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### Description
### ဖော်ပြချက်
When we talk or write, we use pronouns to refer to people or things without always having to repeat the noun or name. Usually, the first time we refer to someone in a story, we use a descriptive phrase or a name. The next time we might refer to that person with a simple noun or by name. After that we might refer to him simply with a pronoun as long as we think that our listeners will be able to understand easily to whom the pronoun refers.
          ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် စကားပြောသော
သို့မဟုတ် စာရေးသောအခါ၊ ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် နာမ်စားများကို နာမ် သို့မဟုတ် နာမည် များကို
အမြဲတမ်း ထပ်ပြောနေစရာ မလိုပဲ လူများ သို့မဟုတ် ပစ္စည်းများကို ရည်ညွှန်းရန် အသုံးပြုသည်။
များသောအားဖြင့် ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် ပုံပြင်ထဲတွင် တစ်စုံတစ်ယောက်အား ပထမအကြိမ် ရည်ညွှန်းသောအခါ၊
ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် သရုပ်ဖော်ပုဒ်စု သို့မဟုတ် နာမည်အား အသုံးပြုကြသည်။ နောက်တစ်ခါတွင်
ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် ထိုသူအား ရိုးရှင်းသောနာမ် သို့မဟုတ် နာမည်ဖြင့် ရည်ညွှန်းနိုင်သည်။
ထို့နောက်တွင် ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် ကျွန်ုပ်တို့၏ စာဖတ်သူများက နာမ်စားသည် မည်သူ့ ကိုရည်ညွှန်းသည်ကို
လွယ်ကူစွာနားလည်နိုင်မဲ့အချိန် ထိ ကျွန်ုပ်တို့သည် သူ့အား နာမ်စားဖြင့်သာ ရိုးရှင်းစွာ
ရည်ညွှန်းနိုင်သည်။
> Now there was **a man from the** **Pharisees whose name was Nicodemus, a Jewish leader**. **This man** came to Jesus at night. Jesus replied and said to **him** … (John 3:1, 2a, 3a ULT)
> **ယုဒလူတို့တွင် အရာရှိဖြစ်သော
နိကောဒင်အမည်ရှိသော ဖာရိရှဲတယောက်ရှိသည်။** **ထိုသူသည်** ယေရှုထံလာ၍…  ယေရှုက **သူ့**အား ပြန်ပြောခဲ့သည်။
(ယောဟန် ၃:၁-၃ ULT)
In John 3, Nicodemus is first referred to with noun phrases and his name. Then he is referred to with the noun phrase “this man.” Then he is referred to with the pronoun “him.”
@ -14,9 +24,9 @@ Each language has its rules and exceptions to this usual way of referring to peo
#### Reasons This Is a Translation Issue
* If translators use a pronoun at the wrong time for their language, readers might not know about whom the writer is talking.
* If translators too frequently refer to a main character by name, listeners of some languages might not realize that the person is a main character, or they might think that there is a new character with the same name.
* If translators use pronouns, nouns, or names at the wrong time, people might think that there is some special emphasis on the person or thing to which it refers.
* If translators use a pronoun at the wrong time for their language, readers might not know about whom the writer is talking.
* If translators too frequently refer to a main character by name, listeners of some languages might not realize that the person is a main character, or they might think that there is a new character with the same name.
* If translators use pronouns, nouns, or names at the wrong time, people might think that there is some special emphasis on the person or thing to which it refers.
### Examples From the Bible
@ -34,7 +44,8 @@ Jesus is the main character of the book of Matthew, but in the verses below he i
### Translation Strategies
(1) If it would not be clear to your readers to whom or to what a pronoun refers, use a name or a noun.<br>
(1) If it would not be clear to your readers to whom or to what a pronoun refers, use a name or a noun.
(2) If repeating a noun or name would lead people to think that a main character is not a main character, or that the writer is talking about more than one person with that name, or that there is some kind of emphasis on someone when there is no emphasis, use a pronoun instead.
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied