Andley_BG4e/Syntax/AGG-Outline.md

• 3 Syntax
  • 3.1 Basics of syntax
    • §126 Definition and organization of syntax
    • §127 Sentence and its constituents
    • §128 Means of expressing syntactic relationships.
  • 3.2 Words and phrases as sentence elements.
    • 3.2.1 Syntax of declinable words and their phrases
      • §129 Peculiarities of number use.
      • 3.2.1.1 Syntax of the article
        • §130 Usage differences between Ancient Greek and English
        • §131 The pronominal use of the article
        • §132 Standard use of the article.
        • §133 Definiteness without the article
        • §134 The article and proper names
        • §135 Article use with complements and adverbials
        • §136 Article use and the attributive and predicative positions
      • 3.2.1.2 Syntax of the adjective
        • §137 Adjective phrases and their use
        • §138 Comparison.
      • 3.2.1.3 Syntax of pronouns
        • §139 Personal and reciprocal pronouns
        • §140 The possessive pronoun and its alternatives
        • §141 Demonstrative pronouns
        • §142 Relative pronouns
        • §143 Interrogative pronouns
        • §144 Indefinite pronoun.
      • 3.2.1.4 Syntax of numerals
        • §145 Important points on numeral use
      • 3.2.1.5 Syntax of case forms.
        • §146 Syntax of case forms: preliminaries
        • (i) Nominative and vocative
          • §147 Nominative
          • §148 Vocative
        • (ii) Accusative.
          • §149 Accusative: preliminaries
          • (a) Object accusative.
            • §150 Accusative of direct external object
            • §151 Accusative of direct internal object
            • §152 Simple object accusative.
            • §153 Double accusative
            • §154 Accusative and passive transformation.
          • (b) Free use accusative
            • §155 Accusative of extent
            • §156 Accusative of respect
            • §157 Adverbial accusative.
        • (iii) Genitive
          • §158 Genitive: preliminaries
          • (a) Genitive proper
            • (aa) Genitive of appurtenances
              • §159 Genitive of originator or possessor.
              • §160 Subjective and objective genitive
              • §161 Genitive of material or content
              • §162 Genitive of quality
              • §163 Genitive of value or price
              • §164 Genitive of direction or purpose
              • §165 Genitive of explanation or apposition.
            • (ab) Partitive genitive
              • §166 Partitive genitive modifying noun phrases
              • §167 Verbs combining with partitive genitive objects
            • (ac) Genitive of time
              • §168 Genitive of time
          • (b) Ablative genitive (genitive of departure point)
            • §169 Genitive of separation
            • §170 Genitive of comparison.
            • §171 Genitive of place
          • (c) Special cases of genitive use
            • §172 Combinations of different types of genitives
        • (iv) Dative
          • §173 Dative: preliminaries.
          • (a) Dative proper
            • §174 Objective dative
            • §175 Objective dative with adjectives
            • §176 Dative of interest.
          • (b) Instrumental dative
            • §177 Dative of instrument or cause
            • §178 Dative of respect
          • (c) Sociative dative
            • §179 Dative of association.
            • §180 Dative of manner
          • (d) Locative dative
            • §181 Dative of place
            • §182 Dative of time
      • 3.2.1.6 Prepositions.
        • §183 Syntax of prepositions: preliminaries
        • §184 Proper prepositions
        • §185 Improper prepositions
        • §186 Prepositional prefixes
        • §187 Overview of phrases indicating space, time etc..
    • 3.2.2 Syntax of verb forms
      • 3.2.2.1 Voice.
        • §188 Voice: preliminaries
        • §189 The active voice
        • §190 The middle voice
        • §191 The passive voice
      • 3.2.2.2 Aspects and tenses
        • (i) General points on aspects and tenses
          • §192 Preliminary remarks about aspects and tenses
          • §193 Synopsis of aspect forms with and without tense value
          • §194 The three aspects: detailed explanation
          • §195 Overview: examples of typical aspect use
        • (ii) Indicative verb forms
          • §196 Indicative forms: preliminaries
          • §197 Indicative present
          • §198 Imperfect.
          • §199 Indicative aorist.
          • §200 Indicative perfect
          • §201 Pluperfect
          • §202 Indicative future
          • §203 Periphrastic conjugation
        • (iii) Non-indicative verb forms
          • §204 Overview of non-indicative verb forms
        • (iv) Verb forms seemingly expressing a tense value
          • §205 Absolute tense seemingly expressed by certain verb forms
          • §206 Relative tense seemingly expressed by certain verb forms
      • 3.2.2.3 Moods
        • §207 Moods: preliminaries
        • §208 Moods and tense/aspect meanings
        • §209 Indicative
        • §210 Subjunctive
        • §211 Optative.
        • §212 Imperative
      • 3.2.2.4 Non-finite verb (nominal verb forms)
        • (i) Infinitive.
          • §213 Infinitive: preliminaries
          • §214 Infinitive and tense/aspect meanings
          • §215 Negated infinitive phrases
          • §216 Cases inside infinitive phrases: ACI et al
        • (a) Non-articular infinitive/ACI
          • §217 Infinitive/ACI phrases as subjects
          • §218 Infinitive/ACI phrases as objects
          • §219 Infinitive phrases as complements of adjectives.
          • §220 Infinitive/ACI phrases as adverbials of purpose.
          • §221 Infinitive/ACI phrases as adverbials of result.
          • §222 Explanatory infinitive/ACI phrases as appositions.
        • (b) Articular infinitive/ACI.
          • §223 Articular infinitive/ACI phrases: preliminaries
          • §224 Infinitive/ACI phrases with simple article
          • §225 Infinitive/ACI phrases with τοῦ
          • §226 Articular infinitive/ACI phrases governed by prepositions
        • (ii) Participle
          • §227 Participle: preliminaries
          • §228 Participle and tense/aspect meanings
          • §229 Syntactic use of participles
        • (a) Adverbial participle.
          • §230 Adverbial participle: “p.c.” and “gen.abs.”
          • §231 Adverbial participle: adverbial nuances
          • §232 Adverbial participle: standard ways of translating it
        • (b) Predicative participle.
          • §233 Predicative participle: ACP (and GCP)
          • §234 Predicative participle: modifying verbs
          • §235 Predicative participle: periphrastic conjugation
        • (c) Attributive and nominalized participles
          • §236 Participle phrases as attributive modifiers
          • §237 Nominalized participle phrases.
        • (d) Special idiomatic uses of participles
          • §238 “Graphic” participle
          • §239 Pleonastic participles
          • §240 Participle and the Hebrew infinitive absolute.
    • 3.2.3 Uninflected words
      • 3.2.3.1 Adverbs
        • §241 On the use of adverbs
        • §242 Comparison of adverbs
      • 3.2.3.2 Negatives
        • §243 Overview of negatives in Ancient Greek
        • §244 Typical use of negatives in KG.
        • §245 Use of the negative particle οὐ
        • §246 Use of the negative particle μή
        • §247 Peculiar uses of negative particles
        • §248 Double and multiple negatives
        • §249 Negation influenced by Semitic usage
      • 3.2.3.3 Conjunctions
        • §250 Conjunctions: preliminaries
        • §251 Overview of conjunctions
        • §252 Alphabetical list of important uninflected words
  • 3.3 Sentences and their constituents
    • §253 Sentences and their constituents: preliminaries
    • 3.3.1 Sentence constituents
      • §254 Sentence constituents: terminological approach.
      • 3.3.1.1 Obligatory sentence constituents
        • (i) Subject
          • §255 Subject: function and ways of expressing it
        • (ii) Predicate
          • §256 The predicator
          • §257 Complements: objects.
          • §258 Complements: other types of predicative elements
      • 3.3.1.2 Optional sentence constituents
        • §259 Adverbial adjuncts and subject/object adjuncts
      • 3.3.1.3 Attributive modifiers
        • §260 Attributive modifiers including apposition.
    • 3.3.2 Concord
      • §261 Concord: preliminaries
      • §262 Number concord
      • §263 Gender, number and case concord
      • §264 Phrases joined by means of καί “and” or the like
      • §265 Notional concord.
  • 3.4 Sentence/clause types
    • §266 Sentence/clause types: preliminaries
    • 3.4.1 Independent (main) clauses
      • §267 Independent declarative clauses
      • §268 Independent desiderative clauses
      • §269 Independent interrogative clauses (direct questions)
    • 3.4.2 Dependent (subordinate) clauses
      • §270 Dependent (subordinate) clauses: preliminaries
      • 3.4.2.1 Conjunctional clauses
        • (i) Conjunctional subject-object clauses
          • §271 Dependent declarative (subject-object) clauses
          • §272 Dependent desiderative (subject-object) clauses
          • §273 Dependent interrogative (subject-object) clauses
          • §274 Direct and indirect speech.
          • §275 Overview of constructions often rendered by “that”-clauses
        • (ii) Conjunctional adverbial clauses
          • §276 Temporal clauses
          • §277 Causal clauses
          • §278 Purpose clauses
          • §279 Result clauses
          • §280 Conditional clauses: preliminaries and overview
          • §281 Indefinite conditional case
          • §282 Prospective conditional case.
          • §283 Potential conditional case.
          • §284 Remote conditional case.
          • §285 Mixed conditional constructions and special cases
          • §286 Concessive and exceptive conditional clauses
          • §287 Manner clauses
        • (iii) Conjunctional clauses as attributive modifiers
          • §288 Conjunctional attributive clauses
      • 3.4.2.2 Relative clauses.
        • §289 Form and syntactic function of relative clauses
        • §290 Relative clauses with adverbial force
  • 3.5 Deviations from syntactic and other “norms”
    • §291 Deviations as stylistic devices or “figures of speech”
    • §292 Figures involving word or clause order
    • §293 Figures involving omission.
    • §294 Figures involving repetition and amplification.
    • §295 Tropes
    • §296 Figures involving paraphrasing, veiling, and unveiling
• 4 Textgrammar
  • 4.1 Text basics
    • 4.1.1 Texts as a linguistic phenomenon
      • §297 Basic characteristics of a text
      • 4.1.1.1 Text structure
        • §298 The concept of text structure
        • §299 Example: text structure of Matthew 13:45f
      • 4.1.1.2 Coherence
        • §300 The concept of coherence
        • §301 Example: coherence of Matthew 13:45f
      • 4.1.1.3 Communicative function of texts
        • §302 The concept of communicative function of texts
        • §303 Example: the communicative function of Matthew 13:45f
      • 4.1.1.4 Further text-related aspects
        • §304 Text production strategies.
        • §305 Text types and text genres
        • §306 Macro-texts and partial texts.
        • §307 Example: further text-related aspects of Matthew 13:45f
    • 4.1.2 Text comprehension.
      • §308 Text comprehension and text interpretation.
      • §309 Text comprehension – types of knowledge
      • §310 Text comprehension – interaction of two processes
      • §311 Text comprehension – parsing and text constituents
      • §312 Text comprehension – propositional structure
      • §313 Text comprehension – frames.
      • §314 Text comprehension – implied elements
  • 4.2 Coherence and the two sides of text structures
    • 4.2.1 Coherence and the grammatical side of text structures
      • 4.2.1.1 Coherence and connectives.
        • (i) Connectives: possible forms
          • §318 Connectives: conjunctions
          • §319 Connectives: relatives
          • §320 Connectives: adverbs or the like
          • §321 Connectives: prepositions and case forms
        • (ii) Connections.
          • §322 Basics of connections
          • §323 Overview of connections
        • (a) Copulative connections
          • §325 Additive connection
          • §326 Alternative connection
        • (b) Temporal connection.
          • §328 Temporal-anterior connection.
          • §329 Temporal-posterior connection.
          • §330 Temporal-simultaneous connection
        • (c) Conditional connection
          • §331 Conditional connection
        • (d) Causal-codirectional connections in the widest sense
          • §333 Causal connection in a narrower sense
          • §334 Consequential connection
          • §335 Modal-instrumental connection
          • §336 Purpose-oriented connection.
        • (e) Causal-contradirectional connections in the widest sense
          • §338 Adversative connection.
          • §339 Concessive connection
        • (f) Specifying connections
          • §341 Explanatory connection
          • §342 Restrictive connection.
        • (g) Connections involving comparisons
          • §344 Comparative connection
          • §345 Proportional connection
      • 4.2.1.2 Coherence and phoric or deictic function words
        • §347 Phora and deixis
        • §348 Words used for phora and deixis
    • 4.2.2 Coherence and the content side of text structures
      • 4.2.2.1 Content words
        • §350 Coherence and coreferentiality
        • §351 Types of coreferentiality
      • 4.2.2.2 Propositional structure
        • §352 Semantic relations between propositions
        • §353 Example: relational structure of Philippians 2:5–11
        • §354 Alphabetical list of connectives and the like