around his face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	11	44	d8xf			0	Jesus said to them	The word "them" refers to the people who were there and saw the miracle.
JHN	11	45	rlf4	writing-background		0	General Information:	These verses tell us what happened after Jesus raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	47	ib61			0	General Information:	Because so many people have told them that Lazarus is alive again, the chief priests and Pharisees gather the Jewish council for a meeting.
JHN	11	47	nhw4			0	Then the chief priests	"Then the leaders among the priests"
JHN	11	47	gz8c			0	Then	The author uses this word to tell the reader that the events that begin in this verse are a result of the events of [John 11:45-46](./45.md).
JHN	11	47	z5e9	figs-explicit		0	What will we do?	It is implied here that the council members are talking about Jesus. Alternate translation: "What are we going to do about Jesus?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	48	kq4z	figs-explicit		0	all will believe in him	The Jewish leaders were afraid that the people would try to make Jesus their king. Alternate translation: "everyone will trust in him and rebel against Rome" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	48	hr3p	figs-synecdoche		0	the Romans will come	This is a synecdoche for the Roman army. Alternate translation: "the Roman army will come" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	11	48	ah4r			0	take away both our place and our nation	"destroy both our temple and our nation"
JHN	11	49	efq8	writing-participants		0	a certain man among them	This is a way to introduce a new character to the story. If you have a way to do this in your language, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN	11	49	lj6b	figs-hyperbole		0	You know nothing	This is an exaggeration that Caiaphas uses to insult his hearers. Alternate translation: "You do not understand what is happening" or "You speak as though you know nothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	11	50	zh9n	figs-explicit		0	than that the whole nation perishes	Caiaphas implies that the Roman army would kill all of the people of the Jewish nation if Jesus is allowed to live and cause a rebellion. The word "nation" here is a synecdoche that represents all of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: "than that the Romans kill all the people of our nation" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	11	51	qww5	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verses 51 and 52 John explains that Caiaphus was prophesying even though he did not realize it at the time. This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	11	51	eh17	figs-synecdoche		0	die for the nation	The word "nation" is a synecdoche and refers to the people of the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	11	52	d85p	figs-ellipsis		0	would be gathered together into one	This is an ellipsis. The word "people" is implied by the context. Alternate translation: "would be gathered into one people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	11	52	mle1			0	children of God	This refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus and are spiritually God's children.
JHN	11	54	gp4h			0	General Information:	Jesus leaves Bethany and goes to Ephraim. In verse 55 the story shifts to telling about what many of the Jews are doing now that Passover is near.
JHN	11	54	bnd8	figs-synecdoche		0	walk openly among the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders and "walk openly" is a metaphor for "live where everyone could see him." Alternate translation: "live where all the Jews could see him" or "walk openly among the Jewish leaders who opposed him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	11	54	cg66			0	the country	the rural area outside cities where fewer people live
JHN	11	54	h5jk	figs-explicit		0	There he stayed with the disciples	Jesus and his disciples stayed in Ephraim for a while. Alternate translation: "There he stayed with his disciples for a short period of time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	11	55	qd5y			0	went up to Jerusalem	The phrase "went up" is used here because Jerusalem is higher in elevation than the surrounding areas.
JHN	11	56	a5kt	figs-events		0	General Information:	The content of verse 57 occurs before that of verse 56. If this order might confuse your readers, you can combine these verses and put the text of verse 57 before the text of verse 56. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
JHN	11	56	kc75			0	They were looking for Jesus	The word "they" refers to the Jewish people who had traveled to Jerusalem.
JHN	11	56	p2wz	figs-rquestion		0	What do you think? That he will not come to the festival?	These are rhetorical questions that express a strong element of doubt that Jesus will come to the Passover Festival. The second question is an ellipsis that leaves out the words "do you think." The speakers here were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival since there was the danger of his being arrested. Alternate translation: "Jesus will probably not come to the festival. He might be afraid of getting arrested!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	11	57	glb6	writing-background		0	Now the chief priests	This is background information that explains why the Jewish worshipers were wondering if Jesus would come to the festival or not. If your language has a way to mark background information, use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	intro	qzv4	John 12 General Notes		0		# John 12 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 12:38 and 40, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>Verse 16 is a commentary on these events. It is possible to put this entire verse in parentheses in order to set it apart from the narrative of the story.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Mary anointed Jesus' feet<br><br>The Jews would put oil on a person's head to make that person feel welcome and comfortable. They would also put oil on a person's body after the person had died but before they buried the body. But they would never think to put oil on a person's feet, because they thought that feet were dirty.<br><br>##### The donkey and the colt<br><br>Jesus rode into Jerusalem on an animal. In this way he was like a king who came into a city after he had won an important battle. Also, the kings of Israel in the Old Testament rode on a donkeys. Other kings rode on horses. So Jesus was showing that he was the king of Israel and that he was not like other kings.<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about this event. Matthew and Mark wrote that the disciples brought Jesus a donkey. John wrote that Jesus found a donkey. Luke wrote that they brought him a colt. Only Matthew wrote that there were both a donkey had a colt. No one knows for sure whether Jesus rode the donkey or the colt. It is best to translate each of these accounts as it appears in the ULT without trying to make them all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 21:1-7](../../mat/21/01.md) and [Mark 11:1-7](../../mrk/11/01.md) and [Luke 19:29-36](../../luk/19/29.md) and [John 12:14-15](../../jhn/12/14.md))<br><br>##### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter John says that the glory of Jesus is his resurrection ([John 12:16](../../jhn/12/16.md)).<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### The metaphors of light and darkness<br><br>The Bible often speaks of unrighteous people, people who do not do what pleases God, as if they were walking around in darkness. It speaks of light as if it were what enables those sinful people to become righteous, to understand what they are doing wrong and begin to obey God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Paradox<br><br>A paradox is a true statement that appears to describe something impossible. A paradox occurs in 12:25: "He who loves his life will lose it; but he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life." But in 12:26 Jesus explains what it means to keep one's life for eternal life. ([John 12:25-26](./25.md)).<br>
JHN	12	01	elj4			0	General Information:	Jesus is at dinner in Bethany when Mary anoints his feet with oil.
JHN	12	01	s1v2	writing-newevent		0	Six days before the Passover	The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN	12	01	z1jp	figs-idiom		0	had raised from the dead	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "had made alive again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	12	03	c8kf	translate-bweight		0	a litra of perfume	You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. Or you may refer to a container that could hold that amount. Alternate translation: "a third of a kilogram of perfume" or "a bottle of perfume" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JHN	12	03	ki9d			0	perfume	This is a good-smelling liquid made by using the oils of pleasant smelling plants and flowers.
JHN	12	03	b3sa	translate-unknown		0	nard	This is a perfume made from a pink, bell-shaped flower in the mountains of Nepal, China, and India. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
JHN	12	03	pq7c	figs-activepassive		0	The house was filled with the fragrance of the perfume	This can be translated in an active form. Alternate translation: "The scent of her perfume filled the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	04	e1xj			0	the one who would betray him	"the one who later enabled Jesus' enemies to seize him"
JHN	12	05	e8d7	figs-rquestion		0	Why was this perfume not sold for three hundred denarii and given to the poor?	This is a rhetorical question. You can translate it as a strong statement. Alternate translation: "This perfume could have been sold for three hundred denarii and the money could have been given to the poor!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	12	05	p838	translate-numbers		0	three hundred denarii	You can translate this as a numeral. Alternate translation: "300 denarii" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN	12	05	dx9e	translate-bmoney		0	denarii	A denarius was the amount of silver that a common laborer could earn in one day of work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
JHN	12	06	ri5l	writing-background		0	Now he said this ... would steal from what was put in it	John explains why Judas asked the question about the poor. If your language has a way of indicating background information, you can use it here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	06	sl8u			0	he said this, not because he cared about the poor, but because he was a thief	"he said this because he was a thief. He did not care about the poor"
JHN	12	07	dcn3	figs-explicit		0	Allow her to keep what she has for the day of my burial	Jesus implies that the woman's actions can be understood as anticipating his death and burial. Alternate translation: "Allow her to show how much she appreciates me! In this way she has prepared my body for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	08	r82p	figs-explicit		0	You will always have the poor with you	Jesus implies that there will always be opportunities to help the poor people. Alternate translation: "There will always be poor people among you, and you can help them whenever you want" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	08	kn28	figs-explicit		0	But you will not always have me	In this way, Jesus implies that he will die. Alternate translation: "But I will not always be here with you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	09	qm36	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here John tells about a new group of people that has come to Bethany from Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	11	kjk7			0	because of him	The fact that Lazarus was alive again caused many Jews to believe in Jesus.
JHN	12	11	f6mg	figs-explicit		0	believed in Jesus	This implies that many of the Jewish people were trusting in Jesus as the Son of God. Alternate translation: "were putting their trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	12	f1im			0	General Information:	Jesus enters Jerusalem and the people honor him as a king.
JHN	12	12	w1c2	writing-newevent		0	On the next day	The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN	12	12	sy8h			0	a great crowd	"a great crowd of people"
JHN	12	13	lzn9			0	Hosanna	This means "May God save us now!"
JHN	12	13	i5ul			0	Blessed	This expresses a desire for God to cause good things to happen to a person.
JHN	12	13	w7ty	figs-metonymy		0	comes in the name of the Lord	Here the word "name" is a metonym for the person's authority and power. Alternate translation: "comes as the representative of the Lord" or "comes in the power of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	14	dbc5	writing-background		0	Jesus found a young donkey and sat on it	Here John gives background information that Jesus secures a donkey. He implies that Jesus will ride the donkey into Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "he found a young donkey and sat on it, riding into the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	14	h6xz	figs-activepassive		0	as it was written	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "as the prophets wrote in the Scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	15	vra1	figs-metonymy		0	daughter of Zion	"Daughter of Zion" here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "you people of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	16	a74d	writing-background		0	General Information:	John, the writer, interrupts here to give the reader some background information about what the disciples later understood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	16	rq52			0	His disciples did not understand these things	Here the words "these things" refer to the words that the prophet had written about Jesus.
JHN	12	16	xdm7	figs-activepassive		0	when Jesus was glorified	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "when God glorified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	16	lvz1			0	they had done these things to him	The words "these things" refer to what the people did when Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey (praising him and waving the palm branches).
JHN	12	17	i6ag	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main narrative. Here John explains that many of the people came to meet Jesus because they heard others say that he had raised Lazarus from the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	18	eel6			0	they heard that he had done this sign	"they heard others say that he had done this sign"
JHN	12	18	v2nx			0	this sign	A "sign" is an event or occurrence that proves something is true. In this case, the "sign" of raising Lazarus proves that Jesus is the Messiah.
JHN	12	19	c43j	figs-explicit		0	Look, you can do nothing	The Pharisees imply here that it might be impossible to stop Jesus. Alternate translation: "It seems like we can do nothing to stop him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	19	i5uq	figs-hyperbole		0	see, the world has gone after him	The Pharisees use this exaggeration to express their shock that so many people have come out to meet Jesus. Alternate translation: "It looks like everyone is becoming his disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	12	19	ev6e	figs-metonymy		0	the world	Here "the world" is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	20	k8v2	writing-participants		0	Now certain Greeks	The phrase "now certain" marks the introduction of new characters to the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
JHN	12	20	i6nd	figs-explicit		0	to worship at the festival	John implies that these "Greeks" were going to worship God during the Passover. Alternate translation: "to worship God at the Passover festival" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	21	lr8c			0	Bethsaida	This was a town in the province of Galilee.
JHN	12	22	b9re	figs-ellipsis		0	they told Jesus	Philip and Andrew tell Jesus about the Greeks' request to see him. You can translate this by adding the implied words. Alternate translation: "they told Jesus what the Greeks had said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	12	23	p96d			0	General Information:	Jesus begins to respond to Philip and Andrew.
JHN	12	23	jl9u	figs-explicit		0	The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified	Jesus implies that it is now the right time for God to honor the Son of Man through his upcoming suffering, death and resurrection. Alternate translation: "God will soon honor me when I die and rise again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	24	m255			0	Truly, truly, I say to you	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated "Truly, truly" in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	12	24	gq2y	figs-metaphor		0	unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies ... it will bear much fruit	Here "a grain of wheat" or "seed" is a metaphor for Jesus' death, burial and resurrection. Just as a seed is planted and grows again into a plant that will bear much fruit, so will many people trust in Jesus after he is killed, buried, and raised back to life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	25	sk6e	figs-explicit		0	He who loves his life will lose it	Here "loves his life" means to consider one's own physical life to be more valuable than the lives of others. Alternate translation: "whoever values his own life more than others will not receive eternal life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	25	mp7b	figs-explicit		0	he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life	Here the one who "hates his life" refers to one who loves his own life less than he loves the lives of others. Alternate translation: "whoever considers the lives of others as more important than his own life will live with God forever" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	26	i8ky	figs-explicit		0	where I am, there will my servant also be	Jesus implies that those who serve him will be with him in heaven. Alternate translation: "when I am in heaven, my servant will also be there with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	26	wx3m	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father will honor him	Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	12	27	ytv9	figs-rquestion		0	what should I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'?	This remark appears in the form of a rhetorical question. Although Jesus desires to avoid crucifixion, he chooses to be obedient to God and to be killed. Alternate translation: "I will not pray, 'Father, save me from this hour!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	12	27	bx1j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	12	27	hmv9	figs-metonymy		0	this hour	Here "this hour" is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	28	v2fk	figs-metonymy		0	glorify your name	Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate translation: "make your glory known" or "reveal your glory" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	28	r6qk	figs-metonymy		0	a voice came from heaven	This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate translation: "God spoke from the heavens" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
JHN	12	30	kd86			0	General Information:	Jesus explains why the voice spoke from heaven.
JHN	12	31	fc6r	figs-metonymy		0	Now is the judgment of this world	Here "this world" is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. Alternate translation: "Now is the time for God to judge all of the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	31	pv51	figs-activepassive		0	Now will the ruler of this world be thrown out	Here "ruler" refers to Satan. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now is the time when I will destroy the power of Satan who rules this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	32	b1zu	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 33 John tells us background information about what Jesus said about being "lifted up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	32	a7tc	figs-activepassive		0	When I am lifted up from the earth	Here Jesus refers to his crucifixion. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "When people raise me high on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	32	n7i6			0	will draw everyone to myself	Through his crucifixion, Jesus will provide a way for everyone to trust in him.
JHN	12	33	v7f3	writing-background		0	He said this to indicate what kind of death he would die	John interprets Jesus' words to mean that people will crucify him. Alternate translation: "He said this to let the people know how he would die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	12	34	mx1k	figs-ellipsis		0	The Son of Man must be lifted up	The phrase "lifted up" means crucified. You may translate this in a way that includes the implied words "on a cross." Alternate translation: "The Son of Man must be lifted up on a cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	12	34	t386			0	Who is this Son of Man?	Possible meanings are 1) "What is the identity of this Son of Man? or 2) "What kind of Son of Man are you talking about?"
JHN	12	35	l2w4	figs-metaphor		0	The light will still be with you for a short amount of time. Walk while you have the light, so that darkness does not overtake you. He who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going	Here "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' teachings which reveal the truth of God. To "walk in darkness" is a metaphor that means to live without God's truth. Alternate translation: "My words are like a light to you, to help you understand how to live as God wants you to. I will not be with you much longer. You need to follow my instructions while I am still with you. If you reject my words, it will be like walking in darkness and you cannot see where you are going" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	36	j1rs	figs-metaphor		0	While you have the light, believe in the light so that you may be sons of light	The "light" is a metaphor for the teachings of Jesus which reveal the truth of God. "sons of light" is a metaphor for those who accept the message of Jesus and live according to God's truth. Alternate translation: "While I am with you, believe what I teach so that God's truth will be in you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	37	s1wh			0	General Information:	This is a break in the main story line as the John begins to explain about the fulfillment of prophesies that had been spoken by the prophet Isaiah.
JHN	12	38	k15e	figs-activepassive		0	so that the word of Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in order to fulfill the message of Isaiah the prophet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	38	gx5x	figs-rquestion		0	Lord, who has believed our report, and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?	This appears in the form of two rhetorical questions to express the prophet's dismay that the people do not believe his message.They may be stated as a single rhetorical question, Alternate translation: "Lord, hardly anyone has believed our message, even though they have seen that you are powerfully able to save them!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	12	38	dh6s	figs-metonymy		0	the arm of the Lord	This is a metonym that refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	40	z323	figs-metonymy		0	he has hardened their hearts ... understand with their hearts	Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "hardened their hearts" is a metaphor for making someone become stubborn. Also, to "understand with their hearts" means to "truly understand." Alternate translation: "he has made them stubborn ... truly understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	40	h99a	figs-metaphor		0	and turn	Here "turn" is a metaphor for "repent." Alternate translation: "and they would repent" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	42	hdh1	figs-activepassive		0	so that they would not be banned from the synagogue	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so people would not stop them from going to the synagogue" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	12	43	fx72			0	They loved the praise that comes from people more than the praise that comes from God	"They wanted people to praise them more than they wanted God to praise them"
JHN	12	44	t7cq			0	General Information:	Now John returns to the main story line. This is another time when Jesus begins to speak to the crowd.
JHN	12	44	d27w	figs-explicit		0	Jesus cried out and said	Here John implies that a crowd of people had gathered to hear Jesus speak. Alternate translation: "Jesus shouted out to the crowd that had gathered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	45	s6xx			0	the one who sees me sees him who sent me	Here the word "him" refers to God. Alternate translation: "the one who sees me sees God, who sent me"
JHN	12	46	db76	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to the crowd.
JHN	12	46	wib3	figs-metaphor		0	I have come as a light	Here the "light" is a metaphor for Jesus' example. Alternate translation: "I have come to show the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	46	i31g	figs-metaphor		0	may not remain in the darkness	Here "darkness" is a metaphor for living in ignorance of God's truth. Alternate translation: "may not continue to be spiritually blind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	12	46	uxb8	figs-metonymy		0	the world	Here "the world" is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	12	47	xvq6	figs-explicit		0	If anyone hears my words but does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I have not come to judge the world, but to save the world	Here "to judge the world" implies condemnation. Jesus did not come to condemn people. Alternate translation: "If anyone hears my teaching and rejects it, I do not condemn him. I have not come to condemn people. Instead, I have come to save those who trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	12	48	b1ds			0	on the last day	"at the time when God judges people's sins"
JHN	12	49	ybm5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	12	50	tar2			0	I know that his command is eternal life	"I know that the words that he commanded me to speak are the words that give life forever"
JHN	13	intro	zk68	John 13 General Notes		0		# John 13 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The events of this chapter are commonly referred to as the last supper or the Lord's supper. This Passover feast in many ways parallels Jesus' sacrifice as the lamb of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The washing of feet<br><br>People in the ancient Near East thought that feet were very dirty. Only servants would wash people's feet. The disciples did not want Jesus to wash their feet because they considered him their master and themselves his servants, but he wanted to show them that they needed to serve each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])<br><br>##### I AM<br><br>John records Jesus as saying these words four times in this book, once in this chapter. They stand alone as a complete sentence, and they literally translate the Hebrew word for "I AM," by which Yahweh identified himself to Moses. For these reasons, many people believe that when Jesus said these words he was claiming to be Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]).<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### "Son of Man"<br><br>Jesus refers to himself as the "Son of Man" in this chapter ([John 13:31](../../jhn/13/31.md)). Your language may not allow people to speak of themselves as if they were speaking about someone else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sonofman]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])<br>
JHN	13	01	wk2k	writing-background		0	General Information:	It is not yet Passover and Jesus is together with his disciples for supper. These verses explain the setting of the story and give background information about Jesus and Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	13	01	w7w3	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	13	01	a1w4			0	loved	This is the kind of love that comes from God, which is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	13	02	xn6r	figs-idiom		0	the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas Iscariot son of Simon, to betray Jesus	The phrase "put it into the heart" is an idiom that means to cause someone to think about something. Alternate translation: "the devil had already caused Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon, to think about betraying Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	13	03	u3vn	writing-background		0		Verse 3 continues to tell us background information about what Jesus knew. The action in the story begins in verse 4. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	13	03	fd2t	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	13	03	x8hc	figs-metonymy		0	had given everything over into his hands	Here "his hands" is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate translation: "had given him complete power and authority over everything" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	13	03	a6qj			0	he had come from God and was going back to God	Jesus had always been with the Father, and would return there after his work on earth was finished.
JHN	13	04	t7cu			0	He got up from dinner and took off his outer clothing	Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus took off his outer clothing so he would look like a servant.
JHN	13	05	s1pc			0	began to wash the feet of the disciples	Because the region was very dusty, it was customary for the host of a dinner to provide a servant to wash the feet of the guests. Jesus did the work of the servant by washing the disciples' feet.
JHN	13	06	bz27	figs-rquestion		0	Lord, are you going to wash my feet?	Peter's question shows that he is not willing for Jesus to wash his feet. Alternate translation: "Lord, it is not right for you to wash the feet of me, a sinner!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	13	08	f6dg	figs-doublenegatives		0	If I do not wash you, you have no share with me	Here Jesus states two negatives to convince Peter to allow him to wash his feet. Jesus implies that Peter must let him wash his feet if he wants to continue being a disciple. Alternate translation: "If I wash you, you will always belong with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	13	10	tv57			0	General Information:	Jesus uses the word "you" to refer to all of his disciples.
JHN	13	10	m7vj	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues to speak to Simon Peter.
JHN	13	10	is57	figs-metaphor		0	He who is bathed has no need, except to wash his feet	Here "bathed" is a metaphor that means that God has cleansed a person spiritually. Alternate translation: "If anyone has already received God's forgiveness, he now only needs to receive cleansing from his daily sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	13	11	ccz4	figs-explicit		0	Not all of you are clean	Jesus implies that the one who will betray him, Judas, has not trusted in him. Therefore God has not forgiven him of his sins. Alternate translation: "Not all of you have received God's forgiveness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	13	12	p45l	figs-rquestion		0	Do you know what I have done for you?	This remark appears in the form of a question so Jesus can emphasize the importance of what he is teaching his disciples. Alternate translation: "You need to understand what I have done for you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	13	13	m9z8	figs-explicit		0	You call me 'teacher' and 'Lord,'	Here Jesus implies that his disciples have great respect for him. Alternate translation: "You show me great respect when you call me 'teacher' and 'Lord.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	13	15	pk3l	figs-explicit		0	you should also do just as I did for you	Jesus implies that his disciples should be willing to follow his example and serve one another. Alternate translation: "you should also humbly serve each other" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	13	16	n5cb	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues to speak to his disciples.
JHN	13	16	h6gt			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	13	16	tpl8			0	greater	one who is more important or more powerful, or one who should have an easier life or a more pleasant life
JHN	13	17	an8u	figs-activepassive		0	you are blessed	Here "bless" means to cause good, beneficial things to happen to a person. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will bless you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	13	18	u5fl	figs-activepassive		0	this so that the scripture will be fulfilled	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "this is in order to fulfill the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	13	18	v5pv	figs-idiom		0	He who eats my bread lifted up his heel against me	Here the phrase "eats my bread" is an idiom for someone who pretends to be a friend. The phrase "lifted up his heel" is also an idiom, which means someone who has become an enemy. If you have idioms in your language that carry these meanings, you can use them here. Alternate translation: "the one who has pretended to be my friend has turned out to be an enemy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	13	19	qd39			0	I tell you this now before it happens	"I am telling you now what is going to happen before it happens"
JHN	13	19	gg19			0	I AM	Possible meanings are 1) Jesus is identifying himself as Yahweh, who identified himself to Moses as "I AM," or 2) Jesus is saying, "I am the one I claim to be."
JHN	13	20	di3t			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	13	21	bq84			0	troubled	concerned, upset
JHN	13	21	j7x1			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	13	22	dhs3			0	The disciples looked at each other, wondering of whom he was speaking	"The disciples looked at each other and wondered: "Who will betray Jesus?"
JHN	13	23	xvi8			0	One of his disciples, whom Jesus loved	This refers to John.
JHN	13	23	z8ze	figs-explicit		0	lying down at the table	During the time of Christ, Jews would often dine together in the Greek style, in which they lay on their sides on low couches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	13	23	p2ee			0	Jesus' side	Lying with one's head against the side of another diner in the Greek style was considered to be the place of greatest friendship with him.
JHN	13	23	a58j			0	loved	This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	13	26	qpj8	writing-background		0	Iscariot	This indicates that Judas was from the village of Kerioth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	13	27	r8lk	figs-ellipsis		0	Then after the bread	The words "Judas took" are understood from the context. Alternate translation: "Then after Judas took the bread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	13	27	xk39	figs-idiom		0	Satan entered into him	This is an idiom that means Satan took complete control of Judas. Alternate translation: "Satan took control of him" or "Satan started to command him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	13	27	rz21			0	so Jesus said to him	Here Jesus is speaking to Judas.
JHN	13	27	agd7			0	What you are doing, do it quickly	"Do quickly what you are planning to do!"
JHN	13	29	rv4z			0	that he should give something to the poor	You can translate this as a direct quote: "Go and give some money to the poor."
JHN	13	30	dw7m	writing-background		0	he went out immediately. It was night	John seems to draw attention here to the fact that Judas will do his evil or "dark" deed in the darkness of the night. Alternate translation: "he went out immediately into the dark night" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	13	31	d6l8	figs-activepassive		0	Now the Son of Man is glorified, and God is glorified in him	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now people are about to see how the Son of Man will receive honor and how God will receive honor through what the Son of Man is doing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	13	32	uaj7	figs-rpronouns		0	God will glorify him in himself, and he will glorify him immediately	The word "him" refers to the Son of Man. The word "himself" is a reflexive pronoun that refers to God. Alternate translation: "God himself will immediately give honor to the Son of Man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
JHN	13	33	zki6			0	Little children	Jesus uses the term "Little children" to communicate that he loves the disciples as though they were his children.
JHN	13	33	lp65	figs-synecdoche		0	as I said to the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "as I said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	13	34	fkc7	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN	13	34	nmf5			0	love	This is the kind of love that comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	13	35	kyd9	figs-hyperbole		0	everyone	You may need to make explicit that this exaggeration refers only to those people who see how the disciples love each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	13	37	ye6m			0	lay down my life	"give up my life" or "die"
JHN	13	38	qp88	figs-rquestion		0	Will you lay down your life for me?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "You say that you will die for me, but the truth is that you will not!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	13	38	sp7p			0	the rooster will not crow before you have denied me three times	"you will say that you do not know me three times before the rooster crows"
JHN	14	intro	kv6m	John 14 General Notes		0		# John 14 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "My Father's house"<br><br>Jesus used these words to speak of heaven, where God lives, not of the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])<br><br>##### The Holy Spirit<br><br>Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](../../jhn/14/16.md)) who is always with God's people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](../../jhn/14/17.md)) who tells God's people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br>
JHN	14	01	a2xv	Connecting Statement:		0		The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.
JHN	14	01	w3dn	figs-metonymy		0	Do not let your heart be troubled	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "Stop being so anxious and worried" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	02	cp9z			0	In my Father's house are many rooms	"There are many places to live in my Father's house"
JHN	14	02	eca3			0	In my Father's house	This refers to heaven, where God lives.
JHN	14	02	v9px	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	02	fp9r			0	many rooms	The word "room" can refer to a single room, or to a larger dwelling.
JHN	14	02	xb2y	figs-you		0	I am going to prepare a place for you	Jesus will prepare a place in heaven for every person who trusts in him. The "you" is plural and refers to all his disciples. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN	14	04	ir1d	figs-metaphor		0	the way	This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the way to God" or 2) "the one who takes people to God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	14	05	e1dl			0	how can we know the way?	"how can we know how to get there?"
JHN	14	06	i8le	figs-metaphor		0	the truth	This is a metaphor that has these possible meanings 1) "the true person" or 2) "the one who speaks true words about God." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	14	06	z9tr	figs-metaphor		0	the life	This is a metaphor that means Jesus can give life to people. Alternate translation: "the one who can make people alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	14	06	g5hn	figs-explicit		0	no one comes to the Father except through me	People can come to God and live with him only by trusting Jesus. Alternate translation: "No one can come to the Father and live with him unless he comes through me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	14	06	f95q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	08	kum1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Lord, show us the Father	The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	09	mr1a	figs-rquestion		0	I have been with you for so long and you still do not know me, Philip?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' words. Alternate translation: "Philip, I have been with you disciples already for a very long time. You should know me by now!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	14	09	l3s8	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Whoever has seen me has seen the Father	To see Jesus, who is God the Son, is to see God the Father. The "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	09	x1uh	figs-rquestion		0	How can you say, 'Show us the Father'?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. Alternate translation: "So you really should not be saying, 'Show us the Father!'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	14	10	v2jb	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus asks Philip a question and then he continues to speak to all of his disciples.
JHN	14	10	hc1z	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not believe ... in me?	This remark appears in the form of a question to emphasize Jesus' words to Philip. Alternate translation: "You really should believe ... in me." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	14	10	e4se	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	10	pgk6			0	The words that I say to you I do not speak from my own authority	"What I am telling you is not from me" or "The words I tell you are not from me"
JHN	14	10	wh9w			0	The words that I say to you	Here "you" is plural. Jesus is now speaking to all of his disciples.
JHN	14	11	ew6g	figs-idiom		0	I am in the Father, and the Father is in me	This is an idiom that means God the Father and Jesus have a unique relationship. Alternate translation: "I am one with the Father, and the Father is one with me" or "my Father and I are just as though we were one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	14	12	gh64			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	14	12	h2rh			0	believes in me	This means to believe that Jesus is the Son of God.
JHN	14	12	cn14	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title that describes the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	13	n2id	figs-metonymy		0	Whatever you ask in my name	Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "Whatever you ask, using my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	13	i138	figs-activepassive		0	so that the Father will be glorified in the Son	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so I can show everyone how great my Father is" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	14	13	j6nh	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	14	sgk6	figs-metonymy		0	If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it	Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it" or "Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	16	tu1e			0	Comforter	This refers to the Holy Spirit.
JHN	14	17	sc6r			0	Spirit of truth	This refers to the Holy Spirit who teaches people what is true about God.
JHN	14	17	i2v7	figs-metonymy		0	The world cannot receive him	Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "The unbelieving people in this world will never welcome him" or "Those who oppose God will not accept him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	18	hy8v	figs-explicit		0	leave you alone	Here Jesus implies that he will not leave his disciples with no one to care for them. Alternate translation: "leave you with no one to care for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	14	19	r5q8	figs-metonymy		0	the world	Here the "world" is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: "the unbelievers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	20	b87j			0	you will know that I am in my Father	God the Father and Jesus live as one person. Alternate translation: "you will know that my Father and I are just like one person"
JHN	14	20	he2a	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	20	ht8z			0	you are in me, and that I am in you	"you and I are just like one person"
JHN	14	21	rw8n			0	loves	This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	14	21	gjl8	figs-activepassive		0	he who loves me will be loved by my Father	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "my Father will love anyone who loves me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	14	21	qsu7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	22	r22b	translate-names		0	Judas (not Iscariot)	This refers to another disciple whose name was Judas, not to the disciple who was from the village of Kerioth who betrayed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	14	22	a7aa			0	why is it that you will show yourself to us	Here the word "show" refers to revealing how wonderful Jesus is. Alternate translation: "Why will you reveal yourself only to us" or "Why will you only let us see how wonderful you are?"
JHN	14	22	gv3a	figs-metonymy		0	not to the world	Here "world" is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "not to those who do not belong to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	23	a9av	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus responds to Judas (not Iscariot).
JHN	14	23	xez7			0	If anyone loves me, he will keep my word	"The one who loves me will do what I have told him to do"
JHN	14	23	ai8y			0	loves	This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	14	23	xk31	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	My Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	23	h9tl	figs-explicit		0	we will come to him and we will make our home with him	The Father and the Son will share life with those who obey what Jesus commands. Alternate translation: "we will come to live with him, and will have a personal relationship with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	14	24	b7di			0	The word that you hear is not from me but from the Father who sent me	"The things I have told you are not things that I have decided to say on my own"
JHN	14	24	c3ju			0	The word	"The message"
JHN	14	24	d7ay			0	that you hear	Here when Jesus says "you" he is speaking to all of his disciples.
JHN	14	26	hk8n	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	27	nx8a	figs-metonymy		0	world	The "world" is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	27	m6qq	figs-metonymy		0	Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraid	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	28	s8bx			0	loved	This kind of love comes from God and desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	14	28	s3t3	figs-explicit		0	I am going to the Father	Here Jesus implies that he will return to his Father. Alternate translation: "I am going back to the Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	14	28	gtk5	figs-explicit		0	the Father is greater than I	Here Jesus implies that the Father has greater authority than the Son while the Son is on the earth. Alternate translation: "the Father has greater authority than I have here" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	14	28	ymq4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	14	30	ah3s			0	ruler of this world	Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/31.md). Alternate translation: "Satan who rules this world"
JHN	14	30	ea6m	figs-explicit		0	ruler ... is coming	Here Jesus implies that Satan is coming to attack him. Alternate translation: "Satan is coming to attack me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	14	31	jhq1	figs-metonymy		0	in order that the world will know	Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: "in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	14	31	r9ub	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	intro	k9jd	John 15 General Notes		0		# John 15 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Vine<br><br>Jesus used the vine as a metaphor for himself. This is because the vine of the grape plant is what takes water and minerals from the ground to the leaves and grapes. Without the vine, the grapes and leaves die. He wanted his followers to know that unless they loved and obeyed him, they would be unable to do anything that pleased God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
JHN	15	01	aws2	Connecting Statement:		0		The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.
JHN	15	01	fen5	figs-metaphor		0	I am the true vine	Here the "true vine" is a metaphor. Jesus compares himself to a vine or a vine stem. He is the source of life that causes people to live in a way that pleases God. Alternate translation: "I am like a vine that produces good fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	01	w2d4	figs-metaphor		0	my Father is the gardener	The "gardener" is a metaphor. A "gardener" is a person who takes care of the vine to ensure it is as fruitful as possible. Alternate translation: "my Father is like a gardener" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	01	hqj7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	02	p311	figs-metaphor		0	He takes away every branch in me that does not bear fruit	Here "every branch" represents people, and "bear fruit" represents living in a way that pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	02	wt8w			0	takes away	"cuts off and takes away"
JHN	15	02	xej7			0	prunes every branch	"trims every branch"
JHN	15	03	xn3j	figs-metaphor		0	You are already clean because of the message that I have spoken to you	The implied metaphor here is the "clean branches" that have already been "pruned." Alternate translation: "It is as if you have already been pruned and are clean branches because you have obeyed what I have taught you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	03	l5zz	figs-you		0	you	The word "you" throughout this passage is plural and refers to the disciples of Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
JHN	15	04	qvv9			0	Remain in me, and I in you	"If you remain joined to me, I will remain joined to you" or "Remain joined to me, and I will remain joined to you"
JHN	15	04	hn7q			0	unless you remain in me	By remaining in Christ, those who belong to him depend on him for everything. Alternate translation: "unless you stay joined to me and depend upon me for everything"
JHN	15	05	mw4t	figs-metaphor		0	I am the vine, you are the branches	The "vine" is a metaphor that represents Jesus. The "branches" is a metaphor that represent those who trust in Jesus and belong to him. Alternate translation: "I am like a vine, and you are like branches that are attached to the vine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	05	r4di	figs-explicit		0	He who remains in me and I in him	Here Jesus implies that his followers are joined to him as he is joined to God. Alternate translation: "He who stays joined to me, as I stay joined to my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	05	hzh4	figs-metaphor		0	he bears much fruit	The implied metaphor here is the fruitful branch that represents the believer who pleases God. Just as a branch that is attached to the vine will bear much fruit, those who stay joined to Jesus will do many things that please God. Alternate translation: "you will bear much fruit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	06	k1tm	figs-metaphor		0	he is thrown away like a branch and dries up	Here the implied metaphor is the unfruitful branch that represents those who do not stay joined to Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the vinedresser throws him away like a branch and it dries up" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	15	06	e789	figs-activepassive		0	they are burned up	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the fire burns them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	15	07	m38f	figs-explicit		0	ask whatever you wish	Jesus implies that believers must ask God to answer their prayers. Alternate translation: "ask God whatever you wish" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	07	mcz5	figs-activepassive		0	it will be done for you	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he will do it for you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	15	08	yq67	figs-activepassive		0	My Father is glorified in this	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "It causes people to honor my Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	15	08	z1ww	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	My Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	08	wpa6	figs-metaphor		0	that you bear much fruit	Here "fruit" is a metaphor for living to please God. Alternate translation: "when you live in a way that pleases him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	08	vtg5			0	are my disciples	"show you are my disciples" or "demonstrate you are my disciples"
JHN	15	09	nf5v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	As the Father has loved me, I have also loved you	Jesus shares the love that God the Father has for him with those who trust in him. Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	09	d32z			0	Remain in my love	"Continue to accept my love"
JHN	15	10	cu4e	figs-explicit		0	If you keep my commandments, you will remain in my love, as I have kept the commandments of my Father and remain in his love	When Jesus' followers obey him, they show their love for him. Alternate translation: "When you do the things I have told you to do, you are living in my love, just as I obey my Father and live in his love" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	10	k1nm	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	11	rcv8			0	I have spoken these things to you so that my joy will be in you	"I have told you these things so that you will have the same kind of joy that I have"
JHN	15	11	r1p1	figs-activepassive		0	so that your joy will be complete	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you will be completely joyful" or "so that your joy may have nothing missing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	15	13	bu8j			0	life	This refers to physical life.
JHN	15	15	h2wv			0	everything that I heard from my Father, I have made known to you	"I have told you everything my Father told me"
JHN	15	15	b56f	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father	Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	16	yu3e	figs-explicit		0	You did not choose me	Jesus implies that his followers did not decide on their own to become his disciples. Alternate translation: "You did not decide to become my disciples" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	16	qj98	figs-metaphor		0	go and bear fruit	Here "fruit" is a metaphor that represents a life that is pleasing to God. Alternate translation: "live lives that please God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	15	16	v3je			0	that your fruit should remain	"that the results of what you do should last forever"
JHN	15	16	z431	figs-metonymy		0	whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to you	Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "Because you belong to me, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	15	16	bcy1	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	18	d5ff	figs-metonymy		0	the world	the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	15	19	x6q8	figs-metonymy		0	the world	the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	15	19	xas7			0	love	This refers to human, brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN	15	20	v53s	figs-metonymy		0	Remember the word that I said to you	Here "word" is a metonym for the message of Jesus. Alternate translation: "Remember the message that I spoke to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	15	21	z35m	figs-metonymy		0	because of my name	Here "because of my name" is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. Alternate translation: "because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	15	22	m75h	figs-explicit		0	If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not have sin, but now they have no excuse for their sin	Jesus implies here that he has shared God's message with those who do not trust him. Alternate translation: "Because I have come and told them God's message, they have no excuse when God judges them for their sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	23	sw4l			0	He who hates me also hates my Father	To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father.
JHN	15	23	u9u7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	24	bd47	figs-doublenegatives		0	If I had not done the works that no one else did among them, they would have no sin, but	You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "Because I have done among them the works that no one else did, they have had sin, and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	15	24	v23s			0	they would have no sin	"they would not have any sin." See how you translated this in [John 15:22](../15/22.md).
JHN	15	24	v6pt			0	they have seen and hated both me and my Father	To hate God the Son is to hate God the Father.
JHN	15	25	x7g9	figs-activepassive		0	to fulfill the word that is written in their law	You can translate this in an active form. "Word" here is a metonym for the entire message of God. Alternate translation: "to fulfill the prophecy in their law" and "to fulfill the prophecy in their law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	15	25	j2m2			0	law	This refers generally to the entire Old Testament, which contained all of God's instructions for his people.
JHN	15	26	mwq6			0	will send ... from the Father ... the Spirit of truth ... he will testify about me	God the Father sent God the Spirit to show the world that Jesus is God the Son.
JHN	15	26	tpw6	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	15	26	tzi9	figs-explicit		0	the Spirit of truth	This is a title for the Holy Spirit. Alternate translation: "the Spirit who tells the truth about God and me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	27	r47f	figs-explicit		0	You are also testifying	Here "testifying" means to tell others about Jesus. Alternate translation: "You also must tell everyone what you know about me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	15	27	ew2v	figs-metonymy		0	the beginning	Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate translation: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	intro	wb8v	John 16 General Notes		0		# John 16 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The Holy Spirit<br><br>Jesus told his disciples that he would send the Holy Spirit to them. The Holy Spirit is the Comforter ([John 14:16](../../jhn/14/16.md)) who is always with God's people to help them and to speak to God for them, He is also the Spirit of truth ([John 14:17](../../jhn/14/17.md)) who tells God's people what is true about God so they know him better and serve him well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>##### "The hour is coming"<br><br>Jesus used these words to begin prophecies about times that could be shorter or longer than sixty minutes. "The hour" in which people would persecute his followers ([John 16:2](../../jhn/16/02.md)) was days, weeks, and years long, but "the hour" in which his disciples would scatter and leave him alone ([John 16:32](../../jhn/16/32.md)) was less than sixty minutes long. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Simile<br><br>Jesus said that just as a woman is in pain as she gives birth to a baby and his followers would be sad when he died. But the woman is glad after the baby is born, and his followers would be happy when he became alive again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br>
JHN	16	01	pbc8	Connecting Statement:		0		The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus reclines at the table with his disciples and continues to speak to them.
JHN	16	01	vui6	figs-explicit		0	you will not fall away	Here the phrase "fall away" implies to stop putting one's trust in Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "you will not stop trusting in me because of the difficulties you must face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	16	02	i79b			0	the hour is coming when everyone who kills you will think that he is offering a service to God	"it will someday happen that a person will kill you and think he is doing something good for God."
JHN	16	03	cqw1			0	They will do these things because they have not known the Father nor me	They will kill some believers because they do not know God the Father or Jesus.
JHN	16	03	k4r6	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	04	blb2	figs-metonymy		0	when their hour comes	Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. Alternate translation: "when they cause you to suffer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	04	dh5i	figs-metonymy		0	in the beginning	This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate translation: "when you first started following me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	06	kr4d	figs-metonymy		0	sadness has filled your heart	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "you are now very sad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	07	g3ze	figs-doublenegatives		0	if I do not go away, the Comforter will not come to you	You can translate this in a positive form. Alternate translation: "the Comforter will come to you only if I go away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	16	07	d1zd			0	Comforter	This is a title for the Holy Spirit who will be with the disciples after Jesus goes away. See how you translated this in [John 14:26](../14/26.md).
JHN	16	08	e7di			0	the Comforter will prove the world to be wrong about sin	When the Holy Spirit came, he began to show people that they are sinners.
JHN	16	08	bpu5			0	Comforter	This refers to the Holy Spirit. See how you translated this in [John 14:16](../14/16.md).
JHN	16	08	i78r	figs-metonymy		0	world	This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	09	v4hk			0	about sin, because they do not believe in me	"they are guilty of sin because they do not trust in me"
JHN	16	10	t4qe			0	about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, and you will no longer see me	"when I return to God, and they see me no more, they will know that I did the right things"
JHN	16	10	r121	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	11	l71y			0	about judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged	"God will hold them accountable and will punish them for their sins, just as he will punish Satan, the one who rules this world"
JHN	16	11	x2z1			0	the ruler of this world	Here "ruler" refers to Satan. See how you translated this in [John 12:31](../12/31.md). Alternate translation: "Satan who rules this world"
JHN	16	12	g29n			0	things to say to you	"messages for you" or "words for you"
JHN	16	13	j7gr			0	the Spirit of Truth	This is a name for the Holy Spirit who will tell the people the truth about God.
JHN	16	13	pau7	figs-explicit		0	he will guide you into all the truth	The "truth" refers to spiritual truth. Alternate translation: "he will teach you all the spiritual truth you need to know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	16	13	v738	figs-explicit		0	he will say whatever he hears	Jesus implies that God the Father will speak to the Spirit. Alternate translation: "he will say whatever God tells him to say" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	16	14	m9pb	figs-explicit		0	he will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you	Here "things of mine" refers to Jesus' teaching and mighty works. Alternate translation: "he will reveal to you that what I have said and done are indeed true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	16	15	s73e	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	15	rmq9	figs-explicit		0	the Spirit will take from what is mine and he will tell it to you	The Holy Spirit will tell people that the words and works of Jesus are true. Alternate translation: "The Holy Spirit will tell everyone that my words and works are true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	16	16	nq4g			0	In a short amount of time	"Soon" or "Before much time passes"
JHN	16	16	en9b			0	after another short amount of time	"again, before much time passes"
JHN	16	17	f2sj			0	General Information:	There is a break in Jesus' speaking as his disciples ask each other about what Jesus meant.
JHN	16	17	s9x3			0	A short amount of time you will no longer see me	The disciples did not understand that this refers to Jesus' death on the cross.
JHN	16	17	zd1n			0	after another short amount of time you will see me	Possible meanings are 1) This could refer to Jesus' resurrection or 2) This could refer to Jesus' coming at the end of time.
JHN	16	17	sz1v	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	19	j7dv	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN	16	19	j7wv	figs-rquestion		0	Is this what you are asking yourselves, what I meant by saying, ... see me'?	Jesus uses this question so his disciples will focus on what he has just told them, so he can explain further. Alternate translation: "You are asking yourselves what I meant when I said, ... see me.'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	16	20	jx6s			0	Truly, truly, I say to you	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	16	20	p9x1	figs-metonymy		0	but the world will be glad	Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "but the people who oppose God will be glad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	20	p6v5	figs-activepassive		0	but your sorrow will be turned into joy	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but your sadness will become joy" or "but afterwards instead of being sad you will be very happy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	16	22	j7ge	figs-metonymy		0	your heart will be glad	Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "you will be very happy" or "you will be very joyful" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	23	g4qt			0	Truly, truly, I say to you	Translate this the way your language emphasizes that what follows is important and true. See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	16	23	v91r	figs-metonymy		0	if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to you	Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	23	w5jj	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	23	q75v	figs-metonymy		0	in my name	Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. Alternate translation: "because you are my followers" or "on my authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	24	p83u	figs-activepassive		0	your joy will be fulfilled	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will give you great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	16	25	m4wc			0	in figures of speech	"in language that is not clear"
JHN	16	25	n93q			0	the hour is coming	"it will soon happen"
JHN	16	25	r73l			0	tell you plainly about the Father	"tell you about the Father in a way that you will clearly understand."
JHN	16	25	bq3q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	26	vf63	figs-metonymy		0	you will ask in my name	Here "name" is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate translation: "you will ask because you belong to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	26	cy76	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	27	scs2			0	the Father himself loves you because you have loved me	When a person loves Jesus, the Son, they also love the Father, because the Father and Son are one.
JHN	16	27	b49q	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	I came from the Father	Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	28	xn2v			0	I came from the Father ... I am leaving the world and I am going to the Father	After his death and resurrection, Jesus will return to God the Father.
JHN	16	28	wyz7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	I came from the Father ... going to the Father	Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	28	l3zb	figs-metonymy		0	world	The "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	16	29	h725	Connecting Statement:		0		The disciples respond to Jesus.
JHN	16	31	c8cu	figs-rquestion		0	Do you believe now?	This remarks appears in the form of a question to show that Jesus is puzzled that his disciples are only now ready to trust him. Alternate translation: "So, now you finally place your trust in me! (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	16	32	kcb1	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus continues speaking to his disciples.
JHN	16	32	yza2	figs-activepassive		0	you will be scattered	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "others will scatter you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	16	32	k3br	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	the Father is with me	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	16	33	k6d6	figs-explicit		0	so that you will have peace in me	Here "peace" refers to inner peace. Alternate translation: "so that you may have inner peace because of your relationship with me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	16	33	z7wj	figs-metonymy		0	I have conquered the world	Here "the world" refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. Alternate translation: "I have conquered the troubles of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	intro	nb2a	John 17 General Notes		0		# John 17 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter forms one long prayer.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Glory<br><br>Scripture often speaks of God's glory as a great, brilliant light. When people see this light, they are afraid. In this chapter Jesus asks God to show his followers his true glory ([John 17:1](../../jhn/17/01.md)).<br><br>##### Jesus is eternal<br><br>Jesus existed before God created the world ([John 17:5](../../jhn/17/05.md)). John wrote about this in [John 1:1](../../jhn/01/01.md).<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Prayer<br><br>Jesus is God's one and only Son ([John 3:16](../../jhn/03/16.md)), so he could pray differently from the way other people pray. He used many words that sounded like commands. Your translation should make Jesus sound like a son speaking with love and respect to his father and telling him what the father needs to do so that the father will be happy.<br>
JHN	17	01	uf8z	Connecting Statement:		0		The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus had been speaking to his disciples, but now he begins to pray to God.
JHN	17	01	b4pj	figs-idiom		0	he lifted up his eyes to the heavens	This is an idiom that means to look upward. Alternate translation: "he looked up to the sky" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	17	01	k7tb			0	heavens	This refers to the sky.
JHN	17	01	n15x			0	Father ... glorify your Son so that the Son will glorify you	Jesus asks God the Father to honor him so that he can give honor to God.
JHN	17	01	l8sa	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father ... Son	These are important titles that describe the relationship between God and Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	17	01	jup7	figs-metonymy		0	the hour has come	Here the word "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. Alternate translation: "it is time for me to suffer and die" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	02	vbt4			0	all flesh	This refers to all people.
JHN	17	03	tx6m			0	This is eternal life ... know you, the only true God, and ... Jesus Christ	Eternal life is to know the only true God, God the Father and God the Son.
JHN	17	04	h4hu	figs-metonymy		0	the work that you have given me to do	Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	05	k9ra	figs-explicit		0	Father, glorify me ... with the glory that I had with you before the world was made	Jesus had glory with God the Father "before the world was made" because Jesus is God the Son. Alternate translation: "Father, give me honor by bringing me into your presence as we were before we made the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	17	05	g8at	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	17	06	s4p3	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus begins to pray for his disciples.
JHN	17	06	vbn8	figs-metonymy		0	I revealed your name	Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person of God. Alternate translation: "I taught them who you really are and what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	06	hn8z	figs-metonymy		0	from the world	Here "world" is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	06	u8lc	figs-idiom		0	kept your word	This is an idiom that means to obey. Alternate translation: "obeyed your teaching" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	17	09	ndb1	figs-metonymy		0	I do not pray for the world	Here the word "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "I am not praying for those who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	11	bk2h	figs-metonymy		0	in the world	This is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "among the people who do not belong to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	11	a7un			0	Holy Father, keep them ... that they will be one ... as we are one	Jesus asks the Father to keep those who trust in him so they can have a close relationship with God.
JHN	17	11	kp1d	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	17	11	yq9z	figs-metonymy		0	keep them in your name that you have given me	Here the word "name" is a metonym for God's power and authority. Alternate translation: "keep them safe by your power and authority, which you have given me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	12	s5kw	figs-metonymy		0	I kept them in your name	Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. Alternate translation: "I kept them with your protection" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	12	a4s8			0	not one of them was destroyed, except for the son of destruction	"the only one among them who was destroyed is the son of destruction"
JHN	17	12	az2m	figs-explicit		0	the son of destruction	This refers to Judas, who betrayed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the one whom you long ago decided you would destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	17	12	blz4	figs-activepassive		0	so that the scriptures would be fulfilled	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to fulfill the prophecy about him in the scriptures" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	17	13	p71q	figs-metonymy		0	the world	These words are a metonym for the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	13	jp4v	figs-activepassive		0	so that they will have my joy fulfilled in themselves	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you might give them great joy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	17	14	bc1y			0	I have given them your word	"I have spoken your message to them"
JHN	17	14	qf43	figs-metonymy		0	the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world	Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate translation: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	15	hg22	figs-metonymy		0	the world	In this passage, "the world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	15	s3vp	figs-explicit		0	keep them from the evil one	This refers to Satan. Alternate translation: "protect them from Satan, the evil one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	17	17	y53e	figs-explicit		0	Set them apart by the truth	The purpose for setting them apart can be stated clearly. The phrase "by the truth" here represents by teaching the truth. Alternate translation: "Make them your own people by teaching them the truth" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	17	17	y5qx			0	Your word is truth	"Your message is true" or "What you say is true"
JHN	17	18	bh1a	figs-metonymy		0	into the world	Here into "the world" is a metonym that means to the people who live in the world. Alternate translation: "to the people of the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	19	z4z8	figs-activepassive		0	so that they themselves may also be set apart in truth	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that they may also set apart themselves truly to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	17	20	n7mp			0	those who will believe in me through their word	"those who will believe in me because they teach about me"
JHN	17	21	s8a1			0	they will all be one, just as you, Father, are in me, and I am in you. May they also be in us	Those who trust in Jesus become united with the Father and the Son when they believe.
JHN	17	21	yt2w	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	17	21	nef9	figs-metonymy		0	the world	Here the "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. Alternate translation: "the people who do not know God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	22	p4mj			0	The glory that you gave me, I have given to them	"I have honored my followers just as you have honored me"
JHN	17	22	wwu9	figs-activepassive		0	so that they will be one, just as we are one	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "so that you can unite them just as you have united us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	17	23	fld5			0	that they may be brought to complete unity	"that they may be completely united"
JHN	17	23	s7ph	figs-metonymy		0	that the world will know	Here "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. Alternate translation: "that all the people will know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	23	rw4u			0	loved	This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	17	24	da83	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	17	24	xh1a	figs-explicit		0	where I am	Here "where I am" refers to heaven. Alternate translation: "with me in heaven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	17	24	hz83			0	to see my glory	"to see my greatness"
JHN	17	24	fiv7	figs-explicit		0	before the creation of the world	Here Jesus refers to the time before creation. Alternate translation: "before we created the world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	17	25	cj69	Connecting Statement:		0		Jesus finishes his prayer.
JHN	17	25	ur9j	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Righteous Father	Here "Father" is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	17	25	xpf5	figs-metonymy		0	the world did not know you	The "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate translation: "those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	26	xpi3	figs-metonymy		0	I made your name known to them	The word "name" refers to God. Alternate translation: "I have revealed to them what you are like" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	17	26	gk2j			0	love ... loved	This kind of love comes from God and focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	18	intro	ltl2	John 18 General Notes		0		# John 18 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Verse 14 says, "Now Caiaphas was the one who had given the advice to the Jews that it would be better that one man die for the people." The author says this to help the reader understand why it was to Caiaphas that they took Jesus. You might want to put these words in parentheses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "It is not lawful for us to put any man to death"<br><br>The Roman government did not allow the Jews to kill criminals, so the Jews needed to ask Pilate, the governor, to kill him ([John 18:31](../../jhn/18/31.md)).<br><br>##### Jesus' kingdom<br><br>No one knows for sure what Jesus meant when he told Pilate that his kingdom was not "of this world" ([John 18:36](../../jhn/18/36.md)). Some people think that Jesus means that his kingdom is only spiritual and that he has no visible kingdom on this earth, Other people think that Jesus meant that he would not build and rule his kingdom by force, the way other kings build theirs. It is possible to translate the words "is not of this world" as "is not from this place" or "comes from another place."<br><br>##### King of the Jews<br><br>When Pilate asked if Jesus were the King of the Jews ([John 18:33](../../jhn/18/33.md)), he was asking if Jesus were claiming to be like King Herod, whom the Romans were permitting to rule Judea. When he asked the crowd if he should release the King of the Jews ([John 18:39](../../jhn/18/39.md)), he is mocking the Jews, because the Romans and Jews hated each other. He was also mocking Jesus, because he did not think that Jesus was a king at all, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br>
JHN	18	01	sq3t	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verses 1-2 give background information for the events that follow. Verse 1 tells where they took place, and verse 2 gives background information about Judas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	01	cxz8	writing-newevent		0	After Jesus spoke these words	The author uses these words to mark the beginning of a new event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
JHN	18	01	z9bw	translate-names		0	Kidron Valley	a valley in Jerusalem separating the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	18	01	w3zx	figs-explicit		0	where there was a garden	This was a grove of olive trees. Alternate translation: "where there was a grove of olive trees" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	04	k71q			0	General Information:	Jesus begins to speak with the soldiers, officers, and Pharisees.
JHN	18	04	sh2u			0	Then Jesus, who knew all the things that were happening to him	"Then Jesus, who knew everything that was about to happen to him"
JHN	18	05	vg2d			0	Jesus of Nazareth	"Jesus, the man from Nazareth"
JHN	18	05	fd9y	figs-explicit		0	I am	The word "he" is implied in the text. Alternate translation: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	05	g4hx			0	who betrayed him	"who handed him over"
JHN	18	06	b8tl	figs-explicit		0	I am	Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translation: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	06	w38n	figs-explicit		0	fell to the ground	The men fell to the ground because of Jesus' power. Alternate translation: "fell down because of Jesus' power" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	07	uf85			0	Jesus of Nazareth	"Jesus, the man from Nazareth"
JHN	18	08	l8as	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 9 there is a break from the main story line as John tells us background information about Jesus fulfilling Scripture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	08	ui8z	figs-explicit		0	I am	Here the word "he" is not present in the original text, but it is implied. Alternate translation: "I am he" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	09	bjp9	figs-explicit		0	This was in order to fulfill the word that he said	Here "the word" refers to the words Jesus had prayed. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This happened in order to fulfill the words that he had said when he was praying to his Father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	18	10	fe37	translate-names		0	Malchus	Malchus is a male servant of the high priest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	18	11	u2s9			0	sheath	the cover for a sharp knife or sword, so the knife will not cut the owner
JHN	18	11	ghz6	figs-rquestion		0	Should I not drink the cup that the Father has given me?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to Jesus' statement. Alternate translation: "I must surely drink the cup that the Father has given to me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	11	m4f3	figs-metaphor		0	the cup	Here "cup" is a metaphor that refers to the suffering that Jesus must endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	18	11	cjx7	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	18	12	wxb6	writing-background		0	General Information:	Verse 14 tells us background information about Caiaphas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	12	cl3f	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	Here "the Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	18	12	i6bz	figs-explicit		0	seized Jesus and tied him up	The soldiers tied Jesus' hands to prevent him from escaping. Alternate translation: "captured Jesus and tied him up to prevent him from escaping" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	15	hch7	figs-activepassive		0	Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now the high priest knew that disciple so he was able to enter with Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	18	16	utf4	figs-activepassive		0	So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "So the other disciple, whom the high priest knew" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	18	17	r82l	figs-rquestion		0	Are you not also one of the disciples of this man?	This appears in the form of a question to enable the servant to express her remark somewhat cautiously. Alternate translation: "You are also one of the arrested man's disciples! Are you not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	18	bbe9	figs-explicit		0	Now the servants and the officers were standing there, and they had made a charcoal fire, for it was cold, and they were warming themselves	These were the high priest's servants and the temple guards. Alternate translation: "It was cold, so the high priest's servants and temple guards made a charcoal fire and were standing and warming themselves around it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	18	hbw6	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line so John can add the information about the people who were warming themselves around the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	19	ppt2			0	General Information:	Here the story line shifts back to Jesus.
JHN	18	19	e8h3			0	The high priest	This was Caiphas ([John 18:13](../18/13.md)).
JHN	18	19	y6gn	figs-explicit		0	about his disciples and his teaching	Here "his teaching" refers to what Jesus had been teaching the people. Alternate translation: "about his disciples and what he had been teaching the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	20	h2kj	figs-explicit		0	I have spoken openly to the world	You may need to make explicit that the word "world" is a metonym for those people who had heard Jesus teach. Here the exaggeration "the world" emphasizes that Jesus has spoken openly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	18	20	vcv3	figs-hyperbole		0	where all the Jews come together	Here "all the Jews" is an exaggeration that emphasizes that Jesus spoke where anyone who wanted to hear him could hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	18	21	dlu6	figs-rquestion		0	Why did you ask me?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: "You should not be asking me these questions!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	22	szv3	figs-rquestion		0	Is that how you answer the high priest?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "That is not how you should answer the high priest!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	23	d76y			0	testify about the wrong	"tell me what I said that was wrong"
JHN	18	23	r8dy	figs-rquestion		0	if rightly, why do you hit me?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis to what Jesus is saying. Alternate translation: "if I said only what was right, you should not be hitting me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	25	jr1c			0	General Information:	Here the story line shifts back to Peter.
JHN	18	25	ki76	writing-background		0	Now	This word is used to mark a break in the story line so John can provide information about Peter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	25	l2bj	figs-rquestion		0	Are you not also one of his disciples?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You are also one of his disciples!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	26	x6s3	figs-rquestion		0	Did I not see you in the garden with him?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "I saw you in the olive tree grove with the man they arrested! Did I not?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	27	msy6	figs-explicit		0	Peter then denied again	Here it is implied that Peter denied knowing and being with Jesus. Alternate translation: "Peter then denied again that he knew Jesus or that he had been with him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	27	jww8	figs-explicit		0	immediately the rooster crowed	Here it is assumed the reader will remember that Jesus had said Peter would deny him before the rooster crowed. Alternate translation: "immediately the rooster crowed, just as Jesus had said would happen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	28	a6e7	writing-background		0	General Information:	Here the story line shifts back to Jesus. The soldiers and Jesus' accusers bring him to Caiaphas. Verse 28 gives us background information about why they did not enter the Praetorium. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	28	ija7	figs-explicit		0	Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas	Here it is implied that they are leading Jesus from Caiaphas' house. Alternate translation: "Then they led Jesus from Caiaphas' house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	28	h3vx	figs-explicit		0	they did not enter the government headquarters so that they would not be defiled	Pilate was not a Jew, so if the Jewish leaders entered his headquarters, they would be defiled. This would have prevented them from celebrating the Passover. You can translate the double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "they themselves remained outside Pilate's headquarters because Pilate was a Gentile. They did not want to become defiled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	18	30	gj5s	figs-doublenegatives		0	If this man was not an evildoer, we would not have given him over to you	You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "This man is an evil doer, and we had to bring him to you for punishment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	18	30	j9w3			0	given him over	This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy.
JHN	18	31	s3l4	writing-background		0	General Information:	In verse 32 there is a break from the main story line as the author tells us background information about how Jesus' predicted how he would die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	18	31	ln9s	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews said to him	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus and arrested him. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders said to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	18	31	ph54	figs-explicit		0	It is not lawful for us to put any man to death	According to Roman law, the Jews could not put a man to death. Alternate translation: "According to Roman law, we cannot put a person to death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	32	ta7m	figs-activepassive		0	so that the word of Jesus would be fulfilled	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in order to fulfill what Jesus had said earlier" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	18	32	tu3c			0	to indicate by what kind of death he would die	"regarding how he would die"
JHN	18	35	kfq5	figs-rquestion		0	I am not a Jew, am I?	This remark appears in the form of a question so Pilate can emphasize his complete lack of interest in the cultural affairs of the Jewish people. Alternate translation: "Well I am certainly not a Jew, and I have no interest in these matters!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	35	en38			0	Your own people	"Your fellow Jews"
JHN	18	36	gq19	figs-metonymy		0	My kingdom is not of this world	Here "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "My kingdom is not part of this world" or 2) "I do not need this world's permission to rule as their king" or "It is not from this world that I have authority to be king." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	18	36	s2lq	figs-activepassive		0	so that I would not be given over to the Jews	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "and would prevent the Jewish leaders from arresting me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	18	36	pu8j	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	18	37	ug7i	figs-synecdoche		0	I have come into the world	Here "world" is a synecdoche that refers to the people who live in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	18	37	gl3k	figs-explicit		0	bear witness to the truth	Here "the truth" refers to the truth about God. Alternate translation: "tell people the truth about God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	18	37	ltn9	figs-idiom		0	who belongs to the truth	This is an idiom that refers to anyone who loves the truth about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	18	37	fa97	figs-synecdoche		0	my voice	Here "voice" is a synecdoche that refers to words Jesus says. Alternate translation: "the things I say" or "me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	18	38	zbm5	figs-rquestion		0	What is truth?	This remark appears in the form of a question to reflect Pilate's belief that no one really knows what truth is. Alternate translation: "No one can know what is true!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	18	38	rma7	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	18	40	a7pl	figs-ellipsis		0	Not this man, but Barabbas	This is an ellipsis. You can add the implied words. Alternate translation: "No! Do not release this man! Release Barabbas instead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	18	40	h11k	writing-background		0	Now Barabbas was a robber	Here John provides background information about Barabbas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	19	intro	u96u	John 19 General Notes		0		# John 19 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 19:24, which are words from the Old Testament.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### "Purple garment"<br><br>Purple is a color like red or blue. The people were mocking Jesus, so they put him in a purple garment. This was because kings wore purple garments. They spoke and acted like they were giving honor to a king, but everyone knew that they were doing it because they hated Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>##### "You are not Caesar's friend"<br><br>Pilate knew that Jesus was not a criminal, so he did not want to have his soldiers kill him. But the Jews told him that Jesus was claiming to be a king, and anyone who did that was breaking Caesar's laws ([John 19:12](../../jhn/19/12.md)).<br><br>##### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 19:41](../../jhn/19/41.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Sarcasm<br><br>The soldiers were insulting Jesus when they said, "Hail, King of the Jews." Pilate was insulting the Jews when he asked, "Should I crucify your king?" He was probably also insulting both Jesus and the Jews when he wrote, "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Gabbatha, Golgotha<br><br>These are two Hebrew words. After translating the meanings of these words ("The Pavement" and "The Place of a Skull"), the author transliterates their sounds by writing them with Greek letters.<br>
JHN	19	01	u3gi	Connecting Statement:		0		The part of the story from the previous chapter continues. Jesus is standing before Pilate as he is being accused by the Jews.
JHN	19	01	yay2	figs-synecdoche		0	Then Pilate took Jesus and whipped him	Pilate himself did not whip Jesus. Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the soldiers that Pilate ordered to whip Jesus. Alternate translation: "Then Pilate ordered his soldiers to whip Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	03	u4vw	figs-irony		0	Hail, King of the Jews	The greeting "Hail" with a raised hand was only used to greet Caesar. As the soldiers use the crown of thorns and the purple robe to mock Jesus, it is ironic that they do not recognize that he is indeed a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
JHN	19	04	c6v2	figs-explicit		0	I find no guilt in him	Pilate states this twice to say he does not believe Jesus is not guilty of any crime. He does not want to punish him. Alternate translation: "I see no reason to punish him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	05	t9wn			0	crown of thorns ... purple garment	The crown and the purple robe are things only kings wear. The soldiers dressed Jesus in this manner to mock him. See [John 19:2](../19/02.md).
JHN	19	07	x7bg	figs-synecdoche		0	The Jews answered him	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "The Jewish leaders answered Pilate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	07	vr7p			0	he has to die because he claimed to be the Son of God	Jesus was condemned to death by crucifixion because he claimed he was "the Son of God."
JHN	19	07	xt93	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	19	10	wcm8	figs-rquestion		0	Are you not speaking to me?	This remark appears in the form of a question. Here Pilate expresses his surprise that Jesus does not take the opportunity to defend himself. Alternate translation: "I cannot believe you are refusing to speak to me!" or "Answer me!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	19	10	iap3	figs-rquestion		0	Do you not know that I have power to release you, and power to crucify you?	This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. Alternate translation: "You should know that I am able to release you or to order my soldiers to crucify you!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	19	10	t82v	figs-metonymy		0	power	Here "power" is a metonym that refers to the ability to do something or to cause something to happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	19	11	x2as	figs-doublenegatives		0	You do not have any power over me except for what has been given to you from above	You can translate this double negative in a positive and active form. Alternate translation: "You are able to act against me only because God has made you able" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	11	arc9			0	from above	This is a respectful way of referring to God.
JHN	19	11	vc79			0	gave me over	This phrase here means to hand over to an enemy.
JHN	19	12	a39p	figs-explicit		0	At this answer	Here "this answer" refers to Jesus' answer. Alternate translation: "When Pilate heard Jesus' answer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	12	r8va	figs-explicit		0	Pilate tried to release him	The form of "tried" in the original indicates that Pilate tried "hard" or "repeatedly" to release Jesus. Alternate translation: "he tried hard to release Jesus" or "he tried again and again to release Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	12	q1vq	figs-synecdoche		0	but the Jews cried out	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders that opposed Jesus. In the original, the form of "cried out" indicates that they cried out or shouted repeatedly. Alternate translation: "but the Jewish leaders kept shouting" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	12	g9xj			0	you are not a friend of Caesar	"you are opposing Caesar" or "you are opposing the emperor"
JHN	19	12	bhl3			0	makes himself a king	"claims that he is a king"
JHN	19	13	xr6b	figs-synecdoche		0	he brought Jesus out	Here "he" refers to Pilate and is a synecdoche for "Pilate ordered the soldiers." Alternate translation: "he ordered the soldiers to bring Jesus out" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	13	fk5k			0	sat down	Important people like Pilate sat down when they performed an official duty, while people who were not so important stood up.
JHN	19	13	qhu4			0	in the judgment seat	This is the special chair that an important person like Pilate sat in when he was making an official judgment. If your language has a special way to describe this action, you can use it here.
JHN	19	13	g8h4	figs-activepassive		0	in a place called "The Pavement," but	This is a special stone platform where only the important people were allowed to go. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in a place the people called The Pavement, but" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	13	ev3i			0	Hebrew	This refers to the language that the people of Israel spoke.
JHN	19	14	cus1	Connecting Statement:		0		Some time has passed and it is now the sixth hour, as Pilate orders his soldiers to crucify Jesus.
JHN	19	14	t5qt	writing-background		0	Now	This word marks a break in the story line so that John can provide information about the upcoming Passover and the time of day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	19	14	en2i			0	the sixth hour	"about noontime"
JHN	19	14	lc5y	figs-synecdoche		0	Pilate said to the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche that refers to the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "Pilate said to the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	15	tlj2	figs-synecdoche		0	Should I crucify your King?	Here "I" is a synecdoche that refers to Pilate's soldiers who will actually perform the crucifixion. Alternate translation: "Do you really want me to tell my soldiers to nail your king to a cross?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	16	t3yb	figs-explicit		0	Then Pilate gave Jesus over to them to be crucified	Here Pilate gives the order for his soldiers to crucify Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "So Pilate ordered his soldiers to crucify Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	17	qv6j	figs-activepassive		0	to the place called "The Place of a Skull,"	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to the place that the people called 'The Place of a Skull,'" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	17	d88m			0	which in Hebrew is called "Golgotha."	Hebrew is the language of the people of Israel. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "which in Hebrew they call 'Golgotha.'"
JHN	19	18	fb84	figs-ellipsis		0	with him two other men	This is an ellipsis. You can translate this, adding the implied words. Alternate translation: "they also nailed two other criminals to their crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
JHN	19	19	cx5s	figs-synecdoche		0	Pilate also wrote a sign and put it on the cross	Here "Pilate" is a synecdoche for the person who wrote on the sign. Here "on the cross" refers to Jesus' cross. Alternate translation: "Pilate also commanded someone to write on a sign and to attach it to Jesus' cross" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	19	gk8e	figs-activepassive		0	There it was written: JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "So that person wrote the words: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	20	ke3t	figs-activepassive		0	the place where Jesus was crucified	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the place where the soldiers crucified Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	20	mgb7	figs-activepassive		0	The sign was written in Hebrew, in Latin, and in Greek	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "The one who prepared the sign wrote the words in 3 languages: Hebrew, Latin, and Greek" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	20	w41e			0	Latin	This was the language of the Roman government.
JHN	19	21	qk7w	figs-explicit		0	Then the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate	The chief priests had to go back to Pilate's headquarters to protest to him about the words on the sign. Alternate translation: "The chief priests went back to Pilate and said" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	22	sus9	figs-explicit		0	What I have written I have written	Pilate implies that he will not change the words on the sign. Alternate translation: "I have written what I wanted to write, and I will not change it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	23	lis8	writing-background		0	General Information:	At the end of verse 24 there is a break from the main story line as the John tells us how this event fulfills Scriture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	19	23	s74c	figs-explicit		0	also the tunic	"and they also took his tunic." The soldiers kept the tunic separate and did not divide it. Alternate translation: "they kept his tunic separate" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	24	ks7m	figs-explicit		0	let us cast lots for it to decide whose it will be	The soldiers will gamble and the winner will receive the shirt. Alternate translation: "let us gamble for the tunic and the winner will get to keep it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	24	j1f9			0	so that the scripture would be fulfilled which said	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "This fulfilled the scripture that said" or "This happened to make the scripture come true which said"
JHN	19	24	lqy3			0	cast lots	This was how the soldiers divided Jesus' clothing among themselves. Alternate translation: "they gambled"
JHN	19	26	gkf1			0	the disciple whom he loved	This is John, the writer of this Gospel.
JHN	19	26	t7tc	figs-metaphor		0	Woman, see, your son	Here the word "son" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his disciple, John, to be like a son to his mother. Alternate translation: "Woman, here is the man who will act like a son to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	19	27	qc7d	figs-metaphor		0	See, your mother	Here the word "mother" is a metaphor. Jesus wants his mother to be like a mother to his disciple, John. Alternate translation: "Think of this woman as if she were your own mother" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	19	27	q615			0	From that hour	"From that very moment"
JHN	19	28	crd3	figs-activepassive		0	knowing that everything was now completed	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "he knew that he had done everything that God had sent him to do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	29	x1cy	figs-activepassive		0	A container full of sour wine was placed there	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Someone had placed there a full container of sour wine" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	29	g9vg			0	sour wine	"bitter wine"
JHN	19	29	drr1			0	they put	Here "they" refers to the Roman guards.
JHN	19	29	y2eg			0	a sponge	a small object that can soak up and hold much liquid
JHN	19	29	mg3t			0	on a hyssop staff	"on a branch of a plant called hyssop"
JHN	19	30	vz56	figs-explicit		0	He bowed his head and gave up his spirit	John implies here that Jesus gave his spirit back to God. Alternate translation: "He bowed his head and gave God his spirit" or "He bowed his head and died" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	31	zuk9	figs-synecdoche		0	the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	31	c49h			0	day of preparation	This is the time before the Passover when people prepared food for the Passover.
JHN	19	31	f96h	figs-activepassive		0	to break their legs and to remove them	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to break the legs of the executed men and take their bodies down from the crosses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	32	q2yq	figs-activepassive		0	who had been crucified with Jesus	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "whom they had crucified near Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	35	p17b	writing-background		0	The one who saw this	This sentence gives background information to the story. John is telling readers that he was there and that we can trust what he has written. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	19	35	fl82	figs-explicit		0	has testified, and his testimony is true	To "testify" means to tell about something that one has seen. Alternate translation: "has told the truth about what he has seen" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	35	c9q7	figs-explicit		0	so that you would also believe	Here "believe" means to put one's trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "so that you will also put your trust in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	36	wid6	writing-background		0	General Information:	In these verses there is a break from the main story line as John tells us about how these events have made Scripture come true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	19	36	qwl5	figs-activepassive		0	in order to fulfill scripture	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "to fulfill the words that someone wrote in the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	36	b1kx	figs-activepassive		0	Not one of his bones will be broken	This is a quotation from Psalm 34. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "No one will break any of his bones" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	37	h4kq			0	They will look at him whom they pierced	This is a quotation from Zechariah 12.
JHN	19	38	d3hz	translate-names		0	Joseph of Arimathea	Arimathea was a small town. Alternate translation: "Joseph from the town of Arimathea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	19	38	h7ra	figs-synecdoche		0	for fear of the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who opposed Jesus. Alternate translation: "for fear of the Jewish leaders" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
JHN	19	38	t22g	figs-explicit		0	if he could take away the body of Jesus	John implies that Joseph of Arimathea wants to bury the body of Jesus. Alternate translation: "for permission to take the body of Jesus down from the cross for burial" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	19	39	mjy8			0	Nicodemus	Nicodemus was one of the Pharisees who believed in Jesus. See how you translated this name in [John 3:1](../03/01.md).
JHN	19	39	d3d2			0	myrrh and aloes	These are spices that people use to prepare a body for burial.
JHN	19	39	xks9	translate-bweight		0	about one hundred litras in weight	You may convert this to a modern measure. A "litra" is about one third of a kilogram. Alternate translation: "about 33 kilograms in weight" or "weighing about thirty-three kilograms" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
JHN	19	39	nmr8	translate-numbers		0	one hundred	"100" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN	19	41	fb25	writing-background		0	Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden ... had yet been buried	Here John marks a break in the story line in order to provide background information about the location of the tomb where they would bury Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	19	41	uib1	figs-activepassive		0	Now in the place where he was crucified there was a garden	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "Now in the place where they crucified Jesus there was a garden" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	41	qd1a	figs-activepassive		0	in which no person had yet been buried	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "in which people had buried no one" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	19	42	nr4r	figs-explicit		0	Because it was the day of preparation for the Jews	According to Jewish law, no one could work after sundown on Friday. It was the beginning of the Sabbath and Passover. Alternate translation: "The Passover was about to begin that evening" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	intro	nm1y	John 20 General Notes		0		# John 20 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The tomb<br><br>The tomb in which Jesus was buried ([John 20:1](../../jhn/20/01.md)) was the kind of tomb in which wealthy Jewish families buried their dead. It was an actual room cut into a rock. It had a flat place on one side where they could place the body after they had put oil and spices on it and wrapped it in cloth. Then they would roll a large rock in front of the tomb so no one could see inside or enter.<br><br>##### "Receive the Holy Spirit"<br><br>If your language uses the same word for "breath" and "spirit," be sure that the reader understands that Jesus was performing a symbolic action by breathing, and that what the disciples received was the Holy Spirit, not Jesus' breath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Rabboni<br><br>John used Greek letters to describe the sound of the word, and then he explained that it means "Teacher." You should do the same, using the letters of your language.<br><br>##### Jesus' resurrection body<br><br>No one is sure what Jesus' body looked like after he became alive again. His disciples knew it was Jesus because they could see his face and touch the places where the soldiers had put the nails through his hands and feet, But he could also walk through solid walls and doors. It is best not to try to say more than what the ULT says.<br><br>##### Two angels in white<br><br>Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all wrote about angels in white clothing with the women at Jesus' tomb. Two of the authors called them men, but that is only because the angels were in human form. Two of the authors wrote about two angels, but the other two authors wrote about only one of them. It is best to translate each of these passages as it appears in the ULT without trying to make the passages all say exactly the same thing. (See: [Matthew 28:1-2](../../mat/28/01.md) and [Mark 16:5](../../mrk/16/05.md) and [Luke 24:4](../../luk/24/04.md) and [John 20:12](../../jhn/20/12.md))<br>
JHN	20	01	k5pq			0	General Information:	This is the third day after Jesus was buried.
JHN	20	01	a8vl			0	first day of the week	"Sunday"
JHN	20	01	bdw5	figs-activepassive		0	she saw the stone rolled away	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "she saw that someone had rolled away the stone" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	02	g2rn			0	disciple whom Jesus loved	This phrase appears to be the way that John refers to himself throughout his book. Here the word "love" refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN	20	02	xd3w	figs-explicit		0	They took away the Lord out from the tomb	Mary Magdalene thinks that someone has stolen the Lord's body. Alternate translation: "Someone has taken the Lord's body out of the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	03	d6g3			0	the other disciple	John apparently shows his humility by referring to himself here as "the other disciple," rather than including his name.
JHN	20	03	p6ex	figs-explicit		0	went out	John implies that these disciples were going to the tomb. Alternate translation: "rushed out to the tomb" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	05	m9qn			0	linen cloths	These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus.
JHN	20	06	ys3b			0	linen cloths	These were the burial cloths that people had used to wrap the body of Jesus. See how you translated this in [John 20:5](../20/05.md).
JHN	20	07	qt5a	figs-activepassive		0	cloth that had been on his head	Here "his head" refers to "Jesus' head." You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "cloth that someone had used to cover Jesus' face" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	07	yc78	figs-activepassive		0	but was folded up in a place by itself	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but someone had folded it and put it aside, separate from the linen cloths" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	08	vl84			0	the other disciple	John apparently expresses his humility by referring to himself as "the other disciple," rather than including his name in this book.
JHN	20	08	ww3z	figs-explicit		0	he saw and believed	When he saw that the tomb was empty, he believed that Jesus had risen from the dead. Alternate translation: "he saw these things and began to believe that Jesus had risen from the dead" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	09	ms3s	figs-explicit		0	they still did not know the scripture	Here the word "they" refers to the disciples who did not understand the scripture that said Jesus would rise again. Alternate translation: "the disciples still did not understand the scripture" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	09	u5q9			0	rise	become alive again
JHN	20	09	p651			0	from the dead	From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld.
JHN	20	10	p5um	figs-explicit		0	went back home again	The disciples continued to stay in Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "went back to where they were staying in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	12	p9aw	figs-explicit		0	She saw two angels in white	The angels were wearing white clothing. Alternate translation: "She saw two angels dressed in white clothing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	13	v5uj			0	They said to her	"They asked her"
JHN	20	13	hmx8			0	Because they took away my Lord	"Because they took away the body of my Lord"
JHN	20	13	aq3x			0	I do not know where they have put him	"I do not know where they have put it"
JHN	20	15	le9x			0	Jesus said to her	"Jesus asked her"
JHN	20	15	ml7c	figs-explicit		0	Sir, if you have taken him away	Here the word "him" refers to Jesus. Alternate translation: "If you have taken away the body of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	15	z97i			0	tell me where you have put him	"tell me where you have put it"
JHN	20	15	a5z2	figs-explicit		0	I will take him away	Mary Magdalene wants to get Jesus' body and bury it again. Alternate translation: "I will get the body and bury it again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	16	k468			0	Rabboni	The word "Rabboni" means rabbi or teacher in Aramaic, the language that Jesus and his disciples spoke.
JHN	20	17	whh9			0	brothers	Jesus used the word "brothers" to refer to his disciples.
JHN	20	17	xbr1	figs-explicit		0	I will go up to my Father and your Father, and my God and your God	Jesus rose from the dead and then predicted he would go up into heaven, back to his Father, who is God. Alternate translation: "I am about to return to heaven to be with my Father and your Father, to the one who is my God and your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	17	q3x5	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	my Father and your Father	These are important titles that describe the relationship between Jesus and God, and between believers and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	20	18	m6xn	figs-explicit		0	Mary Magdalene came and told the disciples	Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were staying and told them what she had seen and heard. Alternate translation: "Mary Magdalene went to where the disciples were and told them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	19	m5nt			0	General Information:	It is now evening and Jesus appears to the disciples.
JHN	20	19	qj6n			0	that day, the first day of the week	This refers to Sunday.
JHN	20	19	e7cb	figs-activepassive		0	the doors of where the disciples were, were closed	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the disciples had locked the doors where they were" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	19	g8bu	figs-explicit		0	for fear of the Jews	Here "Jews" is a synecdoche for the Jewish leaders who might arrest the disciples. Alternate translation: "because they were afraid that the Jewish leaders might arrest them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	19	zj7j			0	Peace to you	This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" .
JHN	20	20	bk9f	figs-explicit		0	he showed them his hands and his side	Jesus showed the disciples his wounds. Alternate translation: "he showed them the wounds in his hands and his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	21	ylp8			0	Peace to you	This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" .
JHN	20	21	env3	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Father	This is an important title for God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	20	23	a9j7	figs-activepassive		0	they are forgiven	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	23	lb7g			0	whoever's sins you keep back	"If you do not forgive another's sins"
JHN	20	23	mw5s	figs-activepassive		0	they are kept back	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "God will not forgive them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	24	x8jz	translate-names		0	Didymus	This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	20	25	n8vc			0	disciples later said to him	The word "him" refers to Thomas.
JHN	20	25	i7ex	figs-doublenegatives		0	Unless I see ... his side, I will not believe	You can translate this double negative in a positive form. Alternate translation: "I will believe only if I see ... his side" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	20	25	ss17			0	in his hands ... into his side	The word "his" refers to Jesus.
JHN	20	26	vzm5			0	his disciples	The word "his" refers to Jesus.
JHN	20	26	r3iz	figs-activepassive		0	while the doors were closed	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "when they had locked the doors" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	26	m5tl			0	Peace to you	This is a common greeting that means "May God give you peace" .
JHN	20	27	ncc3	figs-doublenegatives		0	Do not be unbelieving, but believe	Jesus uses the double negative "Do not be unbelieving" to emphasize the words that follow, "but believe." If your language does not allow double negatives or the reader would not understand that Jesus is emphasizing the words that follow, you can leave these words untranslated. Alternate translation: "This is what is most important for you to do: you must believe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
JHN	20	27	n4pi	figs-explicit		0	believe	Here "believe" means to trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "put your trust in me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	29	q81m	figs-explicit		0	you have believed	Thomas believes that Jesus is alive because he has seen him. Alternate translation: "you have believed that I am alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	29	zgv1			0	Blessed are those	This means "God gives great happiness to those."
JHN	20	29	q9fb	figs-explicit		0	who have not seen	This means those who have not seen Jesus. Alternate translation: "who have not seen me alive" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	20	30	yd1j	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	As the story is nearing the end, the author comments about the many things Jesus did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
JHN	20	30	yrl9			0	signs	The word "signs" refers to miracles that show that God is the all-powerful one who has complete authority over the universe.
JHN	20	30	xz6j	figs-activepassive		0	signs that have not been written in this book	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "signs that the author did not write about in this book" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	31	am9l	figs-activepassive		0	but these have been written	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "but the author wrote about these signs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	20	31	p5k4	guidelines-sonofgodprinciples		0	Son of God	This is an important title for Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
JHN	20	31	uem2	figs-metonymy		0	life in his name	Here "life" is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. Alternate translation: "you may have life because of Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
JHN	20	31	ip1i			0	life	This refers to spiritual life.
JHN	21	intro	e1bg	John 21 General Notes		0		# John 21 General Notes<br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### The metaphor of sheep<br><br>Before Jesus died, he spoke of himself taking care of his people as if he were a good shepherd taking care of sheep ([John 10:11](../../jhn/10/11.md)). After he became alive again, he told Peter that Peter would be the one who took care of Jesus' sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
JHN	21	01	et5h	writing-background		0	General Information:	Jesus shows himself again to the disciples at the Sea of Tiberias. Verses 2 and 3 tell us what happens in the story before Jesus appears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	21	01	yj6k			0	After these things	"Some time later"
JHN	21	02	b421	figs-activepassive		0	with Thomas called Didymus	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "with Thomas whom we called Didymus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	21	02	m4gx	translate-names		0	Didymus	This is a male name that means "twin." See how this name is translated in [John 11:15](../11/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
JHN	21	05	wgd7			0	Young men	This is a term of endearment that means "My dear friends."
JHN	21	06	l2jd	figs-explicit		0	you will find some	Here "some" refers to fish. Alternate translation: "you will catch some fish in your net" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	06	p8he			0	draw it in	"pull the net in"
JHN	21	07	u5c3			0	loved	This is love that comes from God and is focused on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	21	07	h3p4			0	he tied up his outer garment	"he secured his outer garment around him" or "he put on his tunic"
JHN	21	07	eve2	writing-background		0	for he was undressed	This is background information. Peter had taken off some of his clothes to make it easier to work, but now that he was about to greet the Lord, he wanted to wear more clothing. Alternate translation: "for he had taken off some of his clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	21	07	ab4d	figs-explicit		0	threw himself into the sea	Peter jumped into the water and swam to shore. Alternate translation: "jumped into the sea and swam to shore" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	07	k449	figs-idiom		0	threw himself	This is a idiom that means Peter jumped into the water very quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
JHN	21	08	wrd3	writing-background		0	for they were not far from the land, about two hundred cubits off	This is background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	21	08	c1j8	translate-bdistance		0	two hundred cubits	"90 meters." A cubit was a little less than half a meter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
JHN	21	11	f7mi	figs-explicit		0	Simon Peter then went up	Here "went up" means Simon Peter had to go back to the boat. Alternate translation: "So Simon Peter went back to the boat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	11	fbz7			0	drew the net to land	"pulled the net to the shore"
JHN	21	11	azy5	figs-activepassive		0	the net was not torn	You can translate this as an active form. Alternate translation: "the net did not break" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	21	11	m8i7	translate-numbers		0	full of large fish; 153	"full of large fish, one hundred and fifty-three." There were 153 large fish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
JHN	21	12	za5g			0	breakfast	the morning meal
JHN	21	14	tp3i	translate-ordinal		0	the third time	You can translate this ordinal term "third" as "time number 3." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JHN	21	15	m1bh			0	General Information:	Jesus begins to have a conversation with Simon Peter.
JHN	21	15	t1uj			0	do you love me	Here "love" refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
JHN	21	15	l4h1			0	you know that I love you	When Peter answers, he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN	21	15	qja3	figs-metaphor		0	Feed my lambs	Here "lambs" is a metaphor for those persons who love Jesus and follow him. Alternate translation: "Feed the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	21	16	szk8			0	do you love me	Here "love" refers the type of love that comes from God, which focuses on the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself.
JHN	21	16	vk16	figs-metaphor		0	Take care of my sheep	Here "sheep" is a metaphor for those who love and follow Jesus. Alternate translation: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	21	17	fj84	translate-ordinal		0	He said to him a third time	The pronoun "he" refers to Jesus. Here "a third time" means "time number 3." Alternate translation: "Jesus said to him a third time" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
JHN	21	17	kz3h			0	do you love me	This time when Jesus asks this question he uses the word for "love" that refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member.
JHN	21	17	p8aa	figs-metaphor		0	Feed my sheep	Here "sheep" is a metaphor that represents those who belong to Jesus and follow him. Alternate translation: "Care for the people I care for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
JHN	21	18	sqb7			0	Truly, truly	See how you translated this in [John 1:51](../01/51.md).
JHN	21	19	ys3m	writing-background		0	Now	John uses this word to show he is giving background information before he continues the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
JHN	21	19	hf2r	figs-explicit		0	to indicate with what kind of death Peter would glorify God	Here John implies that Peter would die on a cross. Alternate translation: "to indicate that Peter would die on a cross to honor God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	19	k8z1	figs-explicit		0	Follow me	Here the word "follow" means "to be a disciple." Alternate translation: "Keep on being my disciple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	20	wzm9			0	the disciple whom Jesus loved	John refers to himself in this way throughout the book, rather than mentioning his name.
JHN	21	20	ikd4			0	loved	This is the kind of love that comes from God and always desires the good of others, even when it does not benefit oneself. This kind of love cares for others, no matter what they do.
JHN	21	20	ys31			0	at the dinner	This is a reference to the Last Supper ([John 13](../13/01.md)).
JHN	21	21	u5rr			0	Peter saw him	Here "him" refers to "the disciple whom Jesus loved."
JHN	21	21	cf5h	figs-explicit		0	Lord, what will this man do?	Peter wants to know what will happen to John. Alternate translation: "Lord, what will happen to this man?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	22	yc52			0	Jesus said to him	"Jesus said to Peter"
JHN	21	22	e3xi			0	If I want him to stay	Here "him" refers to the "disciple whom Jesus loved" in [John 21:20](../21/20.md).
JHN	21	22	tef8			0	I come	This refers to Jesus' second coming, his return to earth from heaven.
JHN	21	22	tf23	figs-rquestion		0	what is that to you?	This remark appears in the form of a question to express a mild rebuke. Alternate translation: "that is not your concern." or "you should not be concerned about that." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
JHN	21	23	c2cr			0	among the brothers	Here "the brothers" refers to all the followers of Jesus.
JHN	21	24	s5bp	writing-endofstory		0	General Information:	This is the end of the Gospel of John. Here the author, the Apostle John, gives a closing comment about himself and what he has written in this book. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]])
JHN	21	24	d6t5			0	the disciple	"the disciple John"
JHN	21	24	f7ww	figs-explicit		0	who testifies about these things	Here "testifies" means that he personally sees something. Alternate translation: "who has seen all these things" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	24	h5i9	figs-explicit		0	we know	Here "we" refers to those who trust in Jesus. Alternate translation: "we who trust in Jesus know" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
JHN	21	25	l3hz	figs-activepassive		0	If each one were written down	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "If someone wrote down all of them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
JHN	21	25	i9n8	figs-hyperbole		0	even the world itself could not contain the books	John exaggerates to emphasize that Jesus did many more miracles than what people could write about in many books. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
JHN	21	25	xn87	figs-activepassive		0	the books that would be written	You can translate this in an active form. Alternate translation: "the books that people could write about what he did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])