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# abomination, abominable #
## Definition: ##
The term "abomination" is used to refer to something that causes disgust or extreme dislike.
* The Egyptians considered the Hebrew people to be an "abomination." This means that the Egyptians disliked the Hebrews and didn't want to associate with them or be near them.
* Some of the things that the Bible calls "an abomination to Yahweh" include: lying, pride, sacrificing humans, worship of idols, murder, and sexual sins such as adultery and homosexual acts.
* In teaching his disciples about the end times, Jesus referred to a prophecy by the prophet Daniel about an "abomination of desolation" that would be set up as a rebellion against God, defiling his place of worship.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "abomination" could also be translated by, "something God hates" or "something disgusting" or "disgusting practice" or "very evil action."
* Depending on the context, ways to translate the phrase, "is an abomination to" could include: "is greatly hated by" or "is disgusting to" or "is totally unacceptable to" or "causes deep disgust."
* The phrase "abomination of desolation" could be translated as, "defiling object that causes people to be greatly harmed" or "disgusting thing that causes great sorrow."
(See also: [adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress](../kt/adultery.md), [Daniel](../other/daniel.md), [desecrate](../other/desecrate.md), [desolate, desolation](../other/desolate.md), [idol, idolatrous](../other/idol.md), [sacrifice, offering](../other/sacrifice.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Ezra 09:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezr/09/01)
* [Genesis 46:33-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/46/33)
* [Isaiah 01:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/01/12)
* [Matthew 24:15-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/24/15)
* [Proverbs 26:24-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/26/24)

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# adoption #
## Definition: ##
The term "adoption" refers to the process of someone legally becoming the child of people who are not his biological parents.
* The Bible uses "adoption" and "adopt" in a figurative way to describe how God causes people to be part of his family, making them his spiritual sons and daughters.
* As adopted children, believers are co-heirs with Jesus Christ, having a right to all the privileges of sons and daughters of God.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated with a term that the language of translation uses to describe this special parent-child relationship. Make sure it is understood that this has a figurative or spiritual meaning.
* The phrase, "experience adoption as sons" could be translated as, "be adopted by God as his children" or "become God's (spiritual) children."
* To "wait for the adoption of sons" could be translated as, "look forward to becoming God's children" or "wait expectantly for God to
* The phrase "adopt them" could be translated as "receive them as his own children" or "make them his own (spiritual) children."
(See: heir, inherit, inheritance, spirit, spiritual other)
## Bible References: ##
* [Ephesians 01:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/01/05)
* [Galatians 04:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/03)
* [Romans 08:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/08/14)
* [Romans 08:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/08/23)
* [Romans 09:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/09/03)

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# adultery, adulterous, adulterer, adulteress #
## Definition: ##
The term "adultery" refers to a sin that involves a married person having sexual relations with someone who is not his spouse. The term "adulterous" describes this kind of behavior or the person who commits this sin.
* The term "adulterer" refers generally to any person who commits adultery.
* Sometimes the term "adulteress" is used to specify that it was a woman who committed adultery.
* Adultery breaks the promises that a husband and wife made to each other in their covenant of marriage.
* God commanded the Israelites to not commit adultery.
* The term "adulterous" is often used in a figurative sense to describe the people of Israel as being unfaithful to God, especially when they worshiped false gods.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* If the target language does not have one word that means "adultery," this term could be translated with a phrase such as, "having sexual relations with someone else's wife" or "being intimate with another person's spouse."
* Some languages may have an indirect way of talking about adultery, such as "sleeping with someone else's spouse" or "being unfaithful to one's wife." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism|euphemism]])
* When "adulterous" is used in a figurative sense, it is best to translate it literally in order to communicate God's view of his disobedient people as being compared to an unfaithful spouse. If this does not communicate accurately in the target language, the figurative use of "adulterous" could be translated as "unfaithful" or "immoral" or "like an unfaithful spouse."
(See also: [commit](../other/commit.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [fornication, sexual immorality](../kt/fornication.md), , [have sex with, have relations with, sleep with, lovemaking](../other/sex.md), [unfaithful](../kt/unfaithful.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Exodus 20:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/20/12)
* [Hosea 04:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/hos/04/01)
* [Luke 16:18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/16/18)
* [Matthew 05:27-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/05/27)
* [Matthew 12:38-40](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/12/38)
* [Revelation 02:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/02/22)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[13-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/13-06)__"Do not commit __adultery__."
* __[28-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/28-02)__ Do not commit __adultery__.
* __[34-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/34-07)__"The religious leader prayed like this, 'Thank you, God, that I am not a sinner like other men—such as robbers, unjust men, __adulterers__, or even like that tax collector.'"

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# afflict, affliction #
## Definition: ##
The term "afflict" means to cause someone distress or suffering. An "affliction" is the disease, emotional grief, or other disaster that results from this.
* God afflicted his people with sickness or other hardships in order to cause them to repent of their sins and turn back to him.
* God caused afflictions or plagues to come on the people of Egypt because their king refused to obey God.
* To "be afflicted with" means to be suffering some kind of distress, such as a disease, persecution, or emotional grief.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* To afflict someone could be translated as "cause someone to experience troubles" or "cause someone to suffer" or "cause suffering to come."
* In certain contexts "afflict" could be translated as "happen to" or "come to" or "bring suffering."
* A phrase like, "afflict someone with leprosy" could be translated as, "cause someone to be sick with leprosy."
* When a disease or disaster is sent to "afflict" people or animals, this could be translated as "cause suffering to."
* Depending on the context, the term "affliction" could be translated as "calamity" or "sickness" or "suffering" or "great distress." physical
* The phrase "afflicted with" could also be translated as, "suffering from" or "sick with."
(See: [leprosy](../other/leprosy.md), [plague](../other/plague.md), [suffer](../kt/suffer.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Thessalonians 01:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2th/01/06)
* [Amos 05:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/amo/05/12)
* [Colossians 01:24-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/24)
* [Exodus 22:22-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/22/22)
* [Genesis 12:17-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/12/17)
* [Genesis 15:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/15/12)
* [Genesis 29:31-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/29/31)

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# Almighty #
## Facts: ##
The term "Almighty" literally means "all-powerful"; in the Bible, it always refers to God.
* The titles "the Almighty" or "the Almighty One" refer to God and reveal that he has complete power and authority over everything.
* This term is also used to describe God in the titles, "Almighty God" or "God Almighty" or "Lord Almighty" or "Lord God Almighty."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could also be translated as "All-powerful" or "Completely Powerful One" or "God, who is completely powerful."
* Ways to translate the phrase "Lord God Almighty" could include, "God, the Powerful Ruler" or "Powerful Sovereign God" or "Mighty God who is Master over everything."
(Translation suggestions: [How to Translate Names](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_names.md))
(See also: [god](../kt/god.md), [lord](../kt/lord.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Exodus 06:2-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/06/02)
* [Genesis 17:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/01)
* [Genesis 35:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/35/11)
* [Job 08:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/08/01)
* [Numbers 24:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/24/15)
* [Revelation 01:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/01/07)
* [Ruth 01:19-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rut/01/19)

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# amen, truly #
## Definition: ##
The term "amen" is a word used to emphasize or call attention to what a person has said. It is often used at the end of a prayer. Sometimes it is translated as "truly."
* When used at the end of a prayer, "amen" communicates agreement with the prayer or expresses a desire that the prayer be fulfilled.
* In his teaching, Jesus used "amen" to emphasize the truth of what he said. He often followed that by "and I say to you" to introduce another teaching that related to the previous teaching.
* When Jesus uses "amen" this way, some English versions (and the ULB) translate this as "verily" or "truly."
* Another word meaning "truly" is sometimes translated as "surely" or "certainly" and is also used to emphasize what the speaker is saying.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Consider whether the target language has a special word or phrase that is used to emphasize something that has been said.
* When used at the end of a prayer or to confirm something, "amen" could be translated as, "let it be so" or "may this happen" or "that is true."
* When Jesus says, "truly I tell you," this could also be translated as, "Yes, I tell you sincerely" or "That is true, and I also tell you."
* The phrase, "truly, truly I tell you" could be translated as "I tell you this very sincerely" or "I tell you this very earnestly" or "what I am telling you is true."
*
(See: [fulfill](../kt/fulfill.md), [true](../kt/true.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Deuteronomy 27:15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/deu/27/15)
* [John 05:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/05/19)
* [Jude 01:24-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jud/01/24)
* [Matthew 26:33-35](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/26/33)
* [Philemon 01:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/phm/01/23)
* [Revelation 22:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/22/20)

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# angel, archangel #
## Definition: ##
An angel is a powerful spirit being whom God created. Angels exist to serve God by doing whatever he tells them to do. The term "archangel" refers to the angel who rules or leads all the other angels.
* The word "angel" literally means "messenger."
* The term "archangel" literally means "chief messenger." The only angel referred to in the Bible as an "archangel" is Michael.
* In the Bible, angels gave messages to people from God. These messages included instructions about what God wanted the people to do.
* Angels also told people about events that were going to happen in the future or events that had already happened.
* Angels have God's authority as his representatives and sometimes in the Bible they spoke as if God himself was speaking.
* Other ways that angels serve God is by protecting and strengthening people.
* A special phrase, "angel of Yahweh" has more than one possible meaning: 1) It may mean "angel who represents Yahweh" or "messenger who serves Yahweh." 2) It may refer to Yahweh himself, who looked like an angel as he talked to a person. Either one of these meanings would explain the angel's use of "I" as if Yahweh himself was talking.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate "angel" could include, "messenger from God" or "God's heavenly servant" or "God's spirit messenger."
* The term "archangel" could be translated as "chief angel" or "head ruling angel" or "leader of the angels."
* Also consider how these terms are translated in a national language or another local language.
* The phrase "angel of Yahweh" should be translated using the words for "angel" and "Yahweh." This will allow for different interpretations of that phrase. Possible translations could include, "angel from Yahweh" or "angel sent by Yahweh" or "Yahweh who looked like an angel."
(See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [chief](../other/chief.md), [head](../other/head.md), [messenger](../other/messenger.md), [Michael](../other/michael.md), [ruler, rulers, rule](../other/ruler.md), [servant, slave, slavery](../other/servant.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Samuel 24:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2sa/24/15)
* [Acts 10:3-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/10/03)
* [Acts 12:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/12/22)
* [Colossians 02:18-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/02/18)
* [Genesis 48:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/48/14)
* [Luke 02:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/02/13)
* [Mark 08:38](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/08/38)
* [Matthew 13:49-50](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/13/49)
* [Revelation 01:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/01/19)
* [Zechariah 01:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/zec/01/07)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[02-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/02-12)__ God placed large, powerful __angels__ at the entrance to the garden to keep anyone from eating the fruit of the tree of life.
* __[22-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/22-03)__ The __angel__ responded to Zechariah,"I was sent by God to bring you this good news."
* __[23-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/23-06)__ Suddenly, a shining __angel__ appeared to them (the shepherds), and they were terrified. The __angel__ said, "Do not be afraid, because I have some good news for you."
* __[23-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/23-07)__ Suddenly, the skies were filled with __angels__ praising God…
* __[25-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/25-08)__ Then __angels__ came and took care of Jesus.
* __[38-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-12)__ Jesus was very troubled and his sweat was like drops of blood. God sent an __angel__ to strengthen him.
* __[38-15](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-15)__ "I could ask the Father for an army of __angels__ to defend me."

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# anoint, anointed #
## Definition: ##
The term "anoint" means to rub or pour oil on a person or object. Sometimes the oil was mixed with spices, giving it a sweet, perfumed smell. The term is also used figuratively to refer to the Holy Spirit choosing and empowering someone.
* In the Old Testament, priests, kings, and prophets were anointed with oil to set them apart for special service to God.
* Objects such as altars or the tabernacle, were also anointed with oil to show that they were to be used to worship and glorify God.
* In the New Testament, sick people were anointed with oil for their healing.
* The New Testament records two times that Jesus was anointed with perfumed oil by a woman, as an act of worship. One time Jesus commented that in doing this she was preparing him for his future burial.
* After Jesus died, his friends prepared his body for burial by anointing it with oils and spices.
* The titles "Messiah" (Hebrew) and "Christ" (Greek) mean "the Anointed (One)."
* Jesus the Messiah is the one who was chosen and anointed as a Prophet, High Priest, and King.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, the term "anoint" could be translated as "pour oil on" or "put oil on" or "consecrate by pouring perfumed oil on."
* To "be anointed" could be translated as "be consecrated with oil." or "be appointed" or "be consecrated."
* In some contexts the term "anoint" could be translated as "appoint."
* A phrase like "the anointed priest," could be translated as "the priest who was consecrated with oil" or "the priest who was set apart by the pouring on of oil."
(See also: [Christ, Messiah](../kt/christ.md), [consecrate](../kt/consecrate.md), [high priest](../kt/highpriest.md), [King of the Jews](../kt/kingofthejews.md), [priest, priesthood](../kt/priest.md), [prophet, prophecy, prophesy, seer, prophetess](../kt/prophet.md) )
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 02:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/20)
* [1 John 02:27-29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/27)
* [1 Samuel 16:2-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/16/02)
* [Acts 04:27-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/04/27)
* [Amos 06:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/amo/06/05)
* [Exodus 29:5-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/29/05)
* [James 05:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/05/13)

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# antichrist #
## Definition: ##
The term "antichrist" refers to a person or teaching that is against Jesus Christ and his work. There are many antichrists in the world.
* The apostle John wrote that a person is the antichrist if he deceives people by saying that Jesus is not the Messiah or if he denies that Jesus is both God and human.
* The Bible also teaches that there is a general spirit of antichrist in the world which opposes Jesus' work.
* The New Testament book of Revelation explains that there will be a man called "the antichrist" who will be revealed in the end times. This man will attempt to destroy God's people, but he will be defeated by Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate this term could include a word or phrase that means, "Christ-opposer" or "enemy of Christ" or "person who is against Christ."
* The phrase, "spirit of the antichrist" could also be translated as, "spirit that is against Christ" or "(someone) teaching lies about Christ" or "attitude of believing lies about Christ" or "spirit that teaches lies about Christ."
* Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [Christ, Messiah](../kt/christ.md), [reveal, revelation](../kt/reveal.md), [tribulation](../other/tribulation.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 02:18-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/18)
* [1 John 04:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/04/01)
* [2 John 01:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2jn/01/07)

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# apostle, apostleship #
## Definition: ##
The "apostles" were men sent by Jesus to preach about God and his kingdom. The term "apostleship" refers to the position and authority of those who were chosen as apostles.
* The word "apostle" means, "someone who is sent out for a special purpose." The apostle has the same authority as the one who sent him.
* Jesus' twelve closest disciples became the first apostles. Other men, such as Paul and James, also became apostles.
* By God's power, the apostles were able to boldly preach the gospel and heal people, including forcing demons to come out of people.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The word "apostle" can also be translated with a word or phrase that means, "someone who is sent out" or "sent out one" or "person who is called to go out and preach God's message to people."
* It is important to translate the terms "apostle" and "disciple" in different ways from each other.
* Also consider how this term was translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [disciple](../kt/disciple.md), [jamessonofzebedee](../other/jamessonofzebedee.md), [paul](../other/paul.md), [thetwelve](../kt/thetwelve.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Jude 01:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jud/01/17)
* [Luke 09:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/09/12)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[26-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/26-10)__ Then Jesus chose twelve men who were called his __apostles__. The __apostles__ traveled with Jesus and learned from him.
* __[30-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/30-01)__ Jesus sent his __apostles__ to preach and to teach people in many different villages.
* __[38-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-02)__ Judas was one of Jesus' __apostles__. He was in charge of the __apostles'__ money bag, but he loved money and often stole from the bag.
* __[43-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-13)__ The disciples devoted themselves to the __apostles'__ teaching, fellowship, eating together, and prayer.
* __[46-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-08)__ Then a believer named Barnabas took Saul to the __apostles__ and told them how Saul had preached boldly in Damascus.
~~NOCACHE~~

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# appoint, appointed #
## Definition: ##
The terms "appoint" and "appointed" refer to choosing someone to fulfill a specific task or role.
* To "be appointed" can also refer to being "chosen" to receive something, as in,"appointed to eternal life." This means they were chosen to receive eternal life.
* The phrase "appointed time" refers to God's "chosen time" or "planned time" for something to happen.
* The word "appoint" may also mean to "command" or "assign" someone to do something.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, ways to translate "appoint" could include, "choose" or "assign" or "formally choose" or "designate."
* The term "appointed" could be translated as, "assigned" or "planned" or "specifically chose."
* The phrase "be appointed" could also be translated as, "be chosen."
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 08:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/08/10)
* [Acts 03:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/03/19)
* [Acts 06:2-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/06/02)
* [Acts 13:48-49](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/13/48)
* [Genesis 41:33-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/41/33)
* [Numbers 03:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/03/09)

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# assembly, assemble #
## Definition: ##
The term "assembly" usually refers to a group of people who come together to discuss problems, give advice, and make decisions.
* An assembly can be a group that is organized in an official and somewhat permanent way, or it can be a group of people who come together temporarily for a specific purpose or occasion.
* In the Old Testament there was a special kind of assembly called a "sacred assembly" where the people of Israel would gather to worship Yahweh.
* Sometimes the term "assembly" referred to the Israelites in general, as a group.
* A large gathering of enemy soldiers is sometimes also referred to as an "assembly." This could be translated as "army."
* In the New Testament, an assembly of 70 Jewish leaders in major cities such as Jerusalem would meet to judge legal matters and to settle disputes between people. This assembly was known as the "Sanhedrin" or the "Council."
## Translation Suggestions ##
* Depending on the context, "assembly" could also be translated as "special gathering" or "congregation" or "council" or "army" or "large group."
* When the term "assembly" refers generally to the Israelites as a whole, it could also be translated as "community" or "people of Israel."
* The phrase, "all the assembly" could be translated as "all the people" or "the whole group of Israelites" or "everyone." (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_hyperbole]])
(See also: [council](../other/council.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 08:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/08/14)
* [Acts 07:38-40](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/07/38)
* [Ezra 10:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezr/10/12)
* [Hebrews 12:22-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/heb/12/22)
* [Leviticus 04:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/04/20)
* [Nehemiah 08:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/neh/08/01)

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# astray, go astray, led astray, stray #
## Definition: ##
The terms "stray" and "go astray" mean to disobey God's will. People who are "led astray" have allowed other people or circumstances to influence them to disobey God.
* The word "astray" gives a picture of leaving a clear path or a place of safety to go down a wrong and dangerous path.
* Sheep who leave the pasture of their shepherd have "strayed." God compares sinful people to sheep who have left him and "gone astray."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The phrase "go astray" could be translated as, "go away from God" or "take a wrong path away from God's will" or "stop obeying God" or "live in a way that goes away from God."
* To "lead someone astray" could be translated as, "cause someone to disobey God" or "influence someone to stop obeying God" or "cause someone to follow you down a wrong path."
(See: [disobey](../other/disobey.md), [shepherd](../other/shepherd.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 03:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/03/07)
* [2 Timothy 03:10-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ti/03/10)
* [Exodus 23:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/23/04)
* [Ezekiel 48:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/48/10)
* [Matthew 18:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/18/12)
* [Matthew 24:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/24/03)
* [Psalms 058:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/058/003)
* [Psalms 119:109-110](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/119/109)

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# atonement, atone #
## Definition: ##
The terms "atone" and "atonement" refer to how God provided a sacrifice to pay for people's sins and to appease his wrath for sin.
* In Old Testament times, God allowed temporary atonement to be made for the sins of the Israelites by the offering of a blood sacrifice, which involved killing an animal.
* As recorded in the New Testament, Christ's death on the cross is the only true and permanent atonement for sin.
* When Jesus died, he took the punishment that people deserved because of their sin. He paid the atonement price with his sacrificial death.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "atone" could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "pay for" or "provide payment for" or "cause someone's sins to be forgiven" or "make amends for a crime."
* Ways to translate "atonement" could include, "payment" or "sacrifice to pay for sin" or "providing the means of forgiveness."
* Make sure the translation of this term does not refer to payment of money.
(See also: [atonementlid](../kt/atonementlid.md), [forgive](../kt/forgive.md), [propitiation](../kt/propitiation.md), [reconcile](../kt/reconcile.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Ezekiel 43:25-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/43/25)
* [Ezekiel 45:18-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/45/18)
* [Leviticus 04:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/04/20)
* [Numbers 05:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/05/08)
* [Numbers 28:19-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/28/19)

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# atonement lid #
## Definition: ##
The "atonement lid" was a slab of gold that was used to cover the top of the ark of the covenant. In many English translations, it is also referred to as an "atonement cover."
* The atonement lid was about 115 centimeters in length and 70 centimeters in width.
* Above the atonement lid were two gold cherubim with their wings touching.
* Yahweh said that he would meet with the Israelites above the atonement lid, under the outstretched wings of the cherubim. Only the high priest was permitted to do this, as the representative of the people.
* Sometimes this atonement lid has been referred to as a "mercy seat" because it communicates God's mercy in coming down to redeem sinful human beings.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate this term could include, "ark covering where God promises to redeem" or "place where God atones" or "lid of ark where God forgives and restores."
* Can also mean "place of propitiation."
* Compare this term with how you translated "atonement," "propitiation," and "redemption."
(See also: [arkofthecovenant](../other/arkofthecovenant.md), [atonement](../kt/atonement.md), [cherubim](../other/cherubim.md), [propitiation](../kt/propitiation.md), [redeem](../kt/redeem.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Exodus 25:15-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/25/15)
* [Exodus 30:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/30/05)
* [Exodus 40:17-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/40/17)
* [Leviticus 16:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/16/01)
* [Numbers 07:89](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/07/89)

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# authority #
## Definition: ##
The term "authority" refers to the power of influence and control that someone has over someone else.
* Kings and other governing rulers have authority over the people they are ruling.
* The word "authorities" refers to people, governments, or organizations that have authority over others.
* Masters have authority over their servants or slaves. Parents have authority over their children.
* Governments have the authority or right to make laws that govern their citizens.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "authority" can also be translated as "control" or "right" or "qualifications."
* Sometimes "authority" is used with the meaning of "power."
* When "authorities" is used to refer to people or organizations who rule people, it could also be translated as "leaders" or "rulers" or "powers."
* The phrase "by his own authority" could also be translated as, "with his own right to lead" or "based on his own qualifications."
* The expression, "under authority" could be translated as, "responsible to obey" or "having to obey others' commands."
(See also: [citizen](../other/citizen.md), [command](../other/command.md), [obey](../other/obey.md), [power](../kt/power.md), [ruler](../other/ruler.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Colossians 02:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/02/10)
* [Esther 09:29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/est/09/29)
* [Genesis 41:35-36](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/41/35)
* [Jonah 03:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jon/03/06)
* [Luke 12:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/12/04)
* [Luke 20:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/20/01)
* [Mark 01:21-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/01/21)
* [Matthew 08:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/08/08)
* [Matthew 28:18-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/28/18)
* [Titus 03:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/tit/03/01)
~~NOCACHE~~

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# avenge, revenge, vengeance #
## Definition: ##
To "avenge" or "take revenge" or "execute vengeance" is to punish someone in order to pay him back for the harm he did. The act of avenging or taking revenge is "vengeance."
* Usually "avenge" implies an intent to see justice done or to right a wrong,
* When referring to people, the expression "take revenge" or "get revenge" usually involves wanting to get back at the person who did the harm.
* When God "takes vengeance" or "executes vengeance," he is acting in righteousness because he is punishing sin and rebellion.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The expression, "to avenge" someone could also be translated as "to right a wrong" or "to get justice for."
* When referring to human beings, to "take revenge" could be translated as "pay back" or "hurt in order to punish" or "get back at."
* Depending on the context, "vengeance" could be translated as "punishment" or "punishment of sin" or "payment for wrongs done." If a word meaning "retaliation" is used, this would apply to human beings only.
* When God says, "take my vengeance," this could be translated by, "punish them for wrongs done against me" or "cause bad things to happen because they have sinned against me."
* When referring to God's vengeance, make sure it is clear that God is right in his punishment of sin.
(See also: [punish](../other/punish.md), [justice](../kt/justice.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 24:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/24/12)
* [Ezekiel 25:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/25/15)
* [Isaiah 47:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/47/03)
* [Leviticus 19:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/19/17)
* [Psalms 018:46-47](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/018/046)
* [Romans 12:19-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/12/19)

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# baptize, baptism #
## Definition: ##
In the New Testament, the terms "baptize" and "baptism" usually refer to ritually bathing a Christian with water to show that he has been cleansed from sin and has been united with Christ.
* Besides water baptism, the Bible talks about being "baptized with the Holy Spirit" and "baptized with fire."
* The term "baptism" is also used in the Bible to refer to going through great suffering.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Christians have different views about how a person should be baptized with water. It is probably best to translate this term in a general way that allows for different ways of applying the water.
* Depending on the context, the term "baptize" could be translated as "purify," "pour out on," "plunge (or dip) into," "wash," or "spiritually cleanse." For example, "baptize you with water" could be translated as, "plunge you into water."
* The term "baptism" could be translated as, "purification," "a pouring out," "a dipping," "a cleansing," or "a spiritual washing."
* When it refers to suffering, "baptism" could also be translated as "a time of terrible suffering" or "a cleansing through severe suffering."
* Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language.
(See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [John (the Baptist)](../other/johnthebaptist.md), [repent, repentance](../kt/repent.md), [Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 02:37-39](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/37)
* [Acts 08:36-38](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/08/36)
* [Acts 09:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/09/17)
* [Acts 10:46-48](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/10/46)
* [Luke 03:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/03/15)
* [Matthew 03:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/03/13)
* [Matthew 28:18-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/28/18)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[24-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/24-03)__ When people heard John's message, many of them repented from their sins, and John __baptized__ them. Many religious leaders also came to be __baptized__ by John, but they did not repent or confess their sins.
* __[24-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/24-06)__ The next day, Jesus came to be __baptized__ by John.
* __[24-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/24-07)__ John said to Jesus, "I am not worthy to __baptize__ you. You should __baptize__ me instead."
* __[42-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/42-10)__ So go, make disciples of all people groups by __baptizing__ them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit and by teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you."
* __[43-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-11)__ Peter answered them, "Every one of you should repent and be __baptized__ in the name of Jesus Christ so that God will forgive your sins."
* __[43-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-12)__ About 3,000 people believed what Peter said and became disciples of Jesus. They were __baptized__ and became part of the church at Jerusalem.
* __[45-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/45-11)__ As Philip and the Ethiopian traveled, they came to some water. The Ethiopian said, "Look! There is some water! May I be __baptized__?"
* __[46-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-05)__ Saul immediately was able to see again, and Ananias __baptized__ him.
* __[49-14](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-14)__ Jesus invites you to believe in him and be __baptized__.

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# barren #
## Definition: ##
To be "barren" means to not be fertile or fruitful.
* Soil or land that is barren is not able to produce any plants.
* A woman who is barren is one who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* When "barren" is used to refer to land, it could be translated as "not fertile" or "unfruitful" or "without plants."
* When it is referring to a barren woman, it could be translated as "childless" or "not able to bear children" or "unable to conceive a child."
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 02:5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/02/05)
* [Galatians 04:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/26)
* [Genesis 11:29-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/11/29)
* [Job 03:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/03/06)

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# bear #
## Definition: ##
A bear is a large, four-legged furry animal with dark brown or black hair, with sharp teeth and claws. Bears were common in Israel during Bible times.
* These animals live in forests and mountain areas; they eat fish, insects, and plants.
* In the Old Testament, the bear is used as a symbol of strength.
* While tending sheep, the shepherd David fought a bear and defeated it.
* Two bears came out of the forest and attacked a group of youths who had mocked the prophet Elisha.
(See also: [david](../other/david.md), [elisha](../other/elisha.md))
## Bible References: ##

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# believe, believe in, belief #
## Definition: ##
The terms "believe" and "believe in" are closely related, but have slightly different meanings:
#### 1. believe ####
* To believe something is to accept or trust that it is true.
* To believe someone is to acknowledge that what that person has said is true.
#### 2. believe in ####
* To "believe in" someone means to "trust in" that person. It means to trust that the person is who he says he is, that he always speaks the truth, and that he will do what he has promised to do.
* When a person truly believes in something, he will act in such a way that shows that belief.
* The phrase "have faith in" usually has the same meaning as "believe in."
* To "believe in Jesus" means to believe that he is the Son of God, that he is God himself who also became human and who died as a sacrifice to pay for our sins. It means to trust him as Savior and live in a way that honors him.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* To "believe" could be translated as to "know to be true" or "know to be right."
* To "believe in" could be translated as, "trust completely" or "trust and obey" or "completely rely on and follow."
(See also: [faith](../kt/faith.md), [believer](../kt/believer.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 03:23-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/03/23)
* [Acts 09:40-43](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/09/40)
* [Acts 28:23-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/28/23)
* [Genesis 15:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/15/06)
* [Genesis 45:24-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/45/24)
* [Habakkuk 01:5-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/hab/01/05)
* [Job 09:16-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/09/16)
* [John 01:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/01/12)
* [Mark 01:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/01/14)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[03-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/03-04)__ Noah warned the people about the coming flood and told them to turn to God, but they did not __believe__ him.
* __[04-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/04-08)__ Abram __believed__ God's promise. God declared that Abram was righteous because he __believed__ God's promise.
* __[11-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/11-02)__ God provided a way to save the firstborn of anyone who __believed in__ him.
* __[11-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/11-06)__ But the Egyptians did not __believe__ God or obey his commands.
* __[37-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/37-05)__ Jesus replied, "I am the Resurrection and the Life. Whoever __believes in__ me will live, even though he dies. Everyone who __believes in__ me will never die. Do you __believe__ this?"

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# believer #
## Definition: ##
In the Bible, the term "believer" refers to someone who believes in and relies on Jesus Christ as Savior.
* The term "believer" literally means "person who believes."
* The term "Christian" eventually came to be the main title for believers because it indicates that they believe in Christ and obey his teachings.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Some translations may prefer to say, "believer in Jesus" or "believer in Christ."
* This term could also be translated by a word or phrase that means, "person who trusts in Jesus" or "someone who knows Jesus and lives for him."
* Other ways to translate "believer" could be, "follower of Jesus" or "person who knows and obeys Jesus."
* The term "believer" is a general term for any believer in Christ, while "disciple" and "apostle" were used more specifically for people who knew Jesus while he was alive. It is best to translate these terms in different ways, in order to keep them distinct.
(See also: [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [believe, believe in](../kt/believe.md), [Christian](../kt/christian.md), [disciple](../kt/disciple.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 09:3-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/09/03)
* [Acts 06:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/06/05)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[43-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-01)__ After Jesus returned to heaven, the disciples stayed in Jerusalem as Jesus had commanded them to do. The __believers__ there constantly gathered together to pray.
* __[43-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-03)__ While the __believers__ were all together, suddenly the house where they were was filled with a sound like a strong wind. Then something that looked like flames of fire appeared over the heads of all the __believers__.
* __[43-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-13)__ Every day, more people became __believers__.
* __[46-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-06)__ That day many people in Jerusalem started persecuting the followers of Jesus, so the __believers__ fled to other places. But in spite of this, they preached about Jesus everywhere they went.
* __[46-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-01)__ Saul was the young man who guarded the robes of the men who killed Stephen. He did not believe in Jesus, so he persecuted the __believers__.
* __[46-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-09)__ Some __believers__ who fled from the persecution in Jerusalem went far away to the city of Antioch and preached about Jesus…It was at Antioch that __believers__ in Jesus were first called "Christians."
* __[47-14](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/47-14)__ They also wrote many letters to encourage and teach the __believers__ in the churches.

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# beloved #
## Definition: ##
The term "beloved" is an expression of affection that describes someone who is loved and dear to someone else.
* The term "beloved" literally means "loved (one)" or "(who is) loved."
* God refers to Jesus as his "beloved Son."
* In their letters to Christian churches, the apostles frequently address their fellow believers as "beloved."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could also be translated as "loved" or "loved one" or "well-loved" or "very dear."
* In the context of talking about a close friend, this could be translated as "my dear friend" or "my close friend." In English it is natural to say, "my dear friend, Paul" or "Paul, who is my dear friend." Other languages may find it more natural to order this in a different way.
* Note that the word "beloved" comes from the word for God's love, which is unconditional, unselfish, and sacrificial.
(See also: [love](../kt/love.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 04:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/04/14)
* [1 John 03:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/03/01)
* [1 John 04:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/04/07)
* [Mark 01:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/01/09)
* [Mark 12:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/12/06)
* [Revelation 20:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/20/09)
* [Romans 16:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/16/06)
* [Song of Solomon 01:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/sng/01/12)

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# betray, betrayer #
## Definition: ##
The term "betray" means to act in a way that deceives and harms someone. A "betrayer" is a person who betrays a friend who was trusting him.
* Judas was "the betrayer" because he told the Jewish leaders how to capture Jesus.
* The betrayal by Judas was especially evil because he was an apostle of Jesus who received money in exchange for giving the Jewish leaders information that would result in Jesus' unjust death.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, the term "betray" could be translated as "deceive and cause harm to" or "turn over to the enemy" or "treat treacherously."
* The term "betrayer" could be translated as "person who betrays" or "double dealer" or "traitor."
(See also: [Judas Iscariot](../other/judasiscariot.md), [Jewish leaders, religious leaders](../other/jewishleaders.md), [apostle, the twelve, the eleven](../kt/apostle.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 07:51-53](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/07/51)
* [John 06:64-65](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/06/64)
* [John 13:21-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/13/21)
* [Matthew 10:2-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/10/02)
* [Matthew 26:20-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/26/20)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[21-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-11)__ Other prophets foretold that those who killed the Messiah would gamble for his clothes and he would be __betrayed__ by a friend. The prophet Zechariah foretold that the friend would be paid thirty silver coins as payment for __betraying__ the Messiah.
* __[38-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-02)__ After Jesus and the disciples arrived in Jerusalem, Judas went to the Jewish leaders and offered to __betray__ Jesus to them in exchange for money.
* __[38-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-03)__ The Jewish leaders, led by the high priest, paid Judas thirty silver coins to __betray__ Jesus.
* __[38-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-06)__ Then Jesus said to the disciples, "One of you will __betray__ me." … Jesus said, "The person to whom I give this piece of bread is the __betrayer__."
* __[38-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-13)__ When he returned the third time, Jesus said, "Wake up! My __betrayer__ is here."
* __[38-14](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-14)__ Then Jesus said, "Judas, do you __betray__ me with a kiss?"
* __[39-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/39-08)__ Meanwhile, Judas, the __betrayer__, saw that the Jewish leaders had condemned Jesus to die. He became full of sorrow and went away and killed himself.

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# birthright #
## Definition: ##
The term "birthright" in the Bible refers to the honor, family name, and physical wealth that was normally given to the firstborn son in a family.
* The birthright of the firstborn son included a double portion of the father's inheritance.
* A king's firstborn son was normally given the birthright to rule after his father died.
* Esau sold his birthright to his younger brother Jacob. Because of this, Jacob inherited the blessing of the firstborn instead of Esau.
* The birthright also included the honor of having the family descendants traced through the firstborn son's line.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Possible ways to translate "birthright" could include, "rights and wealth of the firstborn son" or "family honor" or "privilege and inheritance of the firstborn."
(See also: [firstborn](../kt/firstborn.md), [inherit](../kt/inherit.md), [descendant](../other/descendant.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Chronicles 05:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ch/05/01)
* [Genesis 25:31-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/25/31)
* [Genesis 43:32-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/43/32)
* [Hebrews 12:14-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/heb/12/14)

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# blameless #
## Definition: ##
The term "blameless" literally means "without blame." It is used to refer to a person who obeys God wholeheartedly, but it does not mean that the person is sinless.
* Abraham and Noah were considered blameless before God.
* A person who has a reputation for being "blameless" behaves in a way that honors God.
* According to one verse, a person who is blameless is "one who fears God and turns away from evil."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This could also be translated as, "with no fault to his character" or "completely obedient to God" or "avoiding sin" or "keeping away from evil."
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Thessalonians 02:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/02/10)
* [1 Thessalonians 03:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/03/11)
* [2 Peter 03:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2pe/03/14)
* [Colossians 01:21-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/21)
* [Genesis 17:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/01)
* [Philippians 02:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/02/14)
* [Philippians 03:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/03/06)

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# blasphemy, blaspheme, blasphemous #
## Definition: ##
In the Bible, the term "blasphemy" refers to speaking in a way that shows a deep disrespect for God or people. To "blaspheme" someone is to speak against that person so that others think something false or bad about him.
* Most often, to blaspheme God means to slander or insult him by saying things that are not true about him or by behaving in an immoral way that dishonors him.
* It is blasphemy for a human being to claim to be God or to claim that there is a God other than the one true God.
* Some English versions translate this term as "slander" when it refers to blaspheming people.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* To "blaspheme" can be translated as, to "say evil things against" or to "dishonor God" or to "slander."
* Ways to translate "blasphemy" could include, "speaking wrongly about others" or "slander" or "spreading false rumors."
(See also: [dishonor](../other/dishonor.md), [slander](../other/slander.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Timothy 01:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ti/01/12)
* [Acts 06:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/06/10)
* [Acts 26:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/26/09)
* [James 02:5-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/02/05)
* [John 10:32-33](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/10/32)
* [Luke 12:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/12/08)
* [Mark 14:63-65](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/14/63)
* [Matthew 12:31-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/12/31)
* [Matthew 26:65-66](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/26/65)
* [Psalms 074:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/074/009)

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# bless, blessed, blessing #
## Definition: ##
To "bless" someone or something means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed.
* Blessing someone also means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person.
* In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.
* When people 'bless" God or express a desire that God be blessed, this means they are praising him.
* The term "bless" is sometimes used for consecrating food before it is eaten, or for thanking and praising God for the food.
//from comment below:
It is important to not define, focus on, or be confined by applications of the root word of "bless" that suggest primarily the flourishing or abundance of material things or physical wellness. Consider the extensive teachings in Scripture on God's love, mercy and grace that is not only ancient, but current. Consider care, protection, and presence of God's Spirit. And for us to bless God, we can offer thankfulness, appreciation, and understanding as we learn of and follow (obey) him.//
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* To "bless" could also be translated as, "to provide abundantly for" or "to be very kind and favorable toward."
* "God has brought great blessing to" could be translated as, "God has given many good things to" or "God has provided abundantly for" or "God has caused many good things to happen to".
* "He is blessed" could be translated as "he will greatly benefit" or "he will experience good things" or "God will cause him to flourish."
* "Blessed is the person who" could be translated as "How good it is for the person who."
* Expressions like, "blessed be the Lord" could be translated as, "May the Lord be praised" or "Praise the Lord" or "I praise the Lord."
* In the context of blessing food, this could be translated as, "thanked God for the food" or "praised God for giving them food" or "consecrated the food by praising God for it."
(See also: [praise](../other/praise.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 10:14-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/10/14)
* [Acts 13:32-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/13/32)
* [Ephesians 01:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/01/03)
* [Genesis 14:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/14/19)
* [Isaiah 44:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/44/03)
* [James 01:22-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/01/22)
* [Luke 06:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/06/20)
* [Matthew 26:26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/26/26)
* [Nehemiah 09:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/neh/09/05)
* [Romans 04:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/04/09)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[01-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/01-07)__ God saw that it was good and he __blessed__ them.
* __[01-15](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/01-15)__ God made Adam and Eve in his own image. He __blessed__ them and told them, "Have many children and grandchildren and fill the earth."
* __[01-16](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/01-16)__ So God rested from all he had been doing. He __blessed__ the seventh day and made it holy, because on this day he rested from his work.
* __[04-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/04-04)__"I will make your name great. I will __bless__ those who __bless__ you and curse those who curse you. All families on earth will be __blessed__ because of you."
* __[04-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/04-07)__ Melchizedek __blessed__ Abram and said, "May God Most High who owns heaven and earth __bless__ Abram."
* __[07-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/07-03)__ Isaac wanted to give his __blessing__ to Esau.
* __[08-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/08-05)__ Even in prison, Joseph remained faithful to God, and God __blessed__ him.

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# blood #
## Definition: ##
The term "blood" refers to the red liquid that comes out of a person's skin when there is an injury or wound. Blood brings life-giving nutrients to a person's entire body.
* Blood symbolizes life and when it is shed or poured out, it symbolizes the loss of life, or death.
* When people made sacrifices to God, they killed an animal and poured its blood on the altar. This symbolized the sacrifice of the animal's life to pay for people's sins.
* Through his death on the cross, Jesus' blood symbolically cleanses people from their sins and pays for the punishment they deserve for those sins.
* The expression "flesh and blood" refers to human beings.
* The expression "own flesh and blood" refers to people who are biologically related.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term should be translated with the term that is used for blood in the target language
* The expression "flesh and blood" could be translated as "people" or "human beings."
* Depending on the context, the expression "my own flesh and blood" could be translated as "my own family" or "my own relatives" or "my own people."
* If there is an expression in the target language that is used with this meaning, that expression could be used to translate "flesh and blood."
(See: [flesh](../kt/flesh.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 01:5-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/01/05)
* [1 Samuel 14:31-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/14/31)
* [Acts 02:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/20)
* [Acts 05:26-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/05/26)
* [Colossians 01:18-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/18)
* [Galatians 01:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/01/15)
* [Genesis 04:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/04/10)
* [Psalms 016:4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/016/004)
* [Psalms 105:28-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/105/028)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[08-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/08-03)__ Before Joseph's brothers returned home, they tore Joseph's robe and dipped it in goat's __blood__.
* __[10-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/10-03)__ God turned the Nile River into __blood__, but Pharaoh still would not let the Israelites go.
* __[11-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/11-05)__ All the houses of the Israelites had __blood__ around the doors, so God passed over those houses and everyone inside was safe. They were saved because of the lamb's __blood__.
* __[13-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/13-09)__ The __blood__ of the animal that was sacrificed covered the person's sin and made that person clean in God's sight.
* __[38-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, "Drink this. It is my __blood__ of the New Covenant that is poured out for the forgiveness of sins.
* __[48-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/48-10)__ When anyone believes in Jesus, the __blood__ of Jesus takes away that person's sin, and God's punishment passes over him.
~~NOCACHE~~

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# blot out, wipe out #
## Definition: ##
The terms "blot out" and "wipe out" are expressions that mean to completely remove or destroy something or someone.
* These expressions can be used in a positive sense, as when God "blots out" sins by forgiving them and choosing not to remember them.
* It is also often used in a negative sense, as when God "blots out" or "wipes out" a people group, destroying them because of their sin.
* The Bible talks about a person's name being "blotted out" or "wiped out" of God's book of life, which means that the person will not receive eternal life.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, these expressions could be translated as "get rid of" or "remove" or "completely destroy" or "completely remove."
* When referring to blotting someone's name out of the Book of Life, this could be translated as, "removed from" or "erased."
## Bible References: ##
* [Deuteronomy 29:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/deu/29/20)
* [Exodus 32:30-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/32/30)
* [Genesis 07:23-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/07/23)
* [Psalm 051:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/051/001)

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# boast, boastful #
## Definition: ##
The term "boast" means to talk proudly about something or someone. Often it means to brag about oneself.
* Someone who is "boastful" talks about himself in a proud way.
* God rebuked the Israelites for "boasting in" their idols. They arrogantly worshiped false gods instead of the true God.
* The Bible also talks about people boasting in such things as their wealth, their strength, their fruitful fields, and their laws. This means that they were proud about these things and did not acknowledge that God is the one who provided these things.
* God urged the Israelites to instead "boast" or be proud about the fact that they know him.
* The apostle, Paul also talks about boasting in the Lord, which means being glad and thankful to God for all he has done for them.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate "boast" could include "brag" or "talk proudly" or "be proud."
* The term "boastful" could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "full of prideful talk" or "prideful" or "talking proudly about oneself."
* In the context of boasting in or about knowing God, this could be translated as "take pride in" or "exalt in" or "be very glad about" or "give thanks to God about."
* Some languages have two words for "pride": one that is negative, with the meaning of being arrogant, and the other that is positive, with the meaning of taking pride in ones' work, family, or country.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
(See also: [proud, pride, prideful](../other/proud.md) )
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 20:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/20/11)
* [2 Timothy 03:1-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ti/03/01)
* [James 03:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/03/13)
* [James 04:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/04/15)
* [Psalms 044:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/044/007)

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# body #
## Definition: ##
The term "body" literally refers to the physical body of a person or animal. This term is also used figuratively to refer to an object or whole group that has individual members.
* Often the term "body" refers to a dead person or animal. Sometimes this is referred to as a "dead body" or a "corpse."
* When Jesus said to the disciples at his last Passover meal, "This (bread) is my body," he was referring to his physical body that would be "broken" (killed) to pay for their sins.
* In the Bible, Christians as a group are referred to as the "body of Christ."
* Just as a physical body has many parts, the "body of Christ" has many individual members.
* Each individual believer has a special function in the body of Christ to help the whole group work together to serve God and bring him glory.
* Jesus is also referred to as the "head" (leader) of the "body" of his believers. Just as a person's head tells his body what to do, so Jesus is the one who guides and directs Christians as members of his "body."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The best way to translate this term would be with the word that is most commonly used to refer to a physical body in the project language. Make sure that the word used is not an offensive term.
* When referring collectively to believers, for some languages it may be more natural and accurate to say, "spiritual body of Christ."
* When Jesus says, "This is my body" it is best to translate this literally, with a note to explain it if needed.
* Some languages may have a separate word when referring to a dead body, such as "corpse" for a person or "carcass" for an animal. Make sure the word used to translate this makes sense in the context and is acceptable.
(See also: [head](../other/head.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Chronicles 10:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ch/10/11)
* [1 Corinthians 05:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/05/03)
* [Ephesians 04:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/04/04)
* [Judges 14:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jdg/14/07)
* [Numbers 06:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/06/06)
* [Psalm 031:8-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/031/008)
* [Romans 12:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/12/04)

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# bind, bond, bound #
## Definition: ##
The term "bind" means to tie something or fasten it securely. Something that is tied or joined together is called a "bond." The term "bound" is the past tense of this term.
* To be "bound" means to have something tied or wrapped around something else.
* In a figurative sense, a person can be "bound" to a vow, which means he is "required to fulfill" what he promised to do.
* The term "bonds" refers to anything that binds, confines, or imprisons someone. It usually refers to physical chains, fetters or ropes that keep a person from being free to move.
* In Bible times, bonds such as ropes or chains were used to attach prisoners to the wall or floor of a stone prison.
* The term "bind" can also be used to talk about wrapping cloth around a wound to help it heal.
* A dead person would be "bound" with cloth in preparation for burial.
* The term "bond" is used figuratively to refer to something, such as sin, that controls or enslaves someone.
* A bond can also be a close relationship between people in which they support each other emotionally, spiritually and physically. This applies to the bond of marriage.
* For example, a husband and wife are "bound" or tied to each other. It is a bond that God does not want broken.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "bind" could also be translated as "tie" or "tie up" or "wrap (around)."
* Figuratively, it could be translated as, "to restrain" or "to prevent" or "to keep from (something)."
* A special use of "bind" in Matthew 16 and 18 means "forbid" or "not permit."
* The term "bonds" could be translated as "chains" or "ropes" or "shackles."
* Figuratively the term "bond" could be translated as "knot" or "connection" or "close relationship."
* The phrase, "bond of peace" means, "being in harmony, which brings people in closer relationship to each other" or "the tying together that peace brings."
* To "bind up" could be translated as, "wrap around" or "put a bandage on."
* To "bind" oneself with a vow could be translated as, "promise to fulfill a vow" or "commit to fulfill a vow."
* Depending on the context, the term "bound" could also be translate as, "tied" or "tied up" or "chained" or "obligated (to fulfill)" or "required to do."
(See also: [fulfill](../kt/fulfill.md), [peace](../other/peace.md), [prison](../other/prison.md), [servant](../other/servant.md), [vow](../kt/vow.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Leviticus 08:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/08/06)

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# born again, born of God, new birth #
## Definition: ##
The term "born again" was first used by Jesus to describe what it means for God to change a person from being dead spiritually to being alive spiritually. the terms "born of God" and "born of the Spirit" also refer to a person being given new spiritual life.
* All humans are born spiritually dead and are given a "new birth" when they accept Jesus Christ as their Savior.
* At the moment of the spiritual new birth, God's Holy Spirit begins to live in the new believer and empowers him to produce good spiritual fruit in his life.
* It is God's work to cause a person to be born again and become his child.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate "born again" could include, "born anew" or "born spiritually."
* It is best to translate this term literally and use the normal word in the language that would be used for being born.
* The term "new birth" might be translated as "spiritual birth."
* The phrase "born of God" could be translated as, "caused by God to have new life like a newborn baby" or "given new life by God."
* In the same way, "born of the Spirit" could be translated as, "given new life by the Holy Spirit" or "empowered by the Holy Spirit to become God's child" or "caused by the Spirit to have new life like a newborn baby."
(See also: [holyspirit](../kt/holyspirit.md), [salvation](../kt/salvation.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 03:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/03/09)
* [1 Peter 01:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1pe/01/03)
* [1 Peter 01:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1pe/01/22)
* [John 03:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/03/03)
* [John 03:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/03/07)
* [Titus 03:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/tit/03/04)

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# bow, bow down #
## Definition: ##
To bow means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. To "bow down" means to bend over or kneel down very low, often with face and hands toward the ground.
* Other expressions include "bow the knee" (meaning to kneel) and "bow the head" (meaning to bend the head forward in humble respect or in sorrow).
* Bowing down can also be a sign of distress or mourning. Someone who is "bowed down" has been brought to a low position of humility.
* Often a person will bow in the presence of someone who is of higher status or greater importance, such as kings and other rulers.
* Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him.
* In the Bible, people bowed down to Jesus when they realized from his miracles and teaching that he had come from God.
* The Bible says that when Jesus comes back someday, everyone will bow the knee to worship him.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "bend forward" or "bend the head" or "kneel."
* The term "bow down" could be translated as "kneel down" or "prostrate oneself."
* Some languages will have more than one way of translating this term, depending on the context.
(See also: [humble](../other/humble.md), [worship](../kt/worship.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Kings 05:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ki/05/17)
* [Exodus 20:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/20/04)
* [Genesis 24:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/24/26)
* [Genesis 44:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/44/14)
* [Isaiah 44:19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/44/19)
* [Luke 24:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/24/04)
* [Matthew 02:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/02/11)
* [Revelation 03:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/03/09)

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# breathe, breath #
## Definition: ##
In the Bible, the terms "breathe" and "breath" are often used figuratively to refer to giving life or having life.
* The Bible teaches that God "breathed into" Adam the breath of life. It was at that point that Adam became a living soul.
* When Jesus breathed on the disciples and told them to "receive the Spirit," he was probably literally breathing out air onto them to symbolize the Holy Spirit coming to them.
* Sometimes the terms "breathing" and "breathing out" are used to refer to speaking.
* The figurative expression "breath of God" or "breath of Yahweh" often refers to God's wrath being poured out on rebellious or godless nations. It communicates his power.
## Translation Suggestions ##
* The expression "breathed his last" is a figurative way of saying "he died." It could also be translated as, "he took his last breath" or "he stopped breathing and died" or "he breathed in air one last time."
* Describing the Scriptures as "God-breathed" means that God spoke or inspired the words of the Scriptures which human authors then wrote down. It is probably best, if possible, to translate "God-breathed" somewhat literally since it is difficult to communicate the exact meaning of this.
* If a literal translation of "God-breathed" is not acceptable, other ways to translate this could include, "inspired by God" or "authored by God" or "spoken by God." It could also be said that "God breathed out the words of Scripture."
* The expressions "put breath in" or "breathe life into" or "gives breath to" could be translated as, "cause to breathe" or "make alive again" or "enable them to live and breathe" or "give life to."
* If possible, it is best to translate "breath of God" with the literal word that is used for "breath" in the language. If God cannot be said to have "breath," this could be translated as, "God's power" or "God's speech."
* The expression "catch my breath" or "get my breath" could be translated as, "relax in order to breathe more slowly" or "stop running in order to breathe normally."
* The expression "is only a breath" means "lasts a very short time."
* Similarly the expression "man is a single breath" means "people live a very short time" or "the lives of human beings are very short, like a single breath" or "compared to God, the life of a person seems as short as the time it takes to breathe in one breath of air."
(See also: [adam](../other/adam.md), [paul](../other/paul.md), [wordofgod](../kt/wordofgod.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 17:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/17/17)
* [Ecclesiastes 08:8-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ecc/08/08)
* [Job 04:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/04/07)
* [Revelation 11:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/11/10)
* [Revelation 13:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/13/15)

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# brother #
## Definition: ##
The term "brother" usually refers to a male person who shares at least one biological parent with another person.
* In the Old Testament, the term "brothers" is also used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
* In the New Testament, the apostles often used "brothers" to refer to fellow Christians, including both men and women, since all believers in Christ are members of one spiritual family, with God as their heavenly Father.
* A few times in the New Testament, the apostles used the term "sister" when referring specifically to a fellow Christian who was a woman, or to emphasize that both men and women are being included. For example, James emphasizes that he is talking about all believers when he refers to "a brother or sister who is in need of food or clothing."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* It is best to translate this term with the literal word that is used in the target language to refer to a natural or biological brother, unless this would give wrong meaning.
* In the Old Testament especially, when "brothers" is used very generally to refer to members of the same family, clan, or people group, possible translations could include, "relatives" or "clan members" or "fellow Israelites."
* In the context of referring to a fellow believer in Christ, this term could be translated as, "brother in Christ" or "spiritual brother."
* If both males and females are being referred to and "brother" would give a wrong meaning, then a more general kinship term could be used that would include both males and females.
* Other ways to translate this term so that it refers to both male and female believers could be, "fellow believers" or "Christian brothers and sisters."
* Make sure to check the context to determine whether only men are being referred to, or whether both men and women are included.
(See also: [apostle, the twelve, the eleven](../kt/apostle.md), [God the Father, Heavenly Father](../kt/godthefather.md), [sister](../other/sister.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 07:26-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/07/26)
* [Genesis 29:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/29/09)
* [Leviticus 19:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/19/17)
* [Nehemiah 03:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/neh/03/01)
* [Philippians 04:21-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/04/21)
* [Revelation 01:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/01/09)

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# call, calling, called, call out #
## Definition: ##
The terms "call" and "call out" literally means to say something loudly to someone who is not nearby. There are also several figurative meanings.
* To "call out" to someone means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.
* Often in the Bible, "call" has a meaning of "summon" or "command to come" or "request to come."
* God calls people to come to him and be his people. This is their "calling."
* The term "called" is used in the Bible to mean that God has appointed or chosen people to be his children, to be his servants and proclaimers of his message of salvation through Jesus.
* This term is also used in the context of calling someone a name. For example, "He is called John," means, "He is named John" or "His name is John."
* To be "called by the name of" means that someone is given the name of someone else. God says that he has called his people by his name.
* A different expression, "I have called you by name" means that God knows a person's name personally and has specifically chosen him.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "call" could be translated by a word that means "summon," which includes the idea of being intentional or purposeful in calling.
* The expression "call out to you" could be translated as "ask you for help" or "pray to you urgently."
* When the Bible says that God has "called" us to be his servants, this could be translated as, "specially chose us" or "appointed us" to be his servants.
* "You must call his name" can also be translated as, "you must name him."
* "His name is called" could also be translated as, "his name is" or "he is named."
* To "call out" could be translated as, "say loudly" or "shout" or "say with a loud voice." Make sure the translation of this does not sound like the person is angry.
* The expression "your calling" could be translated as "your purpose" or "God's purpose for you" or "God's special work for you."
* To "call on the name of the Lord" could be translated as "seek the Lord and depend on him" or "trust in the Lord and obey him."
* To "call for" something could be translated by "demand" or "ask for" or "command."
* The expression "you are called by my name" could be translated as, "I have given you my name, showing that you belong to me."
* When God says, "I have called you by name," this could be translated as, "I know your name and have chosen you."
(See: [pray](../other/pray.md) )
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 18:22-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/18/22)
* [1 Thessalonians 04:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/04/07)
* [2 Timothy 01:8-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ti/01/08)
* [Ephesians 04:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/04/01)
* [Galatians 01:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/01/15)
* [Matthew 02:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/02/13)
* [Philippians 03:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/03/12)
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# children, child #
## Definition: ##
In the Bible, the term "child" is often used to generally refer to someone who is young in age, including an infant. The term "children" is the plural form and also has several figurative uses.
* In the Bible, disciples or followers are sometimes called "children."
* Often the term "children" is used to refer to a person's descendants.
* The phrase "children of" can refer to being characterized by something. Some examples of this would be:
* children of the light
* children of obedience
* children of the devil
* This term can also refer to people who are like spiritual children. For example, "children of God" refers to people who belong to God through faith in Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "children" could be translated as "descendants" when it is referring to a person's great-grandchildren or great-great-grandchildren, etc.
* Depending on the context, "children of" could be translated as, "people who have the characteristics of" or "people who behave like."
* If possible, the phrase, "children of God" should be translated literally since an important biblical theme is that God is our heavenly Father. A possible translation alternate would be, "people who belong to God" or "God's spiritual children."
* When Jesus calls his disciples "children," this could also be translated as, "dear friends" or "my beloved disciples."
* When Paul and John refer to believers in Jesus as "children," this could also be translated as "dear fellow believers."
* The phrase, "children of the promise" could be translated as, "people who have received what God promised them."
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md), [son](../kt/son.md), spirit, spiritual, believer, beloved other)
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 02:27-29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/27)
* [3 John 01:1-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/3jn/01/01)
* [Galatians 04:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/19)
* [Genesis 45:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/45/09)
* [Joshua 08:34-35](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/08/34)
* [Nehemiah 05:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/neh/05/04)

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# Christ, Messiah #
## Facts: ##
The terms "Messiah" and "Christ" mean "Anointed One" and refer to Jesus, God's Son.
* Both "Messiah" and "Christ" are used in the New Testament to refer to God's Son, whom God the Father appointed to rule as king over his people, and to save them from sin and death.
* In the Old Testament, the prophets wrote prophecies about the Messiah hundreds of years before he came to earth.
* Often a word meaning "anointed (one)" is used in the Old Testament to refer to the Messiah who would come.
* Jesus fulfilled many of these prophecies and did many miraculous works that proved he is the Messiah; the rest of these prophecies will be fulfilled when he returns.
* The word "Christ" is often used as a title, as in "the Christ" and "Christ Jesus."
* "Christ" also came to be used as part of his name, as in "Jesus Christ."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated using its meaning, "the Anointed One" or "God's Anointed Savior."
* Many languages use a transliterated word that looks or sounds like "Christ" or "Messiah." (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
* The transliterated word could be followed by the definition of the term as in, "Christ, the Anointed One."
* Be consistent in how this is translated throughout the Bible so that it is clear that the same term is being referred to.
* Make sure the translations of "Messiah" and "Christ" work well in contexts where both terms occur in the same verse (such as John 1:41).
(See: [How to Translate Names](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_names.md))
(See also: [sonofgod](../kt/sonofgod.md), [david](../other/david.md), [jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [anoint](../kt/anoint.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 05:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/05/01)
* [Acts 02:34-36](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/34)
* [Acts 05:40-42](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/05/40)
* [John 01:40-42](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/01/40)
* [John 03:27-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/03/27)
* [John 04:25-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/04/25)
* [Luke 02:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/02/10)
* [Matthew 01:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/01/15)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[17-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/17-07)__ The __Messiah__ was God's Chosen One who would save the people of the world from sin.
* __[17-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/17-08)__ As it happened, the Israelites would have to wait a long time before the __Messiah__ came, almost 1,000 years.
* __[21-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-01)__ From the very beginning, God planned to send the __Messiah__.
* __[21-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-04)__ God promised King David that the __Messiah__ would be one of David's own descendants.
* __[21-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-05)__ The __Messiah__ would start the New Covenant.
* __[21-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-06)__ God's prophets also said that the __Messiah__ would be a prophet, a priest, and a king.
* __[21-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-09)__ The prophet Isaiah prophesied that the __Messiah__ would be born from a virgin.
* __[43-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-07)__"But God raised him to life again to fulfill the prophecy which says, 'You will not let your __Holy One__ rot in the grave.'"
* __[43-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-09)__"But know for certain that God has caused Jesus to become both Lord and __Messiah__!"
* __[43-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-11)__ Peter answered them, "Every one of you should repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus __Christ__ so that God will forgive your sins."
* __[46-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-06)__ Saul reasoned with the Jews, proving that Jesus was the __Messiah__.

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# Christian #
## Definition: ##
Some time after Jesus went back to heaven, people made up the name "Christian" which means, "follower of Christ."
* It was in the city of Antioch where Jesus' followers were first called "Christians."
* A Christian is a person who believes that Jesus is the Son of God, and who trusts Jesus to save him from his sins.
* In our modern times, often the term "Christian" is used for someone who identifies with the Christian religion, but who is not really following Jesus. This is not the meaning of "Christian" in the Bible.
* Because the term "Christian" in the Bible always refers to someone who truly believes in Jesus, a Christian is also called a "believer."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated as "Christ-follower" or "follower of Christ" or perhaps something like, "Christ-person."
* Make sure that the translation of this term is translated differently than terms used for disciple or apostle.
* Be careful to translate this term with a word that can refer to everyone who believes in Jesus, not just certain groups.
* Also consider how this term is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [antioch](../other/antioch.md), [christ](../kt/christ.md), [church](../kt/church.md), [disciple](../kt/disciple.md), [believer](../kt/believer.md), [jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [sonofgod](../kt/sonofgod.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 06:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/06/07)
* [1 Peter 04:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1pe/04/15)
* [Acts 11:25-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/11/25)
* [Acts 26:27-29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/26/27)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[46-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-09)__ It was at Antioch that believers in Jesus were first called "__Christians__."
* __[47-14](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/47-14)__] Paul and other __Christian__ leaders traveled to many cities, preaching and teaching people the good news about Jesus.
* __[49-15](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-15)__ If you believe in Jesus and what he has done for you, you are a __Christian__!
* __[49-16](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-16)__ If you are a __Christian__, God has forgiven your sins because of what Jesus did.
* __[49-17](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-17)__ Even though you are a __Christian__, you will still be tempted to sin.
* __[50-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-03)__ Before he returned to heaven, Jesus told __Christians__ to proclaim the good news to people who have never heard it.
* __[50-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-11)__ When Jesus returns, every __Christian__ who has died will rise from the dead and meet him in the sky.

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# church, Church #
## Definition: ##
In the New Testament, the term "church" refers to a local group of believers in Jesus who regularly met together to pray and hear God's word preached. The term "the Church" often refers to all Christians.
* This term literally refers to a "called out" assembly or congregation of people who meet together for a special purpose.
* When this term is used to refer to all believers everywhere in the whole body of Christ, some Bible translations capitalize the first letter ("Church") to distinguish it from the local church.
* Often the believers in a particular city would meet together in someone's home. These local churches were given the name of the city such as the "church at Ephesus."
* In the Bible, "church" does not refer to a building.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "church" could be translated as a "gathering together" or "assembly" or "congregation" or "ones who meet together."
* The word or phrase that is used to translate this term should also be able to refer to all believers, not just one small group.
* Make sure that the translation of "church" does not just refer to a building.
* The term used to translate "assembly" in the Old Testament could also be used to translate this term.
* Also consider how it is translated in a local or national Bible translation. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md).)
(See also: [assembly](../kt/assembly.md), [believer](../kt/believer.md), [christian](../kt/christian.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 05:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/05/11)
* [1 Thessalonians 02:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/02/14)
* [1 Timothy 03:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ti/03/04)
* [Acts 09:31-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/09/31)
* [Acts 14:23-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/14/23)
* [Acts 15:39-41](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/15/39)
* [Colossians 04:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/04/15)
* [Ephesians 05:22-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/05/22)
* [Matthew 16:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/16/17)
* [Philippians 04:14-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/04/14)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[43-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-12)__ About 3,000 people believed what Peter said and became disciples of Jesus. They were baptized and became part of the __church__ at Jerusalem.
* __[46-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-09)__ Most of the people in Antioch were not Jews, but for the first time, very many of them also became believers. Barnabas and Saul went there to teach these new believers more about Jesus and to strengthen the __church__.
* __[46-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/46-10)__ So the __church__ in Antioch prayed for Barnabas and Saul and placed their hands on them. Then they sent them off to preach the good news of Jesus in many other places.
* __[47-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/47-13)__ The good news of Jesus kept spreading, and the __Church__ kept growing.
* __[50-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-01)__ For almost 2,000 years, more and more people around the world have been hearing the good news about Jesus the Messiah. The __Church__ has been growing.

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# circumcise, circumcision #
## Definition: ##
The term "circumcise" means to cut off the foreskin of a man or male child. A circumcision ceremony may be performed in connection with this.
* God commanded Abraham to circumcise every male among his family and servants as a sign of God's covenant with them.
* God also commanded Abraham's descendants to continue to do this for every baby boy born into their households.
* The phrase, "circumcision of the heart" refers figuratively to the "cutting away" or removal of sin from a person.
* In a spiritual sense, "the circumcised" refers to people whom God has purified from sin through the blood of Jesus and who are his people.
* The term "uncircumcised" refers to those who have not been circumcised physically. It can also refer figuratively to those who have not been circumcised spiritually, who do not have a relationship with God.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* If the culture of the target language performs circumcisions on males, the word used to refer to this should be used for this term.
* Other ways to translate this term would be, "cut around" or "cut in a circle" or "cut off the foreskin."
* In cultures where circumcision is not known, it may be necessary to explain it in a footnote or glossary.
* Make sure the term used to translate this does not refer to females. It may be necessary to translate this with a word or phrase that includes the meaning of "male."
(See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [uncircumcised](../kt/uncircumcised.md), [covenant](../kt/covenant.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 10:44-45](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/10/44)
* [Acts 11:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/11/01)
* [Acts 15:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/15/01)
* [Colossians 02:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/02/10)
* [Exodus 12:47-48](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/12/47)
* [Galatians 05:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/05/03)
* [Genesis 17:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/09)
* [Genesis 17:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/12)
* [Joshua 05:2-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/05/02)
* [Philippians 03:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/03/01)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[05-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/05-03)__"You must __circumcise__ every male in your family."
* __[05-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/05-05)__ That day Abraham __circumcised__ all the males in his household.
~~NOCACHE~~

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# clean, cleanse #
## Definition: ##
The tern "clean" literally means to not have any dirt or stain. In the Bible, it is often used figuratively to mean, "pure," "holy," or "free from sin."
* "Cleanse" is the process of making something "clean." It could also be translated as "wash" or "purify."
* In the Old Testament, God told the Israelites which animals he had specified as ritually "clean" and which ones were "unclean." Only the clean animals were permitted to be used for eating or for sacrifice. In this context, the term "clean" means that the animal was acceptable to God for use as a sacrifice.
* A person who had certain skin diseases would be unclean until the skin was healed enough to no longer be contagious. Instructions for cleansing the skin had to be obeyed in order for that person to be declared "clean" again.
* Sometimes "clean" is used figuratively to refer to moral purity.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated with the common word for "clean" or "pure" (in the sense of being not dirty).
* Other ways to translate this could include, "ritually clean" or "acceptable to God."
* "Cleanse" could be translated by "wash" or "purify."
* Make sure that the words used for "clean" and "cleanse" can also be understood in a figurative sense.
(See also: [holy](../kt/holy.md), [unclean](../kt/unclean.md), [sacrifice](../other/sacrifice.md) )
## Bible References: ##
* [Deuteronomy 12:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/deu/12/15)
* [Ezekiel 24:13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/24/13)
* [Genesis 07:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/07/01)
* [Genesis 07:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/07/08)
* [James 04:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/04/08)
* [Luke 05:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/05/12)
* [Proverbs 20:29-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/20/29)
* [Psalms 051:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/051/007)

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# clothe, clothed #
## Definition: ##
When used figuratively in the Bible, "clothed with" means to be endowed or equipped with something. To "clothe" oneself with something means to seek to have a certain character quality.
* In the same way that clothing is external to your body and is visible to all, when you are "clothed" with a certain character quality, others can readily see it. To "clothe yourself with kindness" means to let your actions be so characterized by kindness that it is easily seen by everyone.
* To be "clothed with power from on high" means to have power given to you.
* This term is also used to express negative experiences, such as "clothed with shame" or "clothed with terror"
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* If possible, it is best to keep the literal figure of speech, "clothe yourselves with." Another way to translate this could be "put on" if this refers to putting on clothes.
* If that does not give the correct meaning, other ways to translate "clothed with" could be "showing" or "manifesting" or "filled with" or "having the quality of."
* The term "clothe yourself with" could also be translated as "cover yourself with" or "behave in a way that shows."
## Bible References: ##
* [Luke 24:48-49](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/24/48)

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# compassion, compassionate #
## Definition: ##
The term "compassion" refers to a feeling of concern for people, especially for those who are suffering. A "compassionate" person cares about other people and helps them.
* The word "compassion" usually includes caring about people in need, as well as taking action to help them.
* The Bible says that God is compassionate, that is, he is full of love and mercy.
* In Paul's letter to the Colossians, he tells them to "clothe themselves with compassion." He is instructing them to care about people and to actively help others who are in need.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The literal meaning of "compassion" is "bowels of mercy." This is an expression that means "mercy" or "pity." Other languages may have their own expression that means this.
* Ways of translating "compassion" could include, "a deep caring for" or "helpful mercy."
* The term "compassionate" could also be translated as, "caring and helpful" or "deeply loving and merciful."
## Bible References: ##
* [Daniel 01:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/dan/01/08)
* [Hosea 13:14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/hos/13/14)
* [James 05:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/05/09)
* [Jonah 04:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jon/04/01)
* [Mark 01:40-42](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/01/40)
* [Romans 09:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/09/14)

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# condemn, condemnation #
## Definition: ##
The terms "condemn" and "condemnation" refer to judging someone for doing something wrong.
* Often the word "condemn" includes punishing that person for what they did wrong.
* Sometimes "condemn" means to falsely accuse someone or to judge someone harshly.
* The term "condemnation" refers to the act of condemning or accusing someone.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, this term could be translated as "harshly judge" or "criticize falsely."
* The phrase "condemn him" could be translated as,"judge that he is guilty" or "state that he must be punished for his sin."
* The term "condemnation" could be translated as, "harsh judging" or "declaring to be guilty" or "punishment of guilt."
(See also: [judge](../kt/judge.md), [punish](../other/punish.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 03:19-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/03/19)
* [Job 09:27-29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/09/27)
* [John 05:24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/05/24)
* [Luke 06:37](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/06/37)
* [Matthew 12:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/12/07)
* [Proverbs 17:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/17/15)
* [Psalms 034:21-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/034/021)
* [Romans 05:16-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/05/16)

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# confess, confession #
## Definition: ##
To confess means to admit or assert that something is true. A "confession" is a statement or admission that something is true.
* The term "confess" can refer to boldly stating the truth about God. It can also refer to admitting that we have sinned.
* The Bible says that if people confess their sins to God, he will forgive them.
* James the apostle wrote in his letter that when believers confess their sins to each other, this brings spiritual healing.
* The apostle Paul wrote to the Philippians that someday everyone will confess or declare that Jesus is Lord.
* Paul also said that if people confess that Jesus is Lord and believe that God raised him from the dead, they will be saved.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, ways to translate "confess" could include, "admit" or "testify" or "declare" or "acknowledge" or "affirm."
* Different ways to translate "confession" could be, "declaration" or "testimony" or "statement about what we believe" or "admitting sin."
(See also: [faith](../kt/faith.md), [testimony](../kt/testimony.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 01:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/01/08)
* [2 John 01:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2jn/01/07)
* [James 05:16-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/05/16)
* [Leviticus 05:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/05/05)
* [Matthew 03:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/03/04)
* [Nehemiah 01:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/neh/01/06)
* [Philippians 02:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/02/09)
* [Psalms 038:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/038/017)

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# confidence, confident #
## Definition: ##
The term "confidence" refers to being sure that something is true or certain to happen.
* In the Bible, the term "hope" often means to wait expectantly for something that is sure to happen. The ULB often translates this as "confidence" or "confidence for the future" or "future confidence" especially when it means to be assured of receiving what God has promised to believers in Jesus.
* Often the term "confidence" refers especially to the certainty that believers in Jesus have that they will someday be with God forever in heaven.
* The phrase, "have confidence in God" means to fully expect to receive and experience what God has promised.
* Being "confident" means believing in God's promises and acting with the assurance that God will do what he has said. This term can also have the meaning of acting boldly and courageously.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "confident" could be translated as "assured" or "very sure."
* The phrase "be confident" could also be translated as "trust completely" or "be completely sure about" or "know for certain."
* The term "confidently" could also be translated as "boldly" or "with certainty."
* Depending on the context, ways to translate "confidence" could include, "complete assurance" or "sure expectation" or "certainty."
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [believer](../kt/believer.md), [bold](../other/bold.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [hope](../kt/hope.md), [trust](../kt/trust.md) )
## Bible References: ##
{{topic>confidence&nocomments}}

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# consecrate #
## Definition: ##
To consecrate means to dedicate something or someone to serve God. The person or object that is consecrated is considered holy and set apart for God.
* The meaning of this term is similar to "sanctify" or "to make holy," but with the added meaning of formally setting apart someone for service to God.
* Things that were consecrated to God included animals to be sacrificed, the altar of burnt offering, and the tabernacle.
* People who were consecrated to God included the priests, the people of Israel, and the oldest male child.
* Sometimes the word "consecrate" has a meaning that is similar to "purify," especially when it pertains to preparing people or things for God's service so that they will be cleansed and acceptable to him.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate "consecrate" could include, "set apart for God's service" or "purify for service to God."
* Also consider how the terms "holy" and "sanctify" are translated.
(See also: [holy](../kt/holy.md), [purify](../kt/purify.md), [sanctify](../kt/sanctify.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Timothy 04:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ti/04/03)
* [2 Chronicles 13:8-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ch/13/08)
* [Ezekiel 44:19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/44/19)

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# cornerstone #
## Definition: ##
The term "cornerstone" refers to a large stone that has been specially cut and placed in the corner of the foundation of a building.
* All the other stones of the building are measured and placed in relation to the cornerstone.
* It is very important for the strength and stability of the whole structure.
* In the New Testament, the Assembly of believers is metaphorically compared to a building which has Jesus Christ as its "cornerstone."
* In the same way that the cornerstone of a building supports and determines the position of the whole building, so Jesus Christ is the cornerstone on which the Assembly of believers is founded and supported.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "cornerstone" could also be translated as "main building stone" or "foundation stone."
* Consider whether the target language has a term for a part of a building's foundation that is the main support. If so, this term could be used.
* Another way to translate this would be, "a foundation stone used for the corner of a building."
* It is important to keep the fact that this is a large stone, used as a solid and secure building material. If stones are not used for constructing buildings, there may be another word that could be used that means "large stone" (such as "boulder") but it should also have the idea of being well-formed and made to fit.
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 04:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/04/11)
* [Ephesians 02:19-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/02/19)
* [Matthew 21:42](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/21/42)
* [Psalms 118:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/118/022)

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# corrupt, corruption #
## Definition: ##
The terms "corrupt" and "corruption" refer to a state of affairs in which people have become ruined, immoral, or dishonest.
* The term "corrupt" literally means to be "bent" or "broken" morally.
* A person who is corrupt has turned away from truth and is doing things that are dishonest or immoral.
* To corrupt someone means to influence that person to do dishonest and immoral things.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "to corrupt" could be translated as "to influence to do evil" or "to cause to be immoral."
* A corrupt person could be described as a person "who has become immoral" or "who practices evil."
* This term could also be translated as "bad" or "immoral" or "evil."
* The term corruption could be translated as "the practice of evil" or "evil" or "immorality."
(See also: [evil](../kt/evil.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Ezekiel 20:42-44](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/20/42)
* [Galatians 06:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/06/06)
* [Genesis 06:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/06/11)
* [Matthew 12:33-35](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/12/33)
* [Psalm 014:1](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/014/001)

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# covenant #
## Definition: ##
A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill.
* This agreement can be between individuals, between groups of people, or between God and people.
* When people make a covenant with each other, they promise that they will do something, and they must do it.
* Examples of human covenants include marriage covenants, business agreements, and treaties between countries.
* Throughout the Bible, God made several different covenants with his people.
* In some of the covenants, God promised to fulfill his part without conditions. For example when God established his covenant with mankind, promising to never destroy the earth again with a worldwide flood, this promise had no conditions for people to fulfill.
* In other covenants, God promised to fulfill his part only if the people obeyed him and fulfilled their part of the covenant.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, ways to translate this term could include, "binding agreement" or "formal commitment" or "pledge" or "contract."
* Some languages may have different words for covenant depending on whether one party or both parties have made a promise they must keep. If the covenant is one-sided, it could be translated as "promise" or "pledge."
* Make sure the translation of this term does not sound like people proposed the covenant. In all cases of covenants between God and people, it was God who initiated the covenant.
(See also: , [New Covenant](../kt/newcovenant.md), [promise](../kt/promise.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Kings 18:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ki/18/11)
* [2 Samuel 23:5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2sa/23/05)
* [Acts 07:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/07/06)
* [Exodus 34:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/34/10)
* [Galatians 03:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/03/17)
* [Genesis 09:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/09/11)
* [Genesis 17:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/07)
* [Genesis 31:43-44](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/31/43)
* [Joshua 24:24-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/24/24)
* [Luke 01:72-75](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/01/72)
* [Mark 14:22-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/14/22)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[04-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/04-09)__ Then God made a __covenant__ with Abram. A __covenant__ is an agreement between two parties.
* __[05-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/05-04)__"I will make Ishmael a great nation, too, but my __covenant__ will be with Isaac."
* __[06-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/06-04)__ After a long time, Abraham died and all of the promises that God had made to him in the __covenant__ were passed on to Isaac.
* __[07-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/07-10)__ The __covenant__ promises God had promised to Abraham and then to Isaac now passed on to Jacob."
* __[13-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/13-02)__ God said to Moses and the people of Israel, "If you will obey my voice and keep my __covenant__, you will be my prized possession, a kingdom of priests, and a holy nation."
* __[13-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/13-04)__ Then God gave them the __covenant__ and said, "I am Yahweh, your God, who saved you from slavery in Egypt. Do not worship other gods."
* __[15-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/15-13)__ Then Joshua reminded the people of their obligation to obey the __covenant__ that God had made with the Israelites at Sinai.

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# covenant faithfulness, covenant loyalty, loving kindness, unfailing love #
## Definition: ##
This term is used to describe God's commitment to fulfill the promises that he made to his people.
* God made promises to the Israelites in formal agreements called "covenants."
* The "covenant faithfulness" or "covenant loyalty" of Yahweh refers to the fact that he keeps his promises to his people.
* God faithfulness to keep his covenant promises is an expression of his grace toward his people.
* The term "loyalty" is another word that refers to being committed and dependable to do and say what has been promised and what will benefit someone else.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The way this term is translated will also depend on how the terms "covenant" and "faithfulness" are translated.
* Other ways to translate this term could include, "faithful love" or "loyal, committed love" or "loving dependability."
(See also: [covenant](../kt/covenant.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md), [grace](../kt/grace.md), [israel](../other/israel.md), [peopleofgod](../kt/peopleofgod.md),[promise](../kt/promise.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Ezra 03:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezr/03/10)
* [Numbers 14:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/14/17)

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# cross #
## Definition: ##
In Bible times, a cross was an upright wooden post stuck into the ground, with a horizontal wooden beam attached to it near the top.
* During the time of the Roman Empire, the Roman government would execute criminals by tying or nailing them to a cross and leaving them there to die.
* Jesus was falsely accused of crimes he did not commit and the Romans put him to death on a cross.
* Note that this is a completely different word from the verb "cross" that means to go over to the other side of something, such as a river or lake.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated using a term in the target language that refers to the shape of a cross.
* Consider describing the cross as something on which people were killed, using phrases such as "execution post" or "tree of death."
* Also consider how this word is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [crucify](../kt/crucify.md), [Rome, Roman](../other/rome.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 01:17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/01/17)
* [Colossians 02:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/02/13)
* [Galatians 06:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/06/11)
* [John 19:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/19/17)
* [Luke 09:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/09/23)
* [Luke 23:26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/23/26)
* [Matthew 10:37-39](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/10/37)
* [Philippians 02:5-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/02/05)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[40-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-01)__ After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to crucify him. They made him carry the __cross__ on which he would die.
* __[40-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-02)__ The soldiers brought Jesus to a place called "the Skull" and nailed his arms and feet to the __cross__.
* __[40-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-05)__ The Jewish leaders and the other people in the crowd mocked Jesus. They said to him, "If you are the Son of God, come down from the __cross__ and save yourself! Then we will believe you."
* __[49-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-10)__ When Jesus died on the __cross__, he received your punishment.
* __[49-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-12)__ You must believe that Jesus is the Son of God, that he died on the __cross__ instead of you, and that God raised him to life again.
~~NOCACHE~~

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# crucify #
## Definition: ##
The term "crucify" means to execute someone by attaching him to a cross and leaving him there to suffer and die in great pain.
* The victim was either tied to the cross or nailed to it. Crucified people died from blood loss or from suffocation.
* The ancient Roman Empire frequently used this method of execution to punish and kill people who were terrible criminals or who had rebelled against the authority of their government.
* The Jewish religious leaders asked the Roman governor to order his soldiers to crucify Jesus. The soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross. He suffered there for six hours, and then died.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "crucify" could be translated as, "kill on a cross" or "execute by nailing to a cross."
(See also: [cross](../kt/cross.md), [rome](../other/rome.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 02:22-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/22)
* [Galatians 02:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/02/20)
* [Luke 23:20-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/23/20)
* [Luke 23:33-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/23/33)
* [Matthew 20:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/20/17)
* [Matthew 27:23-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/27/23)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
__*[39-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/39-11)__ But the Jewish leaders and the crowd shouted, "__Crucify__ him (Jesus)!"
__*[39-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/39-12)__ Pilate became afraid that the crowd would begin to riot, so he ordered his soldiers to __crucify__ Jesus.played a major role in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
__*[40-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-01)__ After the soldiers mocked Jesus, they led him away to __crucify__ him. They made him carry the cross on which he would die.
__*[40-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-04)__ Jesus was __crucified__ between two robbers.
__*[43-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-06)__ "Men of Israel, Jesus was a man who did many mighty signs and wonders by the power of God, as you have seen and already know. But you __crucified__ him!"
__*[43-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-09)__ "You __crucified__ this man, Jesus."
__*[44-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/44-08)__ Peter answered them, "This man stands before you healed by the power of Jesus the Messiah. You __crucified__ Jesus, but God raised him to life again!"
~~NOCACHE~~

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# curse, cursed #
## Definition: ##
The term "curse" means to cause negative things to happen to the person or thing that is being cursed.
* A curse can be a statement that harm will happen to someone or something.
* To curse someone can also be an expression of desire that bad things will happen to them.
* It can also refer to the punishment or other negative things that someone causes to happen to someone.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated as "cause bad things to happen to" or "declare that something bad will happen to" or "swear to cause evil things to happen to."
* In the context of God sending curses on his disobedient people, it could be translated as, "punish by allowing bad things to happen."
* The term "cursed" when used to describe people could be translated as, "(this person) will experience much trouble."
* The phrase "cursed be" could be translated as, "May (this person) experience great difficulties."
* The phrase, "Cursed is the ground" could be translated as, "The soil will not be very fertile."
* "Cursed be the day I was born" could also be translated as, "I am so miserable it would have been better not to be born."
* However, if the target language has the phrase "cursed be" and it has the same meaning, then it is good to keep the same phrase.
(See also: [bless, blessed, blessing](../kt/bless.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 14:24-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/14/24)
* [2 Peter 02:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2pe/02/12)
* [Galatians 03:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/03/10)
* [Galatians 03:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/03/13)
* [Genesis 03:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/03/14)
* [Genesis 03:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/03/17)
* [James 03:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/03/09)
* [Numbers 22:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/22/05)
* [Psalms 109:28-29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/109/028)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[02-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/02-09)__ God said to the snake, "You are __cursed__!"
* __[02-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/02-11)__"Now the ground is __cursed__, and you will need to work hard to grow food."
* __[04-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/04-04)__"I will bless those who bless you and __curse__ those who __curse__ you."
* __[39-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/39-07)__ Then Peter vowed, saying, "May God __curse__ me if I know this man!"
* __[50-16](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-16)__ Because Adam and Eve disobeyed God and brought sin into this world, God __cursed__ it and decided to destroy it.

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# cut off #
## Definition: ##
The expression "be cut off" is an expression that means to be excluded, banished or isolated from the main group. It can also refer to being killed as an act of divine judgment for sin.
* In the Old Testament, disobeying God's commands resulted in being cut off, or separated, from God's people and from his presence.
* God also said he would "cut off" or destroy the non-Israelite nations, because they did not worship or obey him and were enemies of Israel.
* The expression "cut off" is also used to refer to God causing a river to stop flowing.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The expression "be cut off" could be translated as "be banished" or "be sent away" or "be separated from" or "be killed" or "be destroyed."
* Depending on the context, "to cut off" could be translated as, "to destroy" or "to send away" or "to separate from" or "to destroy."
* In the context of flowing waters being cut off, this could be translated as "were stopped" or "were caused to stop flowing" or "were divided."
* The literal meaning of cutting something with a knife should be distinguished from the figurative uses of this term.
## Bible References: ##
* [Genesis 17:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/12)
* [Judges 21:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jdg/21/06)
* [Proverbs 23:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/23/17)

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# darkness #
## Definition: ##
The term "darkness" literally means an absence of light. There are also several figurative meanings of this term:
* As a metaphor, "darkness" means "impurity" or "evil" or "spiritual blindness."
* It also refers to anything related to sin and moral corruption.
* The expression, "dominion of darkness" refers to all that is evil and ruled by Satan.
* The term "darkness" can also be used as a metaphor for death. (See: [Metaphor](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/figs_metaphor.md))
* People who do not know God are said to be "living in darkness," which means they do not understand or practice righteousness.
* God is light (righteousness) and the darkness (evil) cannot overcome that light.
* The place of punishment for those who reject God is sometimes referred to as "outer darkness."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* It is best to translate this term literally, with a word in the project language that refers to the absence of light. This could also be a term that refers to the darkness of a room with no light or to the time of day when there is no light.
* For the figurative uses, it is also important to keep the image of darkness in contrast to light, as a way to describe evil and deception in contrast to goodness and truth.
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate this could be, "darkness of night" (as opposed to "light of day") or "not seeing anything, like at night" or "evil, like a dark place".
(See also: [corrupt, corruption](../kt/corrupt.md), [dominion](../kt/dominion.md), [kingdom](../other/kingdom.md), [light](../kt/light.md), [redeem, redemption](../kt/redeem.md), [righteous, righteousness](../kt/righteous.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 01:5-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/01/05)
* [1 John 02:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/07)
* [1 Thessalonians 05:4-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/05/04)
* [2 Samuel 22:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2sa/22/10)
* [Colossians 01:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/13)
* [Isaiah 05:29-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/05/29)
* [Jeremiah 13:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jer/13/15)
* [Joshua 24:7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/24/07)
* [Matthew 08:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/08/11)

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# Daughter of Zion #
## Definition: ##
"Daughter of Zion" is a figurative way of referring to the people of Israel. It is usually used in prophecies.
* In the Old Testament, "Zion" is often used as another name for the city of Jerusalem.
* Both "Zion" and "Jerusalem" are also used to refer to Israel.
* The term "Daughter" is a term of endearment or affection. It is a metaphor for the patience and care that God has for his people.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate this could include, "my daughter Israel, from Zion" or "people from Zion, who are like a daughter to me" or "Zion, my dear people Israel."
* It is best to keep the term "Zion" in this expression since it is used many times in the Bible. A note could be included in the translation to explain its figurative meaning and prophetic use.
* It is also better to keep the term "Daughter" in the translation of this expression, as long as it is understood correctly.
(See also: [jerusalem](../other/jerusalem.md), [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [zion](../other/zion.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Jeremiah 06:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jer/06/01)
* [John 12:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/12/14)
* [Matthew 21:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/21/04)

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# day of the Lord, day of Yahweh #
## Description: ##
The Old Testament term "day of Yahweh" is used to refer to a specific time(s) when God would punish people for their sin.
* The New Testament term "day of the Lord" usually refers to the day or time when the Lord Jesus will come back to judge people at the end of time.
* This final, future time of judgment and resurrection, is also sometimes referred to as the "last day." This time will begin when the Lord Jesus comes back to judge sinners and will permanently establish his rule.
* The word "day" in these phrases may sometimes refer to a literal day or it may refer to a "time" or "occasion" that is longer than a day.
* Sometimes the punishment is referred to as a "pouring out of God's wrath" upon those who do not believe.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "day of Yahweh" could include, "time of Yahweh" or "time when Yahweh will punish his enemies" or "time of Yahweh's wrath."
* Other ways to translate "day of the Lord" could include "time of the Lord's judgment" or "time when the Lord Jesus will return to judge people."
(See also: [biblicaltimeday](../other/biblicaltimeday.md), [judgmentday](../kt/judgmentday.md), [lordgod](../kt/lordgod.md),[resurrection](../kt/resurrection.md), [yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 05:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/05/03)
* [1 Thessalonians 05:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/05/01)
* [2 Peter 03:10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2pe/03/10)
* [2 Thessalonians 02:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2th/02/01)
* [Acts 02:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/20)
* [Philippians 01:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/01/09)

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# death, die, dead #
## Definition: ##
This term is used to refer to both physical and spiritual death. Physically, it refers to when the physical body of a person stops living. Spiritually, it refers to sinners being separated from a holy God because of their sin.
#### 1. Physical death ####
* To "die" means to stop living. Death is the end of physical life.
* A person's spirit leaves his body when he dies.
* When Adam and Eve sinned, physical death came into the world.
* The expression "put to death" refers to killing or murdering someone, especially when a king or other ruler gives an order for someone to be killed.
#### 2. Spiritual death ####
* Spiritual death is the separation of a person from God.
* Adam died spiritually when he disobeyed God. His relationship with God was broken. He became ashamed and tried to hide from God.
* Every descendant of Adam is a sinner, and is spiritually dead. God makes us spiritually alive again when we have faith in Jesus Christ.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* To translate this term, it is best to use the everyday, natural word or expression that refers to death in the target language.
* In some languages, "to die" may be expressed as "to not live." The term "dead" may be translated as "not alive" or "not having any life" or "not living."
* Many languages use figurative expressions to describe death, such as "to pass away" in English. However in the Bible it is best to use the most direct term for death that is used in everyday language.
* In the Bible, physical life and death are often compared to spiritual life and death. It is important in a translation to use the same word or phrase for both physical death and spiritual death.
* In some languages it may be more clear to say "spiritual death" when the context requires that meaning. Some translators may also feel it is best to say "physical death" in contexts where it is being contrasted to spiritual death.
* The expression, "the dead" is a nominal adjective that refers to people who have died. Some languages will translate this as, "dead people" or "people who have died." (See: nominal adjective)
* The expression, "put to death" could also be translated as, "kill" or "murder" or "execute."
(See also: [](../kt/believe.md), [faith](../kt/faith.md), [life](../kt/life.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Corinthians 15:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1co/15/20)
* [1 Thessalonians 04:16-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/04/16)
* [Acts 10:42-43](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/10/42)
* [Acts 14:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/14/19)
* [Colossians 02:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/02/13)
* [Colossians 02:20-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/02/20)
* [Genesis 02:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/02/15)
* [Genesis 34:27-29](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/34/27)
* [Matthew 16:27-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/16/27)
* [Romans 05:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/05/10)
* [Romans 05:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/05/12)
* [Romans 06:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/06/10)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[01-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/01-11)__ God told Adam that he could eat from any tree in the garden except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. If he ate from this tree, he would __die__.
* __[02-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/02-11)__"Then you will __die__, and your body will return to dirt."
* __[07-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/07-10)__ Then Isaac __died__, and Jacob and Esau buried him.
* __[37-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/37-05)__"Jesus replied, "I am the Resurrection and the Life. Whoever believes in me will live, even though he __dies__. Everyone who believes in me will never __die__."
* __[40-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-08)__ Through his __death__, Jesus opened a way for people to come to God.
* __[43-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-07)__"Although Jesus __died__, God raised him from the dead."
* __[48-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/48-02)__ Because they sinned, everyone on earth gets sick and everyone __dies__.
* __[50-17](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-17)__ He (Jesus) will wipe away every tear and there will be no more suffering, sadness, crying, evil, pain, or __death__.
*
~~NOCACHE~~

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# deceive, deceit, deception, deceptive #
## Definition: ##
The term "deceive" means to cause someone to believe something that is not true. The act of deceiving someone is called "deceit."
* Another term, "deception" also refers to the act of causing someone to believe something that is not true.
* Someone who causes others to believe something false is a "deceiver." For example, Satan is called a "deceiver." The evil spirits that he controls are also deceivers.
* A person, action, or message that is not truthful can be described as "deceptive."
* The terms "deceit" and "deception" have the same meaning, but there are some small differences in how they are used.
* The descriptive terms, "deceitful" and "deceptive" have the same meaning and are used in the same contexts.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate "deceive" could include "lie to" or "cause to have a false belief" or "cause someone to think something that is not true."
* The term "deceived" could also be translated as, "caused to think something false" or "lied to" or "tricked" or "fooled" or "misled."
* "Deceiver" could be translated as, "liar" or "one who misleads" or "someone who deceives."
* Depending on the context, the terms "deception" or "deceit" could be translated with a word or phrase that means "falsehood" or "lying" or "trickery" or "dishonesty."
* The terms "deceptive" or "deceitful" could be translated by "untruthful" or "misleading" or "lying" to describe a person who speaks or acts in a way that causes other people to believe things that are not true.
(See: [true](../kt/true.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 01:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/01/08)
* [1 Timothy 02:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ti/02/13)
* [2 Thessalonians 02:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2th/02/03)
* [Genesis 03:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/03/12)
* [Genesis 31:26-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/31/26)
* [Leviticus 19:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/19/11)
* [Matthew 27:62-64](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/27/62)
* [Micah 06:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mic/06/11)
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# deliver, deliverer, deliverance #
## Definition: ##
To "deliver" someone means to rescue that person. The term "deliverer" refers to someone who rescues or frees people from slavery, oppression, or other dangers. The term "deliverance" refers to what happens when someone rescues or frees people from slavery, oppression, or other dangers.
* In the Old Testament, God appointed deliverers to protect the Israelites by leading them in battle against other people groups who came to attack them.
* These deliverers were also called "judges" and the Old Testament book of Judges records the time in history when these judges were governing Israel.
* God is also called a "deliverer." Throughout the history of Israel, he delivered or rescued his people from their enemies.
* The term "deliver over to" or "deliver up to" has a very different meaning of handing someone over to an enemy, such as when Judas delivered Jesus over to the Jewish leaders.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* In the context of helping people escape from their enemies, the term "deliver" can be translated as "rescue" or "liberate" or "save."
* When it means to deliver someone over to the enemy, "deliver over" can be translated as "betray to" or "hand over" or "give over."
* The word "deliverer" can also be translated as, "rescuer" or "liberator."
* When the term "deliverer" refers to the judges who led Israel, it could also be translated as "governor" or "judge" or "leader."
(See: [judge](../kt/judge.md), [save](../kt/save.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Corinthians 01:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2co/01/08)
* [Acts 07:35-37](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/07/35)
* [Galatians 01:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/01/03)
* [Judges 10:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jdg/10/10)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[16-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/16-03)__ Then God provided a __deliverer__ who rescued them from their enemies and brought peace to the land.
* __[16-16](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/16-16)__ They (Israel) finally asked God for help again, and God sent them another __deliverer__.
* __[16-17](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/16-17)__ Over many years, God sent many __deliverers__ who saved the Israelites from their enemies.

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# demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit #
## Definition: ##
All these terms refer to demons, which are spirit beings that oppose God's will.
* God created angels to serve him. When the devil rebelled against God, some of the angels also rebelled and were thrown out of heaven. It is believed that demons and evil spirits are these "fallen angels."
* Sometimes these demons are called "unclean spirits." The term "unclean" means "impure" or "evil" or "unholy."
* Because demons serve the devil, they do evil things. Sometimes they live inside people and control them.
* Demons are more powerful than human beings, but not as powerful as God.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "demon" could also be translated as "evil spirit."
* The term "unclean spirit" could also be translated as "impure spirit" or "corrupt spirit" or "evil spirit."
* Make sure that the word or phrase used to translate this term is different from the term used to refer to the devil.
* Also consider how the term "demon" is translated in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [demonpossessed](../kt/demonpossessed.md), [satan](../kt/satan.md), [idol](../other/idol.md), [falsegod](../kt/falsegod.md), [angel](../kt/angel.md), [evil](../kt/evil.md), [unclean](../kt/unclean.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [James 02:18-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/02/18)
* [James 03:15-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/03/15)
* [Luke 04:35-37](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/04/35)
* [Mark 03:20-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/03/20)
* [Matthew 04:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/04/23)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[26-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/26-09)__ Many people who had __demons__ in them were brought to Jesus. When Jesus commanded them, the __demons__ came out of the people, and often shouted, "You are the Son of God!"
* __[32-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/32-08)__ The __demons__ came out of the man and entered the pigs.
* __[47-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/47-05)__ Finally one day when the slave girl started yelling, Paul turned to her and said to the __demon__ that was in her, "In the name of Jesus, come out of her." Right away the __demon__ left her.
* __[49-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-02)__ He (Jesus) walked on water, calmed storms, healed many sick people, drove out __demons__, raised the dead to life, and turned five loaves of bread and two small fish into enough food for over 5,000 people.

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# demon-possessed #
## Definition: ##
A person who is demon-possessed has a demon or evil spirit that controls what he does and thinks.
* Often a demon-possessed person will hurt himself or other people because the demon causes him to do that.
* Jesus healed demon-possessed people by commanding the demons to come out of them. This is often called "casting out" demons.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate this term could include, "demon-controlled" or "controlled by an evil spirit" or "having an evil spirit living inside."
(See also: [[demon]])
## Bible References: ##
* [Mark 01:32-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mrk/01/32)
* [Matthew 04:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/04/23)
* [Matthew 08:16-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/08/16)
* [Matthew 08:33-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/08/33)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[26-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/26-09)__ Many people who had __demons in them__ were brought to Jesus.
* __[32-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/32-02)__ When they reached the other side of the lake, a __demon-possessed__ man came running up to Jesus.
* __[32-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/32-06)__ The man __with the demon__ cried out in a loud voice, "What do you want with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? Please do not torture me!"
* __[32-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/32-09)__ The people from the town came and saw the man who used to __have the demons__.
* __[47-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/47-03)__ Every day as they (Paul and Silas) walked there, a slave girl __possessed by a demon__ followed them.

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# disciple #
## Definition: ##
The term "disciple" refers to a person who spends much time with a teacher, learning from that teacher's character and teaching.
* The people who followed Jesus around, listening to his teachings and obeying them, were called his "disciples."
* John the Baptist also had disciples.
* During Jesus' ministry, there were many disciples who followed him and heard his teachings.
* Jesus chose twelve disciples to be his closest followers; these men became known as his "apostles."
* Jesus' twelve apostles continued to be known as his "disciples" or "the twelve."
* Just before Jesus went up to heaven, he commanded his disciples to teach other people about how to become Jesus' disciples, too.
* Anyone who believes in Jesus and obeys his teachings is called a disciple of Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "disciple" could be translated by a word or phrase that means "follower" or "student" or "pupil" or "learner."
* Make sure that the translation of this term does not refer only to a student who learns in a classroom.
* The translation of this term should also be different from the translation of "apostle."
(See also: [apostle](../kt/apostle.md), [believer](../kt/believer.md), [jesus](../kt/jesus.md), [johnthebaptist](../other/johnthebaptist.md), [thetwelve](../kt/thetwelve.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 06:1](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/06/01)
* [Acts 09:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/09/26)
* [Acts 11:25-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/11/25)
* [Acts 14:21-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/14/21)
* [John 13:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/13/23)
* [Luke 06:39-40](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/06/39)
* [Matthew 11:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/11/01)
* [Matthew 26:33-35](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/26/33)
* [Matthew 27:62-64](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/27/62)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
__*[30-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/30-08)__ He (Jesus) gave the pieces to his __disciples__ to give to the people. The __disciples__ kept passing out the food, and it never ran out!
__*[38-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-01)__ About three years after Jesus first began preaching and teaching publicly, Jesus told his __disciples__ that he wanted to celebrate this Passover with them in Jerusalem, and that he would be killed there.
__*[38-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-11)__ Then Jesus went with his __disciples__ to a place called Gethsemane. Jesus told his __disciples__ to pray that they would not enter into temptation.
__*[42-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/42-10)__ Jesus said to his __disciples__, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. So go, make __disciples__ of all people groups by baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and by teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you."

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# discipline, self-discipline #
## Definition: ##
The term "discipline" refers to training people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior.
* Parents discipline their children by providing moral guidance and direction for them and teaching them to obey.
* Similarly, God disciplines his children to help them produce healthy spiritual fruit in their lives, such as joy, love, and patience.
* Discipline involves instruction regarding how to live to please God, as well as punishment for behavior that is against God's will.
* Self-discipline is the process of applying moral and spiritual principles to one's own life.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, "discipline" could be translated as, "train and instruct" or "morally guide" or "punish for wrongdoing."
* The noun, "discipline" could be translated as "moral training" or "punishment" or "moral correction" or "moral guidance and instruction."
## Bible References: ##
* [Ephesians 06:4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/06/04)
* [Hebrews 12:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/heb/12/04)
* [Proverbs 04:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/04/13)
* [Proverbs 13:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/13/17)
* [Proverbs 19:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/19/17)
* [Proverbs 23:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/23/13)

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# divine #
## Definition: ##
The term "divine" refers to anything pertaining to God.
* Some ways this term is used include, "divine authority," "divine judgment," "divine nature," "divine power," and "divine glory."
* In one passage in the Bible, the term "divine" is used to describe something about a false deity.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate the term "divine" could include, "God's" or "from God" or "pertaining to God" or "characterized by God."
* For example, "divine authority" could be translated as "God's authority" or "authority that comes from God."
* The phrase "divine glory" could be translated as "God's glory" or "the glory that God has" or "glory that comes from God."
* Some translations may prefer to use a different word when describing something that pertains to a false god.
(See also: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [:en:obe:kt:falsegod]], [glory](../kt/glory.md), [god](../kt/god.md), [judge](../kt/judge.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Corinthians 10:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2co/10/03)
* [2 Peter 01:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2pe/01/03)
* [Romans 01:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/01/20)

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# dominion #
## Definition: ##
The term "dominion" refers to power, control, or authority over people, animals, or land.
* Jesus Christ is said to have dominion over all the earth, as prophet, priest, and king.
* Satan's dominion has been defeated forever by Jesus Christ's death on the cross.
* At creation, God said that man is to have dominion over fish, birds, and all creatures on the earth.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, other Ways to translate this term could include "authority" or "power" or "control."
* The phrase "have dominion over" could be translated as, "rule over" or "manage."
(See: [authority](../kt/authority.md), [power](../kt/power.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Peter 05:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1pe/05/10)
* [Colossians 01:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/13)
* [Jude 01:24-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jud/01/24)

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# chosen one, choose, chosen people, Chosen One, the elect #
## Definition: ##
The term, "the elect" literally means "chosen ones" or "chosen people" and refers to those whom God has appointed or selected to be his people. "Chosen One" or "Chosen One of God" is a title that refers to Jesus, who is the chosen Messiah.
* The term "choose" means to select something or someone or to decide something. It is often used to refer to God appointing people to belong to him and to serve him.
* To be "chosen" means to be "selected" or "appointed" to be or do something.
* God chose people to be holy, to be set apart by him for the purpose of bearing good spiritual fruit. That is why they are called "the chosen (ones) or "the elect."
* The term "chosen one" is sometimes used in the Bible to refer to certain people such as Moses and King David whom God had appointed as leaders over his people. It is also used to refer to the nation of Israel as God's chosen people.
* The phrase "the elect" is an older term that literally means "the chosen ones" or "the chosen people." This phrase in the original language is plural when referring to believers in Christ.
* In older English Bible versions, the term "elect" is used in both the Old and New Testaments to translate the word for "chosen one(s)." More modern versions use "elect" only in the New Testament, to refer to people who have been saved by God through faith in Jesus. Elsewhere in the Bible text, they translate this word more literally as "chosen ones."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* It is best to translate "elect" with a word or phrase that means "chosen ones" or "chosen people." These could also be translated as "people whom God chose" or "the ones God appointed to be his people."
* The phrase, "who were chosen" could also be translated as "who were appointed" or "who were selected" or "whom God chose."
* "I chose you" could be translated as, "I appointed you" or "I selected you."
* In reference to Jesus, "Chosen One" could also be translated as, "God's chosen One" or "God's specially appointed Messiah" or "the One God appointed (to save people)."
(See: [appoint](../kt/appoint.md), [christ](../kt/christ.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 John 01:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2jn/01/01)
* [Colossians 03:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/03/12)
* [Ephesians 01:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/01/03)
* [Galatians 01:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/01/15)
* [Isaiah 65:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/65/22)
* [Luke 18:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/18/06)
* [Matthew 24:19-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/24/19)
* [Romans 08:33-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/08/33)

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# endure, endurance #
## Definition: ##
The term "endure" means to last a long time or to bear something difficult with patience.
* It also means to stand firm when times of testing come, without giving up.
* The term "endurance" can mean "patience," "bearing up under a trial," or "persevering when being persecuted."
* The encouragement to Christians to "endure to the end" is telling them to obey Jesus, even if this causes them to suffer.
* To "endure suffering" can also mean to "experience suffering."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate the term "endure" could include, "persevere" or "keep believing" or "continue to do what God wants you to do" or "stand firm."
* In some contexts, "to endure" could be translated as, "to experience" or "to go through."
* With the meaning of lasting for a long time, the term "endure" could also be tranlsated as "last" or "continue." The phrase, "will not endure" could be translated as, "will not last" or "will not continue to survive."
* Ways to translate "endurance" could include, "perseverance" or "continuing to believe" or "remaining faithful."
(See also: [persevere, perseverance](../other/perseverance.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Timothy 02:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ti/02/11)
* [James 01:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/01/01)
* [James 01:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/01/12)
* [Luke 21:16-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/21/16)
* [Matthew 13:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/13/20)
* [Revelation 01:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/01/09)
* [Romans 05:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/05/03)

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# enslave, in bondage #
## Definition: ##
To "enslave" someone means to force that person to serve a master or a ruling country. To be "enslaved" or "in bondage" means to be under the control of something or someone.
* A person who is enslaved or in bondage must serve others without payment; he is not free to do what he wants.
* To "enslave" also means to take away a person's freedom.
* Another word for "bondage" is "slavery."
* In a figurative way, human beings are "enslaved" to sin until Jesus frees them from its control and power.
* When a person receives new life in Christ, he stops being a slave to sin and becomes a slave to righteousness.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "enslave" could be translated as "cause to not be free" or "force to serve others" or "put under the control of others."
* The phrase "enslaved to" or "in bondage to" could be translated as "forced to be a slave of" or "forced to serve" or "under the control of."
(See also: [free](../kt/free.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), [servant, slave, slavery](../other/servant.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Galatians 04:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/03)
* [Galatians 04:24-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/24)
* [Genesis 15:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/15/12)
* [Jeremiah 30:8-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jer/30/08)

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# everlasting, eternal, eternity #
## Definition: ##
The terms "everlasting" and "eternal" have very similar meanings and refer to something that will always exist or that lasts forever.
* The term "eternity" refers to a state of being that has no beginning or end. It can also refer to life that never ends.
* After this present life on earth, humans will spend eternity either in heaven with God or in hell apart from God.
* The terms "eternal life" and "everlasting life" are used in the New Testament to refer to living forever with God in heaven.
* The phrase "forever and ever" has the idea of time that never ends and expresses what eternity or eternal life is like.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate "eternal" or "everlasting" could include,"unending" or "never stopping" or "always continuing."
* The terms "eternal life" and "everlasting life" could also be translated as "life that never ends" or "life that continues without stopping" or "the raising up of our bodies to live forever."
* Depending on the context, different ways to translate "eternity" could include, "existing outside of time" or "unending life" or "life in heaven."
* Also consider how this word is translated in a Bible translation in a local or national language. (See: [How to Translate Unknowns](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_unknown.md))
(See also: [forever](../kt/forever.md), [life](../kt/life.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 01:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/01/01)
* [1 John 05:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/05/11)
* [Acts 13:46-47](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/13/46)
* [Genesis 17:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/17/07)
* [Genesis 48:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/48/03)
* [Isaiah 09:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/09/06)
* [Isaiah 40:27-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/40/27)
* [Luke 18:18-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/18/18)
* [Romans 05:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/05/20)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[27-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/27-01)__ One day, an expert in the Jewish law came to Jesus to test him, saying, "Teacher, what must I do to inherit __eternal life__?"
* __[28-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/28-01)__ One day, a rich young ruler came up to Jesus and asked him, "Good Teacher, what must I do to have __eternal life__?" Jesus said to him, "Why do you ask me about what is good? There is only One who is good, and that is God. But if you want to have __eternal life__, obey God's laws."
* __[28-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/28-10)__ Jesus answered, "Everyone who has left houses, brothers, sisters, father, mother, children, or property for my name's sake, will receive 100 times more and will also receive __eternal life__."

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# evangelist #
## Definition: ##
An "evangelist" is a person who tells other people the good news about Jesus Christ.
* The literal meaning of "evangelist" is "someone who preaches the good news."
* Jesus sent his apostles out to spread the good news about how to be part of God's kingdom through trusting in Jesus and his sacrifice for sin.
* All Christians are exhorted to share this good news.
* Some Christians are given a special spiritual gift to effectively tell the gospel to others. These people are said to have the gift of evangelism and are called "evangelists."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "evangelist" could be translated as, "someone who preaches the good news" or "teacher of the good news" or "person who proclaims the good news (about Jesus)" or "good news proclaimer."
(See also: [goodnews](../kt/goodnews.md), [spirit](../kt/spirit.md), [gift](../kt/gift.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Timothy 04:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ti/04/03)
* [Ephesians 04:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/04/11)

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# evil, wicked, wickedness #
## Definition: ##
The terms "evil" and "wicked" both refer to anything that is opposed to God's holy character and will.
* While "evil" may describe a person's character, "wicked" may refer more to a person's behavior. However, both terms are very similar in meaning.
* The term "wickedness" refers to the state of being that exists when people do wicked things.
* The results of evil are clearly shown in how people mistreat others by killing, stealing, slandering or being cruel and unkind.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, the terms "evil" and "wicked" can be translated as "bad" or "sinful" or "immoral"
* Other ways to translate these could include, "not good" or "not righteous" or "not moral."
* Make sure the words or phrases that are used to translate these terms fit the context that is natural in the target language.
(See also: [disobey, disobedient](../other/disobey.md), [sin, sinful, sinner](../kt/sin.md), [good, goodness](../kt/good.md), [righteous](../kt/righteous.md), demon, evil spirit, unclean spirit)
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 24:10-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/24/10)
* [1 Timothy 06:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ti/06/09)
* [3 John 01:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/3jn/01/09)
* [Genesis 02:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/02/15)
* [Genesis 06:5-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/06/05)
* [Job 01:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/01/01)
* [Job 08:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/08/19)
* [Judges 09:55-57](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jdg/09/55)
* [Luke 06:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/06/22)
* [Matthew 07:11-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/07/11)
* [Proverbs 03:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/03/07)
* [Psalms 022:16-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/022/016)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[02-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/02-04)__"God just knows that as soon as you eat it, you will be like God and will understand good and __evil__ like he does."
* __[03-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/03-01)__ After a long time, many people were living in the world. They had become very __wicked__ and violent.
* __[03-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/03-02)__ But Noah found favor with God. He was a righteous man living among __wicked__ people.
* __[04-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/04-02)__ God saw that if they all kept working together to do __evil__, they could do many more sinful things.
* __[08-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/08-12)__"You tried to do __evil__ when you sold me as a slave, but God used the __evil__ for good!"
* __[14-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/14-02)__ They (Canaanites) worshiped false gods and did many __evil__ things.
* __[17-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/17-01)__ But then he (Saul) became a __wicked__ man who did not obey God, so God chose a different man who would one day be king in his place.
* __[18-11](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/18-11)__ In the new kingdom of Israel, all the kings were __evil__.
* __[29-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/29-08)__ The king was so angry that he threw the __wicked__ servant into prison until he could pay back all of his debt.
* __[45-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/45-02)__ They said, "We heard him (Stephen) speak __evil__ things about Moses and God!"
* __[50-17](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-17)__ He (Jesus) will wipe away every tear and there will be no more suffering, sadness, crying, __evil__, pain, or death.

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# exalt, exaltation #
## Definition: ##
To exalt is to highly praise and honor someone. It can also mean to put someone in a high position.
* In the Bible, the term "exalt" is most often used for exalting God.
* When a person exalts himself, it means he is thinking about himself in a proud or arrogant way.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate "exalt" could include, "highly praise" or "honor greatly" or "extol" or "speak highly of."
* In some contexts, it could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "put in a higher position" or "give more honor to" or "talk about proudly."
* "Do not exalt yourself" could also be translated as "Do not think of yourself too highly" or "Do not brag about yourself."
* "Those that exalt themselves" could also be translated as "Those who think proudly about themselves" or "Those who boast about themselves"
(See also: [praise](../other/praise.md), [worship](../kt/worship.md), [glorify](../kt/glorify.md), [boast](../kt/boast.md), [proud](../other/proud.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Peter 05:5-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1pe/05/05)
* [2 Samuel 22:47-49](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2sa/22/47)
* [Acts 05:29-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/05/29)
* [Philippians 02:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/02/09)
* [Psalms 018:46-47](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/018/046)

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# exhort, exhortation #
## Definition: ##
The term "exhort" means to strongly encourage and urge someone to do what is right. Such encouragement is called "exhortation."
* The purpose of exhortation is to persuade other people to avoid sin and follow God's will.
* The New Testament teaches Christians to exhort each other in love, not harshly or abruptly.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, "exhort" could also be translated as "strongly urge" or "persuade" or "advise."
* Make sure the translation of this term does not imply that the exhorter is angry. The term should convey strength and seriousness, but should not refer to angry speech.
* In most contexts, the term "exhort" should be translated differently than "encourage," which means to inspire, reassure, or comfort someone.
* Ussually this term will also be translated differently from "admonish," which means to warn or correct someone for his wrong behavior.
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Thessalonians 02:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/02/03)
* [1 Thessalonians 02:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/02/10)
* [1 Timothy 05:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ti/05/01)
* [Luke 03:18-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/03/18)

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# face #
## Definition: ##
The word "face" literally refers to the front part of a person's head. This term also has several figurative meanings.
* The expression "your face" is often a figurative way of saying "you." Similarly, the expression "my face" often means, "I" or "me."
* In a physical sense, "to face" someone or something means to look in the direction of that person or thing.
* To "face each other" means to "look directly at each other."
* Being "face to face" means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.
* When Jesus "steadfastly set his face to go to Jerusalem," it means that he very firmly decided to go.
* To "set one's face against" people or a city means to firmly decide: to no longer support, or to reject that city or person.
* The expression "face of the land" refers to the surface of the earth and often is a general reference to the whole earth. For example, a "famine covering the face of the earth" refers to a widespread famine that affected many people living on earth.
* The figurative expression, "do not hide your face from your people" means "do not reject your people" or "do not desert your people" or "do not stop taking care of your people."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* If possible, it is best to keep the expression or use an expression in the project language that has a similar meaning.
* The term "to face" could be translated as "to turn toward" or "to look at directly" or "to look at the face of."
* The expression "face to face" could be translated as "up close" or "right in front of" or "in the presence of."
* Depending on the context, the expression "before his face" could be translated as, "ahead of him" or "in front of him" or "before him" or "in his presence."
* The expression, "set his face toward" could be translated as "began traveling toward" or "firmly made up his mind to go to."
* The expression, "hide his face from" could be translated as, "turn away from" or "stop helping or protecting" or "reject."
* To "set his face against" a city or people could be translated as, "look at with anger and condemn" or "refuse to accept" or "decide to reject" or "condemn and reject" or "pass judgment on."
* The expression, "say it to their face" could be translated as, "say it to them directly" or "say it to them in their presence" or "say it to them in person."
* The expression, "on the face of the land" could also be translated as, "throughout the land" or "over the whole earth" or "living throughout the earth."
## Bible References: ##
* [Deuteronomy 05:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/deu/05/04)
* [Genesis 33:9-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/33/09)

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# faith #
## Definition: ##
In general, the term "faith" refers to a belief, trust or confidence in someone or something.
* To "have faith" in someone is to believe that what he says and does is true and trustworthy.
* To "have faith in Jesus" means to believe all of God's teachings about Jesus. It especially means that people trust in Jesus and his sacrifice to cleanse them from their sin and to rescue them from the punishment they deserve because of their sin.
* True faith or belief in Jesus will cause a person to produce good spiritual fruits or behaviors because the Holy Spirit is living in him.
* Sometimes "faith" refers generally to all the teachings about Jesus, as in the expression, "the truths of the faith."
* In contexts such as "keep the faith" or "abandon the faith," the term "faith" refers to the state or condition of believing all the teachings about Jesus.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* In some contexts, "faith" can be translated as "belief" or "conviction" or "confidence" or "trust."
* For some languages these terms will be translated using forms of the verb "believe." (See: [[[[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_abstractnouns]]]])
* The expression, "keep the faith" could be translated by, "keep believing in Jesus" or "continue to believe in Jesus."
* The sentence, "they must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith" could be translated by, "they must keep believing all the true things about Jesus that they have been taught."
* The expression, "my true son in the faith" could be translated by something like, "who is like a son to me because I taught him to believe in Jesus" or "my true spiritual son, who believes in Jesus."
(See also: [believe](../kt/believe.md), [faithful](../kt/faithful.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Timothy 04:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ti/04/06)
* [Acts 06:7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/06/07)
* [Galatians 02:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/02/20)
* [James 02:18-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/02/18)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[05-06](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/05-06)__ When Isaac was a young man, God tested Abraham's __faith__ by saying, "Take Isaac, your only son, and kill him as a sacrifice to me."
* __[31-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/31-07)__ Then he (Jesus) said to Peter, "You man of little __faith__, why did you doubt?"
* __[32-16](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/32-16)__ Jesus said to her, "Your __faith__ has healed you. Go in peace."
* __[38-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-09)__ Then Jesus said to Peter, "Satan wants to have all of you, but I have prayed for you, Peter, that your __faith__ will not fail.

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# faithful, faithfulness #
## Definition: ##
To be "faithful" to God means to consistently live according to God's teachings. It means to be loyal to him by obeying him.The state or condition of being faithful is "faithfulness."
* A person who is faithful can be trusted to always keep his promises and to always fulfill his responsibilities to other people.
* A faithful person perseveres in doing a task, even when it is long and difficult.
* Faithfulness to God is the consistent practice of doing what God wants us to do.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* In many contexts, "faithful" can be translated as "loyal" or "dedicated" or "dependable."
* In other contexts, "faithful" can be translated by a word or phrase that means, "continuing to believe" or "persevering in believing and obeying God."
* Ways that "faithfulness" could be translated could include, "persevering in believing" or "loyalty" or "trustworthiness" or "believing and obeying God."
(See also: [faith](../kt/faith.md), [believe, believe in, belief](../kt/believe.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 02:9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/02/09)
* [1 Thessalonians 05:23-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1th/05/23)
* [3 John 01:5-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/3jn/01/05)
* [Colossians 01:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/07)
* [Genesis 24:49](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/24/49)
* [Isaiah 01:26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/01/26)
* [Joshua 02:14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/02/14)
* [Luke 16:10-12](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/16/10)
* [Numbers 12:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/12/06)
* [Proverbs 11:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/11/12)
* [Psalm 012:1](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/012/001)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[08-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/08-05)__ Even in prison, Joseph remained __faithful__ to God, and God blessed him.
* __[14-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/14-12)__ Even so, God was still __faithful__ to His promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
* __[15-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/15-13)__ The people promised to remain __faithful__ to God and follow his laws.
* __[17-09](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/17-09)__ David ruled with justice and __faithfulness__ for many years, and God blessed him. However, toward the end of his life he sinned terribly against God.
* __[18-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/18-04)__ God was angry with Solomon and, as a punishment for Solomon's __unfaithfulness__, he promised to divide the nation of Israel into two kingdoms after Solomon's death.
* __[35-12](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/35-12)__"The older son said to his father, 'All these years I have worked __faithfully__ for you!"
* __[49-17](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/49-17)__ But God is __faithful__ and says that if you confess your sins, he will forgive you.
* __[50-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/50-04)__ If you remain __faithful__ to me to the end, then God will save you."

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# faithless, faithlessness #
## Definition: ##
The term "faithless" means to not have faith or to not believe.
* This word is used to describe people who do not believe in God, which is seen by the immoral way they act.
* The prophet Jeremiah accused Israel of being faithless and disobedient to God.
* They worshiped idols and followed other ungodly customs of people groups who did not worship or obey God.
## Translation Suggestions ##
* Depending on the context, the term "faithless" could be translated as "unfaithful" or "unbelieving" or "disobedient to God" or "not believing."
* The term "faithlessness" could be translated as "unbelief" or "unfaithfulness" or "rebellion against God."
(See: [How to Translate Names](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/translate_names.md))
(See also: [unbeliever](../kt/unbeliever.md), [unfaithful](../kt/unfaithful.md), [disobey](../other/disobey.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Ezekiel 43:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezk/43/06)
* [Ezra 09:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ezr/09/01)
* [Jeremiah 02:18-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jer/02/18)
* [Proverbs 02:20-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/02/20)
* [Revelation 21:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/21/07)

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# false god, foreign god, god, goddess #
## Definition: ##
A false god is something that people worship instead of the one true God. The term "goddess" refers specifically to a female false god.
* These false gods or goddesses do not exist. Yahweh is the only God.
* People sometimes make objects into idols to worship as symbols of their false gods.
* In the Bible, God's people frequently turned away from obeying him in order to worship false gods.
* Demons often deceive people into believing that the false gods and idols they worship have power.
* Baal, Dagon, and Molech were three of the many false gods that were worshiped by people in Bible times.
* Asherah and Artemis (Diana) were two of the goddesses that ancient peoples worshiped.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* There may already be a word for "god" or "false god" in the language or in a nearby language.
* The term "idol" could be used to refer to false gods.
* In English, a lower case "g" is used to refer to false gods, and upper case "G" is used to refer to the one true God. Other languages also do that.
* Another option would be to use a completely different word to refer to the false gods.
* Some languages may add a word to specify whether the false god is described as male or female.
(See also: [god](../kt/god.md), [asherim](../other/asherim.md), [baal](../other/baal.md), [molech](../other/molech.md), [idol](../other/idol.md), [demon](../kt/demon.md), [image](../other/image.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 07:43](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/07/43)
* [Acts 19:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/19/26)
* [Galatians 04:8-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/08)
* [Genesis 35:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/35/01)
* [Isaiah 44:20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/44/20)
* [Psalms 081:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/081/008)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[10-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/10-02)__ Through these plagues, God showed Pharaoh that he is more powerful than Pharaoh and all of Egypt's __gods__.
* __[13-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/13-04)__ Then God gave them the covenant and said, "I am Yahweh, your God, who saved you from slavery in Egypt. Do not worship other __gods__."
* __[14-02](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/14-02)__ They (Canaanites) worshiped false __gods__ and did many evil things.
* __[16-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/16-01)__ The Israelites began to worship the Canaanite __gods__ instead of Yahweh, the true God.
* __[18-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/18-13)__ But most of Judah's kings were evil, corrupt, and they worshiped idols. Some of the kings even sacrificed their children to false __gods__.

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# favor, favorable, favoritism #
## Definition: ##
The term "favor" refers to doing something to benefit someone who is regarded positively. Something that is "favorable" is positive, approving, or beneficial.
* The term "favoritism" means to act favorably toward some people but not others. Often favoritism is The term "favoritism" means acting favorably toward some people, but not others. shown toward people who are rich or are considered
* Jesus grew up "in favor with" God and men. This means they approved of his character and behavior.
* The expression "find favor" means that someone is approved of by someone else.
* When a king shows favor to someone, it often means that he approves of that person's request and grants it.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate the term "favor" could include, "blessing" or "benefit."
* The "favorable year of Yahweh" could be translated as, "the year (or time) when Yahweh will bring great blessing."
* The term "favoritism" could be translated as, "partiality" or "being prejudiced" or "unjust treatment." This word is related to the word "favorite" which means "the one who is preferred or loved best."
"find favor"
"increased in favor"
"won the favor of"
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Samuel 02:25-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1sa/02/25)
* [2 Chronicles 19:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ch/19/06)
* [2 Corinthians 01:11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2co/01/11)
* [Acts 24:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/24/26)
* [Genesis 41:14-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/41/14)
* [Genesis 47:25-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/47/25)
* [Genesis 50:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/50/04)

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# fear, afraid, fear of Yahweh #
## Definition: ##
The terms "fear" and "afraid" refer to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
* The term "fear" can also refer to a deep respect and awe for a person in authority.
* The phrase "fear of Yahweh," and related terms "fear of God" and "fear of the Lord," refer to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him. This fear is motivated by knowing that God is holy and hates sin.
* The Bible teaches that a person who fears Yahweh will become wise.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, "to fear" can be translated as "to be afraid" or "to deeply respect" or "to revere" or "to be in awe of."
* The term "afraid" could be translated as "terrified" or "scared" or "fearful."
* The sentence, "The fear of God fell on all of them" could be translated as, "Suddenly they all felt a deep awe and respect for God" or "Immediately, they all felt very amazed and revered God deeply" or "Right then, they all felt very afraid of God (because of his great power)."
* The phrase "fear not" could also be translated as, "do not be afraid" or "stop being afraid."
* Note that the phrase "fear of Yahweh" does not occur in the New Testament. The phrase "fear of the Lord" or "fear of the Lord God" would be used instead.
(See also: [amazed](../other/amazed.md), [awe](../other/awe.md), [lordgod](../kt/lordgod.md), [power](../kt/power.md), [yahweh](../kt/yahweh.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 04:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/04/17)
* [Acts 02:43-45](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/43)
* [Acts 19:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/19/15)
* [Genesis 50:18-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/50/18)
* [Isaiah 11:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/11/03)
* [Job 06:14-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/06/14)
* [Jonah 01:8-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jon/01/08)
* [Luke 12:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/12/04)
* [Matthew 10:28-31](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/10/28)
* [Proverbs 10:24-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/10/24)

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# fellowship #
## Definition: ##
In general, the term "fellowship" refers to friendly interactions between members of a group of people who share similar interests and experiences.
* In the Bible, the term "fellowship" usually refers to the unity of believers in Christ.
* Christian fellowship is a shared relationship that believers have with one another through their relationship with Christ and the Holy Spirit.
* The early Christians expressed their fellowship through listening to the teaching of God's Word and praying together, through the sharing of their belongings, and eating meals together.
* Christians also have fellowship with God through their faith in Jesus and his sacrificial death on the cross which removed the barrier between God and people.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Ways to translate "fellowship" could include, "a sharing together" or "relationship" or "companionship" or "Christian community."
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 01:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/01/03)
* [Acts 02:40-42](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/02/40)
* [Philippians 01:3-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/01/03)
* [Philippians 02:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/02/01)
* [Philippians 03:8-11](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/php/03/08)
* [Psalms 055:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/055/012)

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# filled with the Spirit #
## Definition: ##
The term "filled with the Spirit" is a figurative expression that means that the Holy Spirit is empowering a person to do God's will.
* The expression "filled with" is an expression that often means "controlled by."
* People are "filled with the Spirit" when they follow the Holy Spirit's leading and completely rely on him to help them do what God wants.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could be translated as, "empowered by the Holy Spirit" or "controlled by the Holy Spirit." But it should not sound as though the Holy Spirit is forcing the person to do something.
* A sentence such as "he was filled with the Spirit" could be translated as, "he was living fully by the Spirit's power" or "he was completely guided by the Holy Spirit" or "the Holy Spirit was guiding him completely."
* This term is similar in meaning to the expression "live by the Spirit," but "filled with the Spirit" emphasizes the completeness with which a person allows the Holy Spirit to have control or influence over his life. So these two expressions should be translated differently, if possible.
(See also: [Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord](../kt/holyspirit.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 04:29-31](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/04/29)
* [Acts 05:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/05/17)
* [Acts 06:8-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/06/08)
* [Luke 01:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/01/14)
* [Luke 01:39-41](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/01/39)
* [Luke 04:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/04/01)

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# firstborn #
## Definition: ##
The term "firstborn" refers to an offspring of people or animals that is born first, before the other offspring are born. Usually the firstborn
* In the Bible, "firstborn" usually refers to the first male offspring that is born.
* In Bible times, the firstborn son was given a place of prominence and twice as much of his family inheritance as the other sons.
* Often it was the firstborn male of an animal that was sacrificed to God.
* This concept can also be used figuratively. For example, the nation of Israel is called God's firstborn son because God gave it special privileges over other nations.
* Jesus, the Son of God is called God's firstborn because of his importance and authority over everyone else.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* When "firstborn" occurs in the text alone, it could also be translated as "firstborn male" or "firstborn son," since that is what is implied. (See: [Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information](https://git.door43.org/Door43/en-ta-translate-vol1/src/master/content/figs_explicit.md))
* Other ways to translate this term could include, "the son who was born first" or "the eldest son" or "the number one son."
* When used figuratively to refer to Jesus, this could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "the son who has authority over everything" or "the Son who is first in honor."
* Caution: Make sure the translation of this term in reference to Jesus does not imply that he was created.
(See: [inherit](../kt/inherit.md), [sacrifice](../other/sacrifice.md), [son](../kt/son.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Colossians 01:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/01/15)
* [Genesis 04:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/04/03)
* [Genesis 29:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/29/26)
* [Genesis 43:32-34](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/43/32)
* [Luke 02:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/02/06)
* [Revelation 01:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/01/04)

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# firstfruits #
## Definition: ##
The term "first fruits" refers to a portion of the first crop of fruits and vegetables that was reaped during each harvest season.
* The Israelites offered these first fruits to God as a sacrificial offering.
* This term is also used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a firstborn son as being the first fruits of the family. That is, because he was the first son to be born into that family, he was the one who carried on the family name and honor.
* Because Jesus rose from the dead, he is called the "first fruits" of all believers in him who have died but who will some day come back to life.
* Believers in Jesus are also called the "first fruits" of all creation, indicating the special privilege and position of those whom Jesus redeemed and called to be his people.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The literal use of this term could be translated as "first portion (of crops)" or "first part of the harvest."
* If possible, the figurative uses should be translated literally, to allow for different meanings in different contexts. This will also show the correlation between the literal meaning and the figurative uses.
(See also: [firstborn](../kt/firstborn.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [2 Chronicles 31:4-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2ch/31/04)
* [2 Thessalonians 02:13-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2th/02/13)
* [Exodus 23:16-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/23/16)
* [James 01:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jas/01/17)
* [Jeremiah 02:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jer/02/01)
* [Psalms 105:34-36](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/105/034)

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# flesh #
## Definition: ##
In the Bible, the term "flesh" literally refers to the soft tissue of the physical body of a human being or animal.
* The Bible also uses the term "flesh" in a figurative way to refer to all human beings or all living creatures.
* In the New Testament, the term "flesh" is used to refer to the sinful nature of human beings. This is often used in contrast to their spiritual nature.
* The expression, "own flesh and blood" refers to someone who is biologically related to another person, such as a parent, sibling, child, or grandchild.
* The expression "flesh and blood" can also refer to a person's ancestors or descendants.
* The expression, "one flesh" refers to the physical uniting of a man and woman in marriage.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* In the context of an animal's body, "flesh" could be translated as "body" or "skin" or "meat."
* When it is used to refer generally to all living creatures, this term could be translated as "living beings" or "everything that is alive."
* When referring in general to all people, this term could be translated as "people" or "human beings" or "everyone who lives."
* The expression, "flesh and blood" could also be translated as "relatives" or "family" or "kinfolk" or "family clan." There may be contexts where it could be translated as "ancestors" or "descendants."
* Some languages may have an expression that is similar in meaning to "flesh and blood."
* The expression, "become one flesh" could be translated as, "unite sexually" or "become as one body" or "become like one person in body and spirit." The translation of this expression should be checked to make sure it is acceptable in the project language and culture. (See: [[:en:ta:vol2:translate:figs_euphemism]]). It should also be understood that this is figurative, and does not mean that the man and woman literally become one person.
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 02:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/15)
* [2 John 01:7-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2jn/01/07)
* [Ephesians 06:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/06/12)
* [Galatians 01:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/01/15)
* [Genesis 02:24-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/02/24)
* [John 01:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jhn/01/14)
* [Matthew 16:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/16/17)
* [Romans 08:6-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/08/06)

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# fool, foolish, folly #
## Definition: ##
The term "fool" refers to a person who often makes wrong choices, especially choosing to disobey. The term "foolish" describes a person or behavior that is not wise.
* In the Bible, the term "fool" usually refers to a person who does not believe or obey God. This is often contrasted to the wise person, who trusts in God and obeys God.
* In the Psalms, David describes a fool as a person who does not believe in God, who ignores all the evidence of God in his creation.
* The Old Testament book of Proverbs also gives many descriptions of what a fool, or foolish person, is like.
* The term "folly" refers to an action that is not wise because it is against God's will. Often "folly" also includes the meaning of something that is ridiculous or dangerous.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "fool" could be translated as, "foolish person" or "unwise person" or "senseless person" or "ungodly person."
* Ways to translate "foolish" could include, "lacking understanding" or "unwise" or "senseless."
(See also: [wise](../kt/wise.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Ecclesiastes 01:16-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/ecc/01/16)
* [Ephesians 05:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/05/15)
* [Galatians 03:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/03/01)
* [Genesis 31:26-28](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/31/26)
* [Matthew 07:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/07/26)
* [Matthew 25:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/25/07)
* [Proverbs 13:15-16](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/13/15)
* [Psalms 049:12-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/049/012)

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# foreknew, foreknowledge #
## Definition: ##
The terms "foreknew" and "foreknowledge" come from the verb, "foreknow" which means to know something before it happens.
* God is not limited by time. He knows everything that happens in the past, present, and future.
* This word is often used in the context of God knowing already who will be saved through receiving Jesus as Savior.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "foreknew" could also be translated as, "knew before" or "knew ahead of time" or "knew beforehand" or "already knew."
* The term "foreknowledge" could be translated as, "knowing before" or "knowing ahead of time" or "already knowing" or "knowing in advance."
(See also: [know](../other/know.md), [predestine](../kt/predestine.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Romans 08:28-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/08/28)
* [Romans 11:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/11/01)

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# forever #
## Definition: ##
In the Bible, the term "forever" refers to never-ending time. Sometimes it is used figuratively to mean, "a very long time."
* The term "forever and ever" emphasizes that something will always exist.
* The phrase "forever and ever" is a way of expressing what eternity or eternal life is. It also has the idea of time that never ends.
* God said that David's throne would last "forever." This is referring to the fact that David's descendant Jesus will reign as king forever.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* This term could also be translated by "always" or "never ending."
* The phrase, "will last forever" could also be translated as "always exist" or "will never stop" or "will always continue."
* The emphatic phrase, "forever and ever" could also be translated as, "for always and always" or "not ever ending" or "which never, ever ends."
* David's throne lasting forever could be translated as, "David's descendant will reign forever" or "a descendant of mine will always be reigning."
(See also: [david](../other/david.md), [everlasting, eternal, eternity](../kt/eternity.md), [reign](../other/reign.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 02:32-33](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/02/32)
* [2 Samuel 03:28-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/2sa/03/28)
* [Daniel 07:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/dan/07/17)
* [Exodus 15:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/exo/15/17)
* [Hebrews 06:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/heb/06/19)
* [Hebrews 10:11-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/heb/10/11)
* [Job 04:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/job/04/20)
* [Psalms 021:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/021/003)
* [Revelation 01:4-6](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/01/04)
* [Revelation 22:3-5](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rev/22/03)

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# forgive, forgiveness #
## Definition: ##
To forgive someone means to not hold a grudge against a person who did something hurtful. "Forgiveness" is the act of forgiving someone.
* Forgiving someone often means not punishing that person for something he has done wrong.
* This term can be used figuratively to mean, "cancel" as in the expression, "forgive a debt."
* When people confess their sins, God forgives them based on Jesus' sacrificial death on the cross.
* Jesus taught his disciples to forgive others as he has forgiven them.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, "forgive" could be translated as, "pardon" or "cancel" or "release" or "not hold against" (someone).
* The term "forgiveness" could be translated by a word or phrase that means, "practice of not resenting" or "declaring (someone) as not guilty" or "the act of pardoning."
(See: [guilt](../kt/guilt.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 John 02:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1jn/02/12)
* [Acts 08:20-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/08/20)
* [Colossians 03:12-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/03/12)
* [Ephesians 04:31-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/04/31)
* [Genesis 50:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/50/15)
* [Isaiah 55:6-7](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/55/06)
* [Joshua 24:19-20](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/24/19)
* [Luke 05:20-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/05/20)
* [Numbers 14:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/num/14/17)
* [Psalms 025:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/025/017)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[07-10](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/07-10)__ But Esau had already __forgiven__ Jacob, and they were happy to see each other again.
* __[13-15](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/13-15)__ Then Moses climbed the mountain again and prayed that God would __forgive__ the people. God listened to Moses and __forgave__ them.
* __[17-13](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/17-13)__ David repented of his sin and God __forgave__ him.
* __[21-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/21-05)__ In the New Covenant, God would write his law on the people's hearts, the people would know God personally, they would be his people, and God would __forgive__ their sins.
* __[29-01](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/29-01)__ One day Peter asked Jesus, "Master, how many times should I __forgive__ my brother when he sins against me?"
* __[29-08](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/29-08)__ I __forgave__ your debt because you begged me.
* __[38-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/38-05)__ Then Jesus took a cup and said, "Drink this. It is my blood of the New Covenant that is poured out for the __forgiveness__ of sins.

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# sexual immorality #
## Definition: ##
The term "sexual immorality" refers to sexual activity that takes place outside the marriage relationship of a man and a woman. This is against God's plan. Older English Bible versions call this "fornication."
* This term can refer to any kind of sexual activity that is against God's will, including homosexual acts and pornography.
* One type of sexual immorality is adultery, which is sexual activity specifically between a married person and someone who is not that person's spouse.
* Another type of sexual immorality is "prostitution," which involves being paid to have sex with someone.
* This term is also used figuratively to refer to Israel's unfaithfulness to God when they worshiped false gods.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "sexual immorality" could be translated as "immorality" as long as the correct meaning of the term is understood.
* Other ways to translate this term could include, "wrong sexual acts" or "sex outside of marriage."
* This term should be translated in a different way from the term "adultery."
* The translation of this term's figurative uses should retain the literal term if possible since there is a common comparison in the Bible between unfaithfulness to God and unfaithfulness in the sexual relationship.
(See also: [adultery, adulterer](../kt/adultery.md), [false god, god](../kt/falsegod.md), [prostitute, harlot](../other/prostitute.md), [unfaithful](../kt/unfaithful.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 15:19-21](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/15/19)
* [Acts 21:25-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/21/25)
* [Colossians 03:5-8](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/col/03/05)
* [Ephesians 05:3-4](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/eph/05/03)
* [Genesis 38:24-26](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/38/24)
* [Hosea 04:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/hos/04/13)
* [Matthew 05:31-32](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/05/31)
* [Matthew 19:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/19/07)

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# forsake, forsaken, forsook #
## Definition: ##
The term "forsake" means to abandon someone or to give up something. Someone who has been "forsaken" has been deserted or abandoned by someone else.
* When people "forsake" God, it means they are being unfaithful to him by disobeying him.
* When God "forsakes" people, it means he has stopped helping them and allowed them to experience suffering in order to cause them to turn back to him.
* This term can also mean to forsake things, such as forsaking, or not following God's teachings.
* The term "forsaken" can be used as past tense as in "he has forsaken you" or to refer to someone who has "been forsaken."
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Other ways to translate this term could include, "abandon" or "neglect" or "give up" or "go away from" or "leave behind," depending on the context.
* To "forsake" God's law could be translated "disobey God's law." This could also be translated as "abandon" or "give up on" or "stop obeying" his teachings or his laws.
* The phrase "be forsaken" can be translated as "be abandoned" or "be deserted."
* The project language may find it more clear to use different words to translate this term, depending on whether the text is talking about forsaking a thing or a person.
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 06:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/06/11)
* [Daniel 11:29-30](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/dan/11/29)
* [Genesis 24:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/24/26)
* [Joshua 24:16-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/jos/24/16)
* [Matthew 27:45-47](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/27/45)
* [Proverbs 27:9-10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/pro/27/09)
* [Psalms 071:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/071/017)

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# free, freedom, liberty #
## Definition: ##
The terms "free" or "freedom" refer to not being in slavery, or any other kind of bondage. Another word for "freedom" is "liberty."
* The expression, "to set someone free" or "to free someone" means to provide a way for someone to no longer be in slavery or captivity.
* In the Bible, these terms are often used figuratively to refer to how a believer in Jesus is no longer under the power of sin.
* Having "liberty" or "freedom" can also refer to no longer being required to obey the Law of Moses, but instead being free to live by the teachings and guidance of the Holy Spirit.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* The term "free" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "not bound" or "not enslaved" or "not in slavery" or "not in bondage."
* The term "freedom" or "liberty" could be translated with a word or phrase that means, "the state of being free" or "the condition of not being a slave" or "not being bound."
* The expression "to set free" could be translated as "to cause to be free" or "to rescue from slavery" or "to release from bondage."
* A person who has been "set free" has been "released" or "taken out of" bondage or slavery.
(See also: [bond](../kt/bond.md), [enslave](../kt/enslave.md), [servant](../other/servant.md), )
## Bible References: ##
* [Galatians 04:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/04/26)
* [Galatians 05:1-2](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/05/01)
* [Isaiah 61:1](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/isa/61/01)
* [Leviticus 25:10](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/25/10)
* [Romans 06:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/rom/06/17)

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# fruit, fruitful #
## Definition: ##
The term "fruit" literally refers to the part of a plant that can be eaten. Something that is "fruitful" has a lot of fruit. These terms are also used figuratively in the Bible.
* The Bible often uses "fruit" to refer to a person's actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person's words and actions reveal what his character is like.
* A person can produce good or bad spiritual fruit, but the term "fruitful" always has the positive meaning of producing much good fruit.
* The term "fruitful" is also used figuratively to mean "prosperous." This often refers to having many children and descendants, as well as having plenty of food and other wealth.
* In general, the expression "fruit of" refers to anything that comes from or that is produced by something else. For example, the "fruit of wisdom" refers to the good things that come from being wise.
* The expression "fruit of the land" refers generally to everything that the land produces for people to eat. This includes not only fruits such as grapes or dates, but also vegetables, nuts, and grains.
* The figurative expression "fruit of the Spirit" refers to godly qualities that the Holy Spirit produces in the lives of people who obey him.
* The expression, "fruit of the womb" refers to "what the womb produces," that is, children.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* It is best to translate this term using the general word for "fruit" that is commonly used in the project language to refer to the edible fruit of a fruit tree. In many languages it may be more natural to use the plural
* , "fruits" whenever it refers to more than one fruit.
* Depending on the context, the term "fruitful" could be translated as "producing much spiritual fruit" or "having many children" or "prosperous."
* The expression, "fruit of the land" could also be translated as, "food that the land produces" or "food crops that are growing in that region."
* When God created animals and people, he commanded them to "be fruitful and multiply," which refers to having many offspring. This could also be translated as, "have many offspring" or "have many children and descendants" or "have many children so that you will have many descendants."
* The expression, "fruit of the womb" could be translated as "what the womb produces" or "children a women gives birth to" or just "children." When Elisabeth says to Mary, "blessed is the fruit of your womb" she means, "blessed is the child you will give birth to." The project language may also have a different expression for this.
* Another expression, "fruit of the vine" could be translated as "vine fruit" or "grapes."
* Depending on the context, the expression "will be more fruitful" could also be translated as, "will produce more fruit" or "will have more children" or "will be prosperous."
* The apostle Paul's expression, "fruitful labor" could be translated as, "work that brings very good results" or "efforts that result in many people believing in Jesus."
* The "fruit of the Spirit" could also be translated as "works that the Holy Spirit produces" or "words and actions that show that the Holy Spirit is working in you."
(See also: [descendant](../other/descendant.md), [grain](../other/grain.md), [grape](../other/grape.md)[Holy Spirit, Spirit of God, Spirit of the Lord](../kt/holyspirit.md), [vine](../other/vine.md), [womb](../other/womb.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [Galatians 05:22-24](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gal/05/22)
* [Genesis 01:11-13](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/01/11)
* [Luke 08:14-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/08/14)
* [Matthew 03:7-9](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/03/07)
* [Matthew 07:15-17](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/07/15)

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# fulfill #
## Definition: ##
The term "fulfill" means to complete or accomplish something that was expected.
* When a prophecy is fulfilled, it means that God causes to happen what was predicted in the prophecy.
* If a person fulfills a promise or a vow, it means that he does what he has promised to do.
* To fulfill a responsibility means to do the task that was assigned or required.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, "fulfill" could be translated as "accomplish" or "complete" or "cause to happen" or "obey" or "perform."
* The phrase "has been fulfilled" could also be translated as, "has come true" or "has happened" or "has taken place."
* Ways to translate "fulfill" as in "fulfill your ministry" could include, "complete" or "perform" or "practice" or "serve other people as God has called you to do."
(See also: [prophet](../kt/prophet.md), [christ](../kt/christ.md), [minister](../kt/minister.md), [call](../kt/call.md))
## Bible References: ##
* [1 Kings 02:26-27](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/1ki/02/26)
* [Acts 03:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/03/17)
* [Leviticus 22:17-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/lev/22/17)
* [Luke 04:20-22](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/luk/04/20)
* [Matthew 01:22-23](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/01/22)
* [Matthew 05:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/05/17)
* [Psalms 116:12-15](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/psa/116/012)
## Examples from the Bible stories: ##
* __[24-04](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/24-04)__ John __fulfilled__ what the prophets said, "See I send my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way."
* __[40-03](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/40-03)__ The soldiers gambled for Jesus' clothing. When they did this, they __fulfilled__ a prophecy that said, "They divided my garments among them, and gambled for my clothing."
* __[42-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/42-07)__ Jesus said, "I told you that everything written about me in God's word must be __fulfilled__."
* __[43-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-05)__"This __fulfills__ the prophecy made by the prophet Joel in which God said, 'In the last days, I will pour out my Spirit.'"
* __[43-07](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/43-07)__"This __fulfills__ the prophecy which says, 'You will not let your Holy One rot in the grave.'"
* __[44-05](https://door43.org/en/obs/notes/frames/44-05)__"Although you did not understand what you were doing, God used your actions to __fulfill__ the prophecies that the Messiah would suffer and die."

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# gate, gate bar #
## Definition: ##
A "gate" is a hinged barrier at an access point in a fence or wall that surrounds a house or city. The "gate bar" refers to a wooden or metal bar that can be moved into place to lock the gate.
* A city gate could be opened to allow people, animals, and cargo to travel in and out of the city.
* To protect the city, its walls and gates were thick and strong. Gates were closed and locked with a metal or wooden bar to prevent enemy soldiers from entering the city.
* A city gate was often the news and social center of a village. It was also where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun. Citizens found it pleasant to sit in the shade to conduct their business and even to judge legal cases.
## Translation Suggestions: ##
* Depending on the context, other ways to translate "gate" could be, "door" or "wall opening" or "barrier" or "entranceway."
* The phrase, "bars of the gate" could be translated as, "gate bolts" or "wooden beams to lock the gate" or "metal locking rods of the gate."
## Bible References: ##
* [Acts 09:23-25](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/09/23)
* [Acts 10:17-18](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/act/10/17)
* [Deuteronomy 21:18-19](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/deu/21/18)
* [Genesis 19:1-3](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/19/01)
* [Genesis 24:59-60](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/gen/24/59)
* [Matthew 07:13-14](https://door43.org/en/bible/notes/mat/07/13)

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