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See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry and rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism This psalm is a song that teaches people.
For the chief musician
"This is for the director of music to use in worship."
A psalm of the sons of Korah
“This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.”
Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants ...
These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to get people's attention. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism)
Hear this, all you peoples
The author begins to speak to everyone from every people group in the world. Even though the people cannot hear him he does this to express that his message is important. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe)
give ear
The author asks for the people to listen by asking for the part of the body that listens. AT: "Listen" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche)
Both low and high
A person's respect in their community is expressed by height. A person who is very respected in the community is high and a person who is not respected is considered low. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom)
low and high, rich and poor
There two phrases include all people. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism)