Andley_BG4e/Syntax/§000.md

The grammar – Koine-Greek

Preliminaries

0. Introduction: The approach of this grammar

0.1 The intended audience

0.1.1 Translators

0.1.2 Linguists

0.2 Greek grammars & linguistic adequacy

0.3 The theoretical perspective

0.3.1 Cognitive

0.3.1.1 The rejection of classical categories

0.3.1.2 Language and the embodied mind

0.3.1.3 Prototypes & gestalts

0.3.1.4 Emergence & complex systems

0.3.2 Functional

0.3.2.1 Motivated syntax

0.3.2.2 Iconicity in form and function

0.3.3 Descriptive

0.3.3.1 Sources of data

0.3.3.2 Methodology for analysis

0.4 Conclusion & summary

Part I: Parts-of-speech and morphosyntax

1. Verbal inflectional categories

1.1 Valance & Valency alternating morphology

1.1.1 Transitivity and embodiment

1.1.2 Prototypical transitive events

1.1.3 Event energy source

1.1.4 Event energy direction

1.1.5 Notes on activa tantum and media tantum verbs

1.2 Aspect

1.2.1 Perfective

1.2.2 Imperfective

1.2.3 Completive-resultative

1.3 Tense

1.3.1 Past

1.3.2 Non-past

1.3.3 Future

1.4 Mood/modality

1.4.1 Indicative: The unmarked/default mood

1.4.2 Subjunctive: Epistemic modality

1.4.3 Optative: Remote epistemic modality

1.4.4 Imperative: Deontic modality & illocutionary force

1.4.5 Exhortatives: interlocutors & participant reference

1.5 Subject agreement

1.5.1 Person

1.5.2 Number

2. Inflectional morphology of the verb

3. Auxiliary verbs

3.1 Types of auxiliaries

3.2 Periphrasis

3.3 Auxiliaries and participles

4. Verbal derivational morphology

4.1 Infinitive

4.2 Participle

4.3 Compounding & similar processes

4.3.1 Pre-verb attachment/directionals

4.3.2 Compounding

4.3.3 Noun incorporation

5. Nominal inflectional categories

5.1 Gender

5.1.1 Gender as noun class

5.1.2 Masculine

5.1.3 Feminine

5.1.4 Neuter

5.1.5 Gender in nouns

5.1.6 Gender agreement & co-indexing

5.2 Number

5.2.1 Singular

5.2.2 Plural

5.2.3 Dual*

6. Inflectional Morphology of the Noun

7. Inflectional Morphology of the Adjective

7.1 Adjective inflection classes and iconicity

7.2 Formal relationships among adjective classes

8. Inflectional morphology of quantifiers

9. Other derivational morphology

9.1 Nominalization

9.2 Modifier derivation

10. Referential & deictic system

10.1 Interlocutives

10.1.1 Personal pronouns

10.1.2 Possessive pronouns

10.1.3 Reflexive pronouns

10.2 Non-interlocutives

10.2.1 Definite

10.2.1.1 Substitutive

10.2.1.1.1 Personal

10.2.1.1.2 Demonstrative

10.2.1.2 Non-substitutive

10.2.2 Non-definite

10.2.2.1 Indefinite

10.2.2.2 Interrogative

10.2.3 Relative

10.2.4 Correlative

11. Prepositions

12. Other lexical classes

12.1 Adverbs

12.2 Negators

12.3 Connectives

12.4 Interjectives

Part II: Syntax, semantics, & discourse

1. An overview of syntax & semantics

1.1 The layered structure of the clause

1.1.1 The nucleus, core, and clause

1.1.2 Verbal and non-verbal predicates

1.1.3 Arguments & Adjuncts

1.1.4 Special syntactic positions

1.1.5 Operators

1.2 Predicate-types

1.2.1 States

1.2.2 Activities & active achievements

1.2.3 Achievements

1.2.4 Accomplishment

1.2.5 Semelfactives

1.2.6 Causatives

1.3 Sentence Prosody: Prominence and Pauses

1.4 Information Packaging in the Clause

1.5 Conclusion: A construction-driven approach

2. The simplex clause

2.1 Default clause structure

2.1.1 Natural information flow & information structure

2.1.2 Constituent order & prosody within the core

2.1.3 Declaratives

2.1.4 Content Questions

2.1.5 Yes/No Questions

2.1.6 Commands and prohibitions

2.2 Marked clause structures

2.2.1 Prosody, constituent order & the pre-core slot

2.2.2 Prosody, constituent order & the detached positions

2.2.3 Marked topic constructions

2.2.4 Marked focus constructions

2.3 Other constructions

2.3.1 Noun incorporation and other ditransitive constructions

2.3.2 Predicate types of clause constructions

2.3.3 Constructions involving operators in the clause

3. The simple reference phrase (i.e. the noun phrase)

3.1 Major functions of the reference phrase

3.2 Basic noun phrase structure

3.2.1 Constituent structure

3.2.1.1 Layered Structure of the noun phrase

3.2.1.2 NP Arguments

3.2.1.3 NP Adjuncts

3.2.2 Noun phrase operators

3.2.2.1 Deixis

3.2.2.2 Identifiability

3.2.2.3 Specificity

3.2.2.4 Negation

3.2.2.5 Quantification

3.2.2.6 Aspect

3.3 Noun phrases and information structure

3.4 Lexical Nominalization

3.4.1 Processes for forming nouns from lexical verbs

3.4.2 Syntactic collocation

3.4.2.1 Assimilation of arguments to NP syntax

3.4.2.2 Unexpressed arguments

4. Prepositional phrases

5. An introduction to complex constructions

6. Coordinate constructions

6.1 The semantics of connectives

6.2 The structure of coordination
6.3 Postpositives

7. Subordination & co-subordination

7.1 Subordinate clauses with clause linkage markers

7.2 Infinitives

7.2.1 Infinitives as arguments

7.2.2 Infinitives as adjuncts

7.2.3 Infinitives as complex predicates

7.3 Participles

7.3.1 Participles as arguments

7.3.2 Participles as adjuncts

7.3.3 Participles as complex predicates

8. Insubordination

9. Prepositional phrases

9.1 Prepositional phrases as adjuncts

9.2 Prepositional phrases as arguments

9.3 Prepositional phrases between adjuncts & arguments

10. Complex reference phrases

10.1 Participles within the reference phrase

10.2 Relative clauses

10.2.1 Headed relative clauses

10.2.2 Non-headed relative clauses

11. Discourse structure

11.1 Sentence processing

11.2 Sentence fragments and interjections

11.3 Self-repair & Correction

12. Cohesion strategies

Appendices

Appendix #1 – Middle voice systems in a typological context

Appendix #2 – The Tense / Aspect non-debate

Appendix #2 – The Greek Referential & Deictic System

Appendix #3 – The Lexicon

Cross-referencing index for traditional grammar categories