Bussard_fr_tn/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	JOL	01	intro	q2ev			0		# Joel 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULT is written in poetic form, but the UST has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Locusts<br>This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel.<br><br>It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>##### Rhetorical Questions<br>The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
3	JOL	01	01	qry6	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4	JOL	01	01	qwp8			0	Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
5	JOL	01	01	m5wr	translate-names		0	Pethuel	Joel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6	JOL	01	04	m68u	translate-unknown		0	the swarming locust	large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
7	JOL	01	04	ny2z			0	swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillar	These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language.
8	JOL	01	05	zk2a			0	General Information:	God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army.
9	JOL	01	06	qm8j	figs-metaphor		0	a nation	The locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10	JOL	01	06	mpz6	figs-parallelism		0	His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness.	These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11	JOL	01	06	aj1z			0	my land	Yahweh's land
12	JOL	01	07	hi96			0	my vineyard ... my fig tree	Yahweh's vineyard and fig tree
13	JOL	01	07	k8l9			0	desolate	empty and without life
14	JOL	01	08	iwe3			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
15	JOL	01	11	mx5v			0	General Information:	God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
16	JOL	01	11	eeq1	translate-unknown		0	barley	a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
17	JOL	01	12	pk4b			0	withered	dried up and died
18	JOL	01	12	r11a	translate-unknown		0	fig ... pomegranate ... apple	different types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
19	JOL	01	13	uv6d			0	General Information:	God speaks to the priests in Israel
20	JOL	01	13	w9cv			0	the grain offering and the drink offering	regular offerings in the temple
21	JOL	01	14	z8ne			0	the house of Yahweh your God	the temple in Jerusalem
22	JOL	01	15	q895			0	General Information:	This is what God is telling the priests to say.
23	JOL	01	16	ppt5	figs-doublet		0	joy and gladness	These two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
24	JOL	01	17	y7su			0	clods	lumps of dirt
25	JOL	01	18	w5nw			0	General Information:	God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel.
26	JOL	01	18	ul6j			0	groan	make a deep sound because of pain
27	JOL	01	20	n9lf			0	brooks	small streams
28	JOL	02	intro	j2gp			0		# Joel 02 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Locusts<br><br>This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel.<br><br>#### Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>##### Metaphor<br>The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
29	JOL	02	01	t9j9	figs-parallelism		0	General Information:	Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
30	JOL	02	01	m7i5			0	Blow the trumpet ... sound an alarm	Joel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
31	JOL	02	02	st7t			0	gloom	total or partial darkness
32	JOL	02	03	xcv4			0	General Information:	Joel's description of the coming army continues.
33	JOL	02	03	z5iu	figs-metaphor		0	behind it a flame is burning	After a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34	JOL	02	03	yne4	figs-simile		0	land is like the garden of Eden	The garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
35	JOL	02	04	ex3a			0	General Information:	The description continues with the noises of an army of horses.
36	JOL	02	04	ztn5	figs-simile		0	The army's appearance is like horses	The head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
37	JOL	02	04	fdt4	translate-unknown		0	horses	A large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
38	JOL	02	04	myc3	figs-simile		0	they run like horsemen	Men riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
39	JOL	02	05	m6fl			0	jump	A horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
40	JOL	02	06	bh52			0	General Information:	Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh.
41	JOL	02	07	e5ge	figs-personification		0	They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiers	The army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
42	JOL	02	07	d4kv			0	walls	walls around the cities
43	JOL	02	08	u5ew			0	General Information:	The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues.
44	JOL	02	08	yt67			0	they break through the defenses	they overcome the soldiers defending the city.
45	JOL	02	10	lm84	figs-hyperbole		0	the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shining	This exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
46	JOL	02	13	e3gw			0	turn from	stop
47	JOL	02	16	jzj1			0	bridal chambers	rooms, usually in the parents' houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies
48	JOL	02	17	fek9			0	do not make your inheritance into an object of scorn	do not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless
49	JOL	02	18	xeg7			0	his land	the nation of Israel
50	JOL	02	18	im7l			0	his people	the people of Israel
51	JOL	02	19	lu18			0	Look	Pay attention to what I am about to say
52	JOL	02	19	jde5			0	You will be satisfied with them	You will have all you need of them
53	JOL	02	19	tqc6			0	a disgrace	unworthy of respect
54	JOL	02	20	q49d			0	General Information:	God continues his promise to Israel.
55	JOL	02	20	khh7			0	northern ... eastern ... western	These directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
56	JOL	02	20	v9xy			0	the eastern sea	the Dead Sea
57	JOL	02	20	ue9y			0	the western sea	the Mediterranean Sea
58	JOL	02	23	xlq6			0	he will ... bring down showers for you	he will ... cause much rain to fall so that you will live well
59	JOL	02	23	vnx8			0	autumn rain and the spring rain	the first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May
60	JOL	02	24	gw97			0	Connecting Statement:	Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites.
61	JOL	02	24	p8u1			0	vats	large containers for liquids
62	JOL	02	25	k6bd			0	the years of crops that the swarming locust has eaten	the crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten
63	JOL	02	25	e81a			0	swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locust	These are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md).
64	JOL	02	26	qw24			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
65	JOL	02	28	h1ph			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
66	JOL	02	28	p6xw			0	It will come about afterward that I	This is what I will do after that: I
67	JOL	02	30	c326			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
68	JOL	02	31	e1db			0	The sun will turn into darkness	The sun will no longer give light
69	JOL	02	32	xyf3			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
70	JOL	02	32	w6nv			0	It will be that everyone	This is what will happen: everyone
71	JOL	02	32	e73u			0	survivors	people who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
72	JOL	03	intro	jcn7			0		# Joel 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>##### Israel<br>The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.<br>
73	JOL	03	01	b14f			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
74	JOL	03	01	c3ys			0	when I return the exiles of Judah and Jerusalem	When I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem
75	JOL	03	04	k66w			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
76	JOL	03	07	d8mh			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
77	JOL	03	07	dc6d	figs-explicit		0	out of the place where you sold them	The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
78	JOL	03	07	uh32			0	return payment	give back what you deserve
79	JOL	03	08	t9jc	translate-names		0	Sabeans	the people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80	JOL	03	09	ih66	figs-irony		0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
81	JOL	03	09	d6ny			0	rouse the mighty men	make the mighty men ready for action
82	JOL	03	10	t93c	figs-parallelism		0	Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spears	These two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
83	JOL	03	10	ze4m			0	plowshares	tools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
84	JOL	03	10	epv7			0	pruning knives	knives that are used to cut off small branches
85	JOL	03	11	iq6r			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
86	JOL	03	11	rp2a	figs-irony		0	Hurry and come ... together there	These words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
87	JOL	03	12	b1jw			0	General Information:	Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
88	JOL	03	13	hq7f	figs-metaphor		0	Put in the sickle ... the winepress is full	Possible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89	JOL	03	13	zx33			0	sickle	a long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
90	JOL	03	13	rua7			0	the harvest is ripe	the grain is ready to be harvested
91	JOL	03	13	haw5	figs-metaphor		0	The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormous	Yahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92	JOL	03	14	y2ge			0	a tumult, a tumult	A tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
93	JOL	03	14	r3ir			0	Valley of Judgment ... Valley of Judgment	This phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
94	JOL	03	16	fj29			0	General Information:	Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
95	JOL	03	17	isx1			0	So you will know	When I do these things, you will know
96	JOL	03	18	kj6z			0	General Information:	God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
97	JOL	03	18	l5yu			0	all the brooks of Judah will flow with water	water will flow through all the brooks of Judah
98	JOL	03	18	k6qq			0	water the Valley of Shittim	will send water to the Valley of Shittim
99	JOL	03	19	la92			0	Egypt will become an abandoned devastation	Everyone will leave Egypt and no one will live there
100	JOL	03	19	au36			0	Edom will become an abandoned wilderness	Everyone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there
101	JOL	03	19	c2r8			0	because of the violence done to the people of Judah	because of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah
102	JOL	03	20	y198			0	General Information:	Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.