Bussard_fr_tn/en_tn_60-JAS.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	JAS	01	01	ssc8			0	General Information:	The apostle James writes this letter to all the Christians. Many of them were Jews, and they lived in many different places.
3	JAS	01	02	knw6			0	Consider it all joy, my brothers, when you experience various troubles	My fellow believers, think of all your different kinds of troubles as something to celebrate
4	JAS	01	04	unh4			0	fully developed	able to trust in Christ and obey him in all circumstances
5	JAS	01	05	du7z			0	ask for it from God, the one who gives	ask God for it. He is the one who gives
6	JAS	01	05	q2df			0	gives generously and without rebuke to all	gives generously and does not rebuke any
7	JAS	01	06	p12l	figs-simile		0	For anyone who doubts is like a wave in the sea that is driven by the wind and tossed around	Anyone who doubts that God will help him is said to be like the water in the ocean or in a large lake, which keeps moving in different directions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
8	JAS	01	08	k89p	figs-metaphor		0	unstable in all his ways	Here this person is spoken of as if he cannot stay on one path but instead goes from one to another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
9	JAS	01	09	gc9b			0	the poor brother	the believer who does not have much money
10	JAS	01	09	yxs5	figs-metaphor		0	boast of his high position	Someone whom God has honored is spoken of as if he were standing in a high place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11	JAS	01	10	nug7	figs-simile		0	he will pass away as a wild flower in the grass	Rich people are spoken of as being similar to wild flowers, which are alive for only a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
12	JAS	01	11	ng26	figs-simile		0	the rich man will fade away in the middle of his journey	Here the flower simile is probably continued. As flowers do not die suddenly but instead fade away over a short time, so also the rich people may not die suddenly but instead take a little time to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
13	JAS	01	11	sdi2	figs-metaphor		0	in the middle of his journey	A rich man's activities in daily life are spoken of as if they are a journey that he is making. This metaphor implies that he is giving no thought to his coming death, and that it will takes him by surprise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
14	JAS	01	12	vcu4	Connecting Statement:		0		James reminds the believers who have fled that God does not cause temptation; he tells them how to avoid temptation.
15	JAS	01	12	vr4a			0	endures testing	remains faithful to God during hardships
16	JAS	01	12	vta6			0	passed the test	he has been approved by God
17	JAS	01	13	a77a			0	when he is tempted	when he desires to do something evil
18	JAS	01	13	zb13			0	nor does he himself tempt anyone	and God himself does not try to persuade anyone do evil
19	JAS	01	14	nj9m	figs-personification		0	each person is tempted by his own desire	A person's desire is spoken of as if it were someone else who was tempting him to sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
20	JAS	01	14	nle5	figs-personification		0	which drags him away and entices him	Evil desire continues to be spoken of as if it were a person who could drag away someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
21	JAS	01	14	z4bd			0	entices	attracts, persuades someone to do evil
22	JAS	01	15	s4cd	figs-personification		0	Then after the desire conceives, it gives birth to sin, and after the sin is full grown, it gives birth to death	Desire continues to be spoken of as a person, this time clearly as a woman who becomes pregnant with a child. The child is identified as sin. Sin is another female baby that grows up, becomes pregnant, and gives birth to death. This chain of metaphors is a picture of someone who ends up dying both spiritually and physically because of his evil desires and his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
23	JAS	01	17	t2nn	figs-doublet		0	Every good gift and every perfect gift	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. James uses them to emphasize that anything good that a person has comes from God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
24	JAS	01	18	mj29	figs-metaphor		0	give us birth	God, who brought us eternal life, is spoken of as if he had given us birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25	JAS	01	19	ev3v			0	slow to anger	not get angry quickly
26	JAS	01	20	ej4p			0	the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God	When a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous.
27	JAS	01	22	x14m			0	Be doers of the word	Be people who follow God's instructions
28	JAS	01	22	wvp4			0	deceiving yourselves	fooling yourselves
29	JAS	01	23	ewn9			0	For if anyone is a hearer of the word	For if anyone listens to the God's message in the scriptures
30	JAS	01	23	pw5x	figs-simile		0	he is like a man who examines his natural face in a mirror	A person who hears God's word is like someone who looks in the mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
31	JAS	01	25	kvr7	figs-simile		0	the person who looks carefully into the perfect law	This expression continues the image of the law as a mirror. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
32	JAS	01	26	j1bg			0	thinks himself to be religious	thinks he worships God correctly
33	JAS	01	26	bj2t			0	deceives	gets someone to believe something that is not true
34	JAS	01	26	q83d			0	his religion is worthless	he worships God uselessly
35	JAS	01	27	skf4	figs-metaphor		0	before our God and Father	directed to God (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
36	JAS	01	27	iiv2			0	the fatherless	the orphans
37	JAS	01	27	r8nj			0	in their affliction	The fatherless and widows are suffering because their fathers or husbands have died.
38	JAS	02	01	ici9	Connecting Statement:		0		James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one another and reminds them not to favor rich people over poor brothers.
39	JAS	02	01	qs2x	figs-metaphor		0	hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ	Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could hold onto. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
40	JAS	02	01	en1c			0	favoritism toward certain people	the desire to help some people more than others
41	JAS	02	02	h5uh	figs-hypo		0	Suppose that someone	James starts to describe a situation where the believers might give more honor to a rich person than to a poor person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
42	JAS	02	02	j8d5			0	wearing gold rings and fine clothes	dressed like a wealthy person
43	JAS	02	03	zx9f			0	sit here in a good place	sit in this place of honor
44	JAS	02	03	ce14			0	stand over there	move to a place with less honor
45	JAS	02	03	h2fy			0	Sit at my feet	move to a humble place
46	JAS	02	05	qii5	figs-metaphor		0	heirs	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47	JAS	02	06	yv6y	figs-you		0	But you have	James is speaking to his whole audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
48	JAS	02	06	vr53			0	have dishonored the poor	you have shamed poor people
49	JAS	02	06	z73x			0	who oppress you	who treat you badly
50	JAS	02	08	ymf5			0	You shall love your neighbor as yourself	James is quoting from the book of Leviticus.
51	JAS	02	10	l29g			0	For whoever obeys	For anyone who obeys
52	JAS	02	10	jb5u	figs-metaphor		0	except that he stumbles ... the whole law	Stumbling is falling down while one is trying to walk. Disobeying one point of the law is spoken of as if it were stumbling while walking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
53	JAS	02	10	m8ep			0	in just a single way	because of disobedience to just one requirement of the law
54	JAS	02	11	ez11			0	For the one who said	This refers to God, who gave the law to Moses.
55	JAS	02	12	ik76			0	by means of the law	This passage implies that it is God who will judge according to his law.
56	JAS	02	12	e87r			0	the law of freedom	the law that gives true freedom
57	JAS	02	14	h384	Connecting Statement:		0		James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works.
58	JAS	02	14	g8kr			0	save him	spare him from God's judgment
59	JAS	02	15	f6el			0	brother or sister	a fellow believer in Christ, whether male or female
60	JAS	02	16	n5jh	figs-metonymy		0	for the body	to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
61	JAS	02	18	al63	figs-hypo		0	Yet someone may say	James describes a hypothetical situation where someone objects to his teaching. James seeks to correct his audience's understanding of faith and works. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
62	JAS	02	21	ysr8			0	General Information:	Since these are Jewish believers, they know the story of Abraham, about whom God had told them long ago in his word.
63	JAS	02	25	hir8			0	In the same way also ... justified by works	James says that what was true of Abraham was also true of Rahab. Both were justified by works.
64	JAS	02	25	pn2f			0	Rahab the prostitute	James expected his audience to know the Old Testament story about the woman Rahab.
65	JAS	02	25	bx6i	figs-metaphor		0	justified by works	James speaks of works as something to possess. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
66	JAS	02	25	af9u			0	messengers	people who bring news from another place
67	JAS	02	25	xm5m			0	sent them away by another road	then helped them escape and leave the city
68	JAS	02	26	uum8	figs-metaphor		0	For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead	James is speaking of faith without works as if it were a dead body without the spirit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
69	JAS	03	intro	py3p	James 03 General Notes		0		# James 03 General Notes<br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Metaphors<br><br>James teaches his readers that they should live to please God by reminding them of things that they know from everyday life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
70	JAS	03	01	p4uu	figs-genericnoun		0	Not many of you	James is making a generalized statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])
71	JAS	03	01	c36b			0	my brothers	my fellow believers
72	JAS	03	02	t6xt			0	does not stumble in words	does not sin by saying wrong things
73	JAS	03	02	kn4v			0	he is a perfect man	he is spiritually mature
74	JAS	03	03	z2ez			0	General Information:	James is developing an argument that small things can control big things.
75	JAS	03	03	zql3			0	Now if we put bits into horses' mouths	James speaks about horses' bits. A bit is a small piece of metal that is placed into a horse's mouth to control where it goes.
76	JAS	03	03	u92q			0	horses	A horse is a large animal used to carry things or people.
77	JAS	03	04	jrk1			0	are steered by a very small rudder to wherever the pilot desires	have a small tool that a person can use to control where the ship goes
78	JAS	03	05	ub5h			0	Notice also	Think about
79	JAS	03	06	i61e	figs-metaphor		0	a world of sinfulness set among our body parts	The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
80	JAS	03	06	sv44	figs-metaphor		0	It stains the whole body	Sinful speaking is spoken of metaphorically as if it stained one's body. And becoming unacceptable to God is spoken of as if it were dirt on the body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
81	JAS	03	07	b8c9	translate-unknown		0	reptile	This is an animal that crawls on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
82	JAS	03	07	zw5m			0	sea creature	an animal that lives in the sea
83	JAS	03	09	le6h			0	With it we	We use the tongue to say words that
84	JAS	03	09	ucm9			0	we curse men	we ask God to harm men
85	JAS	03	10	qrs2			0	My brothers	Fellow Christians
86	JAS	03	10	n9zy			0	these things should not happen	these things are wrong
87	JAS	03	11	m18q	Connecting Statement:		0		After James stresses that the words of believers should not both bless and curse, he gives examples from nature to teach his readers that people who honor God by worshiping him should also live in right ways.
88	JAS	03	12	jjj8			0	my brothers	my fellow believers
89	JAS	03	15	mzc9			0	demonic	from demons
90	JAS	03	17	hhk5			0	is first pure	is first holy
91	JAS	04	01	k21j	Connecting Statement:		0		James rebukes these believers for their worldliness and their lack of humility. He again urges them to watch how they speak to and about each other.
92	JAS	04	01	v5kg			0	among your members	Possible meanings are 1) there is fighting among the local believers, or 2) the fighting, that is, the conflict, is inside each believer.
93	JAS	04	04	b5ly	figs-metonymy		0	friendship with the world	This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
94	JAS	04	04	br36	figs-personification		0	friendship with the world	Here the world's value system is spoken of as if it were a person that others could be friends with. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
95	JAS	04	06	hyh2			0	so the scripture	Because God gives more grace, the scripture
96	JAS	04	07	da5t			0	So submit	Because God gives grace to the humble, submit
97	JAS	04	07	g7e5			0	submit to God	obey God
98	JAS	04	07	w9ue			0	he will flee	he will run away
99	JAS	04	07	b5yz	figs-you		0	you	Here this pronoun is plural and refers to James' audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
100	JAS	04	08	g62m	figs-metaphor		0	Come close to God	Here the idea of coming close stands for becoming honest and open with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
101	JAS	04	08	yh1k	figs-parallelism		0	Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded	These are two phrases in parallel with each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
102	JAS	04	09	kdn8	figs-doublet		0	Grieve, mourn, and cry	These three words have similar meanings. James uses them together to emphasize that the people should be truly sorry for not obeying God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])
103	JAS	04	11	jlx4			0	but a judge	but you are acting like the person who gives the law
104	JAS	04	15	gj65			0	Instead, you should say	Instead, your attitude should be
105	JAS	04	17	q84z			0	for anyone who knows to do good but does not do it, for him it is sin	Anyone who fails to do the good he knows he should do is guilty of sin.
106	JAS	05	01	phs3	Connecting Statement:		0		James warns rich people about their focus on pleasure and riches.
107	JAS	05	02	v241			0	riches ... clothes	These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
108	JAS	05	03	wj9v			0	gold ... silver	These things are mentioned as examples of things that are valuable to wealthy people.
109	JAS	05	03	i37x	figs-simile		0	will consume ... like fire	Here the corrosion is spoken of as if it were a fire that will burn up their owners. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
110	JAS	05	03	j6fe	figs-metaphor		0	fire	The idea of fire here is meant to lead people to remember that fire often stands for God's punishment that will come on all the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
111	JAS	05	04	gcj5	Connecting Statement:		0		James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches.
112	JAS	05	04	h9y8	figs-metaphor		0	into the ears of the Lord of hosts	God is spoken of as if he had ears as humans have. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
113	JAS	05	06	z7w1			0	resist you	oppose you
114	JAS	05	07	n888			0	General Information:	In closing, James reminds the believers about the Lord's coming and gives several short lessons on how to live for the Lord.
115	JAS	05	07	xr6g	Connecting Statement:		0		James changes topics from a rebuke of the rich people to an exhortation to the believers.
116	JAS	05	07	a4sv			0	So be patient	Because of this, wait and be calm
117	JAS	05	07	y4er	figs-metaphor		0	the farmer	James makes an analogy using farmers and believers to teach what it means to be patient. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
118	JAS	05	08	jw3b			0	the Lord's coming is near	the Lord will return soon
119	JAS	05	09	k74r			0	Do not complain, brothers ... you	James is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers.
120	JAS	05	09	w9xv			0	against one another	about each other
121	JAS	05	09	ita4			0	See, the judge	Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the judge
122	JAS	05	10	sic1			0	the suffering and patience of the prophets, those who spoke in the name of the Lord	how the prophets who spoke in the name of the Lord suffered persecution with patience
123	JAS	05	11	xwr8			0	See, we regard	Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: we regard
124	JAS	05	11	s3nl			0	those who endured	those who continued obeying God even through hardship
125	JAS	05	16	t2iq			0	General Information:	As these were Jewish believers, James reminds them to pray by recalling one of the prophets of old and that prophet's practical prayers.
126	JAS	05	16	dl5k			0	So confess your sins	Admit to other believers things you did wrong so that you can be forgiven.
127	JAS	05	16	i8cm			0	to one another	to each other
128	JAS	05	18	yi7m			0	the earth produced its fruit	Here the earth is presented as the source of the crops.
129	JAS	05	20	xg1y	figs-metonymy		0	whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins	James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
130	JAS	05	20	rh4d	figs-metaphor		0	will cover over a great number of sins	Possible meanings are 1) the person who brings back the disobedient brother will have his sins forgiven or 2) the disobedient brother, when he returns to the Lord, will have his sins forgiven. Sins are spoken of as if they were objects that God could cover so that he would not see them, so that he would forgive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])