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Issues 96, 97, 98 - Distinguish

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Susan Quigley 2019-02-13 20:23:54 +00:00
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@ -20,33 +20,38 @@ With the comma, the sentence is giving more information:
### Examples from the Bible
#### Words and phrases that are used to distinguish one item from other possible items
**Words and phrases that are used to distinguish one item from other possible items**
These usually do not cause a problem in translation.
>The curtain is to separate <u>the holy place</u> from <u>the most holy place</u>. (Exodus 26:33 ULB)
The words "holy" and "most holy" distinguish two different places from each other and from any other place.
>A foolish son is a grief to his father, and bitterness to <u>the woman who bore him</u>. (Proverbs 17:25 ULB)
The phrase "who bore him" distinguishes which woman the son is bitterness to. He is not bitterness to all women, but to his mother.
* The phrase "who bore him" distinguishes which woman the son is bitterness to. He is not bitterness to all women, but to his mother.
#### Words and phrases that are used to give added information or a reminder about an item
>The curtain is to separate <u>the holy place</u> from <u>the most holy place</u>. (Exodus 26:33 ULB)
* The words "holy" and "most holy" distinguish two different places from each other and from any other place.
**Words and phrases that are used to give added information or a reminder about an item**
These are a translation issue for languages that do not use these.
><u>Your righteous judgments</u> are good. (Psalm 119:39 ULB)
The word "righteous" simply reminds us that God's judgments are righteous. It does not distinguish his righteous judgements from his unrighteous judgements, because all of his judgments are righteous.
>How can Sarah, <u>who is ninety years old</u>, bear a son? (Genesis 17:17 ULB)
The phrase "who is ninety years old" is the reason that Abraham did not think that Sarah could bear a son. He was not distinguishing one woman named Sarah from another woman named Sarah who was a different age, and he was not telling anyone something new about her age. He simply did not think that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
* The phrase "who is ninety years old" is the reason that Abraham did not think that Sarah could bear a son. He was not distinguishing one woman named Sarah from another woman named Sarah who was a different age, and he was not telling anyone something new about her age. He simply did not think that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
>I will wipe away mankind <u>whom I have created from the surface of the earth</u>. (Genesis 6:7 ULB)
>I will call on Yahweh, <u>who is worthy to be praised</u>. (2 Samuel 22:4 ULB)
The phrase "whom I have created from the surface of the earth" is a reminder of the relationship between God and mankind. It is the reason God had the right to wipe away mankind. There is not another mankind.
* The phrase "who is worthy to be praised" is the speaker's reason for calling on Yahweh.
> I hate those who serve <u>worthless</u> idols (Psalm 31:6 ULB)
* By saying "worthless idols," David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols.
><u>Your righteous judgments</u> are good. (Psalm 119:39 ULB)
* The word "righteous" simply reminds us that God's judgments are righteous. It does not distinguish his righteous judgements from his unrighteous judgements, because all of his judgments are righteous.
### Translation Strategies
@ -58,17 +63,16 @@ If people would understand the purpose of a phrase with a noun, then consider ke
### Examples of Translation Strategies Applied
1. Put the information in another part of the sentence and add words that show its purpose.
* **I hate those who serve <u>worthless</u> idols** (Psalm 31:6 ULB) - By saying "worthless idols," David was commenting about all idols and giving his reason for hating those who serve them. He was not distinguishing worthless idols from valuable idols.
* **How can Sarah, <u>who is ninety years old</u>, bear a son?** (Genesis 17:17-18 ULB)
* Can Sarah bear a son <u>even when</u> she is ninety years old?
* **I will call on Yahweh, <u>who is worthy to be praised</u>.** (2 Samuel 22:4 ULB)
* I will call on Yahweh, <u>because</u> he is worthy to be praised.
* **I hate those who serve <u>worthless</u> idols** (Psalm 31:6 ULB)
* <u>Because</u> idols are worthless, I hate those who serve them.
* **Your <u>righteous</u> judgments are good.** (Psalm 119:39 ULB)
* Your judgments are good <u>because</u> they are righteous.
* **How can Sarah, <u>who is ninety years old</u>, bear a son?** (Genesis 17:17-18 ULB) - The phrase "who is ninety years old" is a reminder of Sarah's age. It tells why Abraham was asking the question. He did not expect that a woman who was that old could bear a child.
* Can Sarah bear a son <u>even when</u> she is ninety years old?
* **I will call on Yahweh, <u>who is worthy to be praised</u>.** (2 Samuel 22:4 ULB) - There is only one Yahweh. The phrase "who is worthy to be praised" gives a reason for calling on Yahweh.
* I will call on Yahweh, <u>because</u> he is worthy to be praised.
* Your judgments are good <u>because</u> they are righteous.
1. Use one of your language's ways for expressing that this is additional information.
* **You are my Son, <u>whom I love</u>. I am pleased with you.** (Luke 3:22 ULB)
* You are my Son. <u>I love you</u> and I am pleased with you.
* <u>Receiving my love</u>, you are my Son. I am pleased with you.