EZR front intro fa5r 0 # Introduction to Ezra<br>## Part 1: General Introduction<br><br>#### Outline of Ezra<br><br>1. The first Jewish exiles return to Jerusalem from Persia (1:1–2:70)<br>1. The people rebuild and dedicate the temple in Jerusalem (3:1–6:22)<br>1. More exiles return; Ezra teaches the Law of Yahweh (7:1-8:36)<br>1. The problem of the people marrying foreigners, and how it is solved (9:1–10:44)<br><br>#### What is the Book of Ezra about?<br><br>The Book of Ezra is about how the people of Israel returned from Babylon and tried to worship Yahweh again as the law required. To do this they needed to rebuild their temple so they could sacrifice to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### How should the title of this book be translated?<br><br>The Book of Ezra is named for the priest Ezra who led the first group of Jews out of exile and back to Judah. Translators can use the traditional title "Ezra." Or they might choose a clearer title, such as "The Book about Ezra."<br><br>## Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts<br><br>#### Why were Israelites not allowed to marry people from other nations?<br><br>Foreigners worshiped many false gods. Yahweh did not allow his people to marry foreigners. He knew this would cause the people of Israel to worship false gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br><br>#### Did all of the people of Israel return to their homeland?<br><br>Many of the Jews remained in Babylon instead of returning to the Promised Land. Many of them were successful in Babylon and desired to remain there. However, this meant that they were unable to worship Yahweh in Jerusalem as their ancestors had done. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])<br><br>## Part 3: Important Translation Issues<br><br>#### How does the Book of Ezra use the term "Israel"?<br><br>The Book of Ezra uses the term "Israel" to refer to the kingdom of Judah. It was mostly made up of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The other ten tribes had ended their loyalty to any kings descended from David. God allowed the Assyrians to conquer the other ten tribes and take them into exile. As a result, they mixed with other people groups and did not return to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/israel]])<br><br>#### Are the events in the Book of Ezra told in the order that they actually happened?<br><br>Some of the events in the Book of Ezra are not told in the order they actually happened. Translators should pay attention to notes that signal when events are probably out of order.<br>
EZR 01 intro dd25 0 # Ezra 01 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The chapter records the story of the first Jews as they return from Persia to Judea.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### King Cyrus<br>King Cyrus allowed them to return because he wanted them to rebuild the temple. Those who stayed behind gave gifts to those who left to help them on their journey and resettlement. This practice was common under the reign of Cyrus and was used as a way to maintain peace throughout his kingdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### Possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>##### Jews<br>Upon return to Judea, the focus of the rest of the Old Testament is on the Jewish people.<br>
EZR 01 01 p6b4 translate-ordinal 0 first year This refers to the beginning of the reign of King Cyrus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 01 01 y7r9 figs-metonymy 0 Yahweh fulfilled his word that came from the mouth of Jeremiah Here "mouth" represents speaking. Alternate translation: "Yahweh did what Jeremiah prophesied that Yahweh would do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 01 01 l953 0 Yahweh This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
EZR 01 01 fn3a figs-synecdoche 0 Yahweh ... stirred Cyrus's spirit Here Cyrus is represented by his spirit. This speaks of Yahweh causing Cyrus to want to act as if he "stirred" his spirit. Alternate translation: "Yahweh ... made Cyrus want to act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 01 01 yiq4 figs-metonymy 0 Cyrus' voice went out over his entire kingdom The voice is a metonym for the message the voice speaks, and the kingdom is a metonym for the people whom a king rules. Alternate translation: "Cyrus sent a message to everyone over whom he ruled" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 01 01 x1wz figs-activepassive 0 what was written and spoken This can be translated in active form. It might be best to translate so the reader understands that other people might have helped Cyrus get the message to the people over whom he ruled. Alternate translation: "what Cyrus wrote and what his messengers read so people could hear them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 01 02 aqj5 figs-hyperbole 0 all the kingdoms of the earth Here "all" is an exaggeration, as there were kingdoms over which Cyrus did not rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZR 01 02 gmx4 figs-explicit 0 for him a house in ... Judea You may need to make explicit that the house was for people to worship Yahweh. Alternate translation: "a house in ... Judea where people can worship him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 01 03 xf34 0 his people the people who belong to Yahweh.
EZR 01 04 t7ux 0 survivors of that land ... should provide them Those Israelites who choose to stay where they are should help those who choose to go to Jerusalem physically and financially.
EZR 01 05 s2yg figs-metonymy 0 everyone whose spirit God stirred to go Stirring the spirit is a metonym for making someone want to act. See how you translated these words in [Ezra 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate translation: "everyone whom God had made want to go" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 01 06 wwg6 0 their work This refers to the work of the people roused by God in the previous verse.
EZR 01 08 m5w3 translate-names 0 Mithredath ... Sheshbazzar These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 01 08 wc54 figs-metaphor 0 put them into the hand of Mithredath the treasurer Putting an object into someone's hand is a metaphor for allowing that person to do what he wants with that object. Here the reader should understand that Cyrus expected Mithredath to do what Cyrus wanted him to do. Alternate translation: "put Mithredath the treasurer in charge of them" or "made Mithredath the treasurer responsible for them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 01 08 w8rk 0 treasurer official in charge of money
EZR 01 09 hu9c 0 General Information: This is a list of numbered items.
EZR 01 09 y5g1 0 basins objects used to hold water for washing
EZR 01 10 yk1k translate-numbers 0 410 "30 ... 1,000 ... 29 ... four hundred and ten" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 01 10 ja6u 0 bowls objects used to hold water for washing
EZR 01 11 z55f translate-numbers 0 5,400 ... in all "five thousand four hundred ... in all." This is the total number of items returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, which are listed above individually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 intro rr42 0 # Ezra 02 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Genealogy<br>People had to prove they were priests, or that they were Jews, through their genealogies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])<br>
EZR 02 01 ezk9 0 General Information: This begins a list of the names of people who returned from the exile.
EZR 02 01 byc2 figs-idiom 0 went up This is an idiom that refers to traveling toward Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "returned" or "came back" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 02 02 tmp8 translate-names 0 Seraiah, Reelaiah, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispar, Bigvai, Rehum, and Baanah These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 02 z77p 0 This is the record This refers to the list of men in 2:3-35.
EZR 02 03 i2m7 translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 03 zew1 translate-names 0 Parosh a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 04 zhh6 translate-names 0 Shephatiah a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 05 inj3 translate-names 0 Arah a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 06 fw6a translate-names 0 Pahath-Moab ... Jeshua a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 07 a6df translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 08 d53m translate-names 0 Zattu a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 09 da7k translate-names 0 Zakkai a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 10 jcd8 translate-names 0 Bani a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 11 ak1t translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 11 h16w translate-names 0 Bebai a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 12 rxn6 translate-names 0 Azgad These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 13 uzn6 translate-names 0 Adonikam a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 14 qkv6 0 Bigvai This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md).
EZR 02 15 u5zk translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list of the names of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 15 it7t translate-names 0 Adin a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 16 vui3 translate-names 0 Ater a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 17 t3k5 translate-names 0 Bezai a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 19 i6kg translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group. Notice that staring in 2:21 these now are the names of places from where they originally came. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 19 j9nm translate-names 0 Hashum a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 20 r5bq translate-names 0 Gibbar These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 21 iu4s figs-explicit 0 The men of Bethlehem This begins to list the number of people whose ancestors had lived in towns in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 02 22 v2ky translate-names 0 Netophah This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 23 l5x8 translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues the list people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 23 l29x translate-names 0 Anathoth This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 24 d37s translate-names 0 Azmaveth This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 25 y9xa translate-names 0 Kiriath Arim ... Kephirah ... Beeroth These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 26 k69y translate-names 0 Geba This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 27 fs65 translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 27 m82a translate-names 0 Michmas This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 29 j5sn translate-names 0 Nebo This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 30 kvd9 translate-names 0 Magbish This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 31 bv43 translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 32 ubs3 translate-names 0 Harim This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 33 e3tw translate-names 0 Lod ... Hadid ... Ono These are names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 34 pt5k translate-numbers 0 General Information: This continues with the list of people who returned from the exile along with the number in each group whose ancestors came from the places listed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 35 ce4j translate-names 0 Senaah This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 36 c52r translate-numbers 0 General Information: This section lists the names of priests whose descendants returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 36 xd3k translate-names 0 Jedaiah This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 36 m352 0 Jeshua This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:6](../02/06.md).
EZR 02 39 g31h 0 Harim The "Harim" in [Ezra 2:32](../02/32.md) is the name of a place, but here "Harim" is the name of a man.
EZR 02 40 tm51 translate-names 0 General Information: This section lists the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile along with the number in each group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 40 vug8 translate-names 0 Kadmiel ... Hodaviah These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 42 imn8 translate-names 0 Shallum ... Talmon, Akkub, Hatita, and Shobai These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 42 i72w 0 gatekeepers those in charge of who goes through the gates of the temple
EZR 02 42 lyb8 0 Ater This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:16](../02/16.md).
EZR 02 43 fhw8 0 General Information: This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile.
EZR 02 43 tx4y translate-names 0 Ziha, Hasupha, Tabbaoth These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 44 vl6i translate-names 0 Keros, Siaha, Padon These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 45 b5nu translate-names 0 Lebanah, Hagabah These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 45 chi4 0 Akkub See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:42](../02/42.md).
EZR 02 46 qx4z translate-names 0 Hagab, Shalmai, and Hanan These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 47 qg3y translate-names 0 General Information: This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 51 fd31 translate-names 0 General Information: This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 55 kd7e translate-names 0 General Information: This section continues listing the names of Levites whose descendants returned from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 58 y86d translate-numbers 0 392 total descendants "three hundred and ninety-two total descendants." This is the number of all the people in this group who came back from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 59 fa24 translate-numbers 0 General Information: This is a list of people who had returned to Israel from various Babylonian cities but could not prove their heritage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 60 xr2g translate-names 0 Delaiah, Tobiah, and Nekoda These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 61 vg3t translate-names 0 Habaiah ... Hakkoz ... Barzillai These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 02 62 yiq1 0 their genealogical records the records that told who their ancestors were
EZR 02 62 jis4 0 could not find them "could not find their names in the records of the priests"
EZR 02 62 qt2w figs-activepassive 0 they were excluded from the priesthood as unclean This can be translated in active form. The abstract noun "priesthood" can be translated as the verb "work as priests." Alternate translation: "the other priests treated them as if they were unclean and did not allow them to work as priests" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 02 62 x8ns 0 unclean not fit to be priests
EZR 02 63 n2du 0 Urim and Thummim two items like dice that the priests used to decide what God wanted them to do
EZR 02 64 a73j 0 whole group This means the whole group that returned back to the land of Judah from the exile.
EZR 02 64 i9g9 translate-numbers 0 42,360 "forty-two thousand three hundred and sixty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 65 w7yu 0 their maidservants "their female servants"
EZR 02 65 i75w translate-numbers 0 these were 7,337 "these were seven thousand three hundred and thirty-seven" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 66 t7kb translate-numbers 0 General Information: This is a list of the animals along with the numbers of each kind that returned with the people from the exile. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 02 69 qh93 translate-bmoney 0 gold darics A "daric" was a small gold coin used by the Persian Empire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
EZR 02 69 ln9c translate-bweight 0 minas A mina is a unit of weight. One mina equals 550 grams. Minas are normally linked with measuring silver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZR 02 69 h3zd 0 tunics garments worn next to the skin
EZR 02 70 w7fw 0 All the people in Israel were in their cities Everyone went back to their home towns in Judea. Not everyone resettled in Jerusalem.
EZR 03 intro rp9a 0 # Ezra 03 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter begins the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of worship in the new temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Rebuilding the temple<br>They immediately began the temple worship, even though the temple had not yet been built because they feared the people of the surrounding nations.<br>
EZR 03 01 a2ka translate-hebrewmonths 0 the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It is at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the early rain season. It is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 03 01 hwv6 figs-simile 0 as one man One man is in only one place and has only one purpose. Alternate translation: "for one purpose" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
EZR 03 02 ua8i 0 Jeshua This is the name of a man. Translate the same as in [Ezra 2:36](../02/36.md).
EZR 03 02 gq2e translate-names 0 Shealtiel This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 03 02 yy1u figs-metaphor 0 rose up and built Standing up is a metaphor for beginning to act. Alternate translation: "began to act and built" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 03 02 eg3w figs-activepassive 0 as it is written in the law of Moses This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit whom and what Yahweh had commanded. Alternate translation: "as Yahweh had commanded them to do in the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 03 03 t8y7 0 established the altar on its stand "mounted the altar on its stand" or "placed the altar on its stand so it would stay there"
EZR 03 03 bk73 figs-idiom 0 dread was on them This is an idiom. Alternate translation: "they were very afraid" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
EZR 03 03 c33h figs-explicit 0 because of the people of the land You may need to make explicit what it was about the people of the land that made the Jews afraid. Alternate translation: "because they thought the people of the land wanted to attack them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 03 03 a9a2 0 They offered burnt offerings to Yahweh at dawn and evening One of the first things the people did was to begin offering sacrifices. This was before the temple was rebuilt.
EZR 03 04 iej2 figs-explicit 0 the Festival of Shelters This is a festival that was celebrated for eight days during the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It was associated with the time of the exodus when the Israelites lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 03 06 x3mt translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the seventh month This is the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of September on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 03 06 cip8 figs-activepassive 0 the temple had not been founded The Jews began the ceremonies of worship even before they started building the temple. Alternate translation: "they had not yet laid the foundation for the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 03 07 ze22 0 as authorized for them by Cyrus, king of Persia The letters sent by Cyrus gave the Jews permission to buy materials and build the temple.
EZR 03 08 eh5s translate-hebrewmonths 0 second month This is the second month of the Hebrew calendar. This is during the warm season when people are harvesting crops. It is during the last part of April and the first part of May on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 03 08 ckj4 translate-ordinal 0 the second year This is during the year after the one in which they returned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 03 08 y8bn figs-explicit 0 to the house of God You may need to make explicit that there was no house of God standing when they arrived. Alternate translation: "to where the house of God had stood" or "to where they were going to build the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 03 08 fa38 translate-names 0 Jeshua ... Jozadak These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 03 08 hf5n translate-numbers 0 twenty years old "20 years old" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 03 09 s6i8 translate-names 0 Jeshua ... Henadad These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 03 09 r3rx 0 Kadmiel This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:40](../02/40.md).
EZR 03 10 w1j9 0 laid a foundation "foundation" in this sense was more than just the stone blocks to support the temple walls. It included the entire temple floor set in stone. This enabled all the temple worshipers to wear their special garments and keep them clean.
EZR 03 10 kh7e 0 their garments "their special robes"
EZR 03 10 v35v translate-unknown 0 cymbals two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
EZR 03 10 t64z figs-metonymy 0 the hand of David ... had commanded The hand of a king is a metonym for the power to give commands. Alternate translation: "as David ... had commanded" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 03 11 hgd5 0 thankfulness A feeling and expression of appreciation and gratitude for the kindness of another.
EZR 03 11 ut4a figs-abstractnouns 0 His covenant faithfulness to Israel endures forever The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithfully" or "faithful." Alternate translation: "He faithfully loves Israel forever" or "He is always faithful to his covenant with Israel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 03 12 xj13 figs-metonymy 0 first house This refers to the first temple that Solomon built, the house of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 03 12 rmy5 figs-synecdoche 0 before their eyes The people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate translation: "in their sight" or "and they saw it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZR 03 12 d9tw 0 wept loudly This refers to emotional expression of sorrow involving tears and vocal sounds.
EZR 04 intro x878 0 # Ezra 04 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Helping to build the temple<br>The people of the surrounding nations offered to help to build the temple. It is unknown why the Jews refused their help. These other people became their enemies and tried to hinder the work. They even persuaded the king of Persia to stop the Jews from building.<br>
EZR 04 01 v368 0 General Information: The non-Jewish people offer to help build the temple.
EZR 04 01 uie3 figs-activepassive 0 who had been exiled This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom the Babylonians had taken into exile" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 04 02 spx4 translate-names 0 Zerubbabel This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 02 yx1s translate-names 0 Esarhaddon, king of Assyria He ruled in Assyria before Cyrus ruled in Persia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 03 xp3f 0 Jeshua This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:6](../02/06.md).
EZR 04 03 isv8 0 It is not you, but we who must build Possible meanings are 1) the Jewish leader felt that Cyrus had authorized only them to build the temple or 2) building the temple was the exclusive work of the Jews and no non-Jew would be permitted to contribute to the work.
EZR 04 04 d9da 0 the people of the land "the people who were living in the land at that time," which could include non-Jews and Jews whose families the Babylonians had not taken into exile
EZR 04 04 n1m9 figs-metaphor 0 made the Judeans' hands weak This speaks of the people of the land discouraging the Judeans as if they made their hands physically weak. Alternate translation: "discouraged the Judeans" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 04 04 aq32 0 Judeans people who returned from Babylon and settled in the land of Judah
EZR 04 05 kd9a 0 to frustrate their plans "to make it so the Judeans could not build the temple as they had planned"
EZR 04 06 iaw6 figs-abstractnouns 0 wrote an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem The abstract nouns "accusation" can be translated as a verb "accuse." You may need to make explicit what the enemies accused the Judeans of doing. Alternate translation: "wrote a letter in which they accused those who lived in Judah and Jerusalem of disobeying the king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 04 07 x91s translate-names 0 Bishlam ... Mithredath ... Tabeel names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 07 jl52 0 The letter This is the letter spoken of in [Ezra 4:6](../04/06.md).
EZR 04 07 isg5 0 Aramaic the language used in that area at the time for official business
EZR 04 07 ym9r 0 translated into Persian
EZR 04 08 uu3t translate-names 0 Shimshai This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 08 hwq8 0 Rehum This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:1](../02/01.md).
EZR 04 10 d6lu translate-names 0 Ashurbanipal This is a name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 10 pu35 translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 11 a7sk 0 This is a copy Ezra includes in his writing the content of the letter sent to King Artaxerxes.
EZR 04 11 n6mp translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 12 fu8s figs-metonymy 0 a rebellious city The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: "a city that they plan to live in and rebel against you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 04 12 jr26 0 repaired the foundations "fixed the foundations" or "mended the foundations"
EZR 04 13 wj57 figs-activepassive 0 if this city is built and the wall is completed This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "if they build the city and complete the wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 04 13 pgs2 0 but they will harm the kings The word "harm" refers to the Judeans no longer giving money to the kings.
EZR 04 14 m7yw figs-metonymy 0 we have eaten the palace salt Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) the writers being loyal to the king or 2) the king giving the writers special honors. Alternate translation: "we are loyal to you" or "you have honored us by making us your officials" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 04 15 sa9b figs-metonymy 0 a rebellious city The city is a metonym for the people who live in it. Alternate translation: "a city in which live people who have rebelled against your father" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 04 15 au5i figs-activepassive 0 the city was destroyed This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who destroyed the city. The "city" represents the people who live in it. Alternate translation: "the Babylonians destroyed the city" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 04 16 cr21 figs-activepassive 0 if this city and wall are built This can be translated in active form. See how you translated these words in [Ezra 4:13](../04/13.md). Alternate translation: "if they build the city and wall" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 04 16 n9kz figs-hyperbole 0 there will be nothing remaining for you Here "nothing" is an exaggeration to make the king think that he will be losing much tax money if the Judeans rebel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
EZR 04 16 keh5 translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 17 qp5d translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 17 u66e 0 Rehum This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md).
EZR 04 17 hja4 0 Shimshai This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:8](../04/08.md).
EZR 04 17 rsd2 0 the River the Euphrates River
EZR 04 18 sza5 figs-activepassive 0 The letter that you sent me has been translated and read This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who translated and read the letter to the king. Alternate translation: "I have had my servants translate and read the letter that you sent to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 04 20 vmb6 translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 04 20 s7mv figs-activepassive 0 Tribute and taxes were paid to them This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "The people in Jerusalem paid tribute and taxes to those kings" or "Those kings were able to collect tribute and taxes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 04 21 ie6i 0 make a decree "make a law"
EZR 04 22 xxy6 figs-litotes 0 Be careful not to neglect this The litotes "not to neglect" is an understatement to emphasize that the writers want Artaxerxes to do what they tell him to do. Alternate translation: "Be careful to do this" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
EZR 04 22 t7e7 figs-rquestion 0 Why allow this threat to grow and cause more loss for the royal interests? Artaxerxes uses a question to tell them that he understands that he will lose taxes and honor if the city is built. Alternate translation: "You must make sure that this threat does not grow and cause more loss for the royal interests." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZR 04 22 kqp4 figs-metaphor 0 threat to grow Danger is spoken of as if it were a plant that could increase in size. Alternate translation: "danger to become worse" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 04 22 fy32 figs-metonymy 0 cause more loss for the royal interests The words "the royal interests" are a metonym for the king himself. Alternate translation: "cause more bad things to happen to the kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 04 23 zq2h figs-activepassive 0 King Artaxerxes' decree was read This can be translated in active form, in which case you will need to make explicit who read the decree from the king to the officials. Alternate translation: "The messengers from King Artaxerxes read his decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 04 23 s349 0 Rehum See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:1](../02/01.md).
EZR 04 23 qu4l 0 Shimshai See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:7](../04/07.md).
EZR 04 24 kj9i 0 the work on the house of God in Jerusalem stopped until the second year of the reign of Darius This delay lasted about 16 years.
EZR 05 intro rn2j 0 # Ezra 05 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship continues in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Rebuilding the temple<br>The prophets Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the Jews to begin again building the temple. This was very important to life in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br>
EZR 05 03 gs4x translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 05 05 gv23 figs-synecdoche 0 God's eye was on The eye represents the person watching over another person. Alternate translation: "God was watching over" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZR 05 05 eu4e figs-activepassive 0 for a letter to be sent to the king and for a decree to be returned to them This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "for an official to send a letter to the king and for the king to send a letter back to them with a decree" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 05 06 jbg5 0 This is a copy of the letter Ezra includes the contents of the letter to King Darius regarding their work on the temple.
EZR 05 06 uq1x translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated this in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 05 08 sp27 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues.
EZR 05 08 nmq2 0 timbers wood for building
EZR 05 09 uee9 0 Who gave you a decree "Who gave you permission"
EZR 05 11 f9fm 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues.
EZR 05 11 m5y2 0 We are servants of the one Possible meaning are 1) they were calling the Jewish people servants of God or 2) those who replied were from the tribe of Levi and Aaron, who were the ones actually responsible for the temple worship and sacrifices.
EZR 05 11 a1ui figs-activepassive 0 that had been built many years ago when the great king of Israel built it and completed it This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "that the great king of Israel had built and supplied all the equipment for" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 05 11 y9hr 0 completed it "supplied all the equipment for it"
EZR 05 12 un5r 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in [Ezra 5:11](../05/11.md).
EZR 05 12 pqp8 0 enraged the God of heaven "made the God of heaven become very angry with us"
EZR 05 12 cy4x figs-metonymy 0 he gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this house and took the people The hand is a metonym for power or control. Also, "Nebuchadnezzar" represents his army. Alternate translation: "allowed the army of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, the Chaldean, to destroy this house and to take the people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 05 12 sgt7 0 destroyed this house "tore down this house"
EZR 05 13 e3wn 0 Cyrus issued a decree to rebuild the house of God Cyrus ordered that the people rebuild God's temple.
EZR 05 14 q6am 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Ezra 5:11](./11.md)).
EZR 05 14 w7ix 0 Sheshbazzar See how you translated this in [Ezra 1:7](../01/07.md).
EZR 05 14 caq3 0 He restored them King Cyrus returned the temple objects.
EZR 05 15 q6r3 figs-activepassive 0 Let the house of God be rebuilt This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I want the Judeans to rebuild the house of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 05 16 x9zt 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues. Tattenai continues to tell the king what the Judeans had told him beginning in ([Ezra 5:11](./11.md)).
EZR 05 16 d7m8 figs-activepassive 0 it is being constructed, but is not yet complete This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "people are now constructing it, but they have not done all the work yet" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 05 16 myr8 0 constructed built
EZR 05 17 f4m4 0 General Information: The letter from Tattenai to the king that began in [Ezra 5:7](../05/07.md) continues. Tattenai has finished telling the king what the Judeans told him and now asks the king to see if what the Judeans told him was true.
EZR 05 17 abm5 figs-activepassive 0 may it be investigated This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I would like you to have someone investigate this matter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 05 17 vii9 0 if a judgment from King Cyrus exists there "if there is a record there that King Cyrus issued a law"
EZR 06 intro y5d8 0 # Ezra 06 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>The completion of the story of the building of the temple and re-establishment of the temple worship occurs in this chapter. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Temple taxes<br>The king said the Jews were right and ordered money from his taxes to be used to help them with their sacrifices.<br><br>#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br>##### Darius<br>In this chapter, Darius is called the king of Assyria. In reality, besides ruling over the former Assyrian Empire, Darius was also king of Persia. Persia had conquered Babylon, which had previously conquered Assyria. This made the king of Persia, the king of Assyria as well. It was unusual to refer to Darius as the king or ruler of Assyria. Ezra may have referred to him in this way to contrast Darius' actions with those of the former rulers of Assyria, who had treated the Jews very cruelly. It was those earlier Assyrian rulers who had conquered the northern tribes of Israel and deported them to other lands. It was for this reasons that the northern tribes lost their identity and were no longer a distinct people group.<br>
EZR 06 01 spf8 figs-abstractnouns 0 ordered an investigation The abstract noun "investigation" can be expressed with the verbs "investigate" or "search." Alternate translation: "ordered his officials to investigate" or "ordered his officials to search" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 06 01 pb3s figs-explicit 0 ordered an investigation What they were to investigate can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "ordered his officials to investigate the records" or "ordered his officials to search and find out if there was a record of King Cyrus telling the Jews to build the house of God in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 06 01 dze3 0 house of archives This is a building where the king's officials kept the important government records.
EZR 06 02 f8w5 translate-names 0 Ecbatana This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 06 02 gfa8 figs-activepassive 0 a scroll was found This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "they found a scroll" or "they found a scroll that told about Darius and Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 06 03 i2dk 0 General Information: This begins the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem.
EZR 06 03 ev3b figs-explicit 0 In the first year of King Cyrus It can be stated clearly that this is the first year of his reign. Alternate translation: "In year 1 of the reign of King Cyrus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 06 03 gi3x figs-activepassive 0 Let the house be rebuilt This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Let the Jews rebuild the house" or "The Jews must rebuild the house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 06 03 ts4a translate-numbers 0 sixty cubits "60 cubits." You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "twenty-seven meters" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
EZR 06 04 q3hv figs-explicit 0 with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are 1) this describes how to build the foundation. Alternate translation: "Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber" or 2) this describes how to build the walls. Alternate translation: "Build the house's walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 06 04 tny3 figs-metonymy 0 let the cost be paid by the king's house The phrase "the king's house" represents King Cyrus's own wealth in the royal treasury. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will pay for it with money from the royal treasury" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 06 06 f9x5 0 General Information: This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Ezra 6:3](../06/03.md).
EZR 06 06 xd9g translate-names 0 Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai Darius writes directly to these men. Translate their names as in [Ezra 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 06 06 xk9x translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 06 08 ci97 0 General Information: This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Ezra 6:3](../06/03.md).
EZR 06 08 njb9 figs-activepassive 0 Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River will be used to pay these men This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Use funds from the king's tribute beyond the river to pay these men" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 06 08 te7b figs-explicit 0 Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River "The king's tribute" refers to taxes that people pay the king. Alternate translation: "Money from the taxes that you collect for the king from the people beyond the river" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 06 11 em18 0 General Information: This continues the record of King Cyrus's command that the Jews rebuild God's temple in Jerusalem, which began in [Ezra 6:3](../06/03.md).
EZR 06 11 uqt8 figs-activepassive 0 a beam must be pulled from his house and he must be impaled on it. His house must then be turned into a rubbish heap This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "I command my officials to pull a beam from his house and impale him on it. They are then to turn his house into a rubbish heap" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 06 11 w334 0 beam a long, sturdy piece of wood, supporting the roof of a house
EZR 06 11 i9yf 0 impaled pierced through
EZR 06 12 mn8y figs-metonymy 0 who lifts a hand to change ... or to destroy Lifting the hand represents trying or daring to do something. Alternate translation: "who tries to change ... or to destroy" or "who dares to change ... or to destroy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 06 12 y3sn figs-abstractnouns 0 to change this decree The abstract noun "decree" can be expressed with the phrase "what I have decreed." Alternate translation: "to change what I have decreed" or "to say that I have decreed something else" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 06 13 alm6 translate-names 0 Tattenai ... Shethar-Bozenai Translate the names of these men as you did in [Ezra 5:3](../05/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 06 15 q4v5 figs-activepassive 0 The house was completed This can be translated in active form. You may need to make explicit which house they completed. Alternate translation: "They completed God's house" or "They finished building the temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 06 15 c1qx translate-hebrewmonths 0 the third day of the month of Adar "Adar" is the name of the twelfth and last month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the cold season. The third day is near the middle of February on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 06 15 bhp9 translate-ordinal 0 sixth year King Darius had been ruling for five years, so he was now in year number six of his reign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 06 16 cq1q figs-explicit 0 the rest of the captives These people had been captured and taken to Babylon, but they returned to Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "the rest of the people who had been taken captive to Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem" or "the rest of the people who had returned from captivity" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 06 17 r49v translate-numbers 0 one hundred bulls ... four hundred lambs "100 bulls ... 400 lambs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 06 18 th9n figs-abstractnouns 0 to work divisions The abstract noun "work divisions" can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "to work in groups" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 06 18 iix1 0 work divisions "groups that work together"
EZR 06 19 j6lm translate-hebrewmonths 0 fourteenth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The fourteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 06 20 j34t figs-metaphor 0 purified themselves "made themselves pure." Being pure represents being acceptable to God. Alternate translation: "made themselves acceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 06 21 p72z figs-metaphor 0 separated themselves from the uncleanness of the people of the land Separating themselves from uncleanness represents refusing to do things that make people unclean. Alternate translation: "They refused to do the things that the people of the land did that made them unclean" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 06 21 alu2 figs-metaphor 0 the uncleanness of the people of the land Here "uncleanness" represents being unacceptable to God. Alternate translation: "the things that the people of the land did that made them unacceptable to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 06 21 tyz7 figs-metaphor 0 sought Yahweh Seeking Yahweh represents choosing to know, worship, and obey him. Alternate translation: "chose to obey Yahweh" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 06 22 k6q8 figs-metonymy 0 turned the heart of Assyria's king Turning the king's heart represents making him think differently about the work of the temple. Alternate translation: "changed the attitude of Assyria's king" or "made Assyria's king willing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 06 22 x9ls figs-metaphor 0 to strengthen their hands in the work of his house Strengthening their hands in the work represents helping them to work. The Assyrian king did this by telling them to do the work and providing the money for it. Alternate translation: "to help them do the work of his house" or "to make it possible for them to do the work of his house" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 06 22 m7l7 0 the work of his house This refers to building the temple.
EZR 07 intro p3he 0 # Ezra 07 General Notes<br>#### Structure and formatting<br><br>Ezra begins his religious reforms.<br><br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### God's Law<br>The people no longer know the law of Moses. Therefore, the king allows Ezra to return to Judea to teach the people about God's law. Many people go with him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])<br>
EZR 07 01 h549 0 General Information: Ezra's genealogy goes back to Aaron, the first high priest.
EZR 07 01 xe3c figs-explicit 0 Ezra came up from Babylon Where Ezra came up to can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "Ezra came up to Jerusalem from Babylon" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 01 n9di translate-names 0 Seraiah See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 07 02 iy78 translate-names 0 Shallum See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:42](../02/42.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 07 06 xd8u 0 The king gave him anything he asked "The king gave Ezra anything he asked for"
EZR 07 06 w6u9 figs-metonymy 0 the hand of Yahweh was with him The "hand" of Yahweh represents Yahweh's blessing or help. Alternate translation: "the blessing of Yahweh was with Ezra" or "Yahweh was blessing Ezra" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 07 07 tt66 figs-explicit 0 in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes This refers to the seventh year of his reign. Alternate translation: "in the seventh year that Artaxerxes was king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 08 cr7y translate-hebrewmonths 0 the fifth month This is the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 07 09 f68n translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the first month This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 07 09 s9by translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the fifth month This is near the middle of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 07 09 k4wr figs-metonymy 0 the good hand of God "Hand" represents the power or control that God uses for good results. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 07 10 b5p7 figs-metaphor 0 Ezra had established his heart to study Establishing his heart represents firmly deciding or committing himself to do something. Alternate translation: "Ezra committed his life to study" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 07 10 y7yr 0 carry out "obey"
EZR 07 10 w9d8 0 the statutes and decrees of the law of Yahweh These were the laws that God passed down to Israel through Moses.
EZR 07 11 qjr1 0 This was the decree The text following this statement was the decree given by King Artaxerxes.
EZR 07 12 y33a figs-explicit 0 The King of kings Artaxerxes "The King of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate translation: "The Great King Artaxerxes" or "Artaxerxes, the greatest king" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 13 d9b4 0 I am ordering that anyone ... who desires to go to Jerusalem In those days people needed permission from the king to resettle and rebuild in an area previously destroyed by the conquering nation.
EZR 07 13 wi2u 0 may go with you The word "you" refers to Ezra.
EZR 07 14 h7cx 0 I, the king, and my seven counselors The word "I" and the phrase "the king" refer to the same person. The king is reminding the people who hear this letter that he is the author of this letter.
EZR 07 14 v44t figs-explicit 0 to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem according to God's law What they were to inquire about can be stated more clearly. Alternate translation: "to investigate the situation in Judah and Jerusalem, in order to learn whether or not they are obeying God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 15 m1pn figs-explicit 0 You are to bring the silver and gold Where they were to bring it can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: "You are to bring to Jerusalem the silver and gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 15 uu8a 0 the silver and gold that they have freely offered "Freely" means that they were not forced to offer the money. They gave it because they wanted to. Alternate translation: "the silver and gold that they have willingly offered"
EZR 07 16 p3du figs-explicit 0 what is freely offered by the people and the priests This can be expressed active form. Alternate translation: "what the people and the priests have freely offered" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 17 b2sq figs-explicit 0 So buy in full ... offerings The phrase "in full" means as many as are necessary to complete the task. They were to use the gold and silver to buy all they needed in order to worship God in the temple. Alternate translation: "Buy as many of the oxen, rams, lambs, grain and drink offerings as are needed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 18 a2bh figs-metaphor 0 you and your brothers The phrase "your brothers" refers to the people who were doing this work with Ezra. Alternate translation: "your co-workers" or "your companions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 07 19 h6x1 figs-activepassive 0 the objects that were freely given to you This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: "the objects that we have freely given to you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 07 19 bkk8 0 Place the objects ... before him The word "him" refers to God.
EZR 07 19 a3tf figs-abstractnouns 0 for the service of the house of your God The abstract noun "service" can be expressed with the verbs "serve" or "use." Alternate translation: "to use in the house of your God" or "to serve in the house of your God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 07 20 hgu9 0 treasury a secure place where money is stored
EZR 07 21 i7dz translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. See how you translated it in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 07 21 h6c8 figs-activepassive 0 that anything that Ezra asks from you should be given in full This can be expressed in active form. "Give Ezra in full anything he asks of you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 07 21 euy1 figs-explicit 0 should be given in full The phrase "in full" here represents whatever quantity necessary to do the work. Alternate translation: "should be given as much as he needs" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 07 22 c716 translate-numbers 0 one hundred silver talents "100 talents of silver." You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "3,300 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZR 07 22 cja2 translate-bvolume 0 one hundred cors of grain You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "22,000 liters of grain" or "twenty thousand liters of grain" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 07 22 u3yi translate-bvolume 0 one hundred baths of oil You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: 2,200 liters of oil" or "two thousand liters of oil" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 07 23 t2e7 0 his house This refers to God's temple.
EZR 07 23 i89i figs-rquestion 0 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons? The king uses this question to say that he does not want God's wrath to come upon them. The implied information is that if they do not do give Ezra what he needs, then God will punish the kingdom. Alternate translation: "For we do not want God's wrath to come upon the kingdom of me and my sons." or "For if you do not do these things, God's wrath will come upon the kingdom of me and my sons." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZR 07 23 x6h5 figs-metonymy 0 For why should his wrath come upon the kingdom of me and my sons God's wrath represents God punishing them. Alternate translation: "For why should God punish the kingdom of me and my sons" or "For if you do not do these things, God will punish the kingdom of me and my sons" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 07 25 qzk1 figs-abstractnouns 0 with the wisdom that God has given you, you must appoint judges and magistrates The abstract noun "wisdom" can be expressed with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: "God has made you wise, so you must wisely appoint judges and magistrates" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 07 26 sr94 figs-abstractnouns 0 whether by death, banishment, confiscation of their goods, or imprisonment The abstract nouns can be translated with verbs. Alternate translation: "whether by killing them, banishing them, confiscating their goods, or imprisoning them" or "You may kill them, send them away, take the things the own, or put them in prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 07 27 t4cz figs-metaphor 0 placed all this into the king's heart to glorify Yahweh's house in Jerusalem Placing things in the king's heart represents causing him to have certain thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: "caused the king to want to glorify Yahweh's house in Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 07 27 w14w figs-metaphor 0 Yahweh's house This refers to Yahweh's temple" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 07 28 y4zu figs-abstractnouns 0 who extended covenant faithfulness to me The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." Alternate translation: "who has been faithful to me" or "who has been loyal to me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 07 28 q1iu figs-metaphor 0 I have been strengthened Being strengthened represents being encouraged. Alternate translation: I am encouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 07 28 gxx2 figs-metonymy 0 by the hand of Yahweh my God Here Yahweh's hand represents what he did to help Ezra. Alternate translation: "because Yahweh has helped me" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 08 intro ye9m 0 # Ezra 08 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### The people's return to Judah<br>Many people went back to Judah with Ezra. They trusted God to protect them and the precious items they carried with them, which had been given for the temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])<br>
EZR 08 01 ss8d translate-names 0 General Information: There is an apparent shift in authorship beginning here. Chapters 1-7 were written as if the author were writing about Ezra. Chapter 8 was written as if the author were Ezra. Verses 2-14 are a list of leaders and their ancestors. All of them are men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 02 m2b9 0 Of the descendants of Phinehas, Gershom This is the first item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Phinehas was Gershom" or "Gershom was the leader of the descendants of Phinehas"
EZR 08 02 i7e9 0 Of the descendants of Ithamar, Daniel This is the second item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Ithamar was Daniel" or "Daniel was the leader of the descendants of Ithamar"
EZR 08 02 kb7h 0 Of the descendants of David, Hattush This is the third item in the list. It can be written with the verb "were." Alternate translation: "The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush who was ... Parosh; and Zechariah" or "The leaders of the descendants of David were Hattush and Zechariah. Hattush was from ... Parosh"
EZR 08 02 xt4r 0 Hattush This is a man's name.
EZR 08 03 m91f 0 Parosh See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:3](../02/03.md).
EZR 08 03 ds2y 0 with him there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy "with Zechariah there were 150 males listed in the record of his genealogy"
EZR 08 04 c961 translate-names 0 General Information: The list of men's names continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 04 f7d5 0 Of the descendants of Pahath-Moab, Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Pahath-Moab was Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah" or "Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah was the leader of the descendants of Pahath-Moab"
EZR 08 04 y6jz 0 with him were two hundred males "with Eliehoenai were two hundred males"
EZR 08 04 kyx7 0 Zerahiah See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 7:4](../07/04.md).
EZR 08 08 b23z translate-names 0 General Information: The list of men's names continues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 08 v9nn 0 Of the descendants of Shephatiah, Zebadiah son of Michael This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Shephatiah was Zebadiah son of Michael" or "Zebadiah son of Michael was the leader of the descendants of Shephatiah"
EZR 08 08 cw6w 0 Shephatiah See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md).
EZR 08 08 u8wj translate-names 0 Michael This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 08 w6u1 0 with him were listed eighty males "with Zebadiah were listed eighty males"
EZR 08 12 z7xc translate-names 0 General Information: This is the end of the list of men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 12 a3dx 0 Of the descendants of Azgad, Johanan son of Hakkatan This is the next item in the list. It can be written with the verb "was." Alternate translation: "The leader of the descendants of Azgad was Johanan son of Hakkatan" or "Johanan son of Hakkatan was the leader of the descendants of Azgad"
EZR 08 12 j4bn 0 with him were listed 110 males "with Johanan were listed 110 males"
EZR 08 12 pr9v translate-numbers 0 110 males "one hundred and ten males" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 08 12 elm1 0 Azgad See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:12](../02/12.md).
EZR 08 13 rzr8 0 Those of the descendants of Adonikam The word "those" refers to the leaders. Alternate translation: "The leaders of the descendants of Adonikam"
EZR 08 13 k1ic 0 Adonikam See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:13](../02/13.md).
EZR 08 15 x4yl translate-names 0 General Information: The word "I" in chapter 8 refers to Ezra. He is the author. Verse 16 contains a list of men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 15 gl34 0 the canal that goes to Ahava Possible meanings are that the "canal" was 1) a waterway that men built or 2) an ordinary river. It can be translated in a more general way. Alternate translation: "the waterway that flows to Ahava"
EZR 08 15 cl4j translate-names 0 Ahava This is the name of a place (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 16 ufp7 0 Shemaiah See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md).
EZR 08 16 sw7e 0 Elnathan ... Elnathan ... Elnathan There were apparently three men with the same name.
EZR 08 17 a4dg translate-names 0 Iddo This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 17 akq5 figs-explicit 0 Next I sent them to Iddo The word "them" refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate translation: "Next I sent those men to Iddo" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 08 17 ggi9 translate-names 0 Kasiphia This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 17 nq66 0 I told them what to say to Iddo ... that is, to send to us servants for the house of God The words "that is" introduces what he told them to say. Alternate translation: "I told them to tell Iddo ... to send us servants for the house of God"
EZR 08 18 kbq4 translate-names 0 Sherebiah ... Mahli These are men's names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 18 a7cr figs-metonymy 0 So they sent us by our God's good hand a man God's "good hand" represents his kindness in providing for them. Alternate translation: "Because God was kind to us, they sent us a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 08 18 kue1 0 a prudent man This is a man of understanding and wisdom.
EZR 08 18 d8n9 0 son of Levi son of Israel Here "Israel" is a man's name. It is the name God gave to Jacob.
EZR 08 19 mf7n translate-names 0 Jeshaiah See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 8:7](../08/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 20 f9pd 0 officials people with specific authority within a government system
EZR 08 21 zh8n translate-names 0 the Ahava Canal This is the name of the canal that flows to the place called Ahava. See how you translated Ahava and canal in [Ezra 8:15](../08/15.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 21 sq2q figs-metaphor 0 to seek a straight path from him for us, our little ones, and all our possessions The word "seek" represents asking God to do something for them. Here a "straight path" represents safety while they travel. Alternate translation: "to ask God to give us, our little ones, and all our possessions safety while we travel" or "to ask God to protect us, our little ones, and all our possessions while we travel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 08 22 n4fd figs-metonymy 0 The hand of our God is on all who seek him The hand of God being on people is a metonym for God helping people. Seeking God is a metaphor for serving him. Alternate translation: "God helps all who serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 08 22 fb5x figs-metonymy 0 but his might and wrath are on all who forget him God's might and wrath being on people is a metonym for him punishing people. Forgetting God is a metaphor for refusing to serve him. Alternate translation: "but he punishes all who refuse to serve him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 08 23 nfn4 figs-metaphor 0 So we fasted and sought God about this Here seeking God is a metaphor for asking God to do something for them. Alternate translation: "So we fasted and asked God to help us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 08 24 v6yb translate-names 0 Sherebiah, Hashabiah See how you translated these men's names in [Ezra 8:19](../08/19.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 26 v4vy translate-numbers 0 650 talents of silver "six hundred and fifty talents of silver." A talent weighs about thirty-three kilograms. You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "22,000 kilograms of silver" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZR 08 26 an5i translate-numbers 0 one hundred talents of silver objects "100 talents of silver objects." You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "3,300 kilograms of silver objects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZR 08 26 ih18 translate-numbers 0 one hundred talents of gold "100 talents of gold." You may convert this to a modern measure. Alternate translation: "3,300 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
EZR 08 27 q2jm translate-numbers 0 one thousand darics "1,000 darics." A "daric" was a small gold coin that people in the Persian Empire used. You can translate this in terms of the number of coins or their weight. Alternate translation: "one thousand Persian gold coins" or "eight and one half kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bmoney]])
EZR 08 27 zlh5 0 bronze vessels Bronze is a mixture of copper and another metal. It is stronger than pure copper.
EZR 08 28 rbg4 0 Then I said to them "Then I said to the twelve priestly officials"
EZR 08 29 im6g 0 until you weigh them out before the priestly officials, Levites, and leaders When they arrived in Jerusalem, they would weigh the silver, gold, and bronze to show that they had not taken any of it for themselves.
EZR 08 30 ia74 0 The priests and the Levites According to the law of Moses, the tribe of Levi had the work of caring for the temple, its possessions, and the offerings.
EZR 08 31 c4v2 0 We went out from the Ahava Canal "We left the Ahava Canal" or "We started traveling from the Ahava Canal"
EZR 08 31 c9im translate-names 0 Ahava Canal This is the name of the canal that flows to the place called Ahava. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:21](../08/21.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 31 ju8u translate-hebrewmonths 0 twelfth day of the first month This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The twelfth day is near the end of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 08 31 b7m1 figs-metonymy 0 The hand of our God was on us The hand of God being on people is a metonym for God helping people. Alternate translation: "God was helping us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 08 31 dj8h figs-metonymy 0 he protected us from the hand of the enemy and the ones ... road The hand represents what those people might do. It specifically refers to the enemy attacking the group that was traveling. Alternate translation: "he protected us from the attack of the enemy and the ones who wished to ambush us along the road" or "He kept the enemy from attacking us and he kept robbers from ambushing us along the road" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 08 31 pj64 0 the ones who wished to ambush us This refers to thieves and robbers who wanted to attack them for their treasures.
EZR 08 33 p3qm figs-activepassive 0 the silver, gold, and objects were weighed out This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "the twelve priestly officials weighed out the silver, gold and objects" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 08 33 b9l2 figs-metonymy 0 the silver, gold, and objects were weighed out ... into the hand of Meremoth Here "the hand of Meremoth" represents Meremoth's care of the silver, gold, and objects. The men weighed those things and gave them to Meremoth to take care of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 08 33 lte3 translate-names 0 Meremoth ... Uriah ... Eleazar ... Phinehas ... Jozabad ... Jeshua ... Noadiah ... Binnui These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 08 33 jb4h 0 Jeshua See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:6](../02/06.md).
EZR 08 35 gxu7 0 The ones who came back from the captivity ... the people of exile These two phrases refer to the Jewish people who were living as exiles in Babylon and who left Babylon and returned to Jerusalem in Judea. Alternate translation: "The ones who came back to Jerusalem from the captivity in Babylon, the people of exile"
EZR 08 36 r5gu 0 the governors in the Province Beyond the River These were the Babylonian officials managing the people west of the Euphrates River, which included the people living in Judea.
EZR 08 36 d38g translate-names 0 the Province Beyond the River This is the name of the province that was west of the Euphrates River. It was across the river from the city of Susa. It included Judea. See how you translated it in [Ezra 4:10](../04/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 09 intro k1yz 0 # Ezra 09 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Intermarriage<br>When Ezra found out that many Jews had married Gentile wives, he prayed to God and asked God why he had been so good to them by letting these few people return from captivity even though they sinned by marrying Gentile wives. They did this before and God had punished them for it. God forbid this type of marriage because it caused the people to worship other gods. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])<br>
EZR 09 01 kb76 0 have not separated themselves have married people from other lands and have adopted their religion
EZR 09 03 qhy7 0 When I heard this When Ezra heard that many Israelites had married foreign women and were worshiping their gods
EZR 09 03 ck87 figs-explicit 0 I tore apart my clothing and robe and pulled out hair from my head and beard Ezra was showing everyone how unhappy he was that people were doing things that offended God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
EZR 09 04 m8dw 0 evening offering a sacrifice that the priests would offer around the time the sun was going down
EZR 09 05 v2nb 0 my position of humiliation another way of saying he was "sitting ashamed" ([Ezra 9:4](../09/04.md)). "where I was sitting on the ground to show how ashamed I was"
EZR 09 05 qye1 0 knelt down and spread my hands "got on my knees and stretched out my arms with my hands open toward the sky"
EZR 09 06 aca6 figs-parallelism 0 our iniquities increase over our head, and our guilt grows to the heavens These words are two ways of speaking of iniquity and guilt as if they were physical objects that could grow to be larger than people. The abstract nouns "iniquity" and "guilt" can be expressed as a noun and an adjective, respectively. Alternate translation: "we have committed wicked deeds and we are very guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 09 07 sv5f 0 the days of our ancestors "the time when our ancestors were alive"
EZR 09 07 wet1 figs-abstractnouns 0 in great guilt ... In our iniquities The abstract nouns "guilt" and "iniquity" can be translated as an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: "very guilty ... Because of the evil deeds we did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 09 07 h1bs figs-activepassive 0 we ... were given into the hand of kings This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "you gave us ... into the hand of kings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 09 07 v9sd figs-metonymy 0 were given into the hand of kings of this world Here "hand" represents power or control. Alternate translation: "were given into the control of the kings of this world" or "were given over to the kings of this world" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 09 07 f2hv figs-metonymy 0 to the sword, to captivity, and to plunder and ashamed faces The sword is a metonym for people killing other people. The abstract nouns "captivity" and "plunder" can be stated as verb phrases. And, "faces" is a synecdoche representing the whole person. Alternate translation: "to our enemies to kill us, to capture us, to steal from us, and to cause us shame" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
EZR 09 08 jqq9 figs-metaphor 0 mercy from Yahweh our God has come God deciding to be merciful is spoken of as if mercy were a person who could move. Alternate translation: "Yahweh our God has decided to be merciful to us and" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 09 09 xh8d figs-abstractnouns 0 but has extended covenant faithfulness to us The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be stated as "faithful" or "loyal." See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezra 7:28](../07/28.md). Alternate translation: "but he as been faithful to us" or "he has been loyal to us" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 09 09 eb2m figs-metonymy 0 in the sight of the king of Persia The king could not literally see the temple, but he did know about what was happening in Jerusalem. Here "sight" is a metonym for what a person knows. Alternate translation: "so that the king of Persia knows about it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
EZR 09 09 f833 0 God's house the temple
EZR 09 09 b5aw figs-metaphor 0 could give us a wall of safety The wall that keeps people safe is a metaphor for Yahweh protecting his people. Alternate translation: "could keep us safe" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
EZR 09 12 uax9 0 for all time "until the end of the ages"
EZR 09 14 jh1x figs-rquestion 0 should we again break your commandments and make ... people? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "it is very wrong that some of us have broken your commandments and made ... people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZR 09 14 mn62 figs-rquestion 0 Will you not be angry ... escape? This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: "I am afraid that you will be angry ... escape." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
EZR 09 15 qhg9 0 Look "Pay attention to what I am about to say"
EZR 09 15 a177 0 We are here before you in our guilt "You can see that we are all guilty"
EZR 09 15 lh5h 0 there is no one who can stand before you "you do not think that any person is innocent"
EZR 10 intro ah4y 0 # Ezra 10 General Notes<br>#### Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>##### Intermarriages<br>The people agree to divorce their Gentile wives. Many Jews were involved in these mixed marriages. Divorce should not normally have been common for the Jews to engage in, but marriage with non-Jewish women was not allowed.<br>
EZR 10 01 ufb1 figs-pronouns 0 As Ezra prayed and confessed ... threw himself down Ezra speaks of himself as if he were someone else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
EZR 10 01 ekt7 0 threw himself down quickly went from standing to lying facedown
EZR 10 01 vcs1 0 before God's house in front of the temple
EZR 10 02 zx9r 0 Shekaniah See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:5](../08/05.md).
EZR 10 02 at6v 0 Jehiel See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:9](../08/09.md).
EZR 10 02 af7v 0 We have been unfaithful to our God This was made as a public confession, not as a boastful claim.
EZR 10 04 m4vg 0 we are with you "we will help you"
EZR 10 06 j3bg translate-names 0 Jehohanan ... Eliashib These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 08 tv2h 0 Anyone who did not come ... forfeited all of his possessions and would be excluded "The officials would take all the possessions away from anyone who did not come ... and would excuse them" or "The people of Judah and Jerusalem would take all the possessions away from anyone who did not come ... and would exclude them"
EZR 10 08 a5ia translate-numbers 0 three days 3 days (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
EZR 10 09 kp1w 0 in three days "three days later"
EZR 10 09 v2eh translate-hebrewmonths 0 ninth month and the twentieth day of the month This is the ninth month of the Hebrew calendar. The twentieth day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 10 09 j9d3 0 in the square a large open courtyard in front of the temple
EZR 10 10 x4sz figs-abstractnouns 0 committed treason The abstract noun "treason" can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: "helped the enemies of your people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
EZR 10 10 v95n 0 so as to increase Israel's guilt "and now God considers us guilty of worse sin than before"
EZR 10 11 man9 0 Separate from move away from, be different from
EZR 10 13 wqu4 figs-litotes 0 this is not only one or two days of work This litotes can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: "we will need a long time to do all this work" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
EZR 10 14 fcw7 figs-activepassive 0 at the time that will be fixed with the city elders and the city judges This can be translated in active form and as separate sentences. Alternate translation: "at the time that you will determine. Let them come with the city elder and the city judges" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
EZR 10 15 sl99 0 Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this Possible meanings are, 1) these men did not want the city officials to investigate the offenses or 2) they did not want anyone to investigate the people's marriages.
EZR 10 16 jyy9 0 did this The people investigated who had married non-Jewish wives.
EZR 10 16 c2z7 translate-hebrewmonths 0 the first day of the tenth month This is the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar. The first day is near the middle of December on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 10 17 kgk5 translate-hebrewmonths 0 first day of the first month This is near the middle of March on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
EZR 10 18 rqg8 0 Jeshua See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:2](../02/02.md).
EZR 10 18 pqk9 0 Jozadak See how you translated this in [Ezra 3:2](../03/02.md).
EZR 10 18 sf5b translate-names 0 Maaseiah ... Gedaliah names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 18 pp5e 0 Eliezer ... Jarib See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md).
EZR 10 20 yu42 0 General Information: Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women.
EZR 10 20 d98p 0 Immer a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:37](../02/37.md).
EZR 10 20 re8v translate-names 0 Hanani a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 20 dkn7 translate-names 0 Zebadiah a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:8](../08/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 21 hqu7 translate-names 0 Harim This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:32](../02/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 21 vq5r translate-names 0 Maaseiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:18](../10/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 21 xx3d translate-names 0 Shemaiah ... Jehiel These are the names of men. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 22 bs2z 0 Pashhur This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:37](../02/37.md).
EZR 10 22 yf1x translate-names 0 Elioenai ... Nethanel ... Elasah These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 22 e2ac translate-names 0 Jozabad This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 23 ef8q translate-names 0 General Information: Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 23 y5l2 translate-names 0 Jozabad This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 24 cg6w translate-names 0 Eliashib This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 24 dsd1 translate-names 0 Shallum This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:42](../02/42.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 25 frh1 translate-names 0 Parosh This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:3](../02/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 25 y951 translate-names 0 Eleazar This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 7:5](../07/05.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 26 n4c3 translate-names 0 General Information: Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 26 xd7i translate-names 0 Elam See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:7](../02/07.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 26 gy8p translate-names 0 Jehiel See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 8:9](../08/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 27 t24c translate-names 0 Zattu See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:8](../02/08.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 27 x1id translate-names 0 Elioenai See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 10:22](../10/22.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 27 ecz6 translate-names 0 Eliashib See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 28 h43s translate-names 0 Bebai This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:11](../02/11.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 28 jfh1 translate-names 0 Jehohanan This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 29 n4fe translate-names 0 Bani See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 29 j32x translate-names 0 Meshullam See how you translated this man's name in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 30 gmx3 translate-names 0 General Information: Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 30 phn5 translate-names 0 Pahath-Moab This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:4](../08/04.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 30 pms5 translate-names 0 Benaiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:25](../10/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 30 pwh7 translate-names 0 Maaseiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:18](../10/18.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 30 hh1b translate-names 0 Mattaniah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:26](../10/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 30 ul4r translate-names 0 Binnui This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 31 xr3u translate-names 0 Malkijah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:25](../10/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 31 z6j4 translate-names 0 Harim This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:32](../02/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 31 nrh8 translate-names 0 Eliezer This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:16](../08/16.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 32 gyh9 translate-names 0 Malluk This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:29](../10/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 33 uek2 translate-names 0 General Information: Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 33 my1a translate-names 0 Hashum This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:19](../02/19.md) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 33 b1la translate-names 0 Zabad This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:27](../10/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 33 gh5f translate-names 0 Eliphelet This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 33 zz6j translate-names 0 Manasseh This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:30](../10/30.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 33 zbx2 translate-names 0 Shimei This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:23](../10/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 34 v361 translate-names 0 Bani This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:10](../02/10.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 35 pcb9 translate-names 0 Benaiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:23](../10/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 36 h5e9 translate-names 0 Meremoth This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 36 tg36 translate-names 0 Eliashib This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:6](../10/06.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 37 j4vh translate-names 0 General Information: Ezra continues to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 37 zkk4 translate-names 0 Mattaniah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:26](../10/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 37 dyu7 translate-names 0 Mattenai This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:33](../10/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 38 z3zn translate-names 0 Binnui This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:33](../08/33.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 38 p6gp translate-names 0 Shimei This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:23](../10/23.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 39 maz3 translate-names 0 Adaiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:26](../10/26.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 41 mf9g translate-names 0 General Information: Ezra finishes to list the men who married non-Jewish women. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 41 hgp4 translate-names 0 Shelemiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:39](../10/39.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 41 bt3u translate-names 0 Shemariah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:32](../10/32.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 42 y5rp translate-names 0 Shallum This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:42](../02/42.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 42 ny8e translate-names 0 Amariah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 7:3](../07/03.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 43 cab3 translate-names 0 Nebo This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 2:29](../02/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 43 tih9 translate-names 0 Jeiel This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 8:13](../08/13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 43 tun4 translate-names 0 Zabad This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:27](../10/27.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 43 kb1m translate-names 0 Zebina ... Jaddai ... Joel These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 43 jwl8 translate-names 0 Benaiah This is a man's name. See how you translated this in [Ezra 10:25](../10/25.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
EZR 10 44 f8ms 0 All of these all the men in the list beginning in [Ezra 10:20](../10/20.md)
See in Reader
