Bussard_fr_tn/en_tn_57-TIT.tsv

1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	OrigQuote	Occurrence	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	TIT	front	intro	m2jl			0		# Introduction à Tite<br><br>## 1e partie : Introduction générale<br><br>### Aperçu du livre de Tite<br><br>1. Paul ordonne à Tite de nommer des chefs pieux. (1:1-16)<br>2. Paul ordonne à Tite de former les gens à vivre une vie pieuse. (2:1-3:11)<br>3. Paul termine en partageant certains de ses plans et en envoyant des salutations à divers croyants. (3:12-15)<br><br>### Qui a écrit le Livre de Tite ?<br><br>Paul a écrit le livre de Tite. Paul était de la ville de Tarse. Il avait été connu sous le nom de Saul au début de sa vie. Avant de devenir chrétien, Paul était un pharisien. Il a persécuté les Chrétiens. Après être devenu chrétien, il a voyagé plusieurs fois à travers l’Empire Romain pour parler de Jésus aux gens.<br><br>### De quoi parle le Livre de Tite ?<br><br>Paul a écrit cette lettre à Titus, son compagnon de travail, qui dirigeait les églises de l’île de Crète. Paul l’a instruit sur la sélection des dirigeants de l’église. Paul a également décrit comment les croyants devraient se comporter les uns envers les autres. Il les a tous encouragés à vivre d’une manière qui plaît à Dieu.<br><br>### Comment traduire le titre de ce livre ?<br><br>Les traducteurs peuvent choisir d’appeler ce livre par son titre traditionnel, « Tite ». Ou bien, ils peuvent choisir un titre plus clair, comme “Lettre de Paul à Tite” ou “Une lettre à Tite”. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])<br><br>## Deuxième partie : Concepts religieux et culturels importants<br><br>### Dans quels rôles les gens peuvent-ils servir au sein de l’Église ?<br><br>Il y a quelques enseignements dans le Livre de Tite sur la question de savoir si une femme ou un homme divorcé peut occuper des postes de direction au sein de l’église. Les érudits sont en désaccord sur le sens de ces enseignements. Une étude plus approfondie de ces questions pourrait être nécessaire avant de traduire ce livre.<br><br>## 3e partie : Problèmes importants de traduction<br><br>### Le singulier et le pluriel du pronom personnel de la 2e personne<br><br>Dans ce livre, le mot “Je” fait référence à Paul. Mais le mot “tu” est presque toujours au singulier et fait référence à Tite. Une exception est notée à 3:15. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])<br><br>### Que signifie **Dieu notre Sauveur** ?<br><br>C’est une expression courante dans cette lettre. Paul voulait faire réfléchir les lecteurs sur la façon dont Dieu leur a pardonné en Christ d’avoir péché contre lui, et en leur pardonnant, il les a sauvés de la punition qui viendra lorsqu’il jugera tout le monde. Une expression semblable dans cette lettre est **notre grand Dieu et Sauveur Jésus-Christ**.
3	TIT	1	intro	c7me			0		# Tite 1. Notes génerales<br><br>## Structure et forme<br><br>Paul introduit formellement cette lettre dans les versets 1-4. Les écrivains commençaient souvent des lettres de cette façon dans l’ancien Proche-Orient.<br><br>Aux versets 6-9, Paul énumère plusieurs qualités qu’un homme doit avoir s’il veut être un ancien dans l’église (Voir : rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns) Paul donne une liste comparable dans 1 Timothée 3.<br><br>## Concepts spéciaux de ce chapitre<br><br>### Ancien<br><br>L’église a utilisé des titres divers pour ses dirigeants. Quelques-uns de ces titres comprennent surveillant, ancien, pasteur et évêque.<br><br>## Autres difficultés de traduction possibles dans ce chapitre<br><br>### Devrait, peut, doit<br><br>Le GLT utilise des mots différents qui indiquent des exigences ou des obligations. Ces verbes ont des niveaux de force différents auxquels ils sont associés. Ces différences subtiles pourraient être difficiles à traduire. Le GST traduit ces verbes de manière plus générale.
4	TIT	1	1	rtc9	figs-abstractnouns	κατὰ πίστιν	1	for the faith	**La foi** est un nom abstrait. Ici, il s’agit de croire ou de faire confiance à Jésus. Si c’est plus clair dans votre langue, vous pouvez le traduire avec un verbe comme ceux-ci, comme dans l’UST. Traduction alternative : “pour renforcer la foi” ou “aider \[le peuple élu de Dieu\] à lui faire davantage confiance” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
5	TIT	1	1	xyz8	figs-abstractnouns	ἐπίγνωσιν	1	the knowledge	La \*\*connaissance\*\* est un nom abstrait. Si c’est plus clair dans votre langue, vous pouvez utiliser un verbe tel que “connaître”, comme dans le GST. Paul veut que les gens connaissent le vrai message au sujet de Dieu et de Christ afin qu’ils puissent vivre d’une manière qui plaise à Dieu. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
6	TIT	1	1	abc8	figs-abstractnouns	ἀληθείας	1	of the truth	La **vérité** est un nom abstrait. Si c’est plus clair dans votre langue, vous pouvez utiliser l’adjectif “vrai” comme dans les expressions “ce qui est vrai” ou “le vrai message”. Paul veut que les gens connaissent le vrai message au sujet de Dieu et de Christ afin qu’ils puissent vivre d’une manière qui plaise à Dieu. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
7	TIT	1	1	fyf8	figs-abstractnouns	τῆς κατ’ εὐσέβειαν	1	that agrees with godliness	La **piété** est un nom abstrait qui fait référence à une mode de vie qui plaît à Dieu. Traduction alternative : “qui convient pour honorer Dieu” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
8	TIT	1	2	xyz9		ἐπ’ ἐλπίδι ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	with the certain hope of everlasting life	“qui nous donne l’espérance solide de la vie éternelle” ou “basé sur notre espérance de la vie éternelle”
9	TIT	1	2	r2gj		πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων	1	before all the ages of time	“avant le début du temps”
10	TIT	1	3	b22h		καιροῖς ἰδίοις	1	at the right time	D'autres traductions pourraient être, “en son temps”, “au moment approprié”, “au moment fixé”, “au temps propice”
11	TIT	1	3	swi9	figs-metaphor	ἐφανέρωσεν…τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ	1	he revealed his word	Paul parle de la parole de Dieu comme si c’était un objet qui pouvait être visiblement montré aux gens. Traduction alternative : “Il m’a fait comprendre son message” (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
12	TIT	1	3	abc9		ἐν κηρύγματι	1	by the proclamation	“par la proclamation du message”
13	TIT	1	3	m41u	figs-activepassive	ὃ ἐπιστεύθην ἐγὼ	1	that I was entrusted with	Vous pouvez le dire à la voix active. Traduction alternative : “il m’a fait confiance du message “ ou “il m’a confié la responsabilité de prêcher”  (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
14	TIT	1	3	dpn4		τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	of God our Savior	Traduction alternative : “de Dieu, qui nous sauve”
15	TIT	1	3	xy18	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Paul, Tite et tous les chrétiens sont inclus. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
16	TIT	1	4	gu55	figs-metaphor	γνησίῳ τέκνῳ	1	a true son	Tite n’était pas le fils biologique de Paul, mais ils partageaient une foi commune en Christ. Paul considère que la relation avec Christ par la foi est plus importante que la relation biologique. Donc, à cause de leurs âges relatifs et de la foi qu’ils partageaient en Christ, Paul considère Tite comme son propre fils. Il se peut aussi que Paul ait conduit Tite à la foi en Christ, et ainsi Tite est comme un fils dans le sens spirituel. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
17	TIT	1	4	wx6c		κοινὴν πίστιν	1	our common faith	Paul et Tite partagent la même foi dans le Christ.
18	TIT	1	4	s3yr		Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	Christ Jesus our Savior	“Jésus Christ qui est notre Sauveur”
19	TIT	1	4	xy17	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Paul, Tite et tous les chrétiens sont inclus. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
20	TIT	1	5	lh9b		ἀπέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ	1	I left you in Crete	“Je t’ai dit de rester en Crète”
21	TIT	1	5	p56w		πρεσβυτέρους	1	elders	Dans les premières églises chrétiennes, les anciens donnaient une direction spirituelle aux assemblées des croyants. Le mot “ancien” fait référence à des personnes matures dans la foi.
22	TIT	1	6	wja4			0	Connecting Statement:	Après avoir dit à Tite d'ordonner des anciens dans chaque ville de l'île de Crète, Paul donne ensuite les exigences pour les anciens.
23	TIT	1	7	lz7x		τὸν ἐπίσκοπον	1	the overseer	Un évêque est un autre nom pour la même position spirituelle de leadership que Paul a appelé **ancien** dans 1:5. Ce terme se concentre sur la fonction de l’ancien : il supervise les activités et les personnes de l’église.
24	TIT	1	7	g2zf	figs-metaphor	Θεοῦ οἰκονόμον	1	the household manager of God	Paul parle de l’église comme si c’était la maison de Dieu, et le surveillant comme s’il était un serviteur en charge de la gestion de cette maison. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
25	TIT	1	7	j1qq		μὴ πλήκτην	1	not a brawler	« pas quelqu’un qui manque de modération » ou « pas quelqu’un qui aime se battre »
26	TIT	1	8	i549	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	ἀλλὰ	1	Instead	Le mot de connexion **Au contraire** introduit un contraste entre ce qu’un ancien ne doit pas être (ce que Paul a déjà dit), et ce qu’un ancien doit être (ce que Paul est sur le point d’énoncer). (voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
27	TIT	1	8	xy12	figs-doublet	δίκαιον, ὅσιον	1	righteous, holy	These two terms are very similar in meaning and may be translated by one term if the target language does not have two similar terms. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
28	TIT	1	9	xy10		κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν	1	that is in accordance with the teaching	Paul dit à Tite que la Parole en laquelle un ancien croit et enseigne doit être en accord avec celle que Paul lui a apprise.
29	TIT	1	9	abcj	grammar-connect-logic-goal	ἵνα	1	so that	L'expression de connexion, **afin que**, introduit une relation d'objectif. L'objectif de l'ancien est de s'accrocher fermement au message digne de confiance pour qu’il soit capable d'encourager les autres et de réprimander ceux qui s'opposent à lui. Utilisez un connecteur dans votre langue qui montre clairement cet objectif. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal]])
30	TIT	1	9	pzi1		τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ	1	sound teaching	Le mot grec rendu ici par bon est **sain**. Il fait normalement référence à la santé physique. Paul parle de cet enseignement comme s'il permettra à ceux qui y croient d’être spirituellement sain.
31	TIT	1	10	xsq9			0	Connecting Statement:	À cause de ceux qui s'opposeront à la parole de Dieu, Paul donne à Tite des raisons de prêcher la parole de Dieu et le met en garde contre les faux enseignants.<br><br><br><br>
32	TIT	1	10	abcd	figs-hendiadys	ματαιολόγοι, καὶ φρεναπάται	1	empty talkers and deceivers	**Les bavards** et les **séducteurs** font tous deux référence à des personnes qui enseignaient des choses fausses et sans valeur et voulaient que les gens les croient. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
33	TIT	1	10	pu74	figs-metonymy	οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς	1	those from the circumcision	Selon Paul, beaucoup de bavards et de séducteurs étaient des chrétiens juifs qui enseignaient à tort que les hommes doivent être circoncis pour suivre Christ. (Voir: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
34	TIT	1	11	aqi5		ὅλους οἴκους ἀνατρέπουσιν	1	are upsetting whole households	Le problème causé par les bavards et les séducteurs, c’est qu’ils détournaient les familles de la vérité et détruisaient leur foi.
35	TIT	1	11	at7c		αἰσχροῦ κέρδους χάριν	1	for the sake of shameful profit	the GST makes it clear no need for the note
36	TIT	1	12	tr1j		τις ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἴδιος αὐτῶν προφήτης	1	One of them, of their own prophets	“A Cretan that they themselves consider to be a prophet” GST is clear, Eliminate?
37	TIT	1	13	abck	grammar-connect-logic-result	δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν	1	For this reason	Les mots de connexion **Pour cette raison** introduisent une relation raison-résultat. La raison est que ce que le prophète crétois a dit à propos de son peuple est vrai (ce sont des menteurs, des méchants et des paresseux). Et le résultat est que Tite devrait les réprimander sévèrement. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
38	TIT	1	13	abcl	grammar-connect-logic-result	ἵνα	1	so that	Les mots de connexion **afin que** introduisent une relation raison-résultat. La raison, c'est que l'ancien réprimande sévèrement les Crétois, et le résultat, c’est que les Crétois deviennent sains dans la foi. (Voir : [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result]])
39	TIT	1	13	xyz2	figs-abstractnouns	ἐν τῇ πίστει	1	in the faith	Here the abstract noun **faith** represents the things that the people believe about God. Alternate translation: “in what they believe about God” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
40	TIT	1	14	abcm	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	μὴ	1	not	The connecting word **not** introduces a contrast to being “sound in the faith” in the previous verse. In order to be sound in the faith, the people must not pay any attention to the Jewish myths or the commands of people who do not follow the truth. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
41	TIT	1	14	p28i		Ἰουδαϊκοῖς μύθοις	1	to Jewish myths	This refers to the false teaching of the Jews.
42	TIT	1	14	m4a5	figs-metaphor	ἀποστρεφομένων τὴν ἀλήθειαν	1	who turn away from the truth	Paul speaks of the truth as if it were an object that one could turn away from or avoid. Alternate translation: “who reject the truth” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
43	TIT	1	15	qtb9		πάντα καθαρὰ τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	All things are pure to those who are pure	“If people are pure on the inside, everything that they do will be pure” or “When people have only good thoughts, nothing that they do will offend God”
44	TIT	1	15	nx42		τοῖς καθαροῖς	1	to those who are pure	“to those who are acceptable to God”
45	TIT	1	15	abcn	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	The connecting word **But** introduces a contrast between people who are pure and people who are corrupt and unbelieving. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
46	TIT	1	15	n3wk	figs-metaphor	τοῖς…μεμιαμμένοις καὶ ἀπίστοις, οὐδὲν καθαρόν	2	to those who are corrupt and unbelieving, nothing is pure	Paul speaks of sinners as if they were physically dirty. Alternate translation: “if people are morally defiled and do not believe, they cannot do anything pure” or “when people are full of sin and unbelief, nothing that they do is acceptable to God” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
47	TIT	1	16	abco	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	but	The connecting word **but** introduces a contrast between what these corrupt people say (they know God) and what their actions show (they do not know God). (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
48	TIT	1	16	i3l2		τοῖς…ἔργοις ἀρνοῦνται	1	they deny him by their actions	“how they live proves that they do not know him”
49	TIT	1	16	ja47		βδελυκτοὶ ὄντες	1	They are detestable	“They are disgusting”
50	TIT	2	intro	h3il			0		# Titus 2 General Notes<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Gender roles<br><br>Scholars are divided over how to understand this passage in its historical and cultural context. Some scholars believe men and women are perfectly equal in all things. Other scholars believe God created men and women to serve in distinctly different roles in marriage and the church. Translators should be careful not to let how they understand this issue affect how they translate this passage.<br><br>### Slavery<br><br>Paul does not write in this chapter about whether slavery is good or bad. Paul teaches slaves to faithfully serve their masters. He teaches all believers to be godly and live rightly in every situation.
51	TIT	2	1	lfu1			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus reasons to preach God’s word, and explains how the older men, older women, young men, and slaves or servants should live as believers.
52	TIT	2	1	tpi2	figs-explicit	σὺ δὲ	1	But you	Here, **you** is singular and refers to Titus. If it is helpful, you can include the name “Titus” here as in the UST ([[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
53	TIT	2	1	ph2j		τῇ ὑγιαινούσῃ διδασκαλίᾳ	1	with sound teaching	See the note on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1). Alternate translation: “with sound doctrine” or “with correct teachings”
54	TIT	2	2	xyz3	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτας…εἶναι	1	Older men are to be	The Greek does not have **are**, but only “Older men to be.” We need to supply a verb here, drawing from the idea of **speak** in the previous verse, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “Teach older men to be” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
55	TIT	2	2	xy13	figs-doublet	νηφαλίους…σεμνούς, σώφρονας	1	temperate, dignified, sensible	These three words are very close in meaning and may be combined into one or two terms if the target language does not have three separate terms. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
56	TIT	2	2	xc6t		νηφαλίους	1	temperate	“sober-minded” or “self-controlled”
57	TIT	2	2	y3j2		εἶναι…σώφρονας	1	to be … sensible	“to … control their desires”
58	TIT	2	2	abc1		ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	Here the word **sound** means to be firm and unwavering. See the note about **sound** on [Titus 1:9](../01/09/pzi1) and the note about **sound in faith** on [Titus 1:13](../01/13/je3r).
59	TIT	2	2	m14y	figs-abstractnouns	ὑγιαίνοντας τῇ πίστει	1	sound in faith	You can state the abstract noun **faith** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “firmly believe the true teachings about God” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
60	TIT	2	2	z14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ἀγάπῃ	1	in love	You can state the abstract noun **love** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “truly love others” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
61	TIT	2	2	a14y	figs-abstractnouns	τῇ ὑπομονῇ	1	and in perseverance	You can state the abstract noun **perseverance** as a verb if that is more clear in your language. Alternate translation: “and continually serve God even when things are difficult” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
62	TIT	2	3	gl8e	figs-ellipsis	πρεσβύτιδας ὡσαύτως	1	Older women likewise are to be	The Greek does not have **are to be**, but only “older women likewise.” We need to continue the verbal idea from the previous two verses and apply that here, as well, such as **teach** or **exhort**. Alternate translation: “In the same way, teach older women” or “Also teach older women” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
63	TIT	2	3	v9cp		διαβόλους	1	slanderers	This word refers to people who say bad things about other people whether they are true or not.
64	TIT	2	3	g9re	figs-metaphor	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	People who cannot control themselves and drink too much wine are spoken of as if they were a slave to the wine. Alternate translation: “controlled by their desire for wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
65	TIT	2	3	xyz4	figs-activepassive	οἴνῳ πολλῷ δεδουλωμένας	1	enslaved to much wine	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “drinking too much wine” or “addicted to wine” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
66	TIT	2	3	abc4		καλοδιδασκάλους	1	but to be teachers of what is good	The Greek word used here means “a teacher of what is good”. The phrase **but to be** has been added in the English to contrast this good quality with the two preceding bad qualities. Consider if you need to use a similar word to make a contrast between the good and bad qualities.
67	TIT	2	4	abc5		φιλάνδρους	1	lovers of their husbands	“lovers of their own husbands”
68	TIT	2	4	abca		φιλοτέκνους	1	and lovers of their children	“and lovers of their own children”
69	TIT	2	5	abcb		ὑποτασσομένας τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν	1	and subject to their own husbands	“and to obey their own husbands”
70	TIT	2	5	t5v6	figs-metonymy	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	Here, **word** is a metonym for “message”, which in turn is a metonym for God himself. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
71	TIT	2	5	abcq	figs-activepassive	ἵνα μὴ ὁ λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ βλασφημῆται	1	so that the word of God may not be insulted	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “so that no one insults the word of God” or “so that no one insults God by saying bad things about his message” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
72	TIT	2	6	i3hv		ὡσαύτως	1	In the same way	Titus was to train the younger men just as he was to train the older people.
73	TIT	2	7	x73u		σεαυτὸν παρεχόμενος	1	present yourself	“show yourself to be” or “you yourself must be”
74	TIT	2	7	ym6x		τύπον καλῶν ἔργων	1	as an example of good works	“as an example of one who does right and proper things”
75	TIT	2	8	xy14		ὑγιῆ	1	sound	This word **sound** has the same basic meaning as “uncorrupted” in 2:7. In 2:7, Paul states the meaning negatively: “uncorrupted,” meaning, “without error,” and in 2:8 he states the meaning positively: **sound**, meaning “correct.” Both terms refer to Titus’s teaching. Use either positive or negative terms in the target language, or use one term with this meaning in both places if it is difficult to use two terms.
76	TIT	2	8	xt6v	figs-hypo	ἵνα ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας ἐντραπῇ	1	so that the opponent may be ashamed	This presents a hypothetical situation in which someone opposes Titus and then becomes ashamed for having done so. Alternate translation: “so that if anyone opposes you, he may be ashamed” or “so that when people oppose you, they may be ashamed” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
77	TIT	2	8	xy15	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
78	TIT	2	9	xyz5	figs-ellipsis	δούλους ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Slaves are to be subject to their own masters	The Greek does not have **are**, but only “slaves to be subject to their masters.” We need to apply the verbal idea from verse 6 to here, which is “urge” or “exhort.” Alternate translation: “Exhort slaves to be subject to their masters” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
79	TIT	2	9	abcc		ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	are to be subject	“must obey”
80	TIT	2	9	if6v		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in everything	“in every situation” or “always”
81	TIT	2	9	id15		εὐαρέστους εἶναι	1	to be pleasing	“to please their masters” or “to satisfy their masters”
82	TIT	2	10	abc6		μὴ νοσφιζομένους	1	not to steal	“not to steal from their masters”
83	TIT	2	10	t87j		πᾶσαν πίστιν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἀγαθήν	1	to demonstrate all good faith	“to show that they are worthy of their masters’ trust”
84	TIT	2	10	h2n6		ἐν πᾶσιν	1	in every way	“in everything they do”
85	TIT	2	10	f8jy		τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ, κοσμῶσιν	1	they may bring credit to the teaching that is about God our Savior	“they may make the teaching about God our Savior attractive” or “they may cause people to understand that the teaching about God our Savior is good”
86	TIT	2	10	pn93		Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	God our Savior	“our God who saves us”
87	TIT	2	10	xy16	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	Here, **our** is inclusive of Paul, Titus, and all Christians (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
88	TIT	2	11	y44u			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul encourages Titus to look for Jesus’ coming and remember his authority through Jesus.
89	TIT	2	11	gp2z	figs-personification	ἐπεφάνη…ἡ χάρις τοῦ Θεοῦ	1	the grace of God has appeared	Paul speaks of the grace of God as if it were a person who has arrived. See the UST for other ways to express this. Alternate translation: “God is now offering his grace” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
90	TIT	2	12	qy8k	figs-personification	παιδεύουσα ἡμᾶς	1	training us	Paul speaks of the grace of God (2:11) as if it were a person who trains other people how to live holy lives. Alternate translation: “by which God trains us” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
91	TIT	2	12	abce	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
92	TIT	2	12	lxb3		τὴν ἀσέβειαν	1	godlessness	“things that dishonor God”
93	TIT	2	12	n3k5		τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας	1	worldly passions	“strong desires for the things of this world” or “strong desires for sinful pleasures”
94	TIT	2	12	xy19		ἀσέβειαν…εὐσεβῶς	1	godlessness … godly way	These terms are direct opposites, meaning “God-dishonoring” and “God-honoring,” respectively.
95	TIT	2	12	fk8j		ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰῶνι	1	in the present age	“while we live in this world” or “during this time”
96	TIT	2	13	rz93		προσδεχόμενοι	1	while we look forward to receiving	**while we wait to welcome**
97	TIT	2	13	xyz6	figs-metonymy	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα	1	the blessed hope	Here what is **blessed** is that for which we hope, which is the return of Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “the wonderful thing for which we hope” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
98	TIT	2	13	pss7	figs-metonymy	καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Here, **glory** represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate translation: “that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
99	TIT	2	13	abcf	figs-hendiadys	τὴν μακαρίαν ἐλπίδα, καὶ ἐπιφάνειαν τῆς δόξης	1	the blessed hope and appearing of the glory	Both **blessed hope** and **appearing of the glory** refer to the same event. This can be shown clearly. Alternate translation: “what we are longing for, the blessed and glorious appearing” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
100	TIT	2	13	xyz7	figs-hendiadys	τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ	1	of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ	Both **our great God** and **Savior** refer to the one person, Jesus Christ. Alternate translation: “of Jesus Christ, our great God and Savior” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
101	TIT	2	14	niu4	figs-explicit	ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν	1	gave himself for us	This refers to Jesus dying willingly. Alternate translation: “gave himself to die for us” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
102	TIT	2	14	xy20	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
103	TIT	2	14	gxe7	figs-metaphor	λυτρώσηται ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας	1	to redeem us from all lawlessness	Paul speaks of Jesus as if he were setting slaves free from their evil master. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
104	TIT	2	14	xy21	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
105	TIT	2	14	fjy1		λαὸν περιούσιον	1	a special people	“a group of people that he treasures”
106	TIT	2	14	ii18		ζηλωτὴν καλῶν ἔργων	1	zealous for good works	“who are eager to do good deeds”
107	TIT	2	15	abc7		παρακάλει	1	exhort	“encourage them to do these things”
108	TIT	2	15	b94z	figs-explicit	ἔλεγχε, μετὰ πάσης ἐπιταγῆς	1	rebuke with all authority	If it is helpful, the people whom Titus should correct can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “correct with all authority those people who do not do these things” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
109	TIT	2	15	h15y		μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	“Do not allow anyone to ignore you”
110	TIT	2	15	xy22	figs-doublenegatives	μηδείς σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let no one disregard you	You can state this positively: “Make sure that everyone listens to you” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
111	TIT	2	15	jbu1	figs-explicit	σου περιφρονείτω	1	Let … disregard you	The way that people would disregard Titus can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Let … refuse to listen to your words” or “Let … refuse to respect you” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
112	TIT	3	intro	zh6x			0		# Titus 3 General Notes<br><br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Paul gives Titus personal instructions in this chapter.<br><br>Verse 15 formally concludes this letter. This is a common way of ending a letter in the ancient Near East.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Genealogies<br><br>Genealogies (verse 9) are lists that record a person’s ancestors or descendants, and show from what tribe and family a person came. For example, priests came from the tribe of Levi and the family of Aaron. Some of these lists included stories of ancestors and even of spiritual beings. These lists and stories were used to argue about where things came from and about how important various people were.
113	TIT	3	1	y9tr			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul continues giving Titus instructions on how to teach the elders and people under his care in Crete.
114	TIT	3	1	j2sa		ὑπομίμνῃσκε αὐτοὺς…ὑποτάσσεσθαι	1	Remind them to submit	“Tell our people again what they already know, to submit” or “Keep reminding them to submit”
115	TIT	3	1	w3fy		ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις, ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit to rulers and authorities, to obey them	“to do as the political rulers and government authorities say by obeying them”
116	TIT	3	1	wa9x	figs-doublet	ἀρχαῖς, ἐξουσίαις	1	to rulers and authorities	These words have similar meanings and both refer to anyone who holds authority in the government. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
117	TIT	3	1	xy25	figs-doublet	ὑποτάσσεσθαι, πειθαρχεῖν	1	to submit … to obey them	These words have similar meanings and both refer to doing what someone tells you to do. If the target language has only one term for this, then just use that term (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
118	TIT	3	1	in7u		πρὸς πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἑτοίμους εἶναι	1	be ready for every good work	“be ready to do good whenever there is opportunity”
119	TIT	3	2	lug7		βλασφημεῖν	1	to revile	“to speak evil of”
120	TIT	3	2	abcx	figs-doublenegatives	ἀμάχους εἶναι	1	to be uncontentious	You can state this positively: “to be peaceful” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
121	TIT	3	3	m9zd		ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς	1	For once we also were	“This is because we ourselves were once”
122	TIT	3	3	me7b		ποτε	1	once	“formerly” or “at some time” or “previously”
123	TIT	3	3	bl8e	figs-exclusive	ἡμεῖς	1	we	“even we” or “we ourselves” This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians, referring to the time before they trusted in Christ. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
124	TIT	3	3	rrx9		ἦμεν…ἀνόητοι	1	were foolish	“were thoughtless” or “were unwise”
125	TIT	3	3	qt8f	figs-personification	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	Passion and pleasure are spoken of as if they were masters over people and had made those people into slaves by lying to them. Alternate translation: “We had allowed ourselves to believe the lie that various passions and pleasures could make us happy, and then we were unable to control our feelings or stop doing things we thought would give us pleasure” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
126	TIT	3	3	xy27	figs-activepassive	πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις	1	We were led astray and enslaved by various passions and pleasures	You can translate this in active form. Alternate translation: “Various passions and pleasures had lied to us and so led us astray” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
127	TIT	3	3	tl5n		ἐπιθυμίαις	1	passions	“lusts” or “desires”
128	TIT	3	3	dec4		ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες	1	We lived in evil and envy	Here, **evil** and **envy** describe sin. The word **evil** is general and **envy** is a specific kind of sin. Alternate translation: “We were always doing evil things and wanting what others have”
129	TIT	3	3	y5lp		στυγητοί	1	detestable	“causing others to hate us”
130	TIT	3	4	xy28	grammar-connect-logic-contrast	δὲ	1	But	It is important to mark the contrast here between the evil way that people are (verses 1-3) and the goodness of God (verses 4-7) (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast]])
131	TIT	3	4	ba5a	figs-personification	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	Paul speaks of God’s kindness and love as if they were people that came into our sight. Alternate translation: “when God our Savior showed us his kindness and love for people” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
132	TIT	3	4	abcg	figs-abstractnouns	ὅτε…ἡ χρηστότης καὶ ἡ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, Θεοῦ	1	when the kindness of God our Savior and his love for mankind appeared	You can state the abstract nouns **kindness** and **love** as adjectives. Alternate translation: “when God, who saves us, showed how kind and loving he would be to mankind” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
133	TIT	3	4	abch	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
134	TIT	3	5	n4ug		κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος	1	by his mercy	“because he had mercy on us”
135	TIT	3	5	k1a6	figs-metaphor	λουτροῦ παλινγενεσίας	1	the washing of new birth	Paul combines two metaphors here. He is speaking of God’s forgiveness for sinners as if he were physically washing them clean from their sin. He is also speaking of sinners who become responsive to God as if they had been born again. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
136	TIT	3	6	fby9	figs-metaphor	οὗ ἐξέχεεν ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πλουσίως	1	whom God richly poured on us	It is common for New Testament writers to speak of the Holy Spirit as a liquid that God can pour out in large amounts. Alternate translation: “whom God gave to us generously” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
137	TIT	3	6	xy24	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
138	TIT	3	6	q9ze		διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν	1	through our Savior Jesus Christ	“when Jesus Christ saved us”
139	TIT	3	6	xy23	figs-exclusive	ἡμῶν	1	our	This includes Paul, Titus, and all Christians. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
140	TIT	3	7	di3g	figs-activepassive	δικαιωθέντες	1	having been justified	You can state this in active form. Alternate translation: “since God has declared us to be without sin” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
141	TIT	3	7	q1cm	figs-metaphor	κληρονόμοι γενηθῶμεν, κατ’ ἐλπίδα ζωῆς αἰωνίου	1	we might become heirs according to the certain hope of everlasting life	The people to whom God has made promises are spoken of as if they were to inherit the things promised, just as a person inherits property or possessions from a family member. Alternate translation: “we might expect to receive the eternal life that God has promised us” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
142	TIT	3	8	j8md		ὁ λόγος	1	This message	This message is the one just expressed in verses 4-7, that God freely gives the Holy Spirit and eternal life to believers through Jesus.
143	TIT	3	8	xy29		τούτων	1	these things	This refers to the teachings that Paul has talked about in verses 1-7. Alternate translation: “these teachings that I have just talked about”
144	TIT	3	8	kqm6		φροντίζωσιν καλῶν ἔργων, προΐστασθαι	1	may be careful to engage themselves in good works	“may seek to do good works”
145	TIT	3	9	tzh9			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains what Titus should avoid and how to treat those who cause contention among the believers.
146	TIT	3	9	j1hf		δὲ…περιΐστασο	1	But avoid	“So avoid” or “Therefore, avoid”
147	TIT	3	9	xnf9		μωρὰς…ζητήσεις	1	foolish debates	“arguments concerning unimportant matters”
148	TIT	3	9	qk66		γενεαλογίας	1	genealogies	This is the study of family kinship relationships. See the Introduction to Titus.
149	TIT	3	9	xu7f		ἔρεις	1	strife	arguments or fights
150	TIT	3	9	ky3n		νομικὰς	1	about the law	“about the law of Moses”
151	TIT	3	10	x3fh		αἱρετικὸν ἄνθρωπον…παραιτοῦ	1	Reject a divisive person	“Stay away from a person who causes division”
152	TIT	3	10	xzx1		μετὰ μίαν καὶ δευτέραν νουθεσίαν	1	after one or two warnings	“after you have warned that person once or twice”
153	TIT	3	11	r7pc		ὁ τοιοῦτος	1	such a person	“a person like that”
154	TIT	3	11	inh5	figs-metaphor	ἐξέστραπται	1	has turned from the right way	Paul speaks of someone who chooses to do wrong things as if he were leaving the right path to walk in the wrong direction. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
155	TIT	3	11	p81k		ὢν αὐτοκατάκριτος	1	being self-condemned	“bringing judgment on himself”
156	TIT	3	12	z7i4			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul closes the letter by telling Titus what to do after he appoints elders in Crete and by giving greetings from those with him.
157	TIT	3	12	mba6		ὅταν πέμψω	1	When I send	“After I send”
158	TIT	3	12	c32w	translate-names	Ἀρτεμᾶν…Τυχικόν	1	Artemas … Tychicus	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
159	TIT	3	12	knt1		σπούδασον ἐλθεῖν	1	hurry to come	“come quickly”
160	TIT	3	12	xy30		σπούδασον	1	hurry	The verb is singular and directed at Titus alone. Artemas or Tychicus would stay in Crete, probably to take Titus’ place.
161	TIT	3	12	gdw9		παραχειμάσαι	1	to spend the winter	“to stay for the winter”
162	TIT	3	13	a46f	translate-names	Ζηνᾶν…Ἀπολλῶν	1	Zenas … Appollos	These are men’s names. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
163	TIT	3	13	s757		καὶ Ἀπολλῶν	1	and Apollos	“and also Apollos”
164	TIT	3	13	j496		σπουδαίως πρόπεμψον	1	Diligently send on their way	“Do not delay in sending”
165	TIT	3	13	xy31	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μηδὲν αὐτοῖς λείπῃ	1	so that they lack nothing	You can state this positively: “so that they have everything that they need” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
166	TIT	3	14	v7wg			0	Connecting Statement:	Paul explains that it is important for all believers to provide for those who have needs.
167	TIT	3	14	fw98		οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Paul is referring to the believers in Crete. Alternate translation: “our own people”
168	TIT	3	14	xy33	figs-exclusive	οἱ ἡμέτεροι	1	our own	Here, **our** includes Paul and Titus. The form should be either dual or inclusive. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
169	TIT	3	14	tn24		εἰς τὰς ἀναγκαίας χρείας	1	toward essential needs	“that enable them to help people who lack necessary things”
170	TIT	3	14	mji4	figs-metaphor	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	Paul speaks of people doing good work as if they were trees bearing good fruit. Alternate translation: “so that they will not lead useless lives” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
171	TIT	3	14	xy32	figs-doublenegatives	ἵνα μὴ ὦσιν ἄκαρποι	1	in order not to be unfruitful	You can state this positively: “in this way they will be fruitful” or “in this way they will be productive” (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
172	TIT	3	15	j3y2			0	General Information:	Paul ends his letter to Titus.
173	TIT	3	15	abci		ἀσπάζονταί σε	1	greet you	Here, **you** is singular–this is a personal greeting to Titus.
174	TIT	3	15	k1sa		οἱ μετ’ ἐμοῦ πάντες	1	All those who are with me	“All the people who are with me” or “All of the believers who are here with me”
175	TIT	3	15	f4vc		τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς ἐν πίστει	1	those who love us in faith	Possible meanings are: (1) “the believers who love us” (2) “the believers who love us because we share the same belief”.
176	TIT	3	15	xy35	figs-exclusive	ἡμᾶς	1	us	Here, **us** is probably exclusive and refers to Paul and the group of Christians with him. Paul is sending greetings from this group to the group of Christians that is with Titus on Crete. (See: [[rc://fr/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
177	TIT	3	15	kx83		ἡ χάρις μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν	1	Grace be with all of you	This was a common Christian greeting. Alternate translation: “May God’s grace be with you” or “I ask that God will be gracious to all of you”
178	TIT	3	15	xy34		ὑμῶν	1	of you	Here, **you** is plural. This blessing is for Titus and all of the believers there in Crete.