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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Preferred English renderings appear in bold type.
* *Hand* indicating power or possession: we recommend that you keep this metaphor in the ULB. * *Hand* indicating power or possession: we recommend that you keep this metaphor in the ULB.
* *wehinneh *"**Behold**" (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech). For conversational passages, see the preceding paragraph. * *wehinneh *"**Behold**" (when used in normal narrative passages or in narrative embedded in direct speech). For conversational passages, see the preceding paragraph.
* *YHWH* , * Jehovah, LORD * (when referring to YHWH) " ** Yahweh ** " (The ASV uses "Jehovah," but we will not.) * *YHWH* , * Jehovah, LORD * (when referring to YHWH) " ** Yahweh ** " (The ASV uses "Jehovah," but we will not.)
* *Meshiach "***Messiah**" (almost always, "**the Messiah**," since "Messiah" is a titl*e)* * *Meshiach* "***Messiah**" (almost always, "**the Messiah**," since "Messiah" is a title)
* Sentence-initial or preverbal *and* of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. In some cases, good English style may require a preverbal "and." When it does, you are free to supply it. In most cases, however, English style does not require this "and." Note that the ASV very often supplies preverbal "and" even when there is no * kai * ​ in Greek, and even when Greek has the particle * de * , and, in fact, often when there is no Greek connective at all between clauses. * Sentence-initial or preverbal *and* of the type, "and Joseph said," "and it came about," etc.: translate these without supplying "and." These occurrences of "and" in the ASV and its derivatives usually occur where the ASV translates the preverbal Greek particle *kai* or the Hebrew *vav * in the *wayyiqtol * verb form. The Greek particle *kai* was usually a Hebraism on the part of the New Testament writers that reflected their understanding that the Hebrew *wayyiqtol * form contained the conjunctive *vav* 'and.' This, however, was a misunderstanding, for modern scholarship has shown that the *wayyiqtol* form was a frozen form with parallels in cognate Semitic languages; it was the preferred Hebrew verb form for signaling event verbs in Hebrew narration. In some cases, good English style may require a preverbal "and." When it does, you are free to supply it. In most cases, however, English style does not require this "and." Note that the ASV very often supplies preverbal "and" even when there is no * kai * ​ in Greek, and even when Greek has the particle * de * , and, in fact, often when there is no Greek connective at all between clauses.
* Expressions of the type, "he knew his wife" or "he went into his wife": try to use acceptable English euphemisms such as, " ** he slept with his wife ** ," " ** he made love to his wife ** ," or even " ** they came together as man and wife ** ." Every language has its own euphemisms for these ideas, and our English usage is simply to encourage them to employ their own. This general rule is as true for the UDB as for the ULB. To express a crime of this nature, try using, " ** he forced himself on her ** ." * Expressions of the type, "he knew his wife" or "he went into his wife": try to use acceptable English euphemisms such as, " ** he slept with his wife ** ," " ** he made love to his wife ** ," or even " ** they came together as man and wife ** ." Every language has its own euphemisms for these ideas, and our English usage is simply to encourage them to employ their own. This general rule is as true for the UDB as for the ULB. To express a crime of this nature, try using, " ** he forced himself on her ** ."
* ** Shall ** vs. ** will ** : in English future expressions in general, use " ** will ** " instead of "shall," e.g., "he is a prophet, and he <del>shall</del> ** will ** pray for you" (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today's English by using the present tense, e.g., "I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come" (Luke 22:18) can be updated to "I ** will ** not drink...until the kingdom of God ** comes**." Cases in which "shall" expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., "You shall not steal" becomes " ** Do ** not steal," and "Shall I go and smite these Philistines?" (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes "**Should ** I go and attack these Philistines?" This general preference for "will" probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, retain the use of "shall" in the ULB, e.g., "Yahweh said, **'Shall ** I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Gen 18:17), " A deliverer **shall ** come to Zion," "every mountain and hill **shall ** be made low." * ** Shall ** vs. ** will ** : in English future expressions in general, use " ** will ** " instead of "shall," e.g., "he is a prophet, and he <del>shall</del> ** will ** pray for you" (Gen 20:7). Note that some ASV future expressions are better updated into today's English by using the present tense, e.g., "I shall not drink from...the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come" (Luke 22:18) can be updated to "I ** will ** not drink...until the kingdom of God ** comes**." Cases in which "shall" expresses obligation can usually be restructured, e.g., "You shall not steal" becomes " ** Do ** not steal," and "Shall I go and smite these Philistines?" (1 Sam. 23:2) becomes "**Should ** I go and attack these Philistines?" This general preference for "will" probably conforms to the instincts of most English native speakers. However, in genres such as prophecies, blessings, curses, and in other passages focusing on the expression of the speaker's intentionality, retain the use of "shall" in the ULB, e.g., "Yahweh said, **'Shall ** I hide from Abraham what I am about to do...?'" (Gen 18:17), " A deliverer **shall ** come to Zion," "every mountain and hill **shall ** be made low."