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## 腓立比書—子句結構
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# 腓立比書 (Philippians) 子句結構
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聖經希臘文的子句結構可以分成三種：(1) 主要 (primary)、獨立 (independent) 子句；(2) 次要 (secondary)、從屬 (dependent/subordinate) 子句；(3) 內嵌 (embedded) 子句。三者的功用並不相同。
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## 約翰書信—子句結構
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# 約翰書信 (123John) 子句結構
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聖經希臘文的子句結構可以分成三種：(1) 主要 (primary)、獨立 (independent) 子句；(2) 次要 (secondary)、從屬 (dependent/subordinate) 子句；(3) 內嵌 (embedded) 子句。三者的功用並不相同。
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#### (3a) 不定詞內嵌子句
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不定詞是：動詞＋名詞的結合體。因為有名詞的特色，所以單獨一個不定詞，就可以當名詞使用，內嵌在其他子句裡面；因為有動詞的特色，所以可以有自己的主語 (通常是直接受格)、補語 (也是直接受格)、狀語，進而形成不定詞子句，內嵌在主要子句、從屬子句裡面，當成另外一個子句的元素。
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- <rt>3Jn 1:13</rt> (<RUBY><ruby><ruby>Πολλὰ<rt>Many things</rt></ruby><rt>πολύς</rt></ruby><rt>A-APN</rt></RUBY>)C <RUBY><ruby><ruby>**εἶχον**<rt>I had</rt></ruby><rt>ἔχω</rt></ruby><rt>V-IAI-1S</rt></RUBY> { <RUBY><ruby><ruby>*γράψαι*<rt>to write</rt></ruby><rt>γράφω</rt></ruby><rt>V-AAN</rt></RUBY> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>σοι,<rt>to you,</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2DS</rt></RUBY> }C
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- <rt>3Jn 1:13</rt> { <rt>[</rt><RUBY><ruby><ruby>Πολλὰ<rt>Many things</rt></ruby><rt>πολύς</rt></ruby><rt>A-APN</rt></RUBY><rt>]c1</rt> }C<sub>-</sub> <RUBY><ruby><ruby>**εἶχον**<rt>I had</rt></ruby><rt>ἔχω</rt></ruby><rt>V-IAI-1S</rt></RUBY> <sub>-</sub>C{ <RUBY><ruby><ruby>*γράψαι*<rt>to write</rt></ruby><rt>γράφω</rt></ruby><rt>V-AAN</rt></RUBY> <rt>[</rt><RUBY><ruby><ruby>σοι,<rt>to you,</rt></ruby><rt>σύ</rt></ruby><rt>P-2DS</rt></RUBY><rt>]c2</rt> }
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- 不定詞 γράψαι 有兩個補語，一個是「事」(Πολλὰ)，一個是「人」(σοι)，合起來形成不定詞內嵌子句，當作主要動詞 εἶχον 的受詞 (補語)。
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#### (3b) 分詞內嵌子句
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# 約翰書信 (123John) 風格特色
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ἐν τούτῳ
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1 Jn. 2:3
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### 詞彙頻率 (≧ 5x)
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#### 功能詞 (Function Words)
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| 連接詞 | 介系詞 |
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|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------|
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| 對等連接詞 | ἐν, in (dat) (90x) |
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| καί, and, even, also (159x) | ἐκ, ἐξ, out of, from (gen) (37x) |
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| ἀλλά, but, except (20x) | ἀπό, from (gen) (22x) |
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| δέ, but, and (12x) | εἰς, into (acc) (13x) |
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| γάρ, for (6x) | πρός, to, towards, with (acc) (12x) |
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| 從屬連接詞 | περί, concerning, about (gen); around (acc) (11x) |
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| ὅτι, that, because, since (79x) | μετά, with (gen); after (acc) (9x) |
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| ἵνα, in order that, that (26x) | διά, through (gen); on account of (acc) (9x) |
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| ἐάν, if (24x) | ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ, a sin, sin (17x) |
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| καθώς, as, just as, even as (13x) | Ἰησοῦς, Jesus, Joshua (14x) |
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| εἰ, if (8x) | ζωή, -ῆς, ἡ, life (13x) |
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| 連接詞 | 介系詞 |
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|---|---|
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| 對等連接詞 | ἐν, in (dat) (90x) |
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| καί, and, even, also (159x) | ἐκ, ἐξ, out of, from (gen) (37x) |
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| ἀλλά, but, except (20x) | ἀπό, from (gen) (22x) |
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| δέ, but, and (12x) | εἰς, into (acc) (13x) |
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| γάρ, for (6x) | πρός, to, towards, with (acc) (12x) |
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| 從屬連接詞 | περί, concerning, about (gen); around (acc) (11x) |
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| ὅτι, that, because, since (79x) | μετά, with (gen); after (acc) (9x) |
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| ἵνα, in order that, that (26x) | διά, through (gen); on account of (acc) (9x) |
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| ἐάν, if (24x) | ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ, a sin, sin (17x) |
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| καθώς, as, just as, even as (13x) | Ἰησοῦς, Jesus, Joshua (14x) |
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| εἰ, if (8x) | ζωή, -ῆς, ἡ, life (13x) |
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#### 內容詞 (Content Words)
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| 動詞 | 名詞 |
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|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------|
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| εἰμί, I am (107x) | κόσμος, -ου, ὁ, the world (24x) |
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| ἔχω, to have, hold (34x) | υἱός, -οῦ, ὁ, a son (24x) |
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| ἀγαπάω, to love (31x) | θεός, -οῦ, ὁ, a god, God (67x) |
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| μένω, to remain, abide (27x) | ἀγάπη, -ης, ἡ, love (21x) |
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| γινώσκω, to come to know, learn, know, realize (26x) | ἀλήθεια, -ας, ἡ, truth (20x) |
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| γράφω, to write (18x) | ἀδελφός, -οῦ, ὁ, brother (18x) |
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| ἀκούω, to hear (16x) | ἐντολή, -ῆς, ἡ, a commandment (18x) |
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| οἶδα, to know (16x) | πατήρ, πατρός, ὁ, father (18x) |
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| ποιέω, to do, make (16x) | ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ, a sin, sin (17x) |
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| ὁράω, to see (11x) | Ἰησοῦς, Jesus, Joshua (14x) |
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| ἁμαρτάνω, to sin (10x) | ζωή, -ῆς, ἡ, life (13x) |
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| γεννάω, to beget (10x) | πνεῦμα, -τος, τό, a spirit, the Spirit (12x) |
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| λέγω, to say, speak (10x) | Χριστός, -οῦ, ὁ, Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (11x) |
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| μαρτυρέω, to bear witness, testify (10x) | ἀρχή, -ῆς, ἡ, a beginning (10x) |
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| περιπατέω, to walk (10x) | λόγος, -ου, ὁ, a word, the Word (7x) |
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| φανερόω, to manifest, make manifest, reveal (9x) | μαρτυρία, -ας, ἡ, a testimony, evidence (7x) |
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| πιστεύω, to have faith (in), believe (9x) | φῶς, -φωτός, τό, light (6x) |
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| τέκνον, -ου, τό, a child (9x) | θάνατος, -ου, ὁ, death (6x) |
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| ἔρχομαι, to come, go (8x) | σκοτία, -ας, ἡ, darkness (6x) |
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| πονηρός, -ά, -όν, evil (8x) | τεκνίον, -ου, τό, a little child (6x) |
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| δίδωμι, to give (7x) | ἀντίχριστος, -ου, ὁ, antichrist (5x) |
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| ἐκεῖνος, -η, -ο, that (7x) | ἔργον, -ου, τό, work, deed (5x) |
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| τηρέω, to keep (7x) | ὄνομα, -τος, τό, a name (5x) |
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| λαμβάνω, to take, receive (6x) | ψεύστης, -ου, ὁ, a liar (5x) |
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| νικάω, to conquer (6x) | |
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| ὁμολογέω, to confess, profess (6x) | |
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| αἰτέω, to ask (5x) | |
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| μισέω, to hate (5x) | |
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| 動詞 | 名詞 |
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|------|------|
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| εἰμί, I am (107x) | κόσμος, -ου, ὁ, the world (24x) |
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| ἔχω, to have, hold (34x) | υἱός, -οῦ, ὁ, a son (24x) |
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| ἀγαπάω, to love (31x) | θεός, -οῦ, ὁ, a god, God (67x) |
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| μένω, to remain, abide (27x) | ἀγάπη, -ης, ἡ, love (21x) |
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| γινώσκω, to come to know, learn, know, realize (26x) | ἀλήθεια, -ας, ἡ, truth (20x) |
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| γράφω, to write (18x) | ἀδελφός, -οῦ, ὁ, brother (18x) |
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| ἀκούω, to hear (16x) | ἐντολή, -ῆς, ἡ, a commandment (18x) |
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| οἶδα, to know (16x) | πατήρ, πατρός, ὁ, father (18x) |
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| ποιέω, to do, make (16x) | ἁμαρτία, -ας, ἡ, a sin, sin (17x) |
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| ὁράω, to see (11x) | Ἰησοῦς, Jesus, Joshua (14x) |
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| ἁμαρτάνω, to sin (10x) | ζωή, -ῆς, ἡ, life (13x) |
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| γεννάω, to beget (10x) | πνεῦμα, -τος, τό, a spirit, the Spirit (12x) |
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| λέγω, to say, speak (10x) | Χριστός, -οῦ, ὁ, Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (11x) |
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| μαρτυρέω, to bear witness, testify (10x) | ἀρχή, -ῆς, ἡ, a beginning (10x) |
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| περιπατέω, to walk (10x) | λόγος, -ου, ὁ, a word, the Word (7x) |
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| φανερόω, to manifest, make manifest, reveal (9x) | μαρτυρία, -ας, ἡ, a testimony, evidence (7x) |
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| πιστεύω, to have faith (in), believe (9x) | φῶς, -φωτός, τό, light (6x) |
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| τέκνον, -ου, τό, a child (9x) | θάνατος, -ου, ὁ, death (6x) |
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| ἔρχομαι, to come, go (8x) | σκοτία, -ας, ἡ, darkness (6x) |
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| πονηρός, -ά, -όν, evil (8x) | τεκνίον, -ου, τό, a little child (6x) |
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| δίδωμι, to give (7x) | ἀντίχριστος, -ου, ὁ, antichrist (5x) |
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| ἐκεῖνος, -η, -ο, that (7x) | ἔργον, -ου, τό, work, deed (5x) |
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| τηρέω, to keep (7x) | ὄνομα, -τος, τό, a name (5x) |
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| λαμβάνω, to take, receive (6x) | ψεύστης, -ου, ὁ, a liar (5x) |
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| νικάω, to conquer (6x) | |
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| ὁμολογέω, to confess, profess (6x) | |
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| αἰτέω, to ask (5x) | |
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| μισέω, to hate (5x) | |
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### Hapax legomenon (罕見字、生僻字、孤寡字)
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@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ Interlinear 經文出自 [STEP Bible](http://www.stepbible.org/) 的 [TAGNT (Tra
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#### 原文特色
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- [約翰書信——子句結構](123John-Clause.md)
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- [約翰書信——句法特色](123John-Syntax.md)
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- [約翰書信——詞彙分析](123John-Vocabulary.md)
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- [約翰書信 (123John) 子句結構](123John-Clause.md)
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- [約翰書信 (123John) 風格特色](123John-Style.md)
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- [約翰書信 (123John) 詞彙分析](123John-Vocabulary.md)
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#### 句法筆記
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經文分段和標題則是根據 [UBS5](https://www.academic-bible.com/en/online-bibles/greek-new-testament-ubs5/read-the-bible-text/bibel/text/lesen/stelle/72/10001/19999/ch/9f95d8cd0fd3aaae4a4dbb2208e8408b/)
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Interlinear 經文出自 [STEPBible.org](https://www.STEPBible.or) 的 [TAGNT (T
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#### 原文特色
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- [約翰書信——子句結構](../62-1John/123John-Syntax.md)
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- [約翰書信——子句結構](../62-1John/123John-Style.md)
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- [約翰書信——詞彙分析](123John-Vocabulary.md)
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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Interlinear 經文出自 [STEPBible.org](https://www.STEPBible.or) 的 [TAGNT (T
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#### 原文特色
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- [約翰書信——子句結構](../62-1John/123John-Syntax.md)
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- [約翰書信——子句結構](../62-1John/123John-Style.md)
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- [約翰書信——詞彙分析](123John-Vocabulary.md)
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