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Then is this blessing pronounced only on those of the circumcision, or also on those of the uncircumcision?
This remark appears in the form of a question to add emphasis. AT: "Does God bless only those who are circumcised, or also those who are not circumcised?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
those of the circumcision
This is a metonym that refers to the Jewish people. AT: "the Jews" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
those of the uncircumcision
This is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. AT: "the Gentiles" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy)
Faith was counted to Abraham as righteousness
You can translate this in an active form. AT: "God considered the faith of Abraham as righteousness" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive)
So how was it counted? When Abraham was in circumcision, or in uncircumcision?
Paul asks these questions to add emphasis to his remarks. AT: "When did God consider Abraham to be righteous? Was it before his circumcision, or after it?" (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)
It was not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision
"It happened before he was circumcised, not after he was circumcised"