See in Reader
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48 KiB
| 1 | Book | Chapter | Verse | ID | SupportReference | OrigQuote | Occurrence | GLQuote | OccurrenceNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | TIT | front | intro | m2jl | 0 | # Introduction à Tite<br><br>## 1e partie : Introduction générale<br><br>### Aperçu du livre de Tite<br><br>1. Paul ordonne à Tite de nommer des chefs pieux. (1:1-16)<br>2. Paul ordonne à Tite de former les gens à vivre une vie pieuse. (2:1-3:11)<br>3. Paul termine en partageant certains de ses plans et en envoyant des salutations à divers croyants. (3:12-15)<br><br>### Qui a écrit le Livre de Tite ?<br><br>Paul a écrit le livre de Tite. Paul était de la ville de Tarse. Il avait été connu sous le nom de Saul au début de sa vie. Avant de devenir chrétien, Paul était un pharisien. Il a persécuté les Chrétiens. Après être devenu chrétien, il a voyagé plusieurs fois à travers l’Empire Romain pour parler de Jésus aux gens.<br><br>### De quoi parle le Livre de Tite ?<br><br>Paul a écrit cette lettre à Titus, son compagnon de travail, qui dirigeait les églises de l’île de Crète. Paul l’a instruit sur la sélection des dirigeants de l’église. Paul a également décrit comment les croyants devraient se comporter les uns envers les autres. Il les a tous encouragés à vivre d’une manière qui plaît à Dieu.<br><br>### Comment traduire le titre de ce livre ?<br><br>Les traducteurs peuvent choisir d’appeler ce livre par son titre traditionnel, « Tite ». Ou bien, ils peuvent choisir un titre plus clair, comme “Lettre de Paul à Tite” ou “Une lettre à Tite”. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Deuxième partie : Concepts religieux et culturels importants<br><br>### Dans quels rôles les gens peuvent-ils servir au sein de l’Église ?<br><br>Il y a quelques enseignements dans le Livre de Tite sur la question de savoir si une femme ou un homme divorcé peut occuper des postes de direction au sein de l’église. Les érudits sont en désaccord sur le sens de ces enseignements. Une étude plus approfondie de ces questions pourrait être nécessaire avant de traduire ce livre.<br><br>## 3e partie : Problèmes importants de traduction<br><br>### Le singulier et le pluriel du pronom personnel de la 2e personne<br><br>Dans ce livre, le mot “Je” fait référence à Paul. Mais le mot “tu” est presque toujours au singulier et fait référence à Tite. Une exception est notée à 3:15. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### Que signifie **Dieu notre Sauveur** ?<br><br>C’est une expression courante dans cette lettre. Paul voulait faire réfléchir les lecteurs sur la façon dont Dieu leur a pardonné en Christ d’avoir péché contre lui, et en leur pardonnant, il les a sauvés de la punition qui viendra lorsqu’il jugera tout le monde. Une expression semblable dans cette lettre est **notre grand Dieu et Sauveur Jésus-Christ**. | |||
| 3 | TIT | 1 | intro | c7me | 0 | # Tite 1. Notes génerales<br><br>## Structure et forme<br><br>Paul introduit formellement cette lettre dans les versets 1-4. Les écrivains commençaient souvent des lettres de cette façon dans l’ancien Proche-Orient.<br><br>Aux versets 6-9, Paul énumère plusieurs qualités qu’un homme doit avoir s’il veut être un ancien dans l’église (Voir : rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul donne une liste comparable dans 1 Timothée 3.<br><br>## Concepts spéciaux de ce chapitre<br><br>### Ancien<br><br>L’église a utilisé des titres divers pour ses dirigeants. Quelques-uns de ces titres comprennent surveillant, ancien, pasteur et évêque.<br><br>## Autres difficultés de traduction possibles dans ce chapitre<br><br>### Devrait, peut, doit<br><br>Le GLT utilise des mots différents qui indiquent des exigences ou des obligations. Ces verbes ont des niveaux de force différents auxquels ils sont associés. Ces différences subtiles pourraient être difficiles à traduire. Le GST traduit ces verbes de manière plus générale. | |||
| 4 | TIT | 1 | 1 | rtc9 | figs-abstractnouns | κατὰ πίστιν | 1 | for the faith | **La foi** est un nom abstrait. Ici, il s’agit de croire ou de faire confiance à Jésus. Si c’est plus clair dans votre langue, vous pouvez le traduire avec un verbe comme ceux-ci, comme dans l’UST. Traduction alternative : “pour renforcer la foi” ou “aider \[le peuple élu de Dieu\] à lui faire davantage confiance” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 5 | TIT | 1 | 1 | xyz8 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐπίγνωσιν | 1 | the knowledge | La \*\*connaissance\*\* est un nom abstrait. Si c’est plus clair dans votre langue, vous pouvez utiliser un verbe tel que “connaître”, comme dans le GST. Paul veut que les gens connaissent le vrai message au sujet de Dieu et de Christ afin qu’ils puissent vivre d’une manière qui plaise à Dieu. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 6 | TIT | 1 | 1 | abc8 | figs-abstractnouns | ἀληθείας | 1 | of the truth | La **vérité** est un nom abstrait. Si c’est plus clair dans votre langue, vous pouvez utiliser l’adjectif “vrai” comme dans les expressions “ce qui est vrai” ou “le vrai message”. Paul veut que les gens connaissent le vrai message au sujet de Dieu et de Christ afin qu’ils puissent vivre d’une manière qui plaise à Dieu. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 7 | TIT | 1 | 1 | fyf8 | figs-abstractnouns | τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν | 1 | that agrees with godliness | La **piété** est un nom abstrait qui fait référence à une mode de vie qui plaît à Dieu. Traduction alternative : “qui convient pour honorer Dieu” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 8 | TIT | 1 | 2 | xyz9 | ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου | 1 | with the certain hope of everlasting life | “qui nous donne l’espérance certaine de la vie éternelle” ou “basé sur notre espérance certaine de la vie éternelle” | |
| 9 | TIT | 1 | 2 | r2gj | πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων | 1 | before all the ages of time | “avant le début du temps” | |
| 10 | TIT | 1 | 3 | b22h | καιροῖς ἰδίοις | 1 | at the right time | “en son temps”, “au moment approprié”, “au moment fixé”, “au temps propice” | |
| 11 | TIT | 1 | 3 | swi9 | figs-metaphor | ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ | 1 | he revealed his word | Paul parle de la parole de Dieu comme si c’était un objet qui pouvait être visiblement montré aux gens. Traduction alternative : “Il m’a fait comprendre son message” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 12 | TIT | 1 | 3 | abc9 | ἐν κηρύγματι | 1 | by the proclamation | “par la proclamation du message” | |
| 13 | TIT | 1 | 3 | m41u | figs-activepassive | ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ | 1 | that I was entrusted with | Vous pouvez le dire à la voix active. Traduction alternative : “il m’a fait confiance du message “ ou “il m’a confié la responsabilité de prêcher” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 14 | TIT | 1 | 3 | dpn4 | τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | of God our Savior | “de Dieu, qui nous sauve” | |
| 15 | TIT | 1 | 3 | xy18 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | Paul, Tite et tous les chrétiens sont inclus. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 16 | TIT | 1 | 4 | gu55 | figs-metaphor | γνησίῳ τέκνῳ | 1 | a true son | Tite n’était pas le fils biologique de Paul, mais ils partageaient une foi commune en Christ. Paul considère que la relation avec Christ par la foi est plus importante que la relation biologique. Donc, à cause de leurs âges relatifs et de la foi qu’ils partageaient en Christ, Paul considère Tite comme son propre fils. Il se peut aussi que Paul ait conduit Tite à la foi en Christ, et ainsi Tite est comme un fils dans le sens spirituel. Traduction alternative : « tu es comme un fils pour moi » (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 17 | TIT | 1 | 4 | wx6c | κοινὴν πίστιν | 1 | our common faith | Paul et Tite partagent la même foi dans le Christ. Autre traduction : « parce que nous croyons tous deux au Christ » | |
| 18 | TIT | 1 | 4 | h93t | figs-ellipsis | χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη | 1 | Grace and peace | C’était une salutation courante que Paul utilisait. Vous pouvez indiquer clairement les informations comprises. Traduction alternative : “Que tu puisses ressentir la bonté et la paix intérieure !” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 19 | TIT | 1 | 4 | s3yr | Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν | 1 | Christ Jesus our Savior | “Jésus Christ qui est notre Sauveur” | |
| 20 | TIT | 1 | 4 | xy17 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | Paul, Tite et tous les chrétiens sont inclus. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 21 | TIT | 1 | 5 | ew8h | grammar-connect-logic-goal | τούτου χάριν | 1 | For this purpose | La phrase de connexion **à cette fin** introduit le but que Paul voulait accomplir lorsqu’il a laissé Tite en Crète (pour ordonner des anciens dans l’église). Traduction alternative: “C’est la raison” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) |
| 22 | TIT | 1 | 5 | lh9b | ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ | 1 | I left you in Crete | “Je t’ai dit de rester en Crète” | |
| 23 | TIT | 1 | 5 | ga62 | ἵνα τὰ λείποντα ἐπιδιορθώσῃ | 1 | that you might set in order things not yet complete | “afin que tu finisses d’organiser les choses qui doivent encore être complétées” | |
| 24 | TIT | 1 | 5 | b52u | καταστήσῃς…πρεσβυτέρους | 1 | ordain elders | “choisis des anciens” ou “désigne des anciens” | |
| 25 | TIT | 1 | 5 | p56w | πρεσβυτέρους | 1 | elders | Dans les premières églises chrétiennes, les anciens donnaient une direction spirituelle aux assemblées des croyants. Le mot “ancien” fait référence à des personnes matures dans la foi. | |
| 26 | TIT | 1 | 6 | wja4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Having told Titus to ordain elders in every city on the island of Crete, Paul then gives the requirements for elders. | ||
| 27 | TIT | 1 | 6 | jen8 | εἴ τίς ἐστιν ἀνέγκλητος | 1 | if anyone is blameless | This is the beginning of the description of the character of an elder. Titus is to choose men who fit the following description. To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “an elder must be without blame” or “an elder must not have a bad reputation” | |
| 28 | TIT | 1 | 6 | ab70 | figs-doublenegatives | ἀνέγκλητος | 1 | blameless | To be **blameless** is to be known as a person who does not do bad things. Alternate translation: “without blame” You can state this positively: “a person who has a good reputation” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 29 | TIT | 1 | 6 | q6uy | figs-explicit | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | 1 | the husband of one wife | This means that he has only one wife, that is, he does not have any other wives or concubines. This also means that he does not commit adultery and may also mean that he has not divorced a previous wife. Alternate translation: “a man who has only one woman” or “a man who is faithful to his wife” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 30 | TIT | 1 | 6 | wd6q | τέκνα…πιστά | 1 | faithful children | This could mean: (1) This refers to children who believe in Jesus. (2) This refers to children who are trustworthy. | |
| 31 | TIT | 1 | 7 | lz7x | τὸν ἐπίσκοπον | 1 | the overseer | This is another name for the same position of spiritual leadership that Paul referred to as **elder** in 1:5. This term focuses on the function of the elder: he oversees the activities and people of the church. | |
| 32 | TIT | 1 | 7 | g2zf | figs-metaphor | Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον | 1 | the household manager of God | Paul speaks of the church as if it were God’s household, and the overseer as if he were a servant in charge of managing that household. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 33 | TIT | 1 | 7 | d6l1 | μὴ πάροινον | 1 | not addicted to wine | “not an alcoholic” or “not one who drinks much wine” | |
| 34 | TIT | 1 | 7 | j1qq | μὴ πλήκτην | 1 | not a brawler | “not one who is violent” or “not one who likes to fight” | |
| 35 | TIT | 1 | 8 | i549 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | ἀλλὰ | 1 | Instead | The connecting word **Instead** introduces a contrast between the things an elder is not to be (that Paul already stated), and the things an elder is to be (which Paul is about to state). (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 36 | TIT | 1 | 8 | vkq1 | φιλάγαθον | 1 | a friend of what is good | “a person who loves to do good” | |
| 37 | TIT | 1 | 8 | xy11 | figs-doublet | σώφρονα…ἐγκρατῆ | 1 | sensible … and self-controlled | These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 38 | TIT | 1 | 8 | xy12 | figs-doublet | δίκαιον, ὅσιον | 1 | righteous, holy | These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 39 | TIT | 1 | 9 | xwy6 | figs-metaphor | ἀντεχόμενον | 1 | He must hold tightly to | Paul speaks of devotion to the Christian faith as if it were grasping the faith with one’s hands. Alternate translation: “He must be devoted to” or “He should know well” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 40 | TIT | 1 | 9 | xy10 | κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν | 1 | that is in accordance with the teaching | “that agrees with the things that we taught him” | |
| 41 | TIT | 1 | 9 | abcj | grammar-connect-logic-goal | ἵνα | 1 | so that | The connecting words **so that** introduce a goal or purpose relationship. The purpose for the elder to hold tightly to the trustworthy message is for him to be able to encourage others and rebuke those who oppose him. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that this is the purpose. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]]) |
| 42 | TIT | 1 | 9 | pzi1 | τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ | 1 | sound teaching | The Greek word rendered at **sound** normally refers to physical health. Paul speaks of this teaching as if it would cause those who believe it to be spiritually healthy, rather than spiritually sick. | |
| 43 | TIT | 1 | 10 | xsq9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Because of those that would oppose God’s word, Paul gives Titus reasons to preach God’s word and warns him about false teachers. | ||
| 44 | TIT | 1 | 10 | w9kk | figs-metaphor | ἀνυπότακτοι, ματαιολόγοι | 1 | rebellious, empty talkers | These are rebellious people who do not obey the gospel message. Here, **empty** is a metaphor for useless, and **empty talkers** are people who say useless or foolish things. Alternate translation: “who refuse to obey and who say useless things” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 45 | TIT | 1 | 10 | ga6n | φρεναπάται | 1 | deceivers | This phrase describes people who are actively trying to convince people to believe in something other than the true gospel that Paul preaches. Alternate translation: “people who persuade others to believe things that are not true” | |
| 46 | TIT | 1 | 10 | abcd | figs-hendiadys | ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται | 1 | empty talkers and deceivers | Both **empty talkers** and **deceivers** refer to the same people. They taught false, worthless things and wanted people to believe them. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 47 | TIT | 1 | 10 | pu74 | figs-metonymy | οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς | 1 | those from the circumcision | This refers to the Jewish Christians who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ. This teaching is false. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 48 | TIT | 1 | 11 | f4iy | οὓς δεῖ ἐπιστομίζειν | 1 | It is necessary to stop them | “You must prevent them from spreading their teachings” or “Someone must stop them from influencing others by their words” | |
| 49 | TIT | 1 | 11 | aqi5 | ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν | 1 | are upsetting whole households | “are ruining entire families.” The issue was that they were leading families away from the truth and destroying their faith. | |
| 50 | TIT | 1 | 11 | tw4e | διδάσκοντες ἃ μὴ δεῖ | 1 | teaching what they should not | These are things that are not proper to teach regarding Christ and the Law because they are not true. | |
| 51 | TIT | 1 | 11 | at7c | αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν | 1 | for the sake of shameful profit | This refers to profit that people make by doing things that are not honorable. | |
| 52 | TIT | 1 | 12 | tr1j | τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης | 1 | One of them, of their own prophets | “A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet” | |
| 53 | TIT | 1 | 12 | y3zb | figs-hyperbole | Κρῆτες ἀεὶ ψεῦσται | 1 | Cretans are always liars | “Cretans lie all the time”. This is an exaggeration that means that Cretans had a reputation to be liars. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) |
| 54 | TIT | 1 | 12 | h3jb | figs-metaphor | κακὰ θηρία | 1 | evil beasts | This metaphor compares the Cretans to dangerous wild animals. Alternate translation: “as dangerous as wild animals” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 55 | TIT | 1 | 12 | xyz1 | figs-synecdoche | γαστέρες ἀργαί | 1 | lazy bellies | The part of the body that stores food is used to represent the person who eats all the time. Alternate translation: “lazy gluttons” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) |
| 56 | TIT | 1 | 13 | fif8 | δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν ἔλεγχε αὐτοὺς ἀποτόμως | 1 | For this reason, rebuke them severely | “For that reason, you must use strong language that the Cretans will understand when you correct them” | |
| 57 | TIT | 1 | 13 | abck | grammar-connect-logic-result | δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν | 1 | For this reason | The connecting words **For this reason** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is that what the Cretan prophet said about his people is true (they are liars, evil, and lazy), and the result is that Titus should rebuke them severely. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 58 | TIT | 1 | 13 | je3r | ἵνα ὑγιαίνωσιν ἐν τῇ πίστει | 1 | so that they may be sound in the faith | See note on **sound** in [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “so they will have a healthy faith” or “so their faith may be true” or “so that they believe only what is true about God” | |
| 59 | TIT | 1 | 13 | abcl | grammar-connect-logic-result | ἵνα | 1 | so that | The connecting words **so that** introduce a reason-result relationship. The reason is the elder rebukes the Cretans severely, and the result is the Cretans become sound in the faith. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]]) |
| 60 | TIT | 1 | 13 | xyz2 | figs-abstractnouns | ἐν τῇ πίστει | 1 | in the faith | Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 61 | TIT | 1 | 14 | abcm | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | μὴ | 1 | not | The connecting word **not** introduces a contrast to being “sound in the faith” in the previous verse. In order to be sound in the faith, the people must not pay any attention to the Jewish myths or the commands of people who do not follow the truth. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 62 | TIT | 1 | 14 | p28i | Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις | 1 | to Jewish myths | This refers to the false teaching of the Jews. | |
| 63 | TIT | 1 | 14 | m4a5 | figs-metaphor | ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν | 1 | who turn away from the truth | Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “who reject the truth” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 64 | TIT | 1 | 15 | qtb9 | πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς | 1 | All things are pure to those who are pure | “If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God” | |
| 65 | TIT | 1 | 15 | nx42 | τοῖς καθαροῖς | 1 | to those who are pure | “to those who are acceptable to God” | |
| 66 | TIT | 1 | 15 | abcn | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 67 | TIT | 1 | 15 | n3wk | figs-metaphor | τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν | 2 | to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure | Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 68 | TIT | 1 | 16 | abco | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | but | The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 69 | TIT | 1 | 16 | i3l2 | τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται | 1 | they deny him by their actions | “how they live proves that they do not know him” | |
| 70 | TIT | 1 | 16 | ja47 | βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες | 1 | They are detestable | “They are disgusting” | |
| 71 | TIT | 2 | intro | h3il | 0 | # Titus 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation. | |||
| 72 | TIT | 2 | 1 | lfu1 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers. | ||
| 73 | TIT | 2 | 1 | tpi2 | figs-explicit | σὺ δὲ | 1 | But you | Here, **you** is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you can include the name “Titus” here as in the UST ([[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 74 | TIT | 2 | 1 | ph2j | τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ | 1 | with sound teaching | See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “with sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings” | |
| 75 | TIT | 2 | 2 | xyz3 | figs-ellipsis | πρεσβύτας…εἶναι | 1 | Older men are to be | The Greek does not have **are**, but only “Older men to be.” We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 76 | TIT | 2 | 2 | xy13 | figs-doublet | νηφαλίους…σεμνούς, σώφρονας | 1 | temperate, dignified, sensible | These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 77 | TIT | 2 | 2 | xc6t | νηφαλίους | 1 | temperate | “sober-minded” or “self-controlled” | |
| 78 | TIT | 2 | 2 | y3j2 | εἶναι…σώφρονας | 1 | to be … sensible | “to … control their desires” | |
| 79 | TIT | 2 | 2 | abc1 | ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει | 1 | sound in faith | Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. See the note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1) and the note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13/je3r). | |
| 80 | TIT | 2 | 2 | m14y | figs-abstractnouns | ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει | 1 | sound in faith | You can state the abstract noun **faith** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “firmly believe the true teachings about God” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 81 | TIT | 2 | 2 | z14y | figs-abstractnouns | τῇ ἀγάπῃ | 1 | in love | You can state the abstract noun **love** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “truly love others” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 82 | TIT | 2 | 2 | a14y | figs-abstractnouns | τῇ ὑπομονῇ | 1 | and in perseverance | You can state the abstract noun **perseverance** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 83 | TIT | 2 | 3 | gl8e | figs-ellipsis | πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως | 1 | Older women likewise are to be | The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only “older women likewise.” We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women” or “Also teach older women” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 84 | TIT | 2 | 3 | v9cp | διαβόλους | 1 | slanderers | This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not. | |
| 85 | TIT | 2 | 3 | g9re | figs-metaphor | οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας | 1 | enslaved to much wine | People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “controlled by their desire for wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 86 | TIT | 2 | 3 | xyz4 | figs-activepassive | οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας | 1 | enslaved to much wine | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 87 | TIT | 2 | 3 | abc4 | καλοδιδασκάλους | 1 | but to be teachers of what is good | The Greek word used here means “a teacher of what is good”. The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities. | |
| 88 | TIT | 2 | 4 | abc5 | φιλάνδρους | 1 | lovers of their husbands | “lovers of their own husbands” | |
| 89 | TIT | 2 | 4 | abca | φιλοτέκνους | 1 | and lovers of their children | “and lovers of their own children” | |
| 90 | TIT | 2 | 5 | abcb | ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν | 1 | and subject to their own husbands | “and to obey their own husbands” | |
| 91 | TIT | 2 | 5 | t5v6 | figs-metonymy | ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται | 1 | so that the word of God may not be insulted | Here, **word** is a metonym for “message”, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 92 | TIT | 2 | 5 | abcq | figs-activepassive | ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται | 1 | so that the word of God may not be insulted | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 93 | TIT | 2 | 6 | i3hv | ὡσαύτως | 1 | In the same way | Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people. | |
| 94 | TIT | 2 | 7 | x73u | σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος | 1 | present yourself | “show yourself to be” or “you yourself must be” | |
| 95 | TIT | 2 | 7 | ym6x | τύπον καλῶν ἔργων | 1 | as an example of good works | “as an example of one who does right and proper things” | |
| 96 | TIT | 2 | 8 | xy14 | ὑγιῆ | 1 | sound | This word **sound** has the same basic meaning as “uncorrupted” in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: “uncorrupted,” meaning, “without error,” and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound**, meaning “correct.” Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning in both places if it is difficult to use two terms. | |
| 97 | TIT | 2 | 8 | xt6v | figs-hypo | ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ | 1 | so that the opponent may be ashamed | This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]]) |
| 98 | TIT | 2 | 8 | xy15 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | us | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 99 | TIT | 2 | 9 | xyz5 | figs-ellipsis | δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι | 1 | Slaves are to be subject to their own masters | The Greek does not have **are**, but only “slaves to be subject to their masters.” We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]]) |
| 100 | TIT | 2 | 9 | abcc | ὑποτάσσεσθαι | 1 | are to be subject | “must obey” | |
| 101 | TIT | 2 | 9 | if6v | ἐν πᾶσιν | 1 | in everything | “in every situation” or “always” | |
| 102 | TIT | 2 | 9 | id15 | εὐαρέστους εἶναι | 1 | to be pleasing | “to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters” | |
| 103 | TIT | 2 | 10 | abc6 | μὴ νοσφιζομένους | 1 | not to steal | “not to steal from their masters” | |
| 104 | TIT | 2 | 10 | t87j | πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν | 1 | to demonstrate all good faith | “to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust” | |
| 105 | TIT | 2 | 10 | h2n6 | ἐν πᾶσιν | 1 | in every way | “in everything they do” | |
| 106 | TIT | 2 | 10 | f8jy | τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν | 1 | they may bring credit to the teaching that is about God our Savior | “they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good” | |
| 107 | TIT | 2 | 10 | pn93 | Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | God our Savior | “our God who saves us” | |
| 108 | TIT | 2 | 10 | xy16 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | Here, **our** is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 109 | TIT | 2 | 11 | y44u | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus. | ||
| 110 | TIT | 2 | 11 | gp2z | figs-personification | ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ | 1 | the grace of God has appeared | Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 111 | TIT | 2 | 12 | qy8k | figs-personification | παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς | 1 | training us | Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 112 | TIT | 2 | 12 | abce | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 113 | TIT | 2 | 12 | lxb3 | τὴν ἀσέβειαν | 1 | godlessness | “things that dishonor God” | |
| 114 | TIT | 2 | 12 | n3k5 | τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας | 1 | worldly passions | “strong desires for the things of this world” or “strong desires for sinful pleasures” | |
| 115 | TIT | 2 | 12 | xy19 | ἀσέβειαν…εὐσεβῶς | 1 | godlessness … godly way | These terms are direct opposites, meaning “God-dishonoring” and “God-honoring,” respectively. | |
| 116 | TIT | 2 | 12 | fk8j | ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι | 1 | in the present age | “while we live in this world” or “during this time” | |
| 117 | TIT | 2 | 13 | rz93 | προσδεχόμενοι | 1 | while we look forward to receiving | **while we wait to welcome** | |
| 118 | TIT | 2 | 13 | xyz6 | figs-metonymy | τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα | 1 | the blessed hope | Here what is **blessed** is that for which we hope, which is the return of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the wonderful thing for which we hope” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 119 | TIT | 2 | 13 | pss7 | figs-metonymy | καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ | Here, **glory** represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) |
| 120 | TIT | 2 | 13 | abcf | figs-hendiadys | τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης | 1 | the blessed hope and appearing of the glory | Both **blessed hope** and **appearing of the glory** refer to the same event. This can be shown clearly. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 121 | TIT | 2 | 13 | xyz7 | figs-hendiadys | τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | 1 | of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ | Both **our great God** and **Savior** refer to the one person, Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]) |
| 122 | TIT | 2 | 14 | niu4 | figs-explicit | ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | 1 | gave himself for us | This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 123 | TIT | 2 | 14 | xy20 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | us | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 124 | TIT | 2 | 14 | gxe7 | figs-metaphor | λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας | 1 | to redeem us from all lawlessness | Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 125 | TIT | 2 | 14 | xy21 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 126 | TIT | 2 | 14 | fjy1 | λαὸν περιούσιον | 1 | a special people | “a group of people that he treasures” | |
| 127 | TIT | 2 | 14 | ii18 | ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων | 1 | zealous for good works | “who are eager to do good deeds” | |
| 128 | TIT | 2 | 15 | abc7 | παρακάλει | 1 | exhort | “encourage them to do these things” | |
| 129 | TIT | 2 | 15 | b94z | figs-explicit | ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς | 1 | rebuke with all authority | If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should correct can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 130 | TIT | 2 | 15 | h15y | μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω | 1 | Let no one disregard you | “Do not allow anyone to ignore you” | |
| 131 | TIT | 2 | 15 | xy22 | figs-doublenegatives | μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω | 1 | Let no one disregard you | You can state this positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 132 | TIT | 2 | 15 | jbu1 | figs-explicit | σου περιφρονείτω | 1 | Let … disregard you | The way that people would disregard Titus can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Let … refuse to listen to your words” or “Let … refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) |
| 133 | TIT | 3 | intro | zh6x | 0 | # Titus 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.<br><br>Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogies<br><br>Genealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants, and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were. | |||
| 134 | TIT | 3 | 1 | y9tr | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete. | ||
| 135 | TIT | 3 | 1 | j2sa | ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι | 1 | Remind them to submit | “Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit” | |
| 136 | TIT | 3 | 1 | w3fy | ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν | 1 | to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them | “to do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them” | |
| 137 | TIT | 3 | 1 | wa9x | figs-doublet | ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις | 1 | to rulers and authorities | These words have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 138 | TIT | 3 | 1 | xy25 | figs-doublet | ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν | 1 | to submit … to obey them | These words have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) |
| 139 | TIT | 3 | 1 | in7u | πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι | 1 | be ready for every good work | “be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity” | |
| 140 | TIT | 3 | 2 | lug7 | βλασφημεῖν | 1 | to revile | “to speak evil of” | |
| 141 | TIT | 3 | 2 | abcx | figs-doublenegatives | ἀμάχους εἶναι | 1 | to be uncontentious | You can state this positively: “to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 142 | TIT | 3 | 3 | m9zd | ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς | 1 | For once we also were | “This is because we ourselves were once” | |
| 143 | TIT | 3 | 3 | me7b | ποτε | 1 | once | “formerly” or “at some time” or “previously” | |
| 144 | TIT | 3 | 3 | bl8e | figs-exclusive | ἡμεῖς | 1 | we | “even we” or “we ourselves” This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 145 | TIT | 3 | 3 | rrx9 | ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι | 1 | were foolish | “were thoughtless” or “were unwise” | |
| 146 | TIT | 3 | 3 | qt8f | figs-personification | πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις | 1 | We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures | Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 147 | TIT | 3 | 3 | xy27 | figs-activepassive | πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις | 1 | We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures | You can translate this in active form. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 148 | TIT | 3 | 3 | tl5n | ἐπιθυμίαις | 1 | passions | “lusts” or “desires” | |
| 149 | TIT | 3 | 3 | dec4 | ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες | 1 | We lived in evil and envy | Here, **evil** and **envy** describe sin. The word **evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have” | |
| 150 | TIT | 3 | 3 | y5lp | στυγητοί | 1 | detestable | “causing others to hate us” | |
| 151 | TIT | 3 | 4 | xy28 | grammar-connect-logic-contrast | δὲ | 1 | But | It is important to mark the contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1-3) and the goodness of God (verses 4-7) (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]]) |
| 152 | TIT | 3 | 4 | ba5a | figs-personification | ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared | Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) |
| 153 | TIT | 3 | 4 | abcg | figs-abstractnouns | ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ | 1 | when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared | You can state the abstract nouns **kindness** and **love** as adjectives. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) |
| 154 | TIT | 3 | 4 | abch | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 155 | TIT | 3 | 5 | n4ug | κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος | 1 | by his mercy | “because he had mercy on us” | |
| 156 | TIT | 3 | 5 | k1a6 | figs-metaphor | λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας | 1 | the washing of new birth | Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 157 | TIT | 3 | 6 | fby9 | figs-metaphor | οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως | 1 | whom God richly poured on us | It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 158 | TIT | 3 | 6 | xy24 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 159 | TIT | 3 | 6 | q9ze | διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν | 1 | through our Savior Jesus Christ | “when Jesus Christ saved us” | |
| 160 | TIT | 3 | 6 | xy23 | figs-exclusive | ἡμῶν | 1 | our | This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 161 | TIT | 3 | 7 | di3g | figs-activepassive | δικαιωθέντες | 1 | having been justified | You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) |
| 162 | TIT | 3 | 7 | q1cm | figs-metaphor | κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου | 1 | we might become heirs according to the certain hope of everlasting life | The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 163 | TIT | 3 | 8 | j8md | ὁ λόγος | 1 | This message | This message is the one just expressed in verses 4-7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus. | |
| 164 | TIT | 3 | 8 | xy29 | τούτων | 1 | these things | This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1-7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about” | |
| 165 | TIT | 3 | 8 | kqm6 | φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι | 1 | may be careful to engage themselves in good works | “may seek to do good works” | |
| 166 | TIT | 3 | 9 | tzh9 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers. | ||
| 167 | TIT | 3 | 9 | j1hf | δὲ…περιΐστασο | 1 | But avoid | “So avoid” or “Therefore, avoid” | |
| 168 | TIT | 3 | 9 | xnf9 | μωρὰς…ζητήσεις | 1 | foolish debates | “arguments concerning unimportant matters” | |
| 169 | TIT | 3 | 9 | qk66 | γενεαλογίας | 1 | genealogies | This is the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus. | |
| 170 | TIT | 3 | 9 | xu7f | ἔρεις | 1 | strife | arguments or fights | |
| 171 | TIT | 3 | 9 | ky3n | νομικὰς | 1 | about the law | “about the law of Moses” | |
| 172 | TIT | 3 | 10 | x3fh | αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ | 1 | Reject a divisive person | “Stay away from a person who causes division” | |
| 173 | TIT | 3 | 10 | xzx1 | μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν | 1 | after one or two warnings | “after you have warned that person once or twice” | |
| 174 | TIT | 3 | 11 | r7pc | ὁ τοιοῦτος | 1 | such a person | “a person like that” | |
| 175 | TIT | 3 | 11 | inh5 | figs-metaphor | ἐξέστραπται | 1 | has turned from the right way | Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 176 | TIT | 3 | 11 | p81k | ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος | 1 | being self-condemned | “bringing judgment on himself” | |
| 177 | TIT | 3 | 12 | z7i4 | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him. | ||
| 178 | TIT | 3 | 12 | mba6 | ὅταν πέμψω | 1 | When I send | “After I send” | |
| 179 | TIT | 3 | 12 | c32w | translate-names | Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν | 1 | Artemas … Tychicus | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 180 | TIT | 3 | 12 | knt1 | σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν | 1 | hurry to come | “come quickly” | |
| 181 | TIT | 3 | 12 | xy30 | σπούδασον | 1 | hurry | The verb is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place. | |
| 182 | TIT | 3 | 12 | gdw9 | παραχειμάσαι | 1 | to spend the winter | “to stay for the winter” | |
| 183 | TIT | 3 | 13 | a46f | translate-names | Ζηνᾶν…Ἀπολλῶν | 1 | Zenas … Appollos | These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) |
| 184 | TIT | 3 | 13 | s757 | καὶ Ἀπολλῶν | 1 | and Apollos | “and also Apollos” | |
| 185 | TIT | 3 | 13 | j496 | σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον | 1 | Diligently send on their way | “Do not delay in sending” | |
| 186 | TIT | 3 | 13 | xy31 | figs-doublenegatives | ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ | 1 | so that they lack nothing | You can state this positively: “so that they have everything that they need” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 187 | TIT | 3 | 14 | v7wg | 0 | Connecting Statement: | Paul explains that it is important for all believers to provide for those who have needs. | ||
| 188 | TIT | 3 | 14 | fw98 | οἱ ἡμέτεροι | 1 | our own | Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people” | |
| 189 | TIT | 3 | 14 | xy33 | figs-exclusive | οἱ ἡμέτεροι | 1 | our own | Here, **our** includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 190 | TIT | 3 | 14 | tn24 | εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας | 1 | toward essential needs | “that enable them to help people who lack necessary things” | |
| 191 | TIT | 3 | 14 | mji4 | figs-metaphor | ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι | 1 | in order not to be unfruitful | Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) |
| 192 | TIT | 3 | 14 | xy32 | figs-doublenegatives | ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι | 1 | in order not to be unfruitful | You can state this positively: “in this way they will be fruitful” or “in this way they will be productive” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]]) |
| 193 | TIT | 3 | 15 | j3y2 | 0 | General Information: | Paul ends his letter to Titus. | ||
| 194 | TIT | 3 | 15 | abci | ἀσπάζονταί σε | 1 | greet you | Here, **you** is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus. | |
| 195 | TIT | 3 | 15 | k1sa | οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες | 1 | All those who are with me | “All the people who are with me” or “All of the believers who are here with me” | |
| 196 | TIT | 3 | 15 | f4vc | τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει | 1 | those who love us in faith | Possible meanings are: (1) “the believers who love us” (2) “the believers who love us because we share the same belief”. | |
| 197 | TIT | 3 | 15 | xy35 | figs-exclusive | ἡμᾶς | 1 | us | Here, **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) |
| 198 | TIT | 3 | 15 | kx83 | ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν | 1 | Grace be with all of you | This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you” | |
| 199 | TIT | 3 | 15 | xy34 | ὑμῶν | 1 | of you | Here, **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete. |