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I kept them in your name
Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. AT: "I kept them with your protection" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
not one of them was destroyed, except for the son of destruction
"the only one among them who was destroyed is the son of destruction"
the son of destruction
This refers to Judas, who betrayed Jesus. AT: "the one whom you long ago decided you would destroy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit)
so that the scriptures would be fulfilled
You can translate this in an active form. AT: "to fulfill the prophecy about him in the scriptures" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
in the world
Here "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
so that they will have my joy fulfilled in themselves
You can translate this in an active form. AT: "so that you might give them great joy" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world
Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. AT: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)