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21COfrontintroe8ey0# Introduction to 1 Corinthians<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>### Outline of the Book of 1 Corinthians<br><br>1. Divisions in the church (1:10-4:21)<br>1. Moral sins and irregularities (5:1-13)<br>1. Christians taking other Christians to court (6:1-20)<br>1. Marriage and related matters (7:1-40)<br>1. Misuse of Christian liberty; food sacrificed to idols, fleeing idolatry; womens head coverings (8:1-13; 10:1-11:16)<br>1. Pauls rights as an apostle (9:1-27)<br>1. The Lords Supper (11:17-34)<br>1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit (12:1-31)<br>1. Love (13:1-13)<br>1. The gifts of the Holy Spirit: prophecy and languages (14:1-40)<br>1. The resurrection of believers and the resurrection of Christ (15:1-58)<br>1. Closing: the contribution for Christians in Jerusalem, requests, and personal greetings (16:1-24)<br><br>### Who wrote the Book of 1 Corinthians?<br><br>Paul wrote 1 Corinthians. Paul was from the city of Tarsus. He had been known as Saul in his early life. Before becoming a Christian, Paul was a Pharisee. He persecuted Christians. After he became a Christian, he traveled several times throughout the Roman Empire telling people about Jesus.<br><br>Paul started the church that met in Corinth. He was staying in the city of Ephesus when he wrote this letter.<br><br>### What is the Book of 1 Corinthians about?<br><br>1 Corinthians is a letter that Paul wrote to the believers who were in the city of Corinth. Paul had heard that there were problems among the believers there. They were arguing with each other. Some of them did not understand some of the Christian teachings. And some of them were behaving badly. In this letter, Paul responded to them and encouraged them to live in a way that pleased God.<br><br>### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>Translators may choose to call this book by its traditional title, “First Corinthians.” Or they may choose a clearer title, such as “Pauls First Letter to the Church in Corinth.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>### What was the city of Corinth like?<br><br>Corinth was a major city located in ancient Greece. Because it was near the Mediterranean Sea, many travelers and traders came to buy and sell goods there. This resulted in the city having people from many different cultures. The city was famous for having people who lived in immoral ways. The people worshipped Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. As part of the ceremonies honoring Aphrodite, her worshipers had sexual intercourse with temple prostitutes.<br><br>### What was the problem with meat sacrificed to idols?<br><br>Many animals were slaughtered and sacrificed to the false gods in Corinth. Priests and worshipers kept some of the meat. Much of the meat was sold in markets. Many Christians disagreed with each other over whether it was right for them to eat this meat, because it had been dedicated to a false god. Paul writes about this problem in 1 Corinthians.<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>### How are the ideas of “holy” and “sanctify” represented in 1 Corinthians in the ULT?<br><br>The scriptures use such words to indicate any one of various ideas. For this reason, it is often difficult for translators to represent them well in their versions. In translating into English, 1 Corinthians ULT uses the following principles:<br><br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage implies moral holiness. Especially important for understanding the gospel is the fact that God considers Christians to be sinless because they are united to Jesus Christ. Another related fact is that God is perfect and faultless. A third fact is that Christians are to conduct themselves in a blameless, faultless manner in life. In these cases, the ULT uses “holy,” “holy God,” “holy ones,” or “holy people.” (See: 1:2; 3:17)<br>* Sometimes the meaning in a passage indicates a simple reference to Christians without implying any particular role filled by them. In these cases, the ULT uses “believer” or “believers.” (See: 6:1, 2; 14:33; 16:1, 15)<br>* Sometimes the meaning in the passage implies the idea of someone or something set apart for God alone. In these cases, the ULT uses “set apart,” “dedicated to,” “reserved for,” or “sanctified.” (See: 1:2; 6:11; 7:14, 34)<br><br>The UST will often be helpful as translators think about how to represent these ideas in their own versions.<br><br>### What is the meaning of “flesh?”<br><br>Paul frequently used the terms “flesh” or “fleshly” to refer to Christians who did sinful things. However, it is not the physical world that is evil. Paul also described Christians who lived in a righteous way as “spiritual.” This is because they did what the Holy Spirit taught them to do. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### What did Paul mean by the expression “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” etc.?<br><br>This kind of expression occurs in 1:2, 30, 31; 3:1; 4:10, 15, 17; 6:11, 19; 7:22; 9:1, 2; 11:11, 25; 12:3, 9, 13, 18, 25; 14:16; 15:18, 19, 22, 31, 58; 16:19, 24. Paul meant to express the idea of a very close union with Christ and the believers. At the same time, he often intended other meanings as well. See, for example, “those who have been dedicated in Christ Jesus” (1:2), where Paul specifically meant that Christian believers have been dedicated to Christ.<br><br>Please see the introduction to the Book of Romans for more details about this kind of expression.<br><br>### What are the major issues in the text of the Book of 1 Corinthians?<br><br>For the following verses, modern versions of the Bible differ from older versions. Translators are advised to follow the modern versions of the Bible. However, if in the translators region there are Bibles that read according to older versions of the Bible, the translators can follow those. If so, these verses should be put inside square brackets ([]) to indicate that they were probably not original to 1 Corinthians.<br><br>* “Therefore glorify God with your body.” Some older versions read “Therefore glorify God with your body and in your spirit, which are Gods.” (6:20)<br>* “I did this even though I myself was not under the law” (9:20). Some older versions leave this passage out.<br>* “for the sake of conscience--the conscience of the other man.” Some older versions read “for the sake of conscience: for the earth and everything in it belong to the Lord: the conscience of the other man.” (10:28)<br>* “and that I give my body to be burned” (13:3). Some older versions read, “and that I give my body so that I might boast.”<br>* “But if anyone does not recognize this, let him not be recognized” (14:38). Some older versions read, “But if anyone is ignorant of this, let him be ignorant.”<br><br><br>(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]])<br>
31CO1introud5y0# 1 Corinthians 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>The first three verses are a greeting. In the ancient Near East, this was a common way of starting a letter.<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verse 19, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Disunity<br>In this chapter, Paul scolds the church for being divided and for following different apostles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>### Spiritual gifts<br>Spiritual gifts are specific supernatural abilities to help the church. The Holy Spirit gives these gifts to Christians after they come to believe in Jesus. Paul lists spiritual gifts in Chapter 12. Some scholars believe the Holy Spirit gave some of these gifts only in the early church to help establish the developing church. Other scholars believe all the gifts of the Spirit are still available to help all Christians throughout the church history. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Idioms<br><br>In this chapter, Paul refers to the return of Christ using two different phrases: “the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ” and “the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the Corinthians for dividing into factions and for relying on human wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Stumbling block<br>A stumbling block is a rock people stumble over. Here it means the Jews find it hard to believe that God allowed his Messiah to be crucified. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
41CO11e8j3Παῦλος1PaulYour language may have a particular way of introducing the author of a letter. Alternate translation: “I, Paul”
51CO11qp1ntranslate-namesΣωσθένης, ὁ ἀδελφὸς1Sosthenes our brotherThis indicates that both Paul and the Corinthians knew Sosthenes. Alternate translation: “Sosthenes the brother you and I know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
61CO12r9kgτῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ…ἐν Κορίνθῳ1to the church of God at CorinthYour language may have a particular way of introducing the intended audience. Alternate translation: “wrote this letter to you in Corinth who believe in God”
71CO12e75pἡγιασμένοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1those who have been sanctified in Christ JesusHere “sanctified” refers to people whom God has reserved to honor him. Alternate translation: “to those whom Christ Jesus has set apart for God” or “to those whom God has set apart for himself because they belong to Christ Jesus”
81CO12e8jwfigs-activepassiveτῇ οὔσῃ…κλητοῖς ἁγίοις1who are called to be saintsThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whom God has called to be holy people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
91CO12l21mfigs-metonymyτοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1those who call on the name of our Lord Jesus ChristThe word “name” here is a metonym for person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “who call on the Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
101CO12l9rqfigs-inclusiveαὐτῶν καὶ ἡμῶν1their Lord and oursThe word “ours” includes Pauls audience. Jesus is the Lord of Paul and the Corinthians and all the churches. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
111CO13gc2b0General Information:Paul and Sosthenes wrote this letter to the Christians who belonged to the church in Corinth.
121CO13gc2cfigs-you0General Information:Unless otherwise noted, such words as “you” and “your” refer to Pauls audience and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
131CO14pt1r0Connecting Statement:Paul describes the believers position and fellowship in Christ as they wait for his coming.
141CO14t16dfigs-metaphorἐπὶ τῇ χάριτι τοῦ Θεοῦ τῇ δοθείσῃ ὑμῖν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ1because of the grace of God that was given to you in Christ JesusPaul speaks of grace as though it were a physical object that Jesus gives Christians as a gift. Alternate translation: “because Christ Jesus has made it possible for God to be kind to you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
151CO15js7fἐπλουτίσθητε ἐν αὐτῷ1you have been made rich in himPossible meanings are 1) “Christ has made you rich” or 2) “God has made you rich.”
161CO15jw1sfigs-hyperboleἐν παντὶ ἐπλουτίσθητε1in everything you have been made richPaul is speaking in general terms. Alternate translation: “made you rich with all kinds of spiritual blessings” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
171CO15j48tἐν παντὶ λόγῳ1in all speechGod has enabled you to tell others about Gods message in many ways.
181CO15qy8cπάσῃ γνώσει1all knowledgeGod has enabled you to understand Gods message in many ways.
191CO16h9zkτὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐβεβαιώθη ἐν ὑμῖν1the testimony about Christ has been confirmed as true among youPossible meanings are 1) “you saw for yourselves that what we had said about Christ was true” or 2) “other people learned from seeing how you now live that what we and you say about Christ is true.”
201CO17t2hdὥστε1Therefore“Because what I have just said is true”
211CO17p5y6figs-litotesὑμᾶς μὴ ὑστερεῖσθαι ἐν μηδενὶ χαρίσματι1you lack no spiritual giftThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you have every spiritual gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
221CO17fe4qτὴν ἀποκάλυψιν τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1the revelation of our Lord Jesus ChristPossible meanings are 1) “the time when God will reveal the Lord Jesus Christ” or 2) “the time when our Lord Jesus Christ will reveal himself.”
231CO18pif5ἀνεγκλήτους1you will be blamelessThere will be no reason for God to condemn you.
241CO19u6w6πιστὸς ὁ Θεὸς1God is faithful“God will do everything he has said he will do”
251CO19kx3zguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesτοῦ Υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ1his SonThis is an important title for Jesus, the Son of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
261CO110spu80Connecting Statement:Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that they are to live in unity with each other and that the message of the cross of Christ, not baptism by people, is what saves.
271CO110k7gwἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
281CO110sw54figs-metonymyδιὰ τοῦ ὀνόματος τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ“Name” here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “by means of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
291CO110u4y2ἵνα τὸ αὐτὸ λέγητε πάντες1that you all agree“that you live in harmony with one another”
301CO110j75cκαὶ μὴ ᾖ ἐν ὑμῖν σχίσματα1that there be no divisions among you“that you do not divide into separate groups among yourselves”
311CO110emt2ἦτε…κατηρτισμένοι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ νοῒ καὶ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ γνώμῃ1be joined together with the same mind and by the same purpose“live in unity”
321CO111e8jbτῶν Χλόης1Chloes peopleThis refers to family members, servants, and others who are part of the household of which Chloe, a woman, is the head.
331CO111vbe6ἔριδες ἐν ὑμῖν εἰσιν1there are factions among you“you are in groups that quarrel one with another”
341CO112a57rἕκαστος ὑμῶν λέγει1Each one of you saysPaul is expressing a general attitude of division.
351CO113wf6rfigs-rquestionμεμέρισται ὁ Χριστός?1Is Christ divided?Paul wishes to emphasize the truth that Christ is not divided but one. “It is not possible to divide Christ in the way you are doing!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
361CO113g5qhfigs-rquestionμὴ Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν1Was Paul crucified for you?Paul wishes to emphasize that it was Christ, not Paul or Apollos, who was crucified. This can also be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It certainly was not Paul whom they put to death on the cross for your salvation!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
371CO113tb2ifigs-rquestionεἰς τὸ ὄνομα Παύλου ἐβαπτίσθητε?1Were you baptized in the name of Paul?Paul wishes to emphasize that we all are baptized in the name of Christ. This can also be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “It was not in the name of Paul that people baptized you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
381CO113zi1yfigs-metonymyεἰς τὸ ὄνομα Παύλου1in the name of Paul“In the name of” here is a metonym for “by the authority of.” Alternate translation: “by Pauls authority” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
391CO114hhh8οὐδένα ὑμῶν…εἰ μὴ1none of you, except“only”
401CO114vqq6translate-namesΚρίσπον1CrispusHe was a synagogue ruler who became a Christian. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
411CO114lv4ytranslate-namesΓάϊον1GaiusHe traveled with the Apostle Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
421CO115hv3mfigs-metonymyἵνα μή τις εἴπῃ, ὅτι εἰς τὸ ἐμὸν ὄνομα ἐβαπτίσθητε1This was so that no one would say that you were baptized into my nameHere “name” represents “authority.” This means Paul did not baptize others because they may claim that they became Pauls disciples. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For some of you might have claimed that I baptized you to make you my disciples” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
431CO116ed59translate-namesτὸν Στεφανᾶ οἶκον1the household of StephanasThis refers to the family members and slaves in the house where Stephanas, a man, was the head. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
441CO117tg7iοὐ…ἀπέστειλέν με Χριστὸς βαπτίζειν1Christ did not send me to baptizeThis means that baptism was not the primary goal of Pauls ministry.
451CO117zn1nfigs-activepassiveσοφίᾳ λόγου…μὴ κενωθῇ ὁ σταυρὸς τοῦ Χριστοῦ1clever speech…the cross of Christ should not be emptied of its powerPaul speaks of “words of human wisdom” as if they were people, the cross as a container, and of power as a physical thing that Jesus can put in that container. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “words of human wisdom…those words of human wisdom should not empty the cross of Christ of its power” or “words of human wisdom…people should not stop believing the message about Jesus and start thinking I am more important than Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
461CO118j7cw0Connecting Statement:Paul emphasizes Gods wisdom rather than mans wisdom.
471CO118fq4xὁ λόγος…ὁ τοῦ σταυροῦ1the message about the cross“the preaching about the crucifixion” or “the message of Christs dying on the cross”
481CO118p4wbμωρία ἐστίν1is foolishness“is senseless” or “is silly”
491CO118lq5zτοῖς μὲν ἀπολλυμένοις1to those who are dyingHere “dying” refers to the process of spiritual death.
501CO118ji74δύναμις Θεοῦ ἐστιν1it is the power of God“it is God working powerfully in us”
511CO119tc6nτὴν σύνεσιν τῶν συνετῶν ἀθετήσω1I will frustrate the understanding of the intelligent“I will confuse intelligent people” or “I will make the plans intelligent people make completely fail”
521CO120m6tffigs-rquestionποῦ σοφός? ποῦ γραμματεύς? ποῦ συνζητητὴς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου?1Where is the wise person? Where is the scholar? Where is the debater of this world?Paul emphasizes that truly wise people are nowhere to be found. Alternate translation: “Compared with the wisdom of the gospel, there are no wise people, no scholars, no debaters!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
531CO120rkf9γραμματεύς1the scholara person who is recognized as someone who has studied a great deal
541CO120u5j5συνζητητὴς1the debatera person who argues about what he knows or who is skilled in such arguments
551CO120a7zlfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ ἐμώρανεν ὁ Θεὸς τὴν σοφίαν τοῦ κόσμου?1Has not God turned the wisdom of the world into foolishness?Paul uses this question to emphasize what God has done to the wisdom of this world. Alternate translation: “God has shown that everything they call wisdom is really foolishness” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
561CO121d7xwτοὺς πιστεύοντας1those who believePossible meanings are 1) “all who believe the message” or 2) “all who believe in Christ.”
571CO122v9fafigs-exclusive0General Information:Here the word “we” refers to Paul and other Bible teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
581CO123ntu3figs-activepassiveΧριστὸν ἐσταυρωμένον1Christ crucified“about Christ, who died on a cross” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
591CO123krw3figs-metaphorσκάνδαλον1a stumbling blockJust as a person can stumble over a block on a road, so the message of salvation through the crucifixion of the Christ keeps Jews from believing in Jesus. Alternate translation: “not acceptable” or “very offensive” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
601CO124h7iwαὐτοῖς…τοῖς κλητοῖς1to those whom God has called“to the people God calls”
611CO124hu1sΧριστὸν Θεοῦ δύναμιν, καὶ Θεοῦ σοφίαν1Christ as the power and the wisdom of GodPossible meanings are 1) “God acted powerfully and wisely by sending Christ to die for us” or “through Christ God has shown how strong and wise he is.”
621CO124w9vmΘεοῦ δύναμιν1the power…of GodAnother possible meaning is that Christ is powerful and it is through Christ that God saves us.
631CO124p1huΘεοῦ σοφίαν1the wisdom of GodAnother possible meaning is that God shows the content of his wisdom through Christ.
641CO125h9hhfigs-ironyτὸ μωρὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, σοφώτερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐστίν, καὶ τὸ ἀσθενὲς τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἰσχυρότερον τῶν ἀνθρώπων1the foolishness of God is wiser than people, and the weakness of God is stronger than peoplePossible meanings are 1) Paul is speaking ironically about Gods foolishness and weakness. Paul knows God is not foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what seems to be the foolishness of God is wiser than peoples wisdom, and what seems to be the weakness of God is stronger than the peoples strength” or 2) Paul is speaking from the point of view of the Greek people who may think God is foolish or weak. Alternate translation: “what people call Gods foolishness is really wiser than what people call wisdom, and what people call Gods weakness is really stronger than peoples strength” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
651CO126ps3r0Connecting Statement:Paul emphasizes the believers position before God.
661CO126w6l1οὐ πολλοὶ1Not many of youThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Very few of you”
671CO126pws2σοφοὶ κατὰ σάρκα1wise according to the flesh“what most people would call wise”
681CO126w8rvεὐγενεῖς1of noble birth“special because your family is important”
691CO127qv5lfigs-parallelismἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός…τοὺς σοφούς…ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός…τὰ ἰσχυρά1God chose…wise. God chose…strongPaul repeats many of the same words in two sentences that mean almost the same thing to emphasize the difference between Gods way of doing things and how people think God should do them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
701CO127b5n6τὰ μωρὰ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός, ἵνα καταισχύνῃ τοὺς σοφούς1God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise“God chose to use those whom the world thinks are foolish to shame those whom the world thinks are wise”
711CO127tsv5τὰ ἀσθενῆ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελέξατο ὁ Θεός, ἵνα καταισχύνῃ τὰ ἰσχυρά1God chose what is weak in the world to shame what is strong“God chose to use those whom the world thinks are weak to shame those whom the world thinks are strong”
721CO128k3kdτὰ ἀγενῆ…καὶ τὰ ἐξουθενημένα1what is low and despisedthe people whom the world rejects. Alternate translation: “people who are humble and rejected”
731CO128ald1figs-activepassiveτὰ μὴ ὄντα1things that are regarded as nothingThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that which people usually regard as without value” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
741CO128gj19μὴ ὄντα, ἵνα τὰ ὄντα καταργήσῃ1nothing, to bring to nothing things that are held as valuable“nothing. He did this so he could show that the things that are held as valuable are really worthless”
751CO128f11pfigs-activepassiveτὰ μὴ ὄντα1things that are held as valuableThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “things that people think are worth money” or “things that people think are worth respect” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
761CO130fmr3ἐξ αὐτοῦ1because of himThis refers to the work of Christ on the cross.
771CO130a7bsfigs-inclusiveἡμῖν1usThese words refer to Paul, those with him, and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
781CO130f1atfigs-metonymyΧριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ὃς ἐγενήθη σοφία ἡμῖν ἀπὸ Θεοῦ1Christ Jesus, who was made for us wisdom from GodPossible meanings are 1) “Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is” or 2) “Christ Jesus, who has given us Gods wisdom.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
791CO131fym9ὁ καυχώμενος, ἐν Κυρίῳ καυχάσθω1Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord“If a person boasts, he should boast about how great the Lord is”
801CO2introk86p0# 1 Corinthians 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the words of verses 9 and 16, which are from the Old Testament.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Wisdom<br>Paul continues the discussion from the first chapter that contrasts human wisdom and Gods wisdom. For Paul, wisdom can be simple and human ideas foolish. He said the wisdom from the Holy Spirit is the only true wisdom. Paul uses the phrase “hidden wisdom” when he refers to previously unknown truths. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]])<br>
811CO21kjc70Connecting Statement:Paul contrasts human wisdom and Gods wisdom. He emphasizes that spiritual wisdom comes from God.
821CO21qvj7ἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
831CO22a2g9figs-hyperboleἔκρινά τι εἰδέναι…εἰ μὴ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν1I decided to know nothing…except Jesus ChristWhen Paul said that he “decided to know nothing” he exaggerated to emphasize that he decided focus on and teach about nothing other than Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “I decided to teach nothing…except Jesus Christ” or “I decided not to teach anything…except Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
841CO23s9lpκἀγὼ…ἐγενόμην πρὸς ὑμᾶς1I was with you“I was visiting with you”
851CO23e8liἐν ἀσθενείᾳ1in weaknessPossible meanings are: 1) “physically weak” or 2) “feeling like I could not do what I needed to do.”
861CO24z81aπειθοῖς σοφίας λόγοις1persuasive words of wisdomwords that sound wise and with which the speaker hopes to cause people to do or believe something
871CO26sg760General Information:Paul interrupts his main argument to explain what he means by “wisdom” and to whom he desires to speak.
881CO26azm7δὲ λαλοῦμεν1Now we do speakThe word “Now” is used here to mark a break in the main teaching. Paul begins to explain that true wisdom is Gods wisdom.
891CO26uka3figs-abstractnounsσοφίαν…λαλοῦμεν1speak wisdomThe abstract noun “wisdom” can be stated as the adjective, “wise.” Alternate translation: “speak wise words” or “speak a wise message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
901CO26eq1qτοῖς τελείοις1the mature“mature believers”
911CO27k2ctπρὸ τῶν αἰώνων1before the ages“before God created anything”
921CO27q2z9εἰς δόξαν ἡμῶν1for our glory“in order to ensure our future glory”
931CO28zc89τὸν Κύριον τῆς δόξης1the Lord of glory“Jesus, the glorious Lord”
941CO29fu1yἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ…ἀνέβη, ἃ…ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν1Things that no eye…arisen, the things…who love himThis is an incomplete sentence. Some translations make it a complete sentence: “Things that no eye…imagined; these are the things…who love him.” Others leave it incomplete but show that it is incomplete by using non-final punctuation here and beginning the next verse as a continuation of this verse: “Things that no eye…imagined, the things…who love him—”
951CO29j9ibfigs-metonymyἃ ὀφθαλμὸς οὐκ εἶδεν, καὶ οὖς οὐκ ἤκουσεν, καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη1Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has imaginedThis is a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
961CO29t61vἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ Θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν1the things that God has prepared for those who love himThe Lord has created in heaven wonderful surprises for those who love him.
971CO211h4p8figs-rquestionτίς γὰρ οἶδεν ἀνθρώπων τὰ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, εἰ μὴ τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τὸ ἐν αὐτῷ?1For who knows a persons thoughts except the spirit of the person in him?Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows what a person is thinking except the person himself. Alternate translation: “No one knows what a person is thinking except that persons spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
981CO211i47dτὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου1spirit of the personThis refers to a persons inner being, his own spiritual nature.
991CO211gw3ufigs-doublenegativesτὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ οὐδεὶς ἔγνωκεν, εἰ μὴ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ1no one knows the deep things of God except the Spirit of GodThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “only the Spirit of God knows the deep things of God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1001CO212zbv8figs-inclusive0General Information:Here the word “we” includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1011CO212n1c7figs-activepassiveὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ χαρισθέντα ἡμῖν1freely given to us by GodThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that God freely gave to us” or “that God has kindly given us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1021CO213u797ἐν διδακτοῖς Πνεύματος, πνευματικοῖς πνευματικὰ συνκρίνοντες1The Spirit interprets spiritual words with spiritual wisdomThe Holy Spirit communicates Gods truth to believers in the Spirits own words and gives them his own wisdom.
1031CO213yg45ἐν διδακτοῖς Πνεύματος, πνευματικοῖς πνευματικὰ συνκρίνοντες1The Spirit interprets spiritual words with spiritual wisdom“The Spirit explains uses his own spiritual wisdom to explain spiritual words”
1041CO214cve2figs-inclusive0General Information:Here the word “we” includes both Paul and his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
1051CO214hq3uψυχικὸς…ἄνθρωπος1unspiritual personthe non-Christian person, who has not received the Holy Spirit
1061CO214gwe3ὅτι πνευματικῶς ἀνακρίνεται1because they are spiritually discerned“because understanding these things requires the aid of the Spirit”
1071CO215w4q7ὁ…πνευματικὸς1the one who is spiritual“The believer who has received the Spirit”
1081CO216m4pufigs-rquestionτίς γὰρ ἔγνω νοῦν Κυρίου, ὃς συμβιβάσει αὐτόν?1For who can know the mind of the Lord, that he can instruct him?Paul uses this question to emphasize that no one knows the mind of the Lord. No one is as wise as the Lord. Alternate translation: “No one can know the mind of the Lord, so no one can teach him anything he does not already know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1091CO3introg6ku0# 1 Corinthians 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verses 19 and 20.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Fleshly people<br>The Corinthian believers were immature because of their unrighteous actions. He calls them “fleshly,” meaning acting as nonbelievers. This term is used in opposition to those who are “spiritual.” Christians following their “flesh” are acting foolishly. They are following the wisdom of the world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/flesh]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>There are many metaphors in this chapter. Paul uses “babies” and “milk” to illustrate spiritual immaturity. He uses the metaphors of planting and watering to describe the roles he and Apollos played in growing the church in Corinth. Paul uses other metaphors to help teach spiritual truths to the Corinthians and to help them to understand his teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1101CO31a43d0Connecting Statement:Paul now reminds the Corinthian believers of how they are actually living instead of behaving as their position before God is. He then reminds them that the person who teaches them is not as important as God who gives their growth.
1111CO31r4iwἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1121CO31jx17πνευματικοῖς1spiritual peoplepeople who obey the Spirit
1131CO31r5w5σαρκίνοις1fleshly peoplepeople who follow their own desires
1141CO31ja6tfigs-metaphorὡς νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ1as to little children in ChristThe Corinthians are compared to children very young in age and understanding. Alternate translation: “as to very young believers in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1151CO32vg2vfigs-metaphorγάλα ὑμᾶς ἐπότισα, οὐ βρῶμα1I fed you milk, not solid foodThe Corinthians can understand only easy truths like babies who can drink only milk. They are not mature enough to understand greater truths like older children who now can eat solid food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1161CO32vt3efigs-explicitοὐδὲ νῦν δύνασθε1you are not yet readyIt is implied that they are not ready to understand more difficult teachings. Alternate translation: “you still are not ready to understand the harder teachings about following Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1171CO33m712ἔτι…σαρκικοί1still fleshlystill behaving according to sinful or worldly desires
1181CO33k5llfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ σαρκικοί ἐστε καὶ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον περιπατεῖτε?1are you not living according to the flesh, and are you not walking by human standards?Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. “Walking” here is a metaphor for “judging your behavior,” deciding what is good and bad. Alternate translation: “you should be ashamed because you are behaving according to your sinful desires and you are using human standards to decide whether your behavior is good or bad!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1191CO34s96gfigs-rquestionοὐκ ἄνθρωποί ἐστε?1are you not living as human beings?Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “you should be ashamed because you are living the same way people who do not have the Spirit live” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1201CO35m463figs-rquestionτί οὖν ἐστιν Ἀπολλῶς? τί δέ ἐστιν Παῦλος?1Who then is Apollos? And who is Paul?Paul is emphasizing that he and Apollos are not the original source of the gospel, and therefore the Corinthians should not follow them. Alternate translation: “It is wrong to form groups to follow Apollos or Paul!” or (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1211CO35lq6nfigs-rquestionτί δέ ἐστιν Παῦλος?1And who is Paul?Paul is speaking of himself as though he were speaking of someone else. Alternate translation: “I am not important!” or “Who am I?” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1221CO35qmy2figs-ellipsisδιάκονοι δι’ ὧν ἐπιστεύσατε1Servants through whom you believedPaul answers his own question by saying that he and Apollos are Gods servants. Alternate translation: “Paul and Apollos are servants of Christ, and you believed in Christ because we served him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1231CO35f6wmfigs-ellipsisδιάκονοι δι’ ὧν ἐπιστεύσατε, καὶ ἑκάστῳ ὡς ὁ Κύριος ἔδωκεν1Servants through whom you believed, to each of whom the Lord gave tasksThis can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “We are servants through whom youbelieved. We are only people to whom the Lord gave tasks” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1241CO36iah7figs-metaphorἐγὼ ἐφύτευσα1I plantedThe knowledge of God is compared to a seed which must be planted in order to grow. Alternate translation: “When I preached Gods word to you, I was like one who plants seeds in a garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1251CO36gyi5figs-metaphorἈπολλῶς ἐπότισεν1Apollos wateredAs seeds need water, faith needs further teaching in order for it to grow. Alternate translation: “and when Apollos continued to teach you Gods word, he was like one who waters a garden” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1261CO36iq9nfigs-metaphorἀλλὰ ὁ Θεὸς ηὔξανεν1but God gave the growthAs plants grow and develop, so faith and knowledge in God also grow and become deeper and stronger. Alternate translation: “but God caused you to grow” or “but just as God causes plants to grow, he causes you to grow spiritually” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1271CO37dl3zοὔτε ὁ φυτεύων ἐστίν τι…ἀλλ’ ὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός1neither he who plants is anything…but God is the one who causes the growthPaul stresses that neither he nor Apollos is responsible for the believers spiritual growth, but it is Gods doing.
1281CO37c68gfigs-abstractnounsὁ αὐξάνων, Θεός1but God is the one who causes the growthHere to give growth means to cause growth. The abstract noun “growth” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “it is God who causes you to grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1291CO38s16bfigs-metaphorὁ φυτεύων…καὶ ὁ ποτίζων, ἕν εἰσιν1he who plants and he who waters are onePaul speaks of telling people the good news and teaching those who have accepted it as if they were planting and watering plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1301CO38za43ἕν εἰσιν1are onePossible meanings are “one” are 1) “united in purpose” or 2) “equal in importance.”
1311CO38zd36μισθὸν1wagesan amount of money that a worker receives for his work
1321CO39gj26figs-exclusiveἐσμεν1we are brutally beatenThis refers to Paul and Apollos but not the Corinthian church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1331CO39r9snΘεοῦ…συνεργοί1Gods fellow workersPaul considers himself and Apollos as working together.
1341CO39lqg1figs-metaphorΘεοῦ γεώργιον1Gods gardenPossible meanings are 1) being Gods garden represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that belongs to God” or 2) being Gods garden represents God causing us to grow. Alternate translation: “You are like a garden that God makes grow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1351CO39l2fqfigs-metaphorΘεοῦ οἰκοδομή1Gods buildingPossible meanings are 1) being Gods building represents belonging to God. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that belongs to God” or 2) being Gods building represents God causing us to become what he wants. Alternate translation: “and you are like a building that God is constructing” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1361CO310iln9figs-activepassiveκατὰ τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι1According to the grace of God that was given to meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “According to the task that God freely gave me to do” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1371CO310a69qfigs-metaphorθεμέλιον ἔθηκα1I laid a foundationPaul equates his teaching of faith and salvation in Jesus Christ to laying a foundation for a building. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1381CO310pwi7figs-metaphorἄλλος…ἐποικοδομεῖ1another is building on itPaul is referring to the person or people who are teaching the Corinthians at that time as if they are carpenters who are constructing the building above the foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1391CO310px9cἕκαστος1each manThis refers to Gods workers in general. Alternate translation: “let each person who serves God”
1401CO311jt2bfigs-activepassiveθεμέλιον…ἄλλον οὐδεὶς δύναται θεῖναι, παρὰ τὸν κείμενον1no one can lay a foundation other than the one that has been laidThis can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “no one can lay a foundation other than the foundation that I, Paul, have laid” or “I have already laid the only foundation that anyone can lay” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1411CO312np7c0General Information:Paul speaks of what builders usually do when constructing a building to describe what the teachers in Corinth are actually doing. Builders usually only use gold, silver, or precious stones as decorations on buildings.
1421CO312nbu2figs-metaphorεἰ δέ τις ἐποικοδομεῖ ἐπὶ τὸν θεμέλιον χρυσόν, ἄργυρον, λίθους τιμίους, ξύλα, χόρτον, καλάμην1Now if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, or strawThe building materials used to build a new building are being compared to the spiritual values used to build a persons behavior and activities during his lifetime. Alternate translation: “Whether a person builds with valuable materials that will last or with cheap materials that burn easily” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1431CO312i14yλίθους τιμίους1precious stones“expensive stones”
1441CO313t2mkfigs-activepassiveἑκάστου τὸ ἔργον φανερὸν γενήσεται1his work will be revealedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will show everyone what the builder has done” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1451CO313mv14figs-metaphorἡ γὰρ ἡμέρα δηλώσει1for the daylight will reveal itThe “daylight” here is a metaphor for the time when God will judge everyone. When God shows everyone what these teachers have done, it will be like the sun has come up to reveal what happened during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1461CO313ndu3figs-metaphorὅτι ἐν πυρὶ ἀποκαλύπτεται; καὶ ἑκάστου τὸ ἔργον, ὁποῖόν ἐστιν, τὸ πῦρ αὐτὸ δοκιμάσει1For it will be revealed in fire. The fire will test the quality of what each one had doneJust as fire will reveal the strengths or destroy the weaknesses of a building, Gods fire will judge mans efforts and activities. Alternate translation: “God will use fire to show the quality of his work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1471CO314t8yv0General Information:The terms “a person” and “anyones” and “he” and “himself” refer to believers.
1481CO314s4u3τὸ ἔργον μενεῖ1work remains“work lasts” or “work survives”
1491CO315c2xjfigs-activepassiveεἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον κατακαήσεται1if anyones work is burned upThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if the fire destroys anyones work” or “if the fire ruins anyones work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1501CO315ups4figs-abstractnounsζημιωθήσεται1he will suffer lossThe abstract noun “loss” can be expressed with the verb “lose.” Alternate translation: “he will lose his reward” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1511CO315w1zvfigs-activepassiveαὐτὸς δὲ σωθήσεται1but he himself will be savedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but God will save him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1521CO316uq2gfigs-rquestionοὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ναὸς Θεοῦ ἐστε, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τοῦ Θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν?1Do you not know that you are Gods temple and that the Spirit of God lives in you?Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You act as though you do not know that you are Gods temple and the Spirit of God lives in you!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1531CO318glg8μηδεὶς ἑαυτὸν ἐξαπατάτω1Let no one deceive himselfNobody should believe the lie that he himself is wise in this world.
1541CO318p3wiἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ1in this ageaccording to the way people who do not believe decide what is wise
1551CO318s7xifigs-ironyμωρὸς γενέσθω1let him become a “fool”“that person should be willing to have people who do not believe call him a fool” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1561CO319zws3ὁ δρασσόμενος τοὺς σοφοὺς ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾳ αὐτῶν1He catches the wise in their craftinessGod traps the people who think they are clever and uses their own schemes to trap them.
1571CO320la6xΚύριος γινώσκει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τῶν σοφῶν, ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι1The Lord knows that the reasoning of the wise is futile“The Lord knows that what people who think they are wise plan to do is futile”
1581CO320kz2uμάταιοι1futileuseless
1591CO323nj48ὑμεῖς δὲ Χριστοῦ, Χριστὸς δὲ Θεοῦ1you are Christs, and Christ is Gods“you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God”
1601CO4introvg5z0# 1 Corinthians 04 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Pride<br>Paul contrasts the Corinthians being proud with the apostles being humble. The Corinthian believers had no reason to be proud. All that they had, and all they were, was a gift from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/apostle]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphors<br>Paul uses many metaphors in this chapter. He describes the apostles as servants. Paul speaks of a victory parade where the apostles are the prisoners who will be killed. He uses a rod to stand for punishment. He calls himself their father because he is their “spiritual father.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/spirit]])<br><br>### Irony<br>Paul uses irony to shame the Corinthians for being proud. The Corinthian believers are reigning but the apostles are suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
1611CO41k1v50Connecting Statement:Having just reminded the people not to be proud concerning who taught them about the Lord and who had baptized them, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that all believers are to be humble servants.
1621CO42th8efigs-123personὧδε λοιπὸν ζητεῖται ἐν τοῖς οἰκονόμοις1what is required of stewardsPaul is speaking of himself as if he were speaking about other people. Alternate translation: “we are required to be” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1631CO43k6ncἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν, ἵνα ὑφ’ ὑμῶν ἀνακριθῶ1it is a very small thing that I should be judged by youPaul is comparing the difference between human judgment and Gods judgment. Mans judgment is not important compared to Gods true judgment upon man.
1641CO44u9jdοὐδὲν…ἐμαυτῷ σύνοιδα1I am not aware of any charge being made against me“I have not heard anyone accuse me of doing wrong”
1651CO44h3wlοὐκ ἐν τούτῳ δεδικαίωμαι; ὁ δὲ ἀνακρίνων με Κύριός ἐστιν1that does not mean I am innocent. It is the Lord who judges me“that lack of accusation does not prove I am innocent. The Lord knows if I am innocent or guilty”
1661CO45qi3gὥστε1Therefore“Because what I have just said is true”
1671CO45wl3ifigs-metaphorὃς καὶ φωτίσει τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους, καὶ φανερώσει τὰς βουλὰς τῶν καρδιῶν1He will bring to light the hidden things of darkness and reveal the purposes of the heartHere “bring to light the hidden things of darkness” is a metaphor for making known to everyone things that were done in secret. Here “heart” is a metonym for peoples thoughts and intentions. Alternate translation: “Like a light that shines on things in darkness, God will show what people have secretly done and what they secretly planned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1681CO46ijn5ἀδελφοί1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
1691CO46ziz9δι’ ὑμᾶς1for your sakes“for your welfare”
1701CO47fnu3figs-youσε…ἔχεις…ἔλαβες…ἔλαβες…καυχᾶσαι…λαβών1between you…do you have that you did not…you have freely…do you boast…you had notPaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1711CO47gtb5figs-rquestionτίς γάρ σε διακρίνει?1For who makes you superior?Paul is rebuking the Corinthians who think they are better than those who heard the gospel from someone else. Alternate translation: “For there is no difference between you and others.” or “For you are not superior to other people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1721CO47r6ywfigs-rquestionτί δὲ ἔχεις ὃ οὐκ ἔλαβες?1What do you have that you did not freely receive?Paul uses this question to emphasize that they did not earn the things they have. Alternate translation: “Everything that you have is what you have freely received.” or “God gave to you everything that you have for free!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1731CO47e8l2figs-rquestionτί καυχᾶσαι ὡς μὴ λαβών?1why do you boast as if you had not done so?Paul was rebuking them for boasting in what they had. Alternate translation: “you should not boast as if you had not done so.” or “you have no right to boast!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1741CO47rqd7ὡς μὴ λαβών1as if you did not receive itThe phrase “done so” refers to freeling receiving what they had. Alternate translation: “as you had not freely received it” or “as if you had earned it”
1751CO48yp8sfigs-irony0General Information:Paul uses irony here to shame the Corinthians and make them realize that they are sinning when they are proud of themselves and their teachers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1761CO49bb41figs-parallelismὁ Θεὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν1God has put us apostles on displayPaul expresses two ways how God has put his apostles on display for the world to see. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1771CO49vfq3figs-metaphorἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστόλους…ἀπέδειξεν1has put us apostles on displayGod has displayed the apostles just like prisoners at the end of a Roman military parade, who are humiliated before their execution. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1781CO49cs4rfigs-metaphorὡς ἐπιθανατίους1like men sentenced to deathGod put the apostles on display like men who are about to be executed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1791CO49cqh4figs-merismτῷ κόσμῳ, καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις1to the world—to angels, and to human beingsPossible meanings are 1) “the world” consists of both supernatural (“angels”) and natural (“human beings”) or 2) the list consists of three items: “to the world, to angels, and to human beings.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1801CO410fkw2figs-ironyἡμεῖς μωροὶ…ἄτιμοι1We are fools…in dishonorPaul uses irony to shame the Corinthians so they will think about what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
1811CO410wqh7ὑμεῖς ἔνδοξοι1You are held in honor“People treat you Corinthians as though you are important people”
1821CO410z22cἡμεῖς…ἄτιμοι1we are held in dishonor“people shame us apostles”
1831CO411i298ἄχρι τῆς ἄρτι ὥρας1Up to this present hour“Until now” or “Up to now”
1841CO411jj2yfigs-activepassiveκολαφιζόμεθα1we are brutally beatenThis refers to hitting with the hand, not with whips or clubs. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “people beat us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1851CO411yhf4ἀστατοῦμεν1we are homelessPaul means that they had places to stay, but they had to move around from place to place. They had no fixed home.
1861CO412n389figs-activepassiveλοιδορούμενοι, εὐλογοῦμεν1When we are reviled, we blessThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When people revile us, we bless them” or “When people scorn us, we bless them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1871CO412kue7figs-activepassiveδιωκόμενοι1When we are persecutedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When people persecute us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1881CO413a6hpfigs-activepassiveδυσφημούμενοι1When we are slanderedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When people slander us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1891CO413xz66ὡς περικαθάρματα τοῦ κόσμου ἐγενήθημεν, πάντων περίψημα ἕως ἄρτι1We have become as the scum of the world and the refuse all things, even until now“People began to consider us—and they still consider us—to be the garbage of the world”
1901CO414k1atοὐκ ἐντρέπων ὑμᾶς γράφω ταῦτα, ἀλλ’…νουθετῶ1I do not write these things to shame you, but to correct you“I do not intend to shame you, but to improve you” or “I am not trying to shame you, but I want to correct you”
1911CO414t8jcνουθετῶ1correcttell someone that what they are doing is wrong and will cause bad things to happen
1921CO414ruu5figs-metaphorτέκνα μου ἀγαπητὰ1my beloved childrenBecause Paul had led the Corinthians to Christ, they are like his spiritual children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1931CO415n8c1figs-hyperboleμυρίους παιδαγωγοὺς1ten thousand guardiansThis is an exaggeration of the number of people guiding them, to emphasize the importance of the one spiritual father. Alternate translation: “very many guardians” or “a large crowd of guardians” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1941CO415m9ekἐν…Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ διὰ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, ἐγὼ ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα1I became your father in Christ Jesus through the gospelPaul is emphasizing firstly that his relationship with the Corinthians is most importantly “in Christ,” secondly that it came because he told them the good news, and thirdly that he is the one who is like a father to them. Alternate translation: “it was because God joined you to Christ when I told you the good news that I was the one who became your father”
1951CO415n9hpfigs-metaphorἐγὼ ὑμᾶς ἐγέννησα1I became your fatherBecause Paul had led the Corinthians to Christ, he is like a father to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1961CO417hi7wμου τέκνον, ἀγαπητὸν καὶ πιστὸν ἐν Κυρίῳ1my beloved and faithful child in the Lord“whom I love and whom I teach about the Lord as if he were my own child”
1971CO418v4fnδέ1NowThis word indicates that Paul is shifting his topic to rebuking the arrogant behavior of the Corinthian believers.
1981CO419jdk5ἐλεύσομαι…πρὸς ὑμᾶς1I will come to you“I will visit you”
1991CO421ix5gfigs-rquestionτί θέλετε?1What do you want?Paul was making a last appeal to the Corinthians, as he has been rebuking them for the errors they had made. Alternate translation: “Tell me what you want to happen now” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2001CO421wv61figs-rquestionἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔλθω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἢ ἐν ἀγάπῃ, πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος?1Shall I come to you with a rod or with love and in a spirit of gentleness?Paul is offering the Corinthians two opposing attitudes he could use when approaching them. Alternate translation: “If you want, I can come to punish you, or I can come to show you how much I love you by being gentle with you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2011CO421ix7lπραΰτητος1of gentleness“of kindness” or “of tenderness”
2021CO5introvb3l0# 1 Corinthians 05 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Some translations set quotations from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page to make them easier to read. The ULT does this with the quoted words of verse 13.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemisms<br><br>Paul uses euphemisms to describe sensitive topics. This chapter deals with sexual immorality of one church member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/fornication]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Paul uses an extended comparison using many metaphors. Yeast represents evil. The loaf probably represents the whole congregation. The unleavened bread represents living purely. So the whole passage means: Dont you know that a little evil will affect the whole congregation? So get rid of the evil so you can live purely. Christ has been sacrificed for us. So let us be sincere and truthful and not wicked and behaving badly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/unleavenedbread]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/purify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/passover]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
2031CO51e66c0Connecting Statement:Paul now specifically states about what sin of theirs he has heard, and how the Corinthian believers are proud of their acceptance of that man and his sin.
2041CO51dlj2figs-activepassiveἥτις οὐδὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν1which does not even exist among the GentilesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that not even the Gentiles permit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2051CO51b9xnγυναῖκά τινα τοῦ πατρὸς ἔχειν1a man has his fathers wife“A man among you is commiting adultery with his fathers wife”
2061CO51lxp1γυναῖκά…πατρὸς1fathers wifethe wife of his father, but probably not his own mother
2071CO52zk7gfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἐπενθήσατε1Should you not mourn instead?This rhetorical question is used to scold the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should mourn over this instead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2081CO52rr93figs-activepassiveἵνα ἀρθῇ ἐκ μέσου ὑμῶν ὁ, τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο ποιήσας1The one who did this must be removed from among youThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “You must remove the one who did this from among you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2091CO53xm4eπαρὼν…τῷ πνεύματι1I am present in spirit“I am with you in spirit.” Being with them in spirit represents caring about them or wanting to be with them. Alternate translation: “I care about you” or “I want to be with you”
2101CO53ax3uἤδη κέκρικα…τὸν οὕτως τοῦτο κατεργασάμενον1I have already passed judgment on the one who did thisPossible meanings are 1) “I have decided what you should do with the one who did this” or 2) “I have found the person who did this guilty”
2111CO54m9yzσυναχθέντων ὑμῶν1When you are assembled“When you are together” or “When you meet together”
2121CO54t83dfigs-metonymyἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ1in the name of our Lord JesusPossible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate translation: “with the authority of our Lord Jesus” or 2) being assembled in the Lords name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate translation: “to worship our Lord Jesus” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2131CO55xcf6figs-metaphorπαραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ Σατανᾷ1hand this man over to SatanHanding the man over to Satan represents not allowing the man to be part of their group so that Satan would be allowed to harm him. Alternate translation: “make this man leave your group so that Satan can harm him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2141CO55nq4yfigs-metaphorεἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός1for the destruction of the fleshPossible meanings are 1) “flesh” refers to his physical body. Alternate translation: “so that Satan may harm his body” or 2) “flesh” is a metaphor for the sinful nature. Alternate translation: “so that his sinful nature will be destroyed” or “so that he will not continue to live according to his sinful nature” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2151CO55z2clfigs-activepassiveἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ Κυρίου1so that his spirit may be saved on the day of the LordThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that God may save his spirit on the day of the Lord” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2161CO56h2hkοὐ καλὸν τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν1Your boasting is not good“Your boasting is bad”
2171CO56ng4mfigs-metaphorοὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι μικρὰ ζύμη, ὅλον τὸ φύραμα ζυμοῖ?1Do you not know that a little yeast leavens the whole loaf?Just as a little yeast spreads throughout a whole loaf of bread, so can a little sin impact the entire fellowship of believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2181CO57ret3figs-metaphorτὸ Πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη, Χριστός1Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificedAs the Passover lamb covered the sins of Israel by faith each year, so did Christs death cover the sins of all who trust in Christ by faith for eternity. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord has sacrificed Christ, our Passover lamb” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2191CO59nrb4πόρνοις1sexually immoral peopleThis refers to people who claim to believe in Christ but behave in this manner.
2201CO510xp48τοῖς πόρνοις τοῦ κόσμου τούτου1the immoral people of this worldpeople who have chosen to live an immoral lifestyle, who are not believers
2211CO510taf5τοῖς πλεονέκταις1the greedy“those who are greedy” or “those who are willing to be dishonest to get what others have”
2221CO510hu63ἅρπαξιν1swindlersThis means people who cheat to get others property.
2231CO510m59jὠφείλετε…ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελθεῖν1you would need to go out of the world“you would need to avoid all people”
2241CO511wcm20Connecting Statement:Paul tells them how to treat believers in the church who refuse to be corrected for their involvement in sexual immorality and other obvious sins before others.
2251CO511w9w8τις…ὀνομαζόμενος1anyone who is called“anyone who calls himself”
2261CO511b4usἀδελφὸς1brotherHere this means a fellow Christian, either a man or a woman.
2271CO512xeu7figs-rquestionτί…μοι τοὺς ἔξω κρίνειν?1how am I involved with judging those who are outside the church?Paul is emphasizing that he is not the one to judge people outside the church. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am not the one who should judge people who do not belong to the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2281CO512m4s6figs-rquestionοὐχὶ τοὺς ἔσω ὑμεῖς κρίνετε?1Are you not to judge those inside?Paul is scolding the Corinthians. “you should know that you are the ones who should judge those who are inside the church” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2291CO6intros6hb0# 1 Corinthians 06 General Notes<br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Lawsuits<br><br>Paul teaches that a Christian should not take another Christian to court before a non-Christian judge. It is better to be cheated. Christians will judge the angels. So they should be able to solve problems among themselves. It is especially bad to use a court to cheat another believer. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The temple of the Holy Spirit is an important metaphor. It refers to the place where the Holy Spirit stays and is worshiped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
2301CO61hv790Connecting Statement:Paul then explains how believers are to settle disagreements with other believers.
2311CO61q5d3πρᾶγμα1disputedisagreement or argument
2321CO61gmy5figs-rquestionτολμᾷ…κρίνεσθαι…τῶν ἁγίων?1does he dare to go…saints?Paul is emphasizing that Christians must resolve disagreements among themselves. Alternate translation: “he should not dare to go…saints!” or “he should be fear God and not go…saints!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2331CO62i1m5figs-rquestionἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ ἅγιοι τὸν κόσμον κρινοῦσιν?1Or do you not know that the believers will judge the world?Paul is shaming the Corinthians for acting like they do not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2341CO62i67ffigs-rquestionκαὶ εἰ ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος, ἀνάξιοί ἐστε κριτηρίων ἐλαχίστων?1If then, you will judge the world, are you not able to settle matters of little importance?Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “you will judge the world in the future, so you should be able to settle this matter now.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2351CO63h374βιωτικά1matters of this life“stop arguments about things that have to do with this life”
2361CO63us55figs-rquestionοὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἀγγέλους κρινοῦμεν1Do you not know that we will judge the angels?Paul is surprised that they do not seem to know. Alternate translation: “You know that we will judge the angels.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2371CO63v5r5figs-inclusiveκρινοῦμεν1we will judgePaul includes himself and the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
2381CO63x6h3figs-rquestionμήτι γε βιωτικά?1How much more, then, can we judge matters of this life?Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. Alternate translation: “Because we know we will judge the angels, we can also be sure that God will enable us to judge matters in this life.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2391CO64vw5tfigs-rquestionβιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?1If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life, why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?Possible meanings are 1) this is a rhetorical question or 2) this is a statement, “When in the past you have settled matters that are important in this life, you have not handed off disputes between Christians to be settled by unbelievers” or 3) this is a command, “When you settle matters that are important in this life, it is even to those who have no standing in the church that you should hand off disputes to be settled!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2401CO64xn32βιωτικὰ μὲν οὖν κριτήρια ἐὰν ἔχητε, τοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?1If then you have to make judgments that pertain to daily life“If you are called upon to make decisions about daily life” or “If you must settle matters that are important in this life”
2411CO64e791figs-rquestionτοὺς ἐξουθενημένους ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τούτους καθίζετε?1why do you lay such cases as these before those who have no standing in the church?Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for how they are handling these cases. Possible meanings are that 1) “you should stop giving such cases to people who are outside the church.” or 2) “you could give such cases even to members of the church who are not well regarded by other believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2421CO65b2vyπρὸς ἐντροπὴν ὑμῖν1to your shame“to your dishonor” or “to show how you have failed in this matter”
2431CO65fue4figs-rquestionοὕτως οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν οὐδεὶς σοφὸς, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ?1Is there no one among you wise enough to settle a dispute between brothers?Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You should be ashamed that you cannot find a wise believer to settle arguments between believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2441CO65l1hdτοῦ ἀδελφοῦ1brothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
2451CO65h8svδιακρῖναι1to settle a disputeargument or disagreement
2461CO66m7lsἀλλὰ ἀδελφὸς μετὰ ἀδελφοῦ κρίνεται, καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ ἀπίστων?1But brother goes to court against brother, and this before unbelievers!“believers who have disputes with each other ask unbelieving judges to make decisions for them”
2471CO67sv9jἤδη…ἥττημα…ἐστιν1is already a defeat“is already a failure”
2481CO67tn9mfigs-rquestionδιὰ τί οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἀδικεῖσθε? διὰ τί οὐχὶ μᾶλλον ἀποστερεῖσθε?1Why not rather suffer the wrong? Why not rather allow yourselves to be cheated?Paul continues to shame the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “It would be better to let others wrong you and cheat you than to take them to court.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2491CO68kk7bἀδελφούς1your own brothersAll believers in Christ are brothers and sisters of each other. “your own fellow believers”
2501CO69h17lfigs-rquestionἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι1Or do you not know thatPaul emphasizes that they should already know this truth. Alternate translation: “You already know that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2511CO69t1rtfigs-metaphorκληρονομήσουσιν1will inheritReceiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2521CO69vqx4Θεοῦ Βασιλείαν οὐ κληρονομήσουσιν1will not inherit the kingdom of GodGod will not judge them as righteous at the judgment, and they will not enter eternal life.
2531CO69h2nafigs-merismμαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται1male prostitutes, those who practice homosexualityPossible meanings are 1) this is a merism for all homosexual activity or 2) Paul is naming two different activities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2541CO69blc7μαλακοὶ, οὔτε ἀρσενοκοῖται1male prostitutesPossible meanings are 1) men who allow other men to sleep with them or 2) men who allow men who pay them to sleep with them or 3) men who allow other men to sleep with them as part of a religious activity.
2551CO69qja8ἀρσενοκοῖται1those who practice homosexualitymen who sleep with other men
2561CO610f7gpκλέπται1thievespeople who steal from others
2571CO610bgj9πλεονέκται1the greedypeople who are willing to use evil means to take others property
2581CO611v5yqfigs-activepassiveἀπελούσασθε1you have been cleansedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has cleansed you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2591CO611u8klfigs-activepassiveἡγιάσθητε1you have been sanctifiedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has set you apart for himself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2601CO611gnr6figs-activepassiveἐδικαιώθητε1you were justifiedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has made you right with him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2611CO611s55xfigs-metonymyἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ1in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ“Name” here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2621CO612sw2e0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds the Corinthian believers that God wants them pure because Christ has bought them with his death. Their bodies are now Gods temple. He does so by saying what the Corinthians might say and then correcting them.
2631CO612r4mxπάντα μοι ἔξεστιν1Everything is lawful for mePossible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, I can do anything” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.”
2641CO612q7dcἀλλ’ οὐ πάντα συμφέρει1but not everything is beneficialPaul is answering whoever says, “Everything is lawful for me.” Alternate translation: “but not everything is good for me”
2651CO612c8vzfigs-activepassiveοὐκ ἐγὼ ἐξουσιασθήσομαι ὑπό τινος1I will not be mastered by any of themThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow these things to rule over me like a master” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2661CO613jz55τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει1“Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but God will do away with both of themPossible meanings are 1) Paul is correcting what some Corinthians might be thinking, “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” by answering that God will do away with both the stomach and food or 2) Paul actually agrees that “food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for food,” but he is adding that God will do away with both of them.
2671CO613jta4τὰ βρώματα τῇ κοιλίᾳ, καὶ ἡ κοιλία τοῖς βρώμασιν; ὁ δὲ Θεὸς καὶ ταύτην καὶ ταῦτα καταργήσει1Food is for the stomach, and the stomach is for foodOne possible meanings is that the speaker is speaking indirectly of the body and sex, but you should translate this literally as “stomach” and “food.”
2681CO613uc1vκαταργήσει1do away with“destroy”
2691CO614ev9lτὸν Κύριον ἤγειρεν1raised the Lord“caused the Lord to live again”
2701CO615gt2xfigs-metaphorοὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν μέλη Χριστοῦ ἐστιν?1Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ?The word translated as “members” refers to parts of a body. Our belonging to Christ is spoken of as if we were parts of his body. We belong to him so much that even our bodies belong to him. Paul uses this question to remind the people of something they should already know. Alternate translation: “You should know that your bodies belong to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2711CO615f4vdfigs-rquestionἄρας οὖν τὰ μέλη τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ποιήσω πόρνης μέλη? μὴ γένοιτο!1Shall I then take away the members of Christ and join them to a prostitute? May it not be!Paul uses this question to emphasize how wrong it is for someone who belongs to Christ to go to a prostitute. Alternate translation: “I am part of Christ. I will not take my body and join myself to a prostitute!” or “We are parts of Christs body. We must not take our bodies and join ourselves to prostitutes!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2721CO615kmt2μὴ γένοιτο1May it not be!“That should never happen!” or “We must never do that!”
2731CO616seg6figs-rquestionἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι…σῶμά ἐστιν?1Do you not know that…her?Paul begins to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing a truth that they already know. “I want to remind you that…her.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2741CO616z54kfigs-activepassiveὁ κολλώμενος τῇ πόρνῃ, ἓν σῶμά ἐστιν1he who is joined to a prostitute becomes one flesh with herThis can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when a man joins his body to the body of a prostitute, it is as if their bodies become one body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2751CO617c2tbfigs-activepassiveὁ…κολλώμενος τῷ Κυρίῳ, ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν1he who is joined to the Lord becomes one spirit with himThis can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when the Lord joins his spirit to the spirit of a person, it is as if their spirits become one spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2761CO618ex92figs-metaphorφεύγετε1Flee fromPaul speaks of a person rejecting sexual sin as if that person were running away from danger. Alternate translation: “Get away from” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2771CO618sc9dfigs-explicitτὴν πορνείαν. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος ἐκτὸς τοῦ σώματός ἐστιν…δὲ1immorality! Every other sin that a person commits is outside the body, butPossible meanings are 1) Paul is showing that sexual sin is especially bad because it is not only against others but against the sinners own body or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “immorality! Some of you are saying, Every sin that a person commits is outside the body, but I say that” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2781CO618jr46ἁμάρτημα ὃ ἐὰν ποιήσῃ ἄνθρωπος1sin that a person commits“evil deed that a person does”
2791CO619qy5jfigs-rquestionἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι…ἀπὸ Θεοῦ? καὶ οὐκ ἐστὲ ἑαυτῶν1Do you not know…God?…that you are not your own?Paul is continuing to teach the Corinthians by emphasizing what they already know. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you…God and that you are not your own.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2801CO619bb35τὸ σῶμα ὑμῶν1your bodythe body of each individual Christian is a temple of the Holy Spirit
2811CO619d2mcfigs-metaphorναὸς τοῦ…Ἁγίου Πνεύματός1temple of the Holy SpiritA temple is dedicated to divine beings, and it is also where they dwell. In the same way, each Corinthian believers body is like a temple because the Holy Spirit is present within them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2821CO620qv47figs-activepassiveἠγοράσθητε γὰρ τιμῆς1For you were bought with a priceGod paid for the freedom of the Corinthians from the slavery of sin. This can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God paid for your freedom” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2831CO620y7feδὴ1Therefore“Because what I have just said is true”
2841CO7introa25m0# 1 Corinthians 07 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul begins to answer a series of questions that the Corinthians may have asked him. The first question is about marriage. The second question is about a slave trying to become free, a Gentile becoming a Jew, or a Jew becoming a Gentile.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Divorce<br>Paul says married Christians should not divorce. A Christian married to an unbeliever should not leave their husband or wife. If the unbelieving husband or wife leaves, this is not a sin. Paul advises that, because of the difficult times and being near to time that Jesus will return, it is acceptable to remain unmarried. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Euphemisms<br>Paul uses many euphemisms to discreetly refer to sexual relations. This is often a sensitive topic. Many cultures do not wish to speak openly about these matters. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])<br>
2851CO71iue70Connecting Statement:Paul gives the believers some specific instructions on marriage.
2861CO71y4lxδὲ1NowPaul is introducing a new topic in his teaching.
2871CO71jq21ὧν ἐγράψατε1the issues you wrote aboutThe Corinthians had written a letter to Paul to ask for answers to certain questions.
2881CO71erl5καλὸν ἀνθρώπῳ, γυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι1“It is good for a man not to touch a woman.”Possible meanings are 1) Paul is quoting what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “you wrote, It is good for a man not to touch a woman.’” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks. Alternate translation: “my answer is that yes, it is good for a man not to touch a woman.”
2891CO71ui5cκαλὸν1It is good“It is most helpful”
2901CO71cm7yἀνθρώπῳ1for a manPossible meanings are 1) “a man” refers to a married man. Alternate translation: “a husband” or 2) “a man” refers to any man.
2911CO71mx7wfigs-euphemismγυναικὸς μὴ ἅπτεσθαι1not to touch a womanPossible meanings are 1) “touch a woman” is a euphemism for having sexual relations. Alternate translation: “not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while” or 2) “touch a woman” is a metonym for marry. Alternate translation: “not to marry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2921CO72c3uqδιὰ δὲ1But becausePossible meanings are 1) Paul is responding to what the Corinthians had written. Alternate translation: “That is true, but because” or 2) Paul is saying what he really thinks.
2931CO72fys4διὰ δὲ τὰς πορνείας, ἕκαστος1But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each“But because Satan tempts people to commit sexual sin, each” or “But we desire to commit sexual sin because of our sinful nature, so each”
2941CO73mj8lfigs-euphemismὀφειλὴν1sexual rightsBoth husbands and wives are obligated to regularly sleep with their spouses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2951CO73vhv1figs-ellipsisὁμοίως…καὶ ἡ γυνὴ τῷ ἀνδρί1likewise the wife to her husbandThe words “should give” and “sexual rights” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “likewise the wife should give to her husband his sexual rights” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2961CO75qq7ufigs-euphemismμὴ ἀποστερεῖτε ἀλλήλους1Do not deprive each otherThe word “deprive” means to keep from someone something that the other person has the right to receive. “Do not refuse to have marital relations with your spouse” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2971CO75uq6xἵνα σχολάσητε τῇ προσευχῇ1so that you may devote yourselves to prayerin order to have a period of especially deep prayer
2981CO75d3erσχολάσητε1devote yourselves“commit yourselves”
2991CO75s1yaπάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἦτε1come together again“sleep together again”
3001CO75ii8nδιὰ τὴν ἀκρασίαν ὑμῶν1because of your lack of self-control“because after some days, your sexual desires will be harder to keep under control”
3011CO76xe7rτοῦτο δὲ λέγω κατὰ συνγνώμην, οὐ κατ’ ἐπιταγήν1I say these things to you as a concession and not as a commandPossible meanings are Paul is telling the Corinthians that he is allowing them, but not commanding them, 1) to marry and sleep together or 2) to stop sleeping together for a time.
3021CO77rbe7εἶναι ὡς καὶ ἐμαυτόν1were as I amEither Paul had never married or his wife had died. It is unlikely that he had been through a divorce.
3031CO77w9ldἀλλὰ ἕκαστος ἴδιον ἔχει χάρισμα ἐκ Θεοῦ; ὁ μὲν οὕτως, ὁ δὲ οὕτως1But each one has his own gift from God. One has this kind of gift, and another that kind“God enables people to do different things. He enables one person to do one thing and another person to do something different”
3041CO78a58lτοῖς ἀγάμοις1the unmarried“this those who are not married”
3051CO78fq46ταῖς χήραις1to the widows“to women whose husband has died”
3061CO78r27xκαλὸν1it is goodSee how you translated this in [1 Corinthians 7:1](../07/01.md).
3071CO79ty79πυροῦσθαι1to burn with desire“to live with the constant desire to sleep with someone”
3081CO710hc5pἀπὸ…μὴ χωρισθῆναι1should not separate fromPauls readers knew no difference between separating and divorcing. To stop living with someone was to end the marriage. Alternate translation: “should not divorce”
3091CO711lxf7figs-activepassiveτῷ ἀνδρὶ καταλλαγήτω1be reconciled to her husbandThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she should make peace with her husband and return to him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3101CO711jd5wμὴ ἀφιέναι1should not divorcePauls readers knew no difference between divorcing and simply separating. To do either was to end the marriage. Alternate translation: “should not separate from”
3111CO712k9ydσυνευδοκεῖ1agreeswilling or satisfied
3121CO713mw6kἄνδρα1husbandThis is the same Greek word as for “man.”
3131CO714l84pfigs-activepassiveἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί1For the unbelieving husband is set apart because of his wifePossible meanings are 1) “For God has set apart the unbelieving husband for himself because of his believing wife” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving husband as he would treat a son for the sake of his believing wife” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3141CO714s3gwὁ ἀνὴρ…τῇ γυναικί1husband…wifeThese are the same Greek words as for “man” and “woman.”
3151CO714w5y9figs-activepassiveἡγίασται ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄπιστος ἐν τῷ ἀδελφῷ1the unbelieving wife is set apart because of the brotherPossible meanings are 1) “God has set apart the unbelieving wife for himself because of her husband who believes” or 2) “God treats the unbelieving wife as he would treat a daughter for the sake of her husband who believes” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3161CO714i1x4τῷ ἀδελφῷ1the brotherthe believing man or husband
3171CO714fmu5figs-activepassiveἅγιά ἐστιν1they are set apartPossible meanings are 1) “God has set them apart for himself” or 2) “God treats them as he would treat his own children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3181CO715jef4figs-metaphorοὐ δεδούλωται ὁ ἀδελφὸς ἢ ἡ ἀδελφὴ ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις1In such cases, the brother or sister is not bound to their vowsHere “brother” and “sister” refers to a Christian husband or wife. Here “not bound to their vows” is a metaphor that mean the person is not obligated to do what they vowed to do. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “In such cases, God does not require the believing spouse to continue to obey the marriage vow” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3191CO716l559figs-youοἶδας, γύναι…τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις…οἶδας, ἄνερ…τὴν γυναῖκα σώσεις1do you know, woman…you will save your husband…do you know, man…you will save your wifePaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” and “your” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3201CO716h5tdfigs-rquestionτί…οἶδας, γύναι, εἰ τὸν ἄνδρα σώσεις1how do you know, woman, whether you will save your husband?Paul uses a question to cause women to think deeply about what he is saying. Alternate translation: “you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving husband.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3211CO716dbz6figs-rquestionτί οἶδας, ἄνερ, εἰ τὴν γυναῖκα σώσεις1how do you know, man, whether you will save your wife?Paul uses a question to cause men to think deeply about what he is saying. Alternate translation: “you cannot know if you will save your unbelieving wife.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3221CO717ya76ἑκάστῳ1each one“each believer”
3231CO717iid2οὕτως ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις πάσαις διατάσσομαι1I direct in this way in all the churchesPaul was teaching believers in all the churches to act in this manner.
3241CO718unc4figs-rquestionπεριτετμημένος τις ἐκλήθη?1Was anyone called when he was circumcised?Paul was addressing the circumcised ones (the Jews). Alternate translation: “To the circumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you had already been circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3251CO718fqv6figs-rquestionἐν ἀκροβυστίᾳ κέκληταί τις?1Was anyone called in uncircumcision?Paul was now addressing the uncircumcised ones. Alternate translation: “To the uncircumcised ones, when God called you to believe, you were not circumcised” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3261CO720yy8lfigs-inclusive0General Information:Here the words “us” and “we” refer to all Christians and include Pauls audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
3271CO720hsz1ἐν τῇ κλήσει…μενέτω1in the calling…he should remainHere “calling” refers to the work or social position in which you were involved. Alternate translation: “live and work as you did”
3281CO721ag5afigs-youἐκλήθης…σοι…δύνασαι1Were you…called you? Do not be…you can becomePaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so all instances of “you” and the command “be” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3291CO721nli9figs-rquestionδοῦλος ἐκλήθης? μή σοι μελέτω1Were you a slave when God called you? Do not be concernedThis can be stated as a statement. Alternate translation: “To those who were slaves when God called you to believe, I say this: do not be concerned” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3301CO722l6vqἀπελεύθερος Κυρίου1the Lords freemanThis freeman is forgiven by God and therefore free from Satan and sin.
3311CO723m53pfigs-activepassiveτιμῆς ἠγοράσθητε1You have been bought with a priceThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Christ bought you by dying for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3321CO724qu1lἀδελφοί1BrothersHere this means fellow Christians, including both men and women.
3331CO724c83efigs-activepassiveἐκλήθη1was calledThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “when God called us to believe in him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3341CO725f71aπερὶ δὲ τῶν παρθένων, ἐπιταγὴν Κυρίου οὐκ ἔχω1Now concerning those who never married, I have no commandment from the LordPaul knows no teaching of Jesus that speaks about this situation. Alternate translation: “The Lord has not commanded me to say anything to people who have never married”
3351CO725vaa4γνώμην…δίδωμι1I give my opinion“I tell you what I think”
3361CO725qqz7ὡς ἠλεημένος ὑπὸ Κυρίου, πιστὸς εἶναι1as one who, by the Lords mercy, is trustworthy“because, by the Lords mercy, I am trustworthy”
3371CO727a77xfigs-you0General Information:Paul is speaking to the Corinthians as if he were speaking to each person, so all these instances of “you” and the command “do not seek” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3381CO727k9tdfigs-rquestionδέδεσαι γυναικί? μὴ ζήτει1Are you married to a wife? Do not…Paul uses this question to introduce a possible condition. The question can be translated as a phrase with “if.” Alternate translation: “If you are married, do not” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3391CO727x2lkμὴ ζήτει λύσιν1Do not seek a divorce“Do not try to divorce her” or “Do try to separate from her”
3401CO727d79cμὴ ζήτει…γυναῖκα1do not seek a wife“do not try to get married”
3411CO728whf5figs-explicitἐγὼ…ὑμῶν φείδομαι1I want to spare you from thisThe word “this” refers to the kinds of worldly trouble that married people might have. Alternate translation: “I want to help you not to have worldly trouble” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3421CO729r594ὁ καιρὸς συνεσταλμένος ἐστίν1The time is short“There is little time” or “Time is almost gone”
3431CO730vm8kοἱ κλαίοντες1those who weepcry or grieve with tears
3441CO731t41vοἱ χρώμενοι τὸν κόσμον1those using the world“those who deal every day with unbelievers”
3451CO731jl2rὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι1as though they were not using it“should show by their actions that they have their hope in God”
3461CO732t4abfigs-idiomἀμερίμνους1free from worries“Free” here is an idiom which means the ability to live without constantly thinking about.” Alternate translation: “without needing to worry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3471CO732d4zdμεριμνᾷ1concerned about“focused on”
3481CO734ug6nμεριμνᾷ1is concerned about“he is trying to please God and please his wife at the same time”
3491CO735rp3wβρόχον1constraintrestriction
3501CO735ffx4εὐπάρεδρον1devoted“can concentrate on”
3511CO736jn8jἀσχημονεῖν ἐπὶ1he is acting improperly toward“not being kind to” or “not honoring”
3521CO736crb8τὴν παρθένον αὐτοῦ1his virginPossible meanings are 1) “the woman whom he promised to marry” or 2) “his virgin daughter.”
3531CO736wdj5γαμείτωσαν1let them marryPossible meanings are 1) “He should marry his fiancée” or 2) “He should let his daughter get married.”
3541CO737nm99figs-metaphorὃς δὲ ἕστηκεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἑδραῖος1But if he is standing firm in his heartHere “standing firm” is a metaphor for deciding something with certainty. Here “heart” is metonym for a persons mind or thoughts. Alternate translation: “But if he has decided firmly in his own mind” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3551CO739d413figs-metaphorγυνὴ δέδεται ἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς1A wife is bound for as long as her husband livesHere “bound” is a metaphor for a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Here it means the union of marriage. Alternate translation: “A woman is married to her husband” or “A woman is united with her husband” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3561CO739ms7zἐφ’ ὅσον χρόνον ζῇ1for as long as…lives“until he dies”
3571CO739y6rzᾧ θέλει1whomever she wishes“anyone she wants”
3581CO739rr2dἐν Κυρίῳ1in the Lord“if the new husband is a believer”
3591CO740hwz4τὴν ἐμὴν γνώμην1my judgment“my understanding of Gods word”
3601CO740hd7fμακαριωτέρα1happiermore contented, more joyful
3611CO740pse4οὕτως μείνῃ1lives as she is“remains unmarried”
3621CO8introc8l60# 1 Corinthians 08 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In Chapters 8-10, Paul answers the question: “Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?”<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Meat sacrificed to idols<br>Paul answers this question by saying that idols are gods that do not really exist. Therefore nothing is wrong with the meat. Christians are free to eat it. However, someone who does not understand this may see a Christian eating it. They may then be encouraged to eat the meat as an act of worship to the idol.<br>
3631CO81jf6hfigs-inclusive0General Information:“We” means Paul and, though specifically writing to the Corinthian believers, includes all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
3641CO81nzt40Connecting Statement:Paul reminds the believers that though idols have no power, believers must be careful not to affect the weaker believers who might think they care about the idols. He tells believers to be careful with the liberty believers have in Christ.
3651CO81cep1περὶ δὲ1Now aboutPaul uses this phrase to move on to the next question the Corinthians had asked him.
3661CO81g5t3τῶν εἰδωλοθύτων1food sacrificed to idolsGentile worshipers would offer grain, fish, fowl, or meat, to their gods. The priest would burn a portion of it on the altar. Paul is speaking of the portion the priest would give back for the worshiper to eat or sell in the market.
3671CO81ri3sfigs-metaphorἡ γνῶσις φυσιοῖ1Knowledge puffs up“Knowledge puffs people up.” Here “puffs up” is a metaphor for making someone proud. The abstract noun “knowledge” can be expressed with the verb “know.” Alternate translation: “Knowledge makes people proud” or “People who think that they know a lot become proud” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3681CO81yw8sfigs-abstractnounsἡ δὲ ἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ1but love builds upThe abstract noun “love” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “but when we love people, we build them up” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3691CO81an8sfigs-metaphorἀγάπη οἰκοδομεῖ1love builds upBuilding people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. Alternate translation: “love strengthens people” or “when we love people, we strengthen them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3701CO82qbh9δοκεῖ ἐγνωκέναι τι1thinks he knows something“believes he knows everything about something”
3711CO83etd6figs-activepassiveοὗτος ἔγνωσται ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ1that person is known by himThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God knows that person” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3721CO84v4gxfigs-inclusive0General Information:“We” and “us” here refer to all believers and include Pauls audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
3731CO84y3eefigs-explicitοἴδαμεν ὅτι οὐδὲν εἴδωλον ἐν κόσμῳ, καὶ ὅτι οὐδεὶς Θεὸς εἰ μὴ εἷς1We know that an idol in this world is nothing and that there is no God but onePaul is probably quoting phrases that some Corinthians used. Being “nothing” represents having no power. Alternate translation: “We all know, as you yourselves like to say, that an idol in this world has no power and that there is no God but one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3741CO85sl8jλεγόμενοι θεοὶ1so-called gods“things that people call gods”
3751CO85l7ibθεοὶ πολλοὶ καὶ κύριοι πολλοί1many “gods” and many “lords.”Paul does not believe that many gods and many lords exist, but he recognizes that the pagans believe they do.
3761CO86y6hqἀλλ’ ἡμῖν εἷς Θεὸς1Yet for us there is only one God“Yet we know that there is only one God”
3771CO87th5p0General Information:Paul is speaking here of “weak” brothers, people who cannot separate food sacrificed to idols from the worship of those idols. If a Christian eats food that has been sacrificed to an idol, weak brothers might think that God will allow them to worship the idol by eating the food. Even if the eater has not worshiped the idol and is simply eating the food, he has still corrupted his weak brothers conscience.
3781CO87v7ltπᾶσιν…τινὲς1everyone…some“all people…some people who are now Christians”
3791CO87ba7eμολύνεται1is defiledruined or harmed
3801CO88ii4mfigs-personificationβρῶμα…ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ Θεῷ1food will not present us to GodPaul speaks of food as though it were a person who could make God welcome us. Alternate translation: “food does not give us favor with God” or “the food we eat does not make God pleased with us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
3811CO88x91vfigs-doublenegativesοὔτε ἐὰν μὴ φάγωμεν, ὑστερούμεθα; οὔτε ἐὰν φάγωμεν, περισσεύομεν1We are not worse if we do not eat, nor better if we do eat itThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Some people might think that if we do not eat some things, God will love us less. But they are wrong. Those who think that God will love us more if we do eat those things are also wrong” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
3821CO89f3dsτοῖς ἀσθενέσιν1those who are weakbelievers not strong in their faith
3831CO810usg7figs-youἴδῃ τὸν ἔχοντα1sees the one who hasPaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so these words are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3841CO810i6ejἡ συνείδησις αὐτοῦ1his…consciencewhat he understands to be right and wrong
3851CO810x5paοἰκοδομηθήσεται, εἰς…ἐσθίειν1built up so as to eat“encouraged to eat”
3861CO811ez6tfigs-youτῇ σῇ γνώσει1your knowledgePaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “your” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3871CO811g5tnἀπόλλυται…ὁ ἀσθενῶν1the one who is weak…is destroyedThe brother or sister who is not strong in his or her faith will sin or lose his or her faith.
3881CO813i8tbδιόπερ1Therefore“Because what I have just said is true”
3891CO813vf92figs-metonymyεἰ βρῶμα σκανδαλίζει1if food causes to stumble“Food” here is a metonym for the person eating the food. Alternate translation: “if I cause by eating” or “if I, because of what I eat, cause” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3901CO9introz8d40# 1 Corinthians 09 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul defends himself in this chapter. Some people claimed that he was trying to gain financially from the church.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Earning money from the church<br>People accused Paul of just wanting money from the church. Paul answered that he rightfully could get money from the church. The Old Testament taught that those who worked should get their living from their work. He and Barnabas purposefully never used this right and earned their own living.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br>Paul uses many metaphors in this chapter. These metaphors teach complex truths. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Contextualization<br>This passage is important because Paul “contextualizes” ministering the gospel to different audiences. This means that Paul makes himself and the gospel understandable without his actions hindering the gospel being received. The translator should take extra care to preserve aspects of this “contextualization” if possible. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize various points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
3911CO91fu7x0Connecting Statement:Paul explains how he uses the liberty he has in Christ.
3921CO91mdm4figs-rquestionοὐκ εἰμὶ ἐλεύθερος1Am I not free?Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of the rights he has. Alternate translation: “I am a free person.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3931CO91dbp9figs-rquestionοὐκ εἰμὶ ἀπόστολος1Am I not an apostle?Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is and the rights he has. Alternate translation: “I am an apostle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3941CO91re1tfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ Ἰησοῦν τὸν Κύριον ἡμῶν ἑόρακα1Have I not seen Jesus our Lord?Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of who he is. Alternate translation: “I have seen Jesus our Lord.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3951CO91zd7efigs-rquestionοὐ τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ1Are you not my workmanship in the Lord?Paul uses this rhetorical question to remind the Corinthians of their relationship to him. Alternate translation: “You believe in Christ because I have worked the way the Lord wants me to.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3961CO92j6qzfigs-metonymyἡ…σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς, ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν Κυρίῳ1you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord“Proof” here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate translation: “you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3971CO93b17xἡ ἐμὴ ἀπολογία…ἐμὲ…αὕτη:1This is my defense…me:Possible meanings are 1) the words that follow are Pauls defense or 2) the words in 1 Corinthians 9:1-2 are Pauls defense. Alternate translation: “This is my defense…me.”
3981CO94mr4gfigs-rquestionμὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν1Do we not have the right to eat and drink?Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We have the absolute right to receive food and drink from the churches.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3991CO94p4vqfigs-exclusiveἔχομεν1we…haveHere “we” refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
4001CO95s9k8figs-rquestionμὴ οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν ἀδελφὴν, γυναῖκα περιάγειν, ὡς καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ἀπόστολοι, καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ Κηφᾶς?1Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “If we have believing wives, we have a right to take them with us just as the other apostles take them, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4011CO96wx1pfigs-rquestionἢ μόνος ἐγὼ καὶ Βαρναβᾶς, οὐκ ἔχομεν ἐξουσίαν μὴ ἐργάζεσθαι?1Or is it only Barnabas and I who do not have the right not to work?Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You seem to think that the only people you think need to work to earn money are Barnabas and me.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4021CO97f3qffigs-rquestionτίς στρατεύεται ἰδίοις ὀψωνίοις ποτέ?1Who serves as a soldier at his own expense?Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We all know that no soldier has to buy his own supplies.” or “We all know that every soldier receives his supplies from the government.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4031CO97zh5mfigs-rquestionτίς φυτεύει ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐσθίει?1Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit?Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We all know that the one who plants a vineyard will always eat its fruit.” or “We all know that no one expects someone who plants a vineyard not to eat its fruits.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4041CO97r1ihfigs-rquestionἢ τίς ποιμαίνει ποίμνην, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆς ποίμνης, οὐκ ἐσθίει?1Or who tends a flock and does not drink milk from it?Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. Alternate translation: “We all know that those who tend flocks get their drink from the flocks.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4051CO98jld4figs-rquestionμὴ κατὰ ἄνθρωπον, ταῦτα λαλῶ1Am I not saying these things according to human authority?Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You seem to think that I am saying these things based on merely human authority.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4061CO98vy1nfigs-rquestionἢ καὶ ὁ νόμος ταῦτα οὐ λέγει?1Or does not the law also say this?Paul is shaming the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “You act as if you do not know that this is what is written in the law.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4071CO99h2d3figs-youοὐ φιμώσεις1Do not put a muzzle onMoses was speaking to the Israelites as if they were one person, so this command is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4081CO99sxk2figs-rquestionμὴ τῶν βοῶν μέλει τῷ Θεῷ?1Is it really the oxen that God cares about?Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that it is not the oxen that God cares most about.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4091CO910x84tfigs-rquestionἢ δι’ ἡμᾶς πάντως λέγει?1Or is he speaking entirely for our sake?Paul asks a question to emphasize the statement he is making. Alternate translation: “Instead, God was certainly speaking about us.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4101CO910f8f4figs-exclusiveδι’ ἡμᾶς1for our sakeHere “us” refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
4111CO911g1whfigs-rquestionμέγα εἰ ἡμεῖς ὑμῶν τὰ σαρκικὰ θερίσομεν?1is it too much for us to reap material things from you?Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Alternate translation: “you should know without me telling you that it is not too much for us to receive material support from you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4121CO912lld4figs-exclusiveεἰ ἄλλοι τῆς ὑμῶν ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν, οὐ μᾶλλον ἡμεῖς?1If others exercised this right over you, should we not even more?Paul asks a question so that the Corinthians will think of what he is saying without him having to say it. Here “we” refers to Paul and Barnabas. Alternate translation: “Others exercised…you, so you know without me telling you that we have this right even more.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4131CO912v333εἰ ἄλλοι τῆς…ἐξουσίας μετέχουσιν1If others exercised this rightPaul and the Corinthians both know that others exercised the right. “Since others exercised this right”
4141CO912nr6uἄλλοι1othersother workers of the gospel
4151CO912q7vjτῆς…ἐξουσίας1this rightthe right to have the believers at Corinth provide for the living expenses of those who told them the good news
4161CO912vt6tμή τινα ἐνκοπὴν δῶμεν1to cause any hindrance“be a burden to” or “stop the spread of”
4171CO913slf9figs-rquestionοὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι οἱ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐργαζόμενοι, τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐσθίουσιν1Do you not know that those who serve in the temple eat from the things of the templePaul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve in the temple get their food from the temple.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4181CO913wwj4figs-rquestionοἱ τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ παρεδρεύοντες, τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ συνμερίζονται?1those who serve at the altar partake from the altar?Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “I want to remind you that those who serve at the altar get some of the foods and meat that people offer on the altar.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4191CO914rj38figs-metonymyἐκ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ζῆν1get their living from the gospelThe words “the gospel” here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news,” or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, “receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4201CO915fs7aτούτων1these rights“these things that I deserve”
4211CO915sy42figs-activepassiveἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί1so that this might be done for meThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so you will do something for me” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4221CO915fd69τὸ καύχημά μου…κενώσει1deprive me of my boasting“take away this opportunity I have to boast”
4231CO916ecw2ἀνάγκη…μοι ἐπίκειται1this necessity was placed upon me“I must preach the gospel”
4241CO916l7asοὐαὶ…μοί ἐστιν, ἐὰν1woe be to me if“may I suffer misfortune if”
4251CO917x6s9εἰ…ἑκὼν τοῦτο πράσσω1if I do this willingly“if I preach willingly” or “if I preach because I want to”
4261CO917t8pmfigs-ellipsisεἰ δὲ ἄκων1But if not willinglyThe words “I do this” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “But if I do this unwillingly” or “But if I do this even though I do not want to” or “But if I do this because I was forced to do it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4271CO917xa5pfigs-activepassiveοἰκονομίαν πεπίστευμαι1I have been entrusted with a stewardshipThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I must do this work that God trusted me to complete” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4281CO918lg51figs-rquestionτίς οὖν μού ἐστιν ὁ μισθός?1What then is my reward?Paul is preparing them for the new information he is going to give them. Alternate translation: “This is my reward.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4291CO918ia5xἵνα εὐαγγελιζόμενος ἀδάπανον, θήσω τὸ εὐαγγέλιον1That when I preach, I may offer the gospel without charge“My reward for preaching is that I can preach without receiving payment”
4301CO918dln7θήσω τὸ εὐαγγέλιον1offer the gospel“preach the gospel”
4311CO918fn7iεἰς τὸ μὴ καταχρήσασθαι τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ μου ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ1so not take full use of my right in the gospel“so not ask people to support me as I travel and preach”
4321CO919s48lfigs-metaphorἐλεύθερος…ὢν ἐκ πάντων1I am free from all“Free from all” here is an idiom meaning the ability to live without thinking of what one must do for others. Alternate translation: “I am able to live without serving others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4331CO919mms9τοὺς πλείονας κερδήσω1I might gain even more“persuade others to believe” or “help others trust in Christ”
4341CO920hh8tἐγενόμην…ὡς Ἰουδαῖος1I became like a Jew“I acted like a Jew” or “I practiced Jewish customs”
4351CO920s9tuὡς ὑπὸ νόμον1I became like one under the law“I became like one committed to following the demands of the Jewish leadership, accepting their understanding of the Jewish scriptures”
4361CO921qtu7ἀνόμοις1outside the law“who do not obey the laws of Moses”
4371CO924vn1d0Connecting Statement:Paul explains that he uses the liberty he has in Christ to discipline himself.
4381CO924urh5figs-rquestionοὐκ οἴδατε, ὅτι οἱ ἐν σταδίῳ τρέχοντες, πάντες μὲν τρέχουσιν, εἷς δὲ λαμβάνει τὸ βραβεῖον?1Do you not know that in a race all the runners run the race, but that only one receives the prize?Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they know so he can add new information. Alternate translation: “Let me remind you that although all runners run the race, only one runner receives the prize.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4391CO924mq1dfigs-metaphorτρέχουσι1runPaul compares living the Christian life and working for God to running a race and being an athlete. As in a race, the Christian life and work require strict discipline on the part of the runner, and, as in a race, the Christian has a specific goal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4401CO924mh8zfigs-metaphorοὕτως τρέχετε, ἵνα καταλάβητε1So run in such a way that you might obtain itPaul is speaking of the reward God will give his faithful people as if it were a prize given for an athletic contest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4411CO925bfe4figs-metaphorφθαρτὸν στέφανον…ἄφθαρτον1a wreath that is perishable…one that is imperishableA wreath is a bunch of leaves twisted together. Wreaths were given as prizes to athletes who won games and races. Paul speaks of eternal life as if it were a wreath that would never dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4421CO926k64nfigs-metaphorἐγὼ…οὕτως τρέχω, ὡς οὐκ ἀδήλως; οὕτως πυκτεύω, ὡς οὐκ ἀέρα δέρων1I do not run without purpose or box by beating the airHere “running” and “boxing” are both metaphors for living the Christian life and serving God. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “I know very well why I am running, and I know what I am doing when I box” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
4431CO927blb7figs-activepassiveμή…αὐτὸς ἀδόκιμος γένωμαι1I myself may not be disqualifiedThis passive sentence can be rephrased to an active form. The judge of a race or competition is a metaphor for God. Alternate translation: “the judge will not disqualify me” or “God will not say that I have failed to obey the rules” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4441CO10introabcd0# 1 Corinthians 10 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Chapters 8-10 together answer the question: “Is it acceptable to eat meat that has been sacrificed to an idol?”<br><br>In this chapter, Paul uses the exodus to warn people not to sin. Then, he returns to discussing meat offered to idols. He uses the Lords Supper as an example. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Exodus<br>Paul uses the experiences of Israel leaving Egypt and roaming the desert as a warning to the believers. Although the Israelites all followed Moses, they all died on the way. None of them reached the Promised Land. Some worshiped an idol, some tested God, and some grumbled. Paul warns Christians not to sin. We can resist temptation because God provides a way of escape. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>### Eating meat sacrificed to idol<br>Paul discusses meat offered to idols. Christians are allowed to eat, but it may hurt others. So when buying meat or eating with a friend, do not ask if it has been offered to idols. But if someone tells you it has been offered to idols, dont eat it for the sake of that person. Do not offend anyone. Seek to save them instead. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br>Paul uses many rhetorical questions in this chapter. He uses them to emphasize important points as he teaches the Corinthians. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)<br>
4451CO101r66h0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds them of the example of their ancient Jewish fathers experiences with immorality and idolatry.
4461CO101g34ffigs-inclusiveοἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν1our fathersPaul is referring to the time of Moses in the book of Exodus when Israel fled through the Red Sea as the Egyptian army pursued them. The word “our” refers to himself and the Corinthians and is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
4471CO101v4c6διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης διῆλθον1passed through the seaThis sea is known by two names, the Red Sea and the Sea of Reeds.
4481CO101z5s9διὰ…διῆλθον1passed through“walked through” or “traveled through”
4491CO102f7cqπάντες εἰς τὸν Μωϋσῆν ἐβαπτίσαντο1All were baptized into Moses“All followed and were committed to Moses”
4501CO102y72iἐν τῇ νεφέλῃ1in the cloudby the cloud that represented the presence of God and led the Israelites during the day
4511CO104xut2τὸ αὐτὸ πνευματικὸν ἔπιον πόμα…πνευματικῆς…πέτρας1drank the same spiritual drink…spiritual rock“drank the same water that God supernaturally brought out of the rock…supernatural rock”
4521CO104whj4figs-metonymyἡ…πέτρα ἦν ὁ Χριστός1that rock was ChristThe “rock” was a literal, physical rock, so it would be best to translate this literally. If your language cannot say that a rock “was” a persons name, treat the word “rock” as a metonym for the power of Christ that worked through the rock. Alternate translation: “it was Christ who worked through that rock” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4531CO105lh93figs-litotesοὐκ…ηὐδόκησεν1not well pleased“displeased” or “angry” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
4541CO105tnu4τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν1most of themthe Israelite fathers
4551CO105w673κατεστρώθησαν1their corpses were scattered about“God scattered their dead bodies around” or “God killed them and scattered their bodies”
4561CO105b96gἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ1in the wildernessthe desert land between Egypt and Israel through which the Israelites wandered for 40 years
4571CO107nzt9εἰδωλολάτραι1idolaterspeople who worship idols
4581CO107n175ἐκάθισεν…φαγεῖν καὶ πεῖν1sat down to eat and drink“sat down to eat a meal”
4591CO107ukp4figs-euphemismπαίζειν1to playPaul is quoting the Jewish scriptures. His readers would have understood from this one word that the people were worshiping an idol by singing and dancing and engaging in sexual activities, not simply enjoying innocent fun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
4601CO108vw5gἔπεσαν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ εἴκοσι τρεῖς χιλιάδες1In one day, twenty-three thousand people died“God killed 23,000 people in one day”
4611CO109l5h4figs-activepassiveὑπὸ τῶν ὄφεων ἀπώλλυντο1were destroyed by snakesThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “did. As a result, snakes destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4621CO1010nye7γογγύζετε1grumblecomplaining
4631CO1010i3q3figs-activepassiveἀπώλοντο ὑπὸ τοῦ ὀλοθρευτοῦ1were destroyed by the destroyerThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “did. As a result, an angel of death destroyed them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4641CO1011u1mpταῦτα…συνέβαινεν ἐκείνοις1these things happened to them“God punished our ancestors”
4651CO1011wmp1figs-inclusiveτυπικῶς1as examplesHere “us” refers to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
4661CO1011j3z1τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων1the end of the ages“the last days”
4671CO1012df2pμὴ πέσῃ1does not falldoes not sin or reject God
4681CO1013a8vjfigs-doublenegativesπειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν, εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος1No temptation has overtaken you that is not common to all humanityThis can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “The temptations that affect you are temptations that all people experience” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
4691CO1013hc7qὃς οὐκ ἐάσει ὑμᾶς πειρασθῆναι ὑπὲρ ὃ δύνασθε1He will not let you be tempted beyond your ability“He will only allow you to be tempted in ways that you are strong enough to resist”
4701CO1013a72tfigs-activepassiveοὐκ ἐάσει ὑμᾶς πειρασθῆναι1will not let you be temptedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “will not allow anyone to tempt you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
4711CO1014dab40Connecting Statement:Paul continues to remind them to be pure and to stay away from idolatry and immorality as he talks about communion, which represents the blood and body of Christ.
4721CO1014n5tbfigs-metaphorφεύγετε ἀπὸ τῆς εἰδωλολατρίας1flee away from idolatryPaul is speaking of the practice of worshiping idols as if it were a physical thing like a dangerous animal. Alternate translation: “do all you can to get away from worshiping idols” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4731CO1016gi4sfigs-metaphorτὸ ποτήριον τῆς εὐλογίας1The cup of blessingPaul is speaking of Gods blessing as though it were the wine in the cup used in the ritual of the Lords Supper. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4741CO1016tv8eὃ εὐλογοῦμεν1that we bless“for which we thank God”
4751CO1016y5uvfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ κοινωνία ἐστὶν τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ?1is it not a sharing in the blood of Christ?Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know, that the cup of wine that we share represents us sharing in the blood of Christ. Alternate translation: “we share in the blood of Christ.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4761CO1016ngf6figs-rquestionτὸν ἄρτον ὃν κλῶμεν, οὐχὶ κοινωνία τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐστιν?1The bread that we break, is it not a sharing in the body of Christ?Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know. Alternate translation: “We share in the body of Christ when we share bread.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4771CO1016n77uκοινωνία1a sharing“taking part in” or “equally participating with others in”
4781CO1017g954ἄρτος1loaf of breada single unit of baked bread that is sliced or broken into pieces before it is eaten
4791CO1018q9ngfigs-rquestionοὐχὶ οἱ ἐσθίοντες τὰς θυσίας, κοινωνοὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου εἰσίν1Are not those who eat the sacrifices participants in the altar?Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. Alternate translation: “those who eat the sacrifices share in the activities and the blessings of the altar” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4801CO1019ix5qfigs-rquestionτί οὖν φημι?1What am I saying then?Paul is reminding the Corinthians of what they already know so that he can give them new information. Alternate translation: “Let me review what I am saying.” or “This is what I mean.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4811CO1019hy95figs-rquestionἢ ὅτι εἴδωλόν τὶ ἐστιν?1Or that an idol is anything?Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. Alternate translation: “You know that I am not saying that an idol is something real.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4821CO1019j8djfigs-rquestionὅτι εἰδωλόθυτόν τὶ ἐστιν1Or that food sacrificed to an idol is anything?Paul wants the Corinthians to answer the question in their minds so he does not have to tell them. Alternate translation: “You know that I am not saying that food sacrificed to an idol is not important.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
4831CO1021dy2gfigs-metonymyοὐ δύνασθε ποτήριον Κυρίου πίνειν, καὶ ποτήριον δαιμονίων1You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demonsPaul speaks of a person drinking from the same cup as the demon as evidence that that person is a friend of the demon. Alternate translation: “It is impossible for you to be true friends with both the Lord and demons” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
4841CO1021qwk7οὐ δύνασθε τραπέζης Κυρίου μετέχειν, καὶ τραπέζης δαιμονίων1You cannot partake of the table of the Lord and the table of demons“It is impossible for you to be truly one with the Lords people and also with demons”
4851CO1022l8ikἢ παραζηλοῦμεν τὸν Κύριον1Or do we provoke the Lord to jealousy?Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that it is not right to make the Lord jealous.”
4861CO1022h9fhπαραζηλοῦμεν1provoketo anger or irritate
4871CO1022zv17figs-rquestionμὴ ἰσχυρότεροι αὐτοῦ ἐσμεν?1We are not stronger than him, are we?Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this question in their minds. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that we are not stronger than God.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4881CO1023ped10Connecting Statement:Paul again reminds them of the law of liberty and doing everything for the benefit of others.
4891CO1023tu2mπάντα ἔξεστιν1Everything is lawfulPossible meanings are 1) Paul is answering what some Corinthians might be thinking, “Some say, I can do anything” or 2) Paul is actually saying what he thinks is true, “God allows me to do anything.” This should be translated as in [1 Corinthians 6:12](../06/12.md).
4901CO1023jm4kοὐ πάντα συμφέρει1not everything is beneficial“some things are not beneficial”
4911CO1023ex6zfigs-metaphorοὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ1not everything builds people upBuilding people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “not everything strengthens people” or “some things do not strengthen people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
4921CO1027g31yὑμῖν…μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν1you without asking questions of conscience“you. God wants you to eat the food with a clear conscience”
4931CO1028q3ztfigs-youἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα1But if someone says to you…do not eat…who informed youSome translations put this verse, continuing to “and not yours” in the next verse, in parentheses because 1) the forms of “you” and “eat” here are singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by anothers conscience?” in the next verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4941CO1028qi77figs-youὑμῖν εἴπῃ…μὴ ἐσθίετε…τὸν μηνύσαντα1says to you…do not eat…informed youPaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” and the command “do not eat” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4951CO1029v1d9figs-youσυνείδησιν δὲ λέγω, οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ1the conscience of the other man, I mean, and not yoursSome translations put these words, along with the words in the verse before this one, in parentheses because 1) the form of “yours” here is singular, but Paul uses the plural form immediately before and after this sentence, and 2) the words “For why should my freedom be judged by anothers conscience?” in this verse seem to build on “eat whatever is set before you without asking questions of conscience” ([1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md)) rather than “the conscience of the other man.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4961CO1029s1wkfigs-youοὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ1and not yoursPaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “yours” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
4971CO1029k8xrἵνα τί γὰρ…συνειδήσεως?1For why…conscience?Possible meanings for this question, along with the question in the next verse, are 1) the word “for” refers back to [1 Corinthians 10:27](../10/27.md). Alternate translation: “I am not to ask questions of conscience, so why…conscience?” or 2) Paul is quoting what some Corinthians were thinking. Alternate translation: “As some of you might be thinking, For why…conscience?’”
4981CO1029d4q1figs-rquestionἵνα τί…ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως?1why should my freedom be judged by anothers conscience?The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “You should know without me telling you that no one should be able to say I am doing wrong just because that person has ideas about right and wrong that are different from mine.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
4991CO1030dv5ffigs-rquestionεἰ ἐγὼ χάριτι μετέχω, τί βλασφημοῦμαι ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εὐχαριστῶ?1If I partake of the meal with gratitude, why am I being insulted for that for which I gave thanks?The speaker wants the hearer to answer the question in his mind. Alternate translation: “I partake of the meal with gratitude, so no one should insult me for that for which I gave thanks.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5001CO1030x2v5εἰ ἐγὼ…μετέχω1If I partakeIf Paul is not quoting what some Corinthians might be thinking, the “I” represents those who eat meat with thankfulness. “If a person partakes” or “When a person eats”
5011CO1030n89tχάριτι1with gratitude“and thank God for it” or “and thank the person who gave it to me for it”
5021CO1032ag47ἀπρόσκοποι καὶ Ἰουδαίοις γίνεσθε, καὶ Ἕλλησιν1Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks“Do not displease Jews or Greeks” or “Do not make Jews or Greeks angry”
5031CO1033kj14πάντα…ἀρέσκω1try to please all people“make all people glad”
5041CO1033b4jvμὴ ζητῶν τὸ ἐμαυτοῦ σύμφορον1I do not seek my benefit“I do not do things I desire for myself”
5051CO1033hd2zτῶν πολλῶν1the manyas many people as possible
5061CO11introabce0# 1 Corinthians 11 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This is the beginning of a new section of the letter (Chapters 11-14). Paul now talks about proper church services. In this chapter, he deals with two different problems: women in the church services (verses 1-16) and the Lords Supper (verses 17-34).<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Proper conduct in a church service<br><br>### Disorderly women<br>Pauls instructions here are debated among scholars. There may have been women who were abusing their Christian freedom and causing disorder in the church by going against established cultural customs. The disorder that their actions created would have caused him to be concerned.<br><br>### The Lords Supper<br>There were problems in how the Corinthians were handling the Lords Supper. They did not act in a unified manner. During the feast celebrated along with the Lords Supper, some of them ate their own food without sharing. Some of them got drunk while the poor people remained hungry. Paul taught that the believers dishonored Christs death if they participated in the Lords Supper while they were sinning or while they were in broken relationships with each other. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reconcile]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical questions<br><br>Paul uses rhetorical questions to scold the people for their unwillingness to follow the rules for worship he has suggested. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br><br>### The head<br><br>Paul uses “head” as a metonym for authority in verse 3 and also to refer to a persons actual head in verse 4 and following. Since they are so close together, it is likely that Paul intentionally used “head” in this way. This would show that the ideas in these verses were connected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])<br>
5071CO111h5fg0Connecting Statement:After reminding them to follow him the way he follows Christ, Paul gives some specific instructs in how women and men are to live as believers.
5081CO112qsk9πάντα μου μέμνησθε1you remember me in everything“you think of me at all times” or “you always try act as I would want you to act” The Corinthians had not forgotten who Paul was or what he had taught them.
5091CO113k5umθέλω δὲ1Now I wantPossible meanings are 1) “Because of this, I want” or 2) “However, I want.”
5101CO113hbt7ἡ κεφαλὴ…ἐστιν1is the headhas authority over
5111CO113en95κεφαλὴ…γυναικὸς ὁ ἀνήρ1a man is the head of a womanPossible meanings are 1) “men are to have authority over women” or 2) “the husband is to have authority over the wife”
5121CO114uuv2κατὰ κεφαλῆς ἔχων1having something on his head“and does so after placing a cloth or veil over his head”
5131CO114lit3καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ1dishonors his headPossible meanings are 1) “brings disgrace on himself” or 2) “brings disgrace on Christ, who is his head.”
5141CO115b7kuγυνὴ προσευχομένη…καταισχύνει τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς1woman who prays…dishonors her headPossible meanings are 1) “woman who prays…brings disgrace on herself” or 2) “wife who prays…brings disgrace on her husband.”
5151CO115k5ylἀκατακαλύπτῳ τῇ κεφαλῇ1with her head uncoveredThat is, without the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders.
5161CO115e1pzτῇ ἐξυρημένῃ1as if her head were shavedas if she had removed all the hair on her head with a razor
5171CO116s4r5εἰ…αἰσχρὸν γυναικὶ1If it is disgraceful for a womanIt was a mark of disgrace or humiliation for a woman to have her hair shaved off or cut short.
5181CO116i624κατακαλύπτεται1cover her headplace on her head the cloth that was worn on the top of the head and that covered the hair and shoulders
5191CO117aa4rfigs-activepassiveοὐκ ὀφείλει κατακαλύπτεσθαι τὴν κεφαλήν1should not have his head coveredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) “must not cover his head” or 2) “does not need to cover his head” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5201CO117t5jnδόξα ἀνδρός1glory of the manJust as man reflects Gods greatness, the woman reflects the mans character.
5211CO118s5nsfigs-activepassiveοὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἀνὴρ ἐκ γυναικός, ἀλλὰ γυνὴ ἐξ ἀνδρός.1For man was not made from woman. Instead, woman was made from manGod made the woman by taking a bone from the man and making the woman from that bone. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God did not make the man from the woman. Instead, he made the woman from the man” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5221CO119w8jmγὰρ οὐκ…διὰ τὸν ἄνδρα1For neither…for manThese words and all of [1 Corinthians 11:8](../11/08.md) could be put in parentheses so that the reader can see that the word “this” in “this is why…the angels” clearly refers back to the words “the woman is the glory of the man” in [1 Corinthians 11:7](../11/07.md).
5231CO1110wh4cἐξουσίαν ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῆς κεφαλῆς1have a symbol of authority on her headPossible meanings are 1) “to symbolize that she has man as her head” or 2) “to symbolize that she has the authority to pray or prophesy.”
5241CO1111pir4πλὴν…ἐν Κυρίῳ1Nevertheless, in the Lord“While what I have just said is all true, the most important thing is this: in the Lord”
5251CO1111h9t4ἐν Κυρίῳ1in the LordPossible meanings are 1) “among Christians, who belong to the Lord” or 2) “in the world as created by God.”
5261CO1111hqy4figs-doublenegativesοὔτε γυνὴ χωρὶς ἀνδρὸς, οὔτε ἀνὴρ χωρὶς γυναικὸς ἐν Κυρίῳ1the woman is not independent from the man, nor is the man independent from the womanThis can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “the woman depends on the man, and the man depends on the woman” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
5271CO1112i8quτὰ…πάντα ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ1all things come from God“God created everything”
5281CO1113eex3ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε1Judge for yourselves“Judge this issue according to the local customs and church practices you know”
5291CO1113hp13figs-activepassiveπρέπον ἐστὶν γυναῖκα ἀκατακάλυπτον, τῷ Θεῷ προσεύχεσθαι?1Is it proper for a woman to pray to God with her head uncovered?Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. This can be stated in active form. “To honor God, a woman should pray to God with a covering on her head.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5301CO1114v5b5figs-rquestionοὐδὲ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ διδάσκει ὑμᾶς…αὐτῷ ἐστιν;1Does not even nature itself teach you…for him?Paul expects the Corinthians to agree with him. Alternate translation: “Nature itself even teaches you…for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5311CO1114gyw9figs-personificationοὐδὲ ἡ φύσις αὐτὴ διδάσκει ὑμᾶς…αὐτῷ ἐστιν;1Does not even nature itself teach you…for him?He is speaking of the way people in society normally act as if it were a person who teaches. Alternate translation: “You know just from looking at the way people normally act…for him.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
5321CO1115s7ysfigs-activepassiveὅτι ἡ κόμη…δέδοται αὐτῇ1For her hair has been given to herThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For God created woman with hair” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5331CO1117id4f0Connecting Statement:As Paul talks about communion, the Lords supper, he reminds them to have right attitudes as well as unity. He reminds them that if they fail in those things when taking communion, they will become sick and die, as has already happened to some of them.
5341CO1117vt5aτοῦτο δὲ παραγγέλλων, οὐκ ἐπαινῶ, ὅτι1in the following instructions, I do not praise you. ForAnother possible meaning is “as I give you these instructions, there is something for which I cannot praise you: when”
5351CO1117t2smτοῦτο…παραγγέλλων1the following instructions“the instructions I am about to talk about”
5361CO1117ry4kσυνέρχεσθε1you come together“gather together” or “meet”
5371CO1117du1aοὐκ εἰς τὸ κρεῖσσον, ἀλλὰ εἰς τὸ ἧσσον1it is not for the better but for the worse“you do not help each other; instead, you harm each other”
5381CO1118iu3qἐν ἐκκλησίᾳ1in the church“as believers.” Paul is not talking about being inside a building.
5391CO1118l9vxσχίσματα ἐν ὑμῖν ὑπάρχειν1there are divisions among you“you divide yourselves into opposing groups”
5401CO1119s9syfigs-ironyδεῖ γὰρ καὶ αἱρέσεις ἐν ὑμῖν εἶναι1For there must also be factions among youPossible meanings 1) The word “must” indicates that this situation is likely to happen. Alternate translation: “For there will probably be factions among you” or 2) Paul was using irony to shame them for having factions. Alternate translation: “For you seem to think that there must be factions among you” or “For you seem to think that you must divide yourselves” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
5411CO1119kcr7αἱρέσεις1factionsopposing groups of people
5421CO1119vfv4figs-ironyἵνα καὶ οἱ δόκιμοι φανεροὶ γένωνται ἐν ὑμῖν1so that those who are approved may be recognized among youPossible meanings are 1) “so that people will know the most highly regarded believers among you” or 2) “so that people can display this approval to the others among you.” Paul may have been using irony, saying the opposite of what he wanted the Corinthians to understand, to shame them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
5431CO1119j7dbδόκιμοι1who are approvedPossible meanings are 1) “whom God approves” or 2) “whom you, the church, approve.”
5441CO1120x9h5συνερχομένων1come together“gather together”
5451CO1120dse7οὐκ ἔστιν Κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν1it is not the Lords Supper that you eat“you may believe you are eating the Lords Supper, but you do not treat it with respect”
5461CO1122zl1hἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν1to eat and to drink in“in which to gather for a meal”
5471CO1122d2cmκαταφρονεῖτε1despisehate or treat with dishonor and disrespect
5481CO1122w476καταισχύνετε1humiliateembarrass or cause to feel shame
5491CO1122nz88figs-rquestionτί εἴπω ὑμῖν? ἐπαινέσω ὑμᾶς ἐν τούτῳ?1What should I say to you? Should I praise you?Paul is rebuking the Corinthians. Alternate translation: “I can say nothing good about this. I cannot praise you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5501CO1123av31ἐγὼ γὰρ παρέλαβον ἀπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὃ καὶ παρέδωκα ὑμῖν, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος1For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you, that the Lord“For it was from the Lord that I heard what I told you, and it was this: the Lord”
5511CO1123c197figs-activepassiveἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ᾗ παρεδίδετο1on the night when he was betrayedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “on the night that Judas Iscariot betrayed him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5521CO1124e19dἔκλασεν1he broke it“he pulled pieces from it”
5531CO1124f6hnτοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα1This is my body“The bread I am holding is my body”
5541CO1125gr2kτὸ ποτήριον1the cupIt is best to translate this literally. The Corinthians knew which cup he took, so it is not simply “a cup” or “some cup” or “any cup.” Possible meanings are that it was 1) the cup of wine that one would expect him to use or 2) the third or fourth of the four cups of wine that the Jews drank at the Passover meal.
5551CO1125z54eτοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε1Do this as often as you drink it“Drink from this cup, and as often as you drink from it”
5561CO1126sj1lτὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε1proclaim the Lords deathteach about the crucifixion and resurrection
5571CO1126m89ffigs-explicitἄχρι οὗ ἔλθῃ1until he comesWhere Jesus comes to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “until Jesus comes back to the earth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5581CO1127as6yἂν ἐσθίῃ τὸν ἄρτον ἢ πίνῃ τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ Κυρίου1eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord“eats the bread of the Lord or drinks the cup of the Lord”
5591CO1128nhx7figs-metaphorδοκιμαζέτω1examinePaul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how “test the quality” is translated in [1 Corinthians 3:13](../03/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5601CO1129gqd2μὴ διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα1without discerning the bodyPossible meanings are 1) “and does not recognize that the church is the body of the Lord” or 2) “and does not consider that he is handling the Lords body.”
5611CO1130kbi6ἀσθενεῖς καὶ ἄρρωστοι1weak and illThese words mean almost the same thing and can be combined, as in UST.
5621CO1130vx5tfigs-euphemismκοιμῶνται ἱκανοί1and many of you have fallen asleep“Sleep” here is a euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “and some of you have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]).
5631CO1130bh6jfigs-explicitἱκανοί1many of youIf this would sound like Paul is talking to those who have died, you may need to make explicit that he is not. Alternate translation: “some of the members of your group” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
5641CO1131j6mlfigs-metaphorδιεκρίνομεν1examinePaul speaks of a person looking at his relationship to God and how he has been living his life as if that person is looking over something he wants to buy. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 11:28](../11/28.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5651CO1131egl8figs-activepassiveοὐκ ἂν ἐκρινόμεθα1we will not be judgedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not judge us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5661CO1132ruq5figs-activepassiveκρινόμενοι…ὑπὸ Κυρίου, παιδευόμεθα, ἵνα μὴ…κατακριθῶμεν1we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined, so that we may not be condemnedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the Lord judges us, he disciplines us, so that he will not condemn us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5671CO1133maa7συνερχόμενοι εἰς τὸ φαγεῖν1come together to eatgather to eat a meal together before celebrating the Lords Supper
5681CO1133nky5ἀλλήλους ἐκδέχεσθε1wait for one another“allow the others to arrive before beginning the meal”
5691CO1134v2uhἐν οἴκῳ ἐσθιέτω1let him eat at home“let him eat before attending this gathering”
5701CO1134x1l8figs-metonymyμὴ εἰς κρίμα1not be for judgment“it will not be an occasion for God to discipline you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5711CO12introabcf0# 1 Corinthians 12 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Gifts of the Holy Spirit<br><br>This chapter begins a new section. Chapters 12-14 discuss spiritual gifts within the church.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### The Church, the body of Christ<br><br>This is an important metaphor in Scripture. The Church has many different parts. Each part has different functions. They combine to make one church. All of the different parts are necessary. Each part is to be concerned for all the other parts, even those that seem less important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### “No one can say, Jesus is Lord, except by the Holy Spirit.”<br>In reading the Old Testament, the Jews would have substituted the word “Lord” for the word “Yahweh.” This sentence probably means that no one can say that Jesus is Yahweh, God in the flesh, without the Holy Spirits influence drawing them to accept this truth. If this statement is translated poorly, it can have unintended theological consequences.<br>
5721CO121da2e0Connecting Statement:Paul lets them know that God has given special gifts to believers. These gifts are to help the body of believers.
5731CO121i3k7figs-doublenegativesοὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν1I do not want you to be uninformedThis can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “I want you to know” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
5741CO122hbt8figs-metaphorἦτε, πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε, ἀπαγόμενοι1you were led astray to idols who could not speak, in whatever ways you were led by themHere “led astray” is a metaphor for being persuaded to do something wrong. Being led astray to idols represents being wrongly persuaded to worship idols. The phrases “were led astray” and “you were led by them” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you were persuaded in some way to worship idols who cannot speak” or “you believed lies somehow and so you worshiped idols who cannot speak” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5751CO123zg4jοὐδεὶς ἐν Πνεύματι Θεοῦ λαλῶν, λέγει1no one who speaks by the Spirit of God can sayPossible meanings are 1) “no Christian who has the Spirit of God in him can say” or 2) “no one who is prophesying by the power of the Spirit of God can say.”
5761CO123jak6ἀνάθεμα Ἰησοῦς1Jesus is accursed“God will punish Jesus” or “God will make Jesus suffer”
5771CO126eth3ὁ ἐνεργῶν τὰ πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν1who is working all things in everyone“causes everyone to have them”
5781CO127x7mvfigs-activepassiveἑκάστῳ…δίδοται1to each one is givenThis can be stated in active form. God is the one who does the giving ([1 Corinthians 12:6](../12/06.md)). Alternate translation: “God gives to each one” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5791CO128c9akfigs-activepassiveᾧ μὲν…διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος δίδοται λόγος1to one is given by the Spirit a wordThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “by means of the Spirit God gives to one person the word” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5801CO128us1kλόγος1a word“the message”
5811CO128gi53διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος1by the SpiritGod gives the gifts through the work of the Spirit.
5821CO128a872σοφίας…γνώσεως1wisdom…knowledgeThe difference between these two words is not as important here as the fact that God gives them both by the same Spirit.
5831CO128p2pmfigs-hendiadysλόγος σοφίας1a word of wisdomPaul is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “wise words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
5841CO128a9prfigs-hendiadysλόγος γνώσεως1a word of knowledgePaul is communicating one idea through two words. Alternate translation: “words that show knowldge” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
5851CO128pe8sfigs-activepassiveδίδοται1is givenThis can be stated in active form. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md). Alternate translation: “God gives” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
5861CO129d7qgfigs-ellipsisἄλλῳ…χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων ἐν τῷ ἑνὶ Πνεύματι1to another gifts of healing by the one SpiritThe words “are given” are understood from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit are given” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5871CO1210x572figs-ellipsisἄλλῳ προφητεία1to another prophecyThe phrase “is given by the same Spirit” is understood from the previous phrases. Alternate translation: “to another prophecy is given by the same Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5881CO1210v7xyfigs-ellipsisἑτέρῳ γένη γλωσσῶν1to another various kinds of tonguesThe phrase “are given by the same Spirit” is understood from the previous phrases. Alternate translation: “to another various kinds of tongues are given by the same Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5891CO1210skl8figs-metonymyγένη γλωσσῶν1various kinds of tonguesHere “tongues” represents languages. Alternate translation: “the ability to speak different languages” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5901CO1210j8qkfigs-ellipsisἄλλῳ…ἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν1to another the interpretation of tonguesThe phrase “is given by the same Spirit” is understood from the previous phrases. Alternate translation: “to another the interpretation of tongues is given by the same Spirit” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
5911CO1210c14yἑρμηνία γλωσσῶν1the interpretation of tonguesThis is the ability to listen to what someone says in one language and use another language to tell people what that person is saying. Alternate translation: “the ability to interpret what is said in other languages”
5921CO1211z383τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα1one and the same SpiritGod gives the gifts through the work of the one and only Holy Spirit. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 12:8](../12/08.md).
5931CO1212j3xl0Connecting Statement:Paul continues to talk of the variety of gifts God gives believers, God gives different gifts to different believers, but Paul wants them to know that all believers are made into one body, which is called the body of Christ. For this reason believers should have unity.
5941CO1213g8ukfigs-activepassiveγὰρ ἐν ἑνὶ Πνεύματι ἡμεῖς πάντες…ἐβαπτίσθημεν1For by one Spirit we were all baptizedPossible meanings are 1) the Holy Spirit is the one who baptizes us, “For one Spirit baptized us” or 2) that the Spirit, like the water of baptism, is the medium through which we are baptized into the body, “For in one Spirit we were all baptized” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5951CO1213r9hmfigs-metonymyεἴτε…δοῦλοι, εἴτε ἐλεύθεροι1whether bound or free“Bound” here is a metonym for “slaves.” Alternate translation: “whether slave-people or free-people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
5961CO1213r5kwfigs-activepassiveπάντες ἓν Πνεῦμα ἐποτίσθημεν1all were made to drink of one SpiritThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave all of us the same Spirit, and we share the Spirit as people might share a drink” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
5971CO1217rsl6figs-rquestionποῦ ἡ ἀκοή?…ποῦ ἡ ὄσφρησις?1where would the sense of hearing be?…where would the sense of smell be?This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “you could not hear anything…you could not smell anything” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
5981CO1219zw6kτὰ…ἓν μέλος1the same memberThe word “member” is a general word for the parts of the body, like the head, arm, or knee. Alternate translation: “the same part of the body”
5991CO1219y4vgfigs-rquestionποῦ τὸ σῶμα?1where would the body be?This can be made a statement. Alternate translation: “there would be no body” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6001CO1221u9r9χρείαν σου οὐκ ἔχω1I have no need of you“I do not need you”
6011CO1223rrs6ἀτιμότερα1less honorable“less important”
6021CO1223id5zfigs-euphemismτὰ ἀσχήμονα ἡμῶν1our unpresentable membersThis probably refers to the private parts of the body, which people keep covered. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
6031CO1225z4kkμὴ ᾖ σχίσμα ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἀλλὰ1there may be no division within the body, but“the body may be unified, and”
6041CO1226da97figs-activepassiveδοξάζεται μέλος1one member is honoredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone gives honor to one member” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6051CO1227z2ctὑμεῖς δέ ἐστε1Now you areHere the word “now” is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
6061CO1228ll3sπρῶτον ἀποστόλους1first apostlesPossible meanings are 1) “the first gift I will mention is apostles” or 2) “the most important gift is apostles.”
6071CO1228unh1ἀντιλήμψεις1those who provide helps“those who provide help to other believers”
6081CO1228l6p1κυβερνήσεις1those who do the work of administration“those who govern the church”
6091CO1228w726κυβερνήσεις1those who have various kinds of tonguesan individual who can speak in one or more foreign languages without having studied that language
6101CO1229aq64figs-rquestionμὴ πάντες ἀπόστολοι? μὴ πάντες προφῆται? μὴ πάντες διδάσκαλοι? μὴ πάντες δυνάμεις?1Are all of them apostles? Are all prophets? Are all teachers? Do all do powerful deeds?Paul is reminding his readers of what they already know. Alternate translation: “Only some of them are apostles. Only some of them are prophets. Only some of them are teachers. Only some of them do powerful deeds.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6111CO1230p919figs-rquestionμὴ πάντες χαρίσματα ἔχουσιν ἰαμάτων?1Do all of them have gifts of healing?This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them have gifts of healing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6121CO1230q8htfigs-rquestionμὴ πάντες γλώσσαις λαλοῦσιν?1Do all of them speak with tongues?This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them speak with tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6131CO1230d3k8figs-rquestionμὴ πάντες διερμηνεύουσιν?1Do all of them interpret tongues?This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “Not all of them interpret tongues.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6141CO1230ab9eδιερμηνεύουσιν1interpretThis means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
6151CO1231vb1mζηλοῦτε…τὰ χαρίσματα τὰ μείζονα1earnestly desire the greater gifts.Possible meanings are 1) “You must eagerly seek from God the gifts that best help the church.” or 2) “You are eagerly looking for gifts that you think are greater because you think they are more exciting to have.”
6161CO13introabcg0# 1 Corinthians 13 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul seems to interrupt his teaching about spiritual gifts. However, this chapter probably serves a larger function in his teaching.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Love<br><br>Love is the most important characteristic of the believer. This chapter fully describes love. Paul tells why love is more important than the gifts of the Spirit. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Metaphor<br><br>Paul uses many different metaphors in this chapter. He uses these metaphors to instruct the Corinthians, especially on difficult topics. Readers often need spiritual discernment to understand these teachings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
6171CO131n8lm0Connecting Statement:Having just talked about the gifts that God gave to believers, Paul emphasizes what is more important.
6181CO131cm2nfigs-hyperboleταῖς γλώσσαις…τῶν ἀγγέλων1the tongues of…angelsPossible meanings are 1) Paul is exaggerating for the sake of effect and does not believe that people speak the language that angels use or 2) Paul thinks that some who speak in tongues actually speak the language that angels use. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
6191CO131k2gkfigs-metaphorγέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν ἢ κύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον1I have become a noisy gong or a clanging cymbalI have become like instruments that make loud, annoying sounds (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6201CO131krt1translate-unknownχαλκὸς1gonga large, thin, round metal plate that is hit with a padded stick to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
6211CO131qbx6translate-unknownκύμβαλον ἀλαλάζον1a clanging cymbaltwo thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
6221CO133ar2qfigs-activepassiveπαραδῶ τὸ σῶμά μου1I give my bodyThe phrase “to be burned” can be made active. Alternate translation: “I allow those who persecute me to burn me to death” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6231CO134m671figs-personificationἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ…οὐ φυσιοῦται1Love is patient and kind…It is not arrogantHere Paul speaks about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6241CO135cp6xfigs-personification0Connecting Statement:Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6251CO135xt3vfigs-activepassiveοὐ παροξύνεται1It is not easily angeredThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “No one will be able to make it angry quickly” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6261CO136wl5yfigs-personification0Connecting Statement:Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6271CO136tpz6figs-doublenegativesοὐ χαίρει ἐπὶ τῇ ἀδικίᾳ, συνχαίρει δὲ τῇ ἀληθείᾳ1It does not rejoice in unrighteousness. Instead, it rejoices in the truthThis can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It rejoices only in righteousness and truth” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
6281CO137vf6xfigs-personification0Connecting Statement:Paul continues speaking about love as if it were a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
6291CO1312bn3hβλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι1For now we see indirectly in a mirrorMirrors in Pauls day were made of polished metal rather than glass and provided a dim, vague reflection.
6301CO1312w2euβλέπομεν…ἄρτι1now we seePossible meanings are 1) “now we see Christ” or 2) “now we see God.”
6311CO1312xx1gfigs-ellipsisτότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον1but then face to face“but then we will see Christ face to face” This means that we will be physically present with Christ. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6321CO1312qp7gfigs-ellipsisἐπιγνώσομαι1I will know fullyThe word “Christ” is understood. Alternate translation: “I will know Christ fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
6331CO1312i28wfigs-activepassiveκαθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην1just as I have also been fully knownThis can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “just as Christ has known me fully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6341CO1313nt1yfigs-abstractnounsπίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη1faith, hope, and loveThese abstract nouns can be expressed in phrases with verbs. Alternate translation: “we must trust the Lord, be confident that he will do what he has promised, and love him and others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6351CO14introabch0# 1 Corinthians 14 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>In this chapter, Paul returns to discussing spiritual gifts.<br><br>Some translations set what is quoted from the Old Testament farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. The ULT does this with the words of verse 21.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Tongues<br><br>Scholars disagree on the exact meaning of the gift of tongues. Paul describes the gift of tongues as a sign for unbelievers. It does not serve the whole church, unless someone interprets what is spoken. It is very important that the church uses this gift properly.<br><br>### Prophecy<br><br>Scholars disagree on the exact meaning of prophecy as a spiritual gift. Paul says prophets can build up the entire church. He describes prophecy as a gift for believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
6361CO141vl570Connecting Statement:Paul wants them to know that though teaching is more important because it instructs people, it must be done with love.
6371CO141x938figs-123personδιώκετε τὴν ἀγάπην1Pursue lovePaul speaks of love as if it were a person. “Follow after love” or “Work hard to love people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
6381CO141ki3lμᾶλλον…ἵνα προφητεύητε1especially that you may prophesy“and work especially hard to be able to prophesy”
6391CO143r1nxfigs-metaphorοἰκοδομὴν1to build them upBuilding people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “to strengthen them” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6401CO144b2mgfigs-metaphorοἰκοδομεῖ1builds upBuilding people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “strengthens people” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6411CO145z5myfigs-synecdocheμείζων δὲ ὁ προφητεύων1Now the one who prophesies is greaterPaul is emphasizing that the gift of prophecy is greater than the gift of speaking in tongues. Alternate translation: “The one who prophesies has a greater gift” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6421CO145g9k1διερμηνεύῃ1he would interpretThis means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
6431CO146l71kfigs-rquestionτί ὑμᾶς ὠφελήσω1how will I benefit you?This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “I will not benefit you.” or “I will not have done anything that helps you.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6441CO147t3rbδιαστολὴν τοῖς φθόγγοις μὴ δῷ1they do not make different soundsThis refers to sounds of different pitch that make up the melody, not to the difference between a flute sound and a harp sound.
6451CO147hq2ufigs-rquestionπῶς γνωσθήσεται τὸ αὐλούμενον1how will it be known what is being played on the flutePaul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. Alternate translation: “no one will know what tune the flute or harp is playing.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6461CO148z6jgfigs-rquestionτίς παρασκευάσεται εἰς πόλεμον?1who will prepare for battle?Paul wants the Corinthians to answer this themselves. Alternate translation: “no one would know when it is time to prepare for battle.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6471CO1410im7afigs-doublenegativesοὐδὲν ἄφωνον1none is without meaningThis can be stated as a positive. Alternate translation: “they all have meaning” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
6481CO1412x4v6πνευμάτων1spiritual gifts“being able to do things that show that the Spirit controls you”
6491CO1412j1h7figs-metaphorπρὸς τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ζητεῖτε ἵνα περισσεύητε1try to excel in the gifts that build up the churchPaul speaks of the church as if it were a house that one could build and of the work of building the church as if it were something one could harvest. Alternate translation: “to succeed greatly in making Gods people more able to serve God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6501CO1413j87gδιερμηνεύῃ1interpretThis means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how this is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
6511CO1414kjh6figs-metaphorὁ…νοῦς μου ἄκαρπός ἐστιν1my mind is unfruitfulThe mind not understanding what is being prayed and, therefore, receiving no benefit from the prayer is spoken of as if the “mind is unfruitful.” Alternate translation: “I do not understand it in my mind” or “my mind does not benefit from the prayer, because I do not understand the words I am saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6521CO1415vm6pfigs-rquestionτί…ἐστιν1What should I do?Paul is introducing his conclusion. Alternate translation: “This is what I will do.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6531CO1415r11fπροσεύξομαι τῷ Πνεύματι…προσεύξομαι…τῷ νοΐ…ψαλῶ τῷ Πνεύματι…ψαλῶ…τῷ νοΐ1pray with my spirit…pray with my mind…sing with my spirit…sing with my mindPrayers and songs must be in a language that the people present can understand.
6541CO1415fi2fτῷ νοΐ1with my mind“with words that I understand”
6551CO1416niu5figs-youεὐλογῇς…τῇ σῇ εὐχαριστίᾳ…λέγεις1you praise God…you are giving thanks…you are sayingThough “you” is singular here, Paul is addressing everyone who prays only in the spirit, but not with the mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
6561CO1416r4w5figs-rquestionπῶς ἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν…οὐκ οἶδεν?1how will the outsider say “Amen”…saying?This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “the outsider will never be able to say Amen…saying.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6571CO1416j3e3τοῦ ἰδιώτου1the ungiftedPossible meanings are 1) “another person” or 2) “people who are new to your group.”
6581CO1416ev63figs-synecdocheἐρεῖ, τὸ ἀμήν1say “Amen”“be able to agree” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
6591CO1417a7wrfigs-youσὺ μὲν…εὐχαριστεῖς1you certainly givePaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
6601CO1417w25kfigs-metaphorὁ ἕτερος οὐκ οἰκοδομεῖται1the other person is not built upBuilding people up represents helping them become mature and strong in their faith. This can be stated in active form. See how you translated “builds up” in [1 Corinthians 8:1](../08/01.md). Alternate translation: “the other person is not strengthened” or “what you say does not strengthen any outsider who might hear you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6611CO1419cbw8translate-numbersἢ μυρίους λόγους ἐν γλώσσῃ1than ten thousand words in a tonguePaul was not counting words, but used exaggeration to emphasize that a few understandable words are far more valuable than even a great number of words in a language that people cannot understand. Alternate translation: “10,000 words” or “a great many words” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
6621CO1420luu40General Information:Paul tells them that speaking in different languages was told ahead of time by the prophet Isaiah many years before this speaking in other languages happened at the start of Christs church.
6631CO1420mh5tfigs-metaphorμὴ παιδία γίνεσθε ταῖς φρεσίν1do not be children in your thinkingHere “children” is a metaphor for being spiritually immature. Alternate translation: “do not think like children” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6641CO1421jx6lfigs-activepassiveἐν τῷ νόμῳ γέγραπται1In the law it is written,This can be stated in active form: Alternate translation: “The prophet wrote these words in the law:” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6651CO1421l9xzfigs-parallelismἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις καὶ ἐν χείλεσιν ἑτέρων1By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangersThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6661CO1422bp4j0Connecting Statement:Paul gives specific instructions on an orderly way to use gifts in the church.
6671CO1422qj5ffigs-doublenegativesοὐ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀπίστοις1not for unbelievers, but for believersThis can be expressed positively and combined with the other positive statement. Alternate translation: “only for believers” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6681CO1423hj3dfigs-rquestionοὐκ ἐροῦσιν ὅτι μαίνεσθε?1would they not say that you are insane?This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “they would say that you are insane.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6691CO1424xxy5figs-parallelismἐλέγχεται ὑπὸ πάντων, ἀνακρίνεται ὑπὸ πάντων1he would be convicted by all and examined by allPaul says basically the same thing twice for emphasis. Alternate translation: “he would realize that he is guilty of sin because he hears what you are saying” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
6701CO1425ma47figs-metonymyτὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ φανερὰ γίνεται1The secrets of his heart would be revealedHere “heart” is a metonym for a persons thoughts. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart” or “He would recognize his own private inner thoughts” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6711CO1425w31wfigs-idiomπεσὼν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον, προσκυνήσει τῷ Θεῷ1he would fall on his face and worship God“Fall on his face” here is an idiom, meaning to bow down. Alternate translation: “He would bow down and worship God” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
6721CO1426bv9kfigs-rquestionτί οὖν ἐστιν, ἀδελφοί?1What is tp be then, brothers?Paul uses a question to introduce the next part of his message. Alternate translation: “Because everything I have just told you is true, this is what you need to do, my fellow believers.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6731CO1426xzz2ἑρμηνίαν1interpretationThis means a telling of what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
6741CO1427wc1zκαὶ ἀνὰ μέρος1and each one in turn“and they should speak one after another” or “and they should speak one at a time”
6751CO1427zh9zfigs-activepassiveδιερμηνευέτω1must interpretThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “interpret what they said” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6761CO1427ari2διερμηνευέτω1must interpretThis means to tell what someone has said in a language to others who do not understand that language. See how “interpret” is translated in [1 Corinthians 2:13](../02/13.md).
6771CO1429a9izπροφῆται…δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν1Let two or three prophets speakPossible meanings are 1) only two or three prophets speak at any one meeting or 2) only two or three prophets take turns speaking at any one time.
6781CO1429m5l8figs-activepassiveπροφῆται δὲ δύο ἢ τρεῖς λαλείτωσαν1to what is saidThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “to what they say” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6791CO1430sl1qfigs-activepassiveἐὰν…ἄλλῳ ἀποκαλυφθῇ1if a revelation is given to anotherThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “if God gives someone insight” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
6801CO1431xr69καθ’ ἕνα…προφητεύειν1prophesy one by oneOnly one person should prophesy at a time.
6811CO1431nrq1figs-activepassiveπάντες…παρακαλῶνται1all may be encouragedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you may encourage all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6821CO1433my65οὐ…ἐστιν ἀκαταστασίας ὁ Θεὸς1God is not a God of confusionGod does not create confusing situations by making people all speak at the same time.
6831CO1434gjv2σιγάτωσαν1let be silentPossible meanings are 1) stop speaking, 2) stop speaking when someone is prophesying, or 3) be absolutely silent during the church service.
6841CO1436h8lpfigs-rquestionἢ ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐξῆλθεν, ἢ εἰς ὑμᾶς μόνους κατήντησεν?1Did the word of God come from you? Are you the only ones it has reached?Paul emphasizes that the Corinthians are not the only ones who understand what God wants Christians to do. Alternate translation: “The word of God did not come from you in Corinth; you are not the only people who understand Gods will.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
6851CO1436mj6bfigs-metonymyὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ1the word of God“Word of God” here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate translation: “Gods message” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
6861CO1437ab6uἐπιγινωσκέτω1he should acknowledgeA true prophet or truly spiritual person will accept Pauls writings as coming from the Lord.
6871CO1438l68afigs-activepassiveἀγνοείτω1let him be ignorantThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you should not recognize him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6881CO1439jvr7τὸ λαλεῖν μὴ κωλύετε γλώσσαις1do not forbid anyone from speaking in tonguesPaul makes it clear that speaking in tongues at a church gathering is permissible and acceptable.
6891CO1440d7iaπάντα δὲ εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν γινέσθω1But let all things be done properly and in orderPaul is stressing that church gatherings should be held in an orderly manner. Alternate translation: “But do all things properly and in order” or “But do everything in an orderly, appropriate way”
6901CO15introabci0# 1 Corinthians 15 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>### Resurrection<br>This chapter includes a very important teaching about the resurrection of Jesus. The Greek people did not believe that a person could live after they died. Paul defends the resurrection of Jesus. He teaches why it is important to all believers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/resurrection]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Resurrection<br>Paul presents the resurrection as the ultimate proof that Jesus is God. Christ is the first of many who God will raise to life. The resurrection is central to the gospel. Few doctrines are as important as this one. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/goodnews]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/raise]])<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>Paul uses many different figures of speech in this chapter. He uses them to express difficult theological teachings in a way that people can understand.<br>
6911CO151gc6n0Connecting Statement:Paul reminds them that it is the gospel that saves them and he tells them again what the gospel is. Then he gives them a short history lesson, which ends with what will yet happen.
6921CO151la9vγνωρίζω…ὑμῖ1make known to you“help you remember”
6931CO151xv53figs-metaphorἐν ᾧ…ἑστήκατε1on which you standPaul is speaking of the Corinthians as if they were a house and the gospel as if it were the foundation on which the house was standing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
6941CO152xh29figs-activepassiveσῴζεσθε1you are being savedThis can be stated in active form. “God will save you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
6951CO152le2kτίνι λόγῳ εὐηγγελισάμην ὑμῖν1the word I preached to you“the message I preached to you”
6961CO153sp4pἐν πρώτοις1as of first importancePossible meanings are 1) as the most important of many things or 2) as the first in time .
6971CO153azw6ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν1for our sins“to pay for our sins” or “so that God could forgive our sins”
6981CO153inj2κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς1according to the scripturesPaul is referring to the writings of the Old Testament.
6991CO154wa7mfigs-activepassiveἐτάφη1he was buriedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7001CO154n7c7figs-activepassiveἐγήγερται1he was raisedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God raised him” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7011CO154d6ewἐγήγερται1was raised“was caused to live again”
7021CO155rhd30Connecting Statement:If you need for verse 5 to be a complete sentence, end [1 Corinthians 15:4](../15/04.md) with a comma so that verse 5 completes the sentence begun in [1 Corinthians 15:3](../15/03.md).
7031CO155q3nbὤφθη1he appeared“showed himself to”
7041CO156l7vctranslate-numbersπεντακοσίοις1five hundred500 (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
7051CO156q8blfigs-euphemismτινὲς…ἐκοιμήθησαν1some have fallen asleep“Sleep” here is a common euphemism for death. Alternate translation: “some have died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
7061CO158n9c6ἔσχατον…πάντων1Last of all“Finally, after he had appeared to the others”
7071CO158vg7tfigs-idiomτῷ ἐκτρώματι1a child born at the wrong timeThis is an idiom by which Paul may mean that he became a Christian much later than the other apostles. Or perhaps he means that, unlike the other apostles, he did not witness Jesus three-year-long ministry. Alternate translation: “someone who missed the experiences of the others” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7081CO1510xiq6χάριτι…Θεοῦ, εἰμι ὅ εἰμι1by the grace of God I am what I amGods grace or kindness has made Paul as he is now.
7091CO1510n45hfigs-litotesἡ χάρις αὐτοῦ ἡ εἰς ἐμὲ, οὐ κενὴ ἐγενήθη1his grace in me was not in vainPaul is emphasizing through litotes that God worked through Paul. Alternate translation: “because he was kind to me, I was able to do much good work” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
7101CO1510xh95figs-metaphorἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ σὺν ἐμοί1the grace of God that is with mePaul speaks of the work he was able to do because God was kind to him as if that grace were actually doing the work. Alternate translation: Possible meanings are 1) this is literally true, and God actually did the work and kindly used Paul as a tool or 2) Paul is using a metaphor and saying that God was kind to let Paul do the work and to make Pauls work have good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7111CO1512ub2pfigs-rquestionπῶς λέγουσιν ἐν ὑμῖν τινες, ὅτι ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν?1how can some of you say there is no resurrection of the dead?Paul is using this question to begin a new topic. Alternate translation: “you should not be saying that there is no resurrection of the dead!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7121CO1512jbi8ἐγήγερται1raisedmade alive again
7131CO1513cn2mfigs-hypoεἰ…ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται1if there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raisedPaul is using a hypothetical case to argue that there is a resurrection of the dead. He knows that Christ has been raised and so infers that there is a resurrection. To say that there is no resurrection is to say that Christ has not been raised, but this is false because Paul has seen the resurrected Christ ([1 Corinthians 15:8](../15/08.md)). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
7141CO1513mi12figs-activepassiveοὐδὲ Χριστὸς ἐγήγερται1not even Christ has been raisedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not even raised Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7151CO1515gi990Connecting Statement:Paul wants them assured that Christ rose from the dead.
7161CO1515ctn5εὑρισκόμεθα…ψευδομάρτυρες τοῦ Θεοῦ1we are found to be false witnesses about GodPaul is arguing that if Christ did not rise from the dead, then they are bearing false witness or lying about Christs coming alive again.
7171CO1515aq5sfigs-activepassiveεὑρισκόμεθα1we are found to beThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone will realize that we are” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7181CO1517v6vzματαία ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν, ἔτι ἐστὲ ἐν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ὑμῶν1your faith is in vain and you are still in your sinsTheir faith is based on Christ having risen from the dead, so if that did not happen, their faith will do them no good.
7191CO1519d9nqπάντων ἀνθρώπων1of all people“of everyone, including believers and non-believers”
7201CO1519ts7uἐλεεινότεροι πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐσμέν1of all people we are most to be pitied“people should feel sorry for us more than they do for anyone else”
7211CO1520cxp9νυνὶ…Χριστὸς1now Christ“as it is, Christ” or “this is the truth: Christ”
7221CO1520zw31figs-metaphorἀπαρχὴ1the firstfruitsHere “firstfruits” is a metaphor, comparing Christ to the first of the harvest, which would be followed by the rest of the harvest. Christ was the first to be raised from the dead. Alternate translation: “who is like the first part of the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7231CO1520n6clfigs-activepassiveΧριστὸς ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν, ἀπαρχὴ τῶν κεκοιμημένων1Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruit of those who have fallen asleep“Raised” here is an idiom for “caused to live again.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has raised Christ, who is the firstfruits of those who died” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7241CO1521uca8figs-abstractnounsδι’ ἀνθρώπου θάνατος1death came by a manThe abstract noun “death” can be expressed with the verb “die.” Alternate translation. “people die because of what one man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7251CO1521gf8pfigs-abstractnounsκαὶ δι’ ἀνθρώπου ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν1by a man also came the resurrection of the deadThe abstract noun “resurrection” can be expressed with the verb “raise.” Alternate translation: “people are raised from the dead because of another man” or “people will become alive again because of what one man did” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7261CO1523p4g9figs-metaphorἀπαρχὴ1the firstfruitsHere “firstfruits” is a metaphor, comparing Christ to the first of the harvest, which would be followed by the rest of the harvest. Christ was the first to be raised from the dead. Alternate translation: “who is like the first part of the harvest” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7271CO1524u2980General Information:Here the words “he” and “his” refer to Christ.
7281CO1524uwh3καταργήσῃ πᾶσαν ἀρχὴν, καὶ πᾶσαν ἐξουσίαν, καὶ δύναμιν1he will abolish all rule and all authority and power“he will stop those people who rule, who have authority, and who have power from doing what they are doing”
7291CO1525t8mkfigs-idiomἄχρι οὗ θῇ πάντας τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ1until he has put all his enemies under his feetKings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. Alternate translation: “until God has completely destroyed all of Christs enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7301CO1526x49hfigs-activepassiveἔσχατος ἐχθρὸς καταργεῖται ὁ θάνατος1The last enemy to be destroyed is deathPaul speaks of death here as if it were a person whom God will kill. Alternate translation: “The final enemy that God will destroy is death itself” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
7311CO1527df59figs-idiomπάντα…ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ1he has put everything under his feetKings who won wars would put their feet on the necks of those whom they had defeated. See how “put…under his feet” is translated in [1 Corinthians 15:25](../15/25.md). Alternate translation: “God has completely destroyed all of Christs enemies” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
7321CO1528xm8ufigs-activepassiveὑποταγῇ αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα1all things are subjected to himThis can stated as active. Alternate translation: “God has made all things subject to Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7331CO1528a1cdfigs-activepassiveαὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς, ὑποταγήσεται1the Son himself will be subjectedThis can stated as active. Alternate translation: “the Son himself will become subject” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7341CO1528ksj4αὐτὸς ὁ Υἱὸς1the Son himselfIn the previous verses he was referred to as “Christ.” Alternate translation: “Christ, that is, the Son himself”
7351CO1528im2jguidelines-sonofgodprinciplesὁ Υἱὸς1the SonThis is an important title that describes the relationship between Jesus and God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/guidelines-sonofgodprinciples]])
7361CO1529a4d4figs-rquestionἐπεὶ τί ποιήσουσιν, οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν?1Or else what will those do who are baptized for the dead?Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Otherwise it would be useless for Christians to receive baptism for the dead.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7371CO1529lw86figs-hypoεἰ ὅλως νεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται, τί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν?1If the dead are not raised at all, why are they baptized for them?Paul uses a hypothetical situation to argue that the dead are raised. To say that the dead are not raised is to say that people should not be baptized for the dead. But some people, probably some members of the church in Corinth, are baptized for the dead, so he infers those people are baptized for the dead because they believe that the dead are raised. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
7381CO1529jdc9figs-activepassiveνεκροὶ οὐκ ἐγείρονται1the dead are not raisedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God does not raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7391CO1529t3ycοὐκ ἐγείρονται1are not raised“are not caused to live again”
7401CO1529s7kxfigs-rquestionτί καὶ βαπτίζονται ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν1why then are they baptized for them?Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. It can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there would be no reason for them to have people baptize them on behalf of dead people.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7411CO1530h4rafigs-rquestionτί καὶ ἡμεῖς κινδυνεύομεν πᾶσαν ὥραν1Why then, are we in danger every hour?Paul uses this question to teach the Corinthians. The reason he and others were in danger is that some people were angry that they taught that Jesus will raise people from death. Alternate translation: “If people will not rise from the dead, we gain nothing by being in danger every hour for teaching that people will rise.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7421CO1531i7d7figs-hyperboleκαθ’ ἡμέραν ἀποθνῄσκω1I die every day!This exaggeration means he was in danger of dying. He knew that some people wanted to kill him because they did not like what he was teaching. Alternate translation: “Every day I am in danger of dying” or “Every day I risk my life!” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
7431CO1531d51tνὴ τὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν1I swear by my boasting in youPaul uses this statement as evidence that he faces death every day. Alternate translation: “You can know that this is true, because you know about my boasting in you” or “You can know that this is true, because you know about how much I boast in you”
7441CO1531znl3figs-explicitτὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν, ἀδελφοί, ἣν ἔχω ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν1my boasting in you, brothers, which I have in Christ Jesus our LordPaul boasted in them because of what Christ Jesus had done for them. Alternate translation: “my boasting in you, which I do because of what Christ Jesus our Lord has done for you” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
7451CO1531p3ymτὴν ὑμετέραν καύχησιν1my boasting in you“the way I tell other people how good you are”
7461CO1532q6mbfigs-rquestionεἰ…ἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ…τί μοι τὸ ὄφελος…οὐκ ἐγείρονται1What do I gain…if I fought with beasts at Ephesus…not raisedPaul wants the Corinthians to understand without him having to tell them. This can be a statement. Alternate translation: “I gained nothing…by fighting with beasts at Ephesus…not raised.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7471CO1532lm3vfigs-metaphorἐθηριομάχησα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ1I fought with beasts at EphesusPaul is referring to something that he actually did. Possible meanings are 1) Paul was speaking figuratively about his arguments with learned pagans or other conflicts with people who wanted to kill him or 2) he was actually put into the arena to fight against dangerous animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7481CO1532c36aφάγωμεν καὶ πίωμεν, αὔριον γὰρ ἀποθνῄσκομεν1Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we diePaul concludes that if there is no further life after death, it is better for us to enjoy this life as we can, for tomorrow our life will end without any further hope.
7491CO1533q7ucφθείρουσιν ἤθη χρηστὰ ὁμιλίαι κακαί1Bad company corrupts good moralsIf you live with bad people, you will act like them. Paul is quoting a common saying.
7501CO1534gr3vἐκνήψατε1Sober up“You must think seriously about this”
7511CO1535w4hk0Connecting Statement:Paul gives some specifics about how the resurrection of the believers bodies will take place. He gives a picture of natural and spiritual bodies and compares the first man Adam with the last Adam, Christ.
7521CO1535hw4afigs-rquestionἀλλ’ ἐρεῖ τις, πῶς ἐγείρονται οἱ νεκροί? ποίῳ δὲ σώματι ἔρχονται?1But someone will say, “How are the dead raised, and with what kind of body will they come?”Possible meanings are 1) The person is asking sincerely or 2) the person is using the question to mock the idea of a resurrection. Alternate translation: “But some will say that they cannot imagine how God will raise the dead, and what kind of body God would give them in the resurrection.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7531CO1535ty4tἐρεῖ τις1someone will say“someone will ask”
7541CO1535e5lvποίῳ…σώματι ἔρχονται1with what kind of body will they comeThat is, will it be a physical body or a spiritual body? What shape will the body have? What will the body be made of? Translate using the most general question that someone who wants to know the answers to these questions would ask.
7551CO1536ha84figs-youἄφρων! σὺ ὃ σπείρεις1You are so foolish! What you sowPaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so both instances of “you” here are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
7561CO1536jnf9ἄφρων! σὺ1You are so foolish! What you sow“You do not know about this at all”
7571CO1536q2zdfigs-metaphorὃ σπείρεις, οὐ ζῳοποιεῖται, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποθάνῃ1What you sow will not start to grow unless it diesA seed will not grow unless it is first buried underground. In the same way, a person has to die before God can resurrect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7581CO1537pw6vfigs-metaphorὃ σπείρεις, οὐ τὸ σῶμα τὸ γενησόμενον1What you sow is not the body that will bePaul uses the metaphor of the seed again to say that God will resurrect the dead body of the believer, but that body will not appear as it was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7591CO1537h6zifigs-youὃ σπείρεις1What you sowPaul is speaking to the Corinthians as if they were one person, so the word “you” here is singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
7601CO1538dmx1ὁ…Θεὸς δίδωσιν αὐτῷ σῶμα, καθὼς ἠθέλησεν1God will give it a body as he chooses“God will decide what kind of body it will have”
7611CO1539qi8yσὰρξ1fleshIn the context of animals, “flesh” may be translated as “body,” “skin,” or “meat.”
7621CO1540d9k2σώματα ἐπουράνια1heavenly bodiesPossible meanings are 1) the sun, moon, stars, and other visible lights in the sky or 2) heavenly beings, such as angels and other supernatural beings.
7631CO1540k9pgσώματα ἐπίγεια1earthly bodiesThis refers to humans.
7641CO1540qg3pἑτέρα μὲν ἡ τῶν ἐπουρανίων δόξα, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ τῶν ἐπιγείων1the glory of the heavenly body is one kind and the glory of the earthly is another“the glory that heavenly bodies have is different from the glory of human bodies”
7651CO1540j1kbδόξα1gloryHere “glory” refers to the relative brightness to the human eye of objects in the sky.
7661CO1542s12tfigs-idiomσπείρεται…ἐγείρεται1What is sown…what is raisedThe writer speaks of a persons body being buried as if it were a seed that is planted in the ground. And he speaks of a persons body being raised from the dead as if it were a plant growing from the seed. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “What goes into the ground…what comes out of the ground” or “What people bury…what God raises” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7671CO1542ay76ἐγείρεται1is raised“is caused to live again”
7681CO1542rw3kἐν φθορᾷ…ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ1in decay…in immortality“can rot…cannot rot”
7691CO1543h4u5figs-idiomσπείρεται…ἐγείρεται1It is sown…it is raisedThe writer speaks of a persons body being buried as if it were a seed that is planted in the ground. And he speaks of a persons body being raised from the dead as if it were a plant growing from the seed. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It goes into the ground…it comes out of the ground” or “People bury it…God raises it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7701CO1544u856figs-idiomσπείρεται…ἐγείρεται1It is sown…it is raisedThe writer speaks of a persons body being buried as if it were a seed that is planted in the ground. And he speaks of a persons body being raised from the dead as if it were a plant growing from the seed. The passive verbs can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “It goes into the ground…it comes out of the ground” or “People bury it…God raises it” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7711CO1546fc51ἀλλ’ οὐ πρῶτον τὸ πνευματικὸν, ἀλλὰ τὸ ψυχικόν, ἔπειτα τὸ πνευματικόν1But the spiritual did not come first but the natural, and then the spiritual“The natural being came first. The spiritual being is from God and came later.”
7721CO1546nd64ψυχικόν1naturalcreated by earthly processes, not yet connected to God
7731CO1547m2pjfigs-activepassiveὁ πρῶτος ἄνθρωπος ἐκ γῆς, χοϊκός1The first man is of the earth, made of dustGod made the first man, Adam, from the dust of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7741CO1547zmx6χοϊκός1dustdirt
7751CO1548r9beὁ ἐπουράνιος1ὁ ἐπουράνιοςJesus Christ
7761CO1548s9pnοἱ…ἐπουράνιοι1those who are of heaven“those who belong to God”
7771CO1549mq8zἐφορέσαμεν τὴν εἰκόνα…φορέσωμεν καὶ τὴν εἰκόνα1have borne the image…will also bear the image“have been just like…will also be just like”
7781CO1550jub20Connecting Statement:Paul wants them to realize that some believers will not die physically but will still get a resurrected body through Christs victory.
7791CO1550mwy3figs-parallelismσὰρξ καὶ αἷμα Βασιλείαν Θεοῦ κληρονομῆσαι οὐ δύναται, οὐδὲ ἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν κληρονομεῖ1flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither does what is perishable inherit what is imperishablePossible meanings are 1) the two sentences mean the same thing. Alternate translation: “human beings who will surely die cannot inherit the permanent kingdom of God” or 2) the second sentence finishes the thought begun by the first. Alternate translation: “weak human beings cannot inherit the kingdom of God. Neither do those who will certainly die inherit a kingdom that will last forever” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
7801CO1550nz7sfigs-metaphorσὰρξ καὶ αἷμα1flesh and bloodThose who inhabit a body that is doomed to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
7811CO1550e4gdfigs-metaphorκληρονομῆσαι1inheritReceiving what God has promised believers is spoken of as if it were inheriting property and wealth from a family member. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7821CO1550b9hcἡ φθορὰ, τὴν ἀφθαρσίαν1the perishable…the imperishable“can rot…cannot rot.” See how these words are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
7831CO1551k5dwfigs-activepassiveπάντες…ἀλλαγησόμεθα1we will all be changedThis can be stated as active. Alternate translation: “God will change us all” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7841CO1552p8f8figs-activepassiveἀλλαγησόμεθα1We will be changedThis can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will change us” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7851CO1552r4ixἐν ῥιπῇ ὀφθαλμοῦ1in the twinkling of an eyeIt will happen as fast as it takes for a person to blink his or her eye.
7861CO1552h668ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι1at the last trumpet“when the last trumpet sounds”
7871CO1552l66qfigs-activepassiveοἱ νεκροὶ ἐγερθήσονται1the dead will be raisedThis can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will raise the dead” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
7881CO1552ymk9ἐγερθήσονται1raised“caused to live again”
7891CO1552bmx2ἄφθαρτοι1imperishable“in a form that cannot rot.” See how a similar phrase is translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
7901CO1553nua2τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο…ἀφθαρσίαν1this perishable body…is imperishable“this body that can rot…cannot rot.” See how similar phrases are translated in [1 Corinthians 15:42](../15/42.md).
7911CO1553iyd2figs-metaphorδεῖ…ἐνδύσασθαι1must put onPaul is speaking of God making our bodies so they will never die again as if God were putting new clothes on us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7921CO1554qq5mfigs-personificationὅταν…τὸ φθαρτὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀφθαρσίαν1when this perishable body has put on what is imperishableHere the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming imperishable is spoken of as if being imperishable was clothing that a body would wear. Alternate translation: “when this perishable body has become imperishable” or “when this body that can rot can no longer rot” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7931CO1554j9zsfigs-personificationτὸ θνητὸν τοῦτο ἐνδύσηται ἀθανασίαν1this mortal body has put on immortalityHere the body is spoken of as if it were a person, and becoming immortal is spoken of as if being immortal was clothing that a body would wear. Alternate translation: “when this mortal body has become immortal” or “when this body that can die can no longer die” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
7941CO1555c9zwfigs-apostropheποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ νῖκος? ποῦ σου, θάνατε, τὸ κέντρον?1Death, where is your victory? Death, where is your sting?Paul speaks as if death were a person, and he uses this question to mock the power of death, which Christ has defeated. Alternate translation: “Death has no victory. Death has no sting.” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
7951CO1555gg3dfigs-youσου…σου1your…yourThese are singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
7961CO1556iyd3τὸ…κέντρον τοῦ θανάτου ἡ ἁμαρτία1the sting of death is sinIt is through sin that we are destined to face death, that is to die.
7971CO1556pf4eἡ…δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος1the power of sin is the lawGods law that was passed down by Moses defines sin and shows us how we sin before God.
7981CO1557ztj6τῷ διδόντι ἡμῖν τὸ νῖκος1gives us the victory“has defeated death for us”
7991CO1558k4c40Connecting Statement:Paul wants believers, while they work for the Lord, to remember the changed, resurrected bodies that God is going to give them.
8001CO1558j1plfigs-metaphorἑδραῖοι γίνεσθε, ἀμετακίνητοι1be steadfast and immovablePaul speaks of someone who lets nothing stop him from carrying out his decisions as if he could not be physically moved. Alternate translation: “be determined” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8011CO1558zn8ffigs-metaphorπερισσεύοντες ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ τοῦ Κυρίου πάντοτε1Always abound in the work of the LordPaul speaks of efforts made in working for the Lord as if they were objects that a person could acquire more of. Alternate translation: “Always work for the Lord faithfully” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8021CO16introabcj0# 1 Corinthians 16 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul briefly covers many topics in this chapter. It was common in the ancient Near East for the last part of letters to have personal greetings.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Preparation for his coming<br><br>Paul gave practical instructions to help prepare the Corinthian church for his visit. He told them to start collecting money every Sunday for the believers in Jerusalem. He hoped to come and spend the winter with them. He told them to help Timothy when he came. He had hoped Apollos would go to them, but Apollos did not think it was the right time. Paul also told them to obey Stephanus. Finally, he sent his greetings to everyone.<br>
8031CO161zh6u0Connecting Statement:In his closing notes, Paul reminds the Corinthian believers to collect money for the needy believers in Jerusalem. He reminds them that Timothy will come to them before he goes to Paul.
8041CO161yer5εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους1for the saintsPaul was collecting money from his churches for the poor Jewish Christians in Jerusalem and Judea.
8051CO161kh6hὥσπερ διέταξα1as I directed“as I gave specific instructions”
8061CO162h8n9θησαυρίζων1storing upPossible meanings are: 1) “keep it at home” or 2) “leave it with the church”
8071CO162wc3wἵνα μὴ ὅταν ἔλθω, τότε λογεῖαι γίνωνται1so that there will be no collections when I come“so that you will not have to collect more money while I am with you”
8081CO163yj6cοὓς ἐὰν δοκιμάσητε1whomever you approvePaul is telling the church to choose some of their own people to take their offering to Jerusalem. “whomever you choose” or “the people you appoint”
8091CO163j612δι’ ἐπιστολῶν…πέμψω1I will send with lettersPossible meanings are 1) “I will send with letters that I will write” or 2) “I will send with letters that you will write.”
8101CO166w94kὑμεῖς με προπέμψητε, οὗ ἐὰν πορεύωμαι1you may help me on my way, wherever I goThis means they might give Paul money or other things he needs so that he and his ministry team could continue to travel.
8111CO167xr88οὐ θέλω…ὑμᾶς ἄρτι…ἰδεῖν1I do not wish to see you nowPaul is stating that he wants to visit for a long time later, not just for a short time soon.
8121CO168qkw9τῆς Πεντηκοστῆς1PentecostPaul would stay in Ephesus until this festival, which came in May or June, 50 days after Passover. He would then travel through Macedonia, and later try to arrive in Corinth before winter started in November.
8131CO169fyj3figs-metaphorθύρα…ἀνέῳγεν μεγάλη1a wide door has openedPaul speaks of the opportunity God has given him to win people to the gospel as if it were a door that God had opened so he could walk through it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8141CO1610p6vbβλέπετε ἵνα ἀφόβως γένηται πρὸς ὑμᾶς1see that he is with you unafraid“see that he has no cause to fear being with you”
8151CO1611f4mwμή τις…αὐτὸν ἐξουθενήσῃ1Let no one despise himBecause Timothy was much younger than Paul, sometimes he was not shown the respect he deserved as a minister of the gospel.
8161CO1612is6jfigs-inclusiveἈπολλῶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ1our brother ApollosHere the word “our” refers to Paul and his readers, so it is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])
8171CO1613p2lafigs-parallelismγρηγορεῖτε, στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει, ἀνδρίζεσθε, κραταιοῦσθε1Stay alert; stand firm in the faith; act like men; be strongPaul is describing what he wants the Corinthians to do as if he was giving four commands to soldiers in war. These four commands mean almost the same thing and are used for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
8181CO1613ng8nfigs-metaphorγρηγορεῖτε1Stay alertPaul speaks of people being aware of what is happening as if they were guards keeping watch over a city or vineyard. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “Be careful whom you trust” or “Watch out for danger” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8191CO1613uys8figs-metaphorστήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει1stand firm in the faithPaul speaks of people continuing to believe in Christ according to his teaching as if they were soldiers refusing to retreat when the enemy attacks. Possible meanings are 1) “keep strongly believing what we have taught you” or 2) “keep strongly trusting in Christ” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8201CO1613a3fsfigs-metaphorἀνδρίζεσθε1act like menIn the society in which Paul and his audience lived, men usually provided for families by doing the heavy work and fighting against invaders. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: “be responsible” (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
8211CO1614rij5πάντα ὑμῶν ἐν ἀγάπῃ γινέσθω1Let all that you do be done in love“Everything you do should show people that you love them”
8221CO1615fy4e0Connecting Statement:Paul begins to close his letter and sends greetings from other churches, as well as from Prisca, Aquila, and Paul himself.
8231CO1615asp2translate-namesτὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ1the household of StephanasStephanas was one of the first believers in the church at Corinth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8241CO1615na2ptranslate-namesἈχαΐας1AchaiaThis is the name of a province in Greece. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8251CO1617iju8Στεφανᾶ, καὶ Φορτουνάτου, καὶ Ἀχαϊκοῦ1Stephanas, and Fortunatus, and AchaicusThese men were either some of the first Corinthian believers or church elders who were co-workers with Paul.
8261CO1617e79ztranslate-namesΣτεφανᾶ, καὶ Φορτουνάτου, καὶ Ἀχαϊκοῦ1Stephanas, and Fortunatus, and AchaicusThese are mens names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
8271CO1617an3eτὸ ὑμῶν ὑστέρημα οὗτοι ἀνεπλήρωσαν1They have made up for your absence“They made up for the fact that you were not here.”
8281CO1618f3kgἀνέπαυσαν γὰρ τὸ ἐμὸν πνεῦμα1For they have refreshed my spiritPaul is saying he was encouraged by their visit.
8291CO1621izu6ὁ ἀσπασμὸς τῇ ἐμῇ χειρὶ, Παύλου1I, Paul, write this with my own handPaul was making it clear that the instructions in this letter are from him, even though one of his co-laborers wrote what Paul was saying in the rest of the letter. Paul wrote this last part with his own hand.
8301CO1622c1kxἤτω ἀνάθεμα1may he be accursed“may God curse him.” See how “accursed” was translated in [1 Corinthians 12:3](../12/03.md).