justplainjane47-tc-create-1 (#426)
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/master' into justplainjane47-tc-create-1 Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Edit 'translate/figs-hyperbole/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Created 'translate/figs-metaphor/01.md' using 'tc-create-app' Co-authored-by: Richard Mahn <richard_mahn@wycliffeassociates.org> Co-authored-by: justplainjane47 <justplainjane47@noreply.door43.org> Reviewed-on: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ta/pulls/426
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A speaker or writer can use exactly the same words to say something that he means as completely true, or as generally true, or as a hyperbole. This is why it can be hard to decide how to understand a statement. For example, the sentence below could mean three different things.
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* It rains here every night.
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It rains here every night.
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1. The speaker means this as literally true if he means that it really does rain here every night.
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2. The speaker means this as a **generalization** if he means that it rains here most nights.
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3. The speaker means this as a **hyperbole** if he wants to say that it rains more than it actually does, usually in order to express a strong attitude toward the amount or frequency of rain, such as being annoyed or being happy about it.
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1. The speaker means this as literally true if he means that it really does rain here every night.
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2. The speaker means this as a **generalization** if he means that it rains here most nights.
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3. The speaker means this as a **hyperbole** if he wants to say that it rains more than it actually does, usually in order to express a strong attitude toward the amount or frequency of rain, such as being annoyed or being happy about it.
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**Hyperbole**: In hyperbole, a figure of speech that uses exaggeration, a speaker deliberately describes something with an extreme or even unreal statement, usually to show his strong feeling or opinion about it. He expects people to understand that he is exaggerating.
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#### Hyperbole
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In hyperbole, a figure of speech that uses exaggeration, a speaker deliberately describes something with an extreme or even unreal statement, usually to show his strong feeling or opinion about it. He expects people to understand that he is exaggerating.
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> They will not leave **stone upon stone in you.** (Luke 19:44b ULT)
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This hyperbole means that he had learned everything an Egyptian education could offer.
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**Generalization:** This is a statement that is true most of the time or in most situations that it could apply to.
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#### Generalization
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This is a statement that is true most of the time or in most situations that it could apply to.
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> The one who ignores instruction **will have poverty and shame,**
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> but **honor will come** to him who learns from correction. (Proverbs 13:18)
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This generalization tells about what Gentiles were known for doing. Many Gentiles did this. It does not matter if a few did not. The point was that the hearers should not join in this well-known practice.
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Even though a hyperbole or a generalization may have a strong-sounding word like “all,” “always,” “none,” or “never,” it does not necessarliy mean **exactly** “all,” “always,” “none,” or “never.” It simply means “most,” “most of the time,” “hardly any,” or “rarely.”
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Even though a hyperbole or a generalization may have a strong-sounding word like “all,” “always,” “none,” or “never,” it does not necessarily mean **exactly** “all,” “always,” “none,” or “never.” It simply means “most,” “most of the time,” “hardly any,” or “rarely.”
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#### Reason This Is a Translation Issue
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1. Readers need to be able to understand whether or not a statement is literally true.
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1. If readers realize that a statement is not literally true, they need to be able to understand whether it is a hyperbole, a generalization, or a lie. (Though the Bible is completely true, it tells about people who did not always tell the truth.)
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1. Readers need to be able to understand whether or not a statement is literally true.
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2. If readers realize that a statement is not literally true, they need to be able to understand whether it is a hyperbole, a generalization, or a lie. (Though the Bible is completely true, it tells about people who did not always tell the truth.)
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### Examples From the Bible
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#### Caution
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Do not assume that something is an exaggeration just because it seems to be impossible. God does miraculous things.
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* Do not assume that something is an exaggeration just because it seems to be impossible. God does miraculous things.
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> They saw Jesus **walking on the sea** and coming near the boat. (John 6:19b ULT)
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This is not hyperbole. Jesus really walked on the water. It is a literal statement.
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Do not assume that the word “all” is always a generalization that means “most.”
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* Do not assume that the word “all” is always a generalization that means “most.”
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> Yahweh is righteous in **all** his ways
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> and gracious in **all** he does. (Psalms 145:17 ULT)
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(3) For a hyperbole or a generalization, add a word like “many” or “almost” to show that the hyperbole or generalization is not meant to be exact.
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(4) For a hyperbole or a generalization that has a word like “all,” always,” “none,” or “never,” consider deleting that word.
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### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
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(1) Express the meaning without the exaggeration.
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(2) For a generalization, show that it is a generalization by using a phrase like “in general” or “in most cases.”
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> **The one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame.** (Proverbs 13:18a ULT)
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>> **In general,** the one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame
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> And when you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words. (Matthew 6:7)
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>> “And when you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles **generally** do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words.”
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>
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> > **In general,** the one who ignores instruction will have poverty and shame
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>
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> When you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the **Gentiles do,** for they think that they will be heard because of their many words. (Matthew 6:7 ULT)
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>
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> > And when you pray, do not make useless repetitions as the Gentiles **generally** do, for they think that they will be heard because of their many words.
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(3) For a hyperbole or a generalization, add a word like “many” or “almost” to show that the hyperbole or generalization is not meant to be exact.
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> The **whole** country of Judea and **all** the people of Jerusalem went out to him. (Mark 1:5a ULT)
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>> **Almost all** the country of Judea and **almost all** the people of Jerusalem went out to him.”
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>> or:
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>> **Many** of the country of Judea and **many** of the people of Jerusalem went out to him.”
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>
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> > **Almost all** the country of Judea and **almost all** the people of Jerusalem went out to him.”
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> > or:
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> > **Many** of the country of Judea and **many** of the people of Jerusalem went out to him.”
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(4) For a hyperbole or a generalization that has a word like “all,” always,” “none,” or “never,” consider deleting that word.
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> The **whole** country of Judea and **all** the people of Jerusalem went out to him. (Mark 1:5a ULT)
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>> The country of Judea and the people of Jerusalem went out to him.
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>
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> > The country of Judea and the people of Jerusalem went out to him.
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