BSA_en_tn/en_tn_29-JOL.tsv

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2JOL1introq2ev0# Joel 01 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>Joel is written in poetic form and with striking imagery. The ULT is written in poetic form, but the UST has been transferred to a prose form. If possible, use the poetic form to communicate the meaning of this book in order to stay closer to the original meaning of the text.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Locusts<br>This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and they progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of the whole land of Israel.<br><br>It was common for farmers in the ancient Near East to experience large locust swarms that would come and eat all crops in their fields. Joel might be describing such attacks in this first chapter. Because Joel uses military terms and images to describe these locust attacks, his descriptions might represent enemy invaders who would come and destroy the land its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br><br>Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>### Rhetorical Questions<br>The author also uses rhetorical questions that communicate surprise and alarm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])<br>
3JOL11qry6figs-parallelism0General Information:God speaks through Joel to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
4JOL11qwp80YahwehThis is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
5JOL11m5wrtranslate-names0PethuelJoel's father (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
6JOL14m68utranslate-unknown0the swarming locustlarge groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
7JOL14ny2z0swarming locust ... great locust ... grasshopper ... caterpillarThese are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language.
8JOL15zk2a0General Information:God warns the people of Israel about the coming locust army.
9JOL16qm8jfigs-metaphor0a nationThe locust swarm is like an invading army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
10JOL16mpz6figs-parallelism0His teeth are the teeth of a lion, and he has the teeth of a lioness.These two lines share similar meanings. The reference to the locusts' teeth being as sharp as lions' teeth emphasize how fierce they are as they eat all of the crops of the land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
11JOL16aj1z0my landYahweh's land
12JOL17hi960my vineyard ... my fig treeYahweh's vineyard and fig tree
13JOL17k8l90desolateempty and without life
14JOL18iwe30General Information:God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
15JOL111mx5v0General Information:God continues speaking to the people of Israel.
16JOL111eeq1translate-unknown0barleya type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
17JOL112pk4b0withereddried up and died
18JOL112r11atranslate-unknown0fig ... pomegranate ... appledifferent types of fruit (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
19JOL113uv6d0General Information:God speaks to the priests in Israel
20JOL113w9cv0the grain offering and the drink offeringregular offerings in the temple
21JOL114z8ne0the house of Yahweh your Godthe temple in Jerusalem
22JOL115q8950General Information:This is what God is telling the priests to say.
23JOL116ppt5figs-doublet0joy and gladnessThese two words mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize that there is no kind of joyful activity happening at the temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
24JOL117y7su0clodslumps of dirt
25JOL118w5nw0General Information:God continues to tell the priests how they should pray for Israel.
26JOL118ul6j0groanmake a deep sound because of pain
27JOL120n9lf0brookssmall streams
28JOL2introj2gp0# Joel 02 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>This chapter continues in the poetic form with striking imagery of armies and soldiers.<br><br>## Special concepts in this chapter<br><br>### Locusts<br><br>This book starts very dramatically with the imagery of the locusts and the devastation they produce. There are five different kinds of locusts that appear to come and progressively destroy the vegetation including the crops, vineyards and even the trees of Israel.<br><br>## Important figures of speech in this chapter<br><br>This chapter uses simile to a great extent as Joel tries to describe this army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])<br><br>### Metaphor<br>The drought, or severe lack of rain, Joel describes is probably a real drought. It might also be a picture of either enemy invaders or of Yahweh himself coming to punish his people and the other nations. Translators should translate simply, presenting the scenes of locusts and drought as Joel describes them, and not worry about the various possible meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])<br>
29JOL21t9j9figs-parallelism0General Information:Joel continues poetry that began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
30JOL21m7i50Blow the trumpet ... sound an alarmJoel is emphasizing the importance of calling Israel together in preparation for the destruction that is coming.
31JOL22st7t0gloomtotal or partial darkness
32JOL23xcv40General Information:Joel's description of the coming army continues.
33JOL23z5iufigs-metaphor0behind it a flame is burningAfter a wall of flame goes through dry land and burns the dryest and smallest fuel, there will still be flames as the larger and less dry fuel burns, (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
34JOL23yne4figs-simile0land is like the garden of EdenThe garden of Eden was a beautiful place, and the land was beautiful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
35JOL24ex3a0General Information:The description continues with the noises of an army of horses.
36JOL24ztn5figs-simile0The army's appearance is like horsesThe head of a locust looks like a small horse head. The army is fast, and horses are fast. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
37JOL24fdt4translate-unknown0horsesA large, strong, fast animal with four legs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
38JOL24myc3figs-simile0they run like horsemenMen riding horses move quickly, and the army moves quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
39JOL25m6fl0jumpA horse jumps or leaps as it runs quickly.
40JOL26bh520General Information:Joel continues to describe the locust army of Yahweh.
41JOL27e5gefigs-personification0They run like mighty warriors ... climb the walls like soldiersThe army of locusts acts as real soldiers do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
42JOL27d4kv0wallswalls around the cities
43JOL28u5ew0General Information:The description of the locust army of Yahweh continues.
44JOL28yt670they break through the defensesthey overcome the soldiers defending the city.
45JOL210lm84figs-hyperbole0the sun and the moon are darkened, and the stars stop shiningThis exaggeration claims that there are so many locusts that people cannot see the sun, moon, or stars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
46JOL213e3gw0turn fromstop
47JOL216jzj10bridal chambersrooms, usually in the parents' houses, where brides would wait for their wedding ceremonies
48JOL217fek90do not make your inheritance into an object of scorndo not allow your inheritance to become people whom the other nations regard as worthless
49JOL218xeg70his landthe nation of Israel
50JOL218im7l0his peoplethe people of Israel
51JOL219lu180LookPay attention to what I am about to say
52JOL219jde50You will be satisfied with themYou will have all you need of them
53JOL219tqc60a disgraceunworthy of respect
54JOL220q49d0General Information:God continues his promise to Israel.
55JOL220khh70northern ... eastern ... westernThese directions are from the perspective of people living in the land of Israel.
56JOL220v9xy0the eastern seathe Dead Sea
57JOL220ue9y0the western seathe Mediterranean Sea
58JOL223xlq60he will ... bring down showers for youhe will ... cause much rain to fall so that you will live well
59JOL223vnx80autumn rain and the spring rainthe first rains of the rainy season in early December and the last rains in April and May
60JOL224gw970Connecting Statement:Yahweh begins a long speech to the Israelites.
61JOL224p8u10vatslarge containers for liquids
62JOL225k6bd0the years of crops that the swarming locust has eatenthe crops that you took care of for years and that the swarming locusts have eaten
63JOL225e81a0swarming locust ... the great locust, the devouring locust, and the destroying locustThese are, respectively, an adult locust that can fly, a locust too large to fly easily, a locust with wings too young to fly, and a newborn locust that has not yet developed wings. Use names that would be understood in your language. See how you translated this in [Joel 1:4](../01/04.md).
64JOL226qw240General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
65JOL228h1ph0General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
66JOL228p6xw0It will come about afterward that IThis is what I will do after that: I
67JOL230c3260General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
68JOL231e1db0The sun will turn into darknessThe sun will no longer give light
69JOL232xyf30General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
70JOL232w6nv0It will be that everyoneThis is what will happen: everyone
71JOL232e73u0survivorspeople who live through a terrible event like a war or a disaster
72JOL3introjcn70# Joel 03 General Notes<br>## Structure and formatting<br><br>There is a change in focus in this chapter from the people of Israel to her enemies. The events of this chapters also contain many prophecies about the events of the end of this world. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])<br><br>## Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter<br><br>### Israel<br>The mention of Israel in this chapter is probably a reference to the people of Judah and not the northern kingdom of Israel. It is also possible this is a reference to the people of Israel as a whole.<br>
73JOL31b14f0General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
74JOL31c3ys0when I return the exiles of Judah and JerusalemWhen I send the exiles back to Judah and Jerusalem
75JOL34k66w0General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
76JOL37d8mh0General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
77JOL37dc6dfigs-explicit0out of the place where you sold themThe people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
78JOL37uh320return paymentgive back what you deserve
79JOL38t9jctranslate-names0Sabeansthe people of the land of Sabea (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
80JOL39ih66figs-irony0General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel. Here he begins an ironic call to the nations to prepare for a war in which Yahweh will completely destroy the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
81JOL39d6ny0rouse the mighty menmake the mighty men ready for action
82JOL310t93cfigs-parallelism0Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning knives into spearsThese two phrases share similar meanings. Both of them instruct the people to turn their farming tools into weapons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
83JOL310ze4m0plowsharestools that are used to break up the soil in order to plant crops
84JOL310epv70pruning knivesknives that are used to cut off small branches
85JOL311iq6r0General Information:Yahweh continues the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
86JOL311rp2afigs-irony0Hurry and come ... together thereThese words continue the ironic call to battle that begins in [Joel 3:9](../03/09.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
87JOL312b1jw0General Information:Yahweh finishes the speech he began in [Joel 2:25](../02/25.md), promising good things for the people of Israel.
88JOL313hq7ffigs-metaphor0Put in the sickle ... the winepress is fullPossible meanings are that Yahweh speaks of completely destroying the nations as if 1) he were harvesting all the grapes and all the grain or 2) he were harvesting quickly, while the grain and grapes are ripe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
89JOL313zx330sicklea long curved knife that people use for cutting grain
90JOL313rua70the harvest is ripethe grain is ready to be harvested
91JOL313haw5figs-metaphor0The vats overflow, for their wickedness is enormousYahweh speaks of the nations' wickedness as if it were the juice that flows from the winepress into storage containers, and more juice flows into the vats than they can contain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
92JOL314y2ge0a tumult, a tumultA tumult is noise caused by a large crowd. This is repeated to show that it will be very noisy from all the people.
93JOL314r3ir0Valley of Judgment ... Valley of JudgmentThis phrase is repeated to show that the judgment will certainly happen.
94JOL316fj290General Information:Yahweh begins speaking in verse 17.
95JOL317isx10So you will knowWhen I do these things, you will know
96JOL318kj6z0General Information:God continues to speak about the day of the Lord.
97JOL318l5yu0all the brooks of Judah will flow with waterwater will flow through all the brooks of Judah
98JOL318k6qq0water the Valley of Shittimwill send water to the Valley of Shittim
99JOL319la920Egypt will become an abandoned devastationEveryone will leave Egypt and no one will live there
100JOL319au360Edom will become an abandoned wildernessEveryone will leave Edom and it will look like no people have ever lived there
101JOL319c2r80because of the violence done to the people of Judahbecause of the violent things Egypt and Edom did to the people of Judah
102JOL320y1980General Information:Yahweh continues to speak about the day of the Lord.