Andley_BG4e/Syntax/AGG-Outline.md

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  • 3 Syntax
    • 3.1 Basics of syntax
      • §126 Definition and organization of syntax
      • §127 Sentence and its constituents
      • §128 Means of expressing syntactic relationships.
    • 3.2 Words and phrases as sentence elements.
      • 3.2.1 Syntax of declinable words and their phrases
        • §129 Peculiarities of number use.
        • 3.2.1.1 Syntax of the article
          • §130 Usage differences between Ancient Greek and English
          • §131 The pronominal use of the article
          • §132 Standard use of the article.
          • §133 Definiteness without the article
          • §134 The article and proper names
          • §135 Article use with complements and adverbials
          • §136 Article use and the attributive and predicative positions
        • 3.2.1.2 Syntax of the adjective
          • §137 Adjective phrases and their use
          • §138 Comparison.
        • 3.2.1.3 Syntax of pronouns
          • §139 Personal and reciprocal pronouns
          • §140 The possessive pronoun and its alternatives
          • §141 Demonstrative pronouns
          • §142 Relative pronouns
          • §143 Interrogative pronouns
          • §144 Indefinite pronoun.
        • 3.2.1.4 Syntax of numerals
          • §145 Important points on numeral use
        • 3.2.1.5 Syntax of case forms.
          • §146 Syntax of case forms: preliminaries
          • (i) Nominative and vocative
            • §147 Nominative
            • §148 Vocative
          • (ii) Accusative.
            • §149 Accusative: preliminaries
            • (a) Object accusative.
              • §150 Accusative of direct external object
              • §151 Accusative of direct internal object
              • §152 Simple object accusative.
              • §153 Double accusative
              • §154 Accusative and passive transformation.
            • (b) Free use accusative
              • §155 Accusative of extent
              • §156 Accusative of respect
              • §157 Adverbial accusative.
          • (iii) Genitive
            • §158 Genitive: preliminaries
            • (a) Genitive proper
              • (aa) Genitive of appurtenances
                • §159 Genitive of originator or possessor.
                • §160 Subjective and objective genitive
                • §161 Genitive of material or content
                • §162 Genitive of quality
                • §163 Genitive of value or price
                • §164 Genitive of direction or purpose
                • §165 Genitive of explanation or apposition.
              • (ab) Partitive genitive
                • §166 Partitive genitive modifying noun phrases
                • §167 Verbs combining with partitive genitive objects
              • (ac) Genitive of time
                • §168 Genitive of time
            • (b) Ablative genitive (genitive of departure point)
              • §169 Genitive of separation
              • §170 Genitive of comparison.
              • §171 Genitive of place
            • (c) Special cases of genitive use
              • §172 Combinations of different types of genitives
          • (iv) Dative
            • §173 Dative: preliminaries.
            • (a) Dative proper
              • §174 Objective dative
              • §175 Objective dative with adjectives
              • §176 Dative of interest.
            • (b) Instrumental dative
              • §177 Dative of instrument or cause
              • §178 Dative of respect
            • (c) Sociative dative
              • §179 Dative of association.
              • §180 Dative of manner
            • (d) Locative dative
              • §181 Dative of place
              • §182 Dative of time
        • 3.2.1.6 Prepositions.
          • §183 Syntax of prepositions: preliminaries
          • §184 Proper prepositions
          • §185 Improper prepositions
          • §186 Prepositional prefixes
          • §187 Overview of phrases indicating space, time etc..
      • 3.2.2 Syntax of verb forms
        • 3.2.2.1 Voice.
          • §188 Voice: preliminaries
          • §189 The active voice
          • §190 The middle voice
          • §191 The passive voice
        • 3.2.2.2 Aspects and tenses
          • (i) General points on aspects and tenses
            • §192 Preliminary remarks about aspects and tenses
            • §193 Synopsis of aspect forms with and without tense value
            • §194 The three aspects: detailed explanation
            • §195 Overview: examples of typical aspect use
          • (ii) Indicative verb forms
            • §196 Indicative forms: preliminaries
            • §197 Indicative present
            • §198 Imperfect.
            • §199 Indicative aorist.
            • §200 Indicative perfect
            • §201 Pluperfect
            • §202 Indicative future
            • §203 Periphrastic conjugation
          • (iii) Non-indicative verb forms
            • §204 Overview of non-indicative verb forms
          • (iv) Verb forms seemingly expressing a tense value
            • §205 Absolute tense seemingly expressed by certain verb forms
            • §206 Relative tense seemingly expressed by certain verb forms
        • 3.2.2.3 Moods
          • §207 Moods: preliminaries
          • §208 Moods and tense/aspect meanings
          • §209 Indicative
          • §210 Subjunctive
          • §211 Optative.
          • §212 Imperative
        • 3.2.2.4 Non-finite verb (nominal verb forms)
          • (i) Infinitive.
            • §213 Infinitive: preliminaries
            • §214 Infinitive and tense/aspect meanings
            • §215 Negated infinitive phrases
            • §216 Cases inside infinitive phrases: ACI et al
          • (a) Non-articular infinitive/ACI
            • §217 Infinitive/ACI phrases as subjects
            • §218 Infinitive/ACI phrases as objects
            • §219 Infinitive phrases as complements of adjectives.
            • §220 Infinitive/ACI phrases as adverbials of purpose.
            • §221 Infinitive/ACI phrases as adverbials of result.
            • §222 Explanatory infinitive/ACI phrases as appositions.
          • (b) Articular infinitive/ACI.
            • §223 Articular infinitive/ACI phrases: preliminaries
            • §224 Infinitive/ACI phrases with simple article
            • §225 Infinitive/ACI phrases with τοῦ
            • §226 Articular infinitive/ACI phrases governed by prepositions
          • (ii) Participle
            • §227 Participle: preliminaries
            • §228 Participle and tense/aspect meanings
            • §229 Syntactic use of participles
          • (a) Adverbial participle.
            • §230 Adverbial participle: “p.c.” and “gen.abs.”
            • §231 Adverbial participle: adverbial nuances
            • §232 Adverbial participle: standard ways of translating it
          • (b) Predicative participle.
            • §233 Predicative participle: ACP (and GCP)
            • §234 Predicative participle: modifying verbs
            • §235 Predicative participle: periphrastic conjugation
          • (c) Attributive and nominalized participles
            • §236 Participle phrases as attributive modifiers
            • §237 Nominalized participle phrases.
          • (d) Special idiomatic uses of participles
            • §238 “Graphic” participle
            • §239 Pleonastic participles
            • §240 Participle and the Hebrew infinitive absolute.
      • 3.2.3 Uninflected words
        • 3.2.3.1 Adverbs
          • §241 On the use of adverbs
          • §242 Comparison of adverbs
        • 3.2.3.2 Negatives
          • §243 Overview of negatives in Ancient Greek
          • §244 Typical use of negatives in KG.
          • §245 Use of the negative particle οὐ
          • §246 Use of the negative particle μή
          • §247 Peculiar uses of negative particles
          • §248 Double and multiple negatives
          • §249 Negation influenced by Semitic usage
        • 3.2.3.3 Conjunctions
          • §250 Conjunctions: preliminaries
          • §251 Overview of conjunctions
          • §252 Alphabetical list of important uninflected words
    • 3.3 Sentences and their constituents
      • §253 Sentences and their constituents: preliminaries
      • 3.3.1 Sentence constituents
        • §254 Sentence constituents: terminological approach.
        • 3.3.1.1 Obligatory sentence constituents
          • (i) Subject
            • §255 Subject: function and ways of expressing it
          • (ii) Predicate
            • §256 The predicator
            • §257 Complements: objects.
            • §258 Complements: other types of predicative elements
        • 3.3.1.2 Optional sentence constituents
          • §259 Adverbial adjuncts and subject/object adjuncts
        • 3.3.1.3 Attributive modifiers
          • §260 Attributive modifiers including apposition.
      • 3.3.2 Concord
        • §261 Concord: preliminaries
        • §262 Number concord
        • §263 Gender, number and case concord
        • §264 Phrases joined by means of καί “and” or the like
        • §265 Notional concord.
    • 3.4 Sentence/clause types
      • §266 Sentence/clause types: preliminaries
      • 3.4.1 Independent (main) clauses
        • §267 Independent declarative clauses
        • §268 Independent desiderative clauses
        • §269 Independent interrogative clauses (direct questions)
      • 3.4.2 Dependent (subordinate) clauses
        • §270 Dependent (subordinate) clauses: preliminaries
        • 3.4.2.1 Conjunctional clauses
          • (i) Conjunctional subject-object clauses
            • §271 Dependent declarative (subject-object) clauses
            • §272 Dependent desiderative (subject-object) clauses
            • §273 Dependent interrogative (subject-object) clauses
            • §274 Direct and indirect speech.
            • §275 Overview of constructions often rendered by “that”-clauses
          • (ii) Conjunctional adverbial clauses
            • §276 Temporal clauses
            • §277 Causal clauses
            • §278 Purpose clauses
            • §279 Result clauses
            • §280 Conditional clauses: preliminaries and overview
            • §281 Indefinite conditional case
            • §282 Prospective conditional case.
            • §283 Potential conditional case.
            • §284 Remote conditional case.
            • §285 Mixed conditional constructions and special cases
            • §286 Concessive and exceptive conditional clauses
            • §287 Manner clauses
          • (iii) Conjunctional clauses as attributive modifiers
            • §288 Conjunctional attributive clauses
        • 3.4.2.2 Relative clauses.
          • §289 Form and syntactic function of relative clauses
          • §290 Relative clauses with adverbial force
    • 3.5 Deviations from syntactic and other “norms”
      • §291 Deviations as stylistic devices or “figures of speech”
      • §292 Figures involving word or clause order
      • §293 Figures involving omission.
      • §294 Figures involving repetition and amplification.
      • §295 Tropes
      • §296 Figures involving paraphrasing, veiling, and unveiling
  • 4 Textgrammar
    • 4.1 Text basics
      • 4.1.1 Texts as a linguistic phenomenon
        • §297 Basic characteristics of a text
        • 4.1.1.1 Text structure
          • §298 The concept of text structure
          • §299 Example: text structure of Matthew 13:45f
        • 4.1.1.2 Coherence
          • §300 The concept of coherence
          • §301 Example: coherence of Matthew 13:45f
        • 4.1.1.3 Communicative function of texts
          • §302 The concept of communicative function of texts
          • §303 Example: the communicative function of Matthew 13:45f
        • 4.1.1.4 Further text-related aspects
          • §304 Text production strategies.
          • §305 Text types and text genres
          • §306 Macro-texts and partial texts.
          • §307 Example: further text-related aspects of Matthew 13:45f
      • 4.1.2 Text comprehension.
        • §308 Text comprehension and text interpretation.
        • §309 Text comprehension types of knowledge
        • §310 Text comprehension interaction of two processes
        • §311 Text comprehension parsing and text constituents
        • §312 Text comprehension propositional structure
        • §313 Text comprehension frames.
        • §314 Text comprehension implied elements
    • 4.2 Coherence and the two sides of text structures
      • 4.2.1 Coherence and the grammatical side of text structures
        • 4.2.1.1 Coherence and connectives.
          • (i) Connectives: possible forms
            • §318 Connectives: conjunctions
            • §319 Connectives: relatives
            • §320 Connectives: adverbs or the like
            • §321 Connectives: prepositions and case forms
          • (ii) Connections.
            • §322 Basics of connections
            • §323 Overview of connections
          • (a) Copulative connections
            • §325 Additive connection
            • §326 Alternative connection
          • (b) Temporal connection.
            • §328 Temporal-anterior connection.
            • §329 Temporal-posterior connection.
            • §330 Temporal-simultaneous connection
          • (c) Conditional connection
            • §331 Conditional connection
          • (d) Causal-codirectional connections in the widest sense
            • §333 Causal connection in a narrower sense
            • §334 Consequential connection
            • §335 Modal-instrumental connection
            • §336 Purpose-oriented connection.
          • (e) Causal-contradirectional connections in the widest sense
            • §338 Adversative connection.
            • §339 Concessive connection
          • (f) Specifying connections
            • §341 Explanatory connection
            • §342 Restrictive connection.
          • (g) Connections involving comparisons
            • §344 Comparative connection
            • §345 Proportional connection
        • 4.2.1.2 Coherence and phoric or deictic function words
          • §347 Phora and deixis
          • §348 Words used for phora and deixis
      • 4.2.2 Coherence and the content side of text structures
        • 4.2.2.1 Content words
          • §350 Coherence and coreferentiality
          • §351 Types of coreferentiality
        • 4.2.2.2 Propositional structure
          • §352 Semantic relations between propositions
          • §353 Example: relational structure of Philippians 2:511
          • §354 Alphabetical list of connectives and the like