diff --git a/act/10/01.md b/act/10/01.md index eb5a6d6692..6f3dbaea8c 100644 --- a/act/10/01.md +++ b/act/10/01.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -These verses give background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) +The writer begins to give background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) # Connecting Statement: @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This is the beginning of the part of the story about Cornelius. This was a way of introducing a new person to this part of the historical account. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]]) -# Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment +# from Caesarea, Cornelius by name, a centurion of what was called the Italian Regiment -"his name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army. +"from Caesarea whose name was Cornelius. He was an officer in charge of 100 soldiers from the Italian section of the Roman army" diff --git a/act/10/02.md b/act/10/02.md index 7c4d1ea136..c5b48cd7f7 100644 --- a/act/10/02.md +++ b/act/10/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ -# He was a devout man, one who worshiped God +# General Information: -"He believed in God and sought to honor and worship God in his life" +The writer finishes giving background information about Cornelius. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]]) + +# a devout man + +a man who wanted to do what God expected of him # worshiped God diff --git a/act/10/03.md b/act/10/03.md index bc272ea990..b382c374d1 100644 --- a/act/10/03.md +++ b/act/10/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the ninth hour -"three o'clock in the afternoon." This is the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. +"three o'clock in the afternoon." This was the normal afternoon prayer time for Jews. # he clearly saw diff --git a/act/10/04.md b/act/10/04.md index dc947020f0..4944de57f0 100644 --- a/act/10/04.md +++ b/act/10/04.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -# Your prayers and your gifts ... a memorial offering into God's presence +# Your prayers ... poor have gone up ... into God's presence -It is implied that his gifts and prayers had been accepted by God. Alternate translation: "God is pleased by your prayers and your gifts ... a memorial offering to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that his gifts and prayers had been accepted by God. Alternate translation: "God is pleased by your prayers ... poor. They have gone up ... to him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/act/10/07.md b/act/10/07.md index bbd5edb05c..f0f7571834 100644 --- a/act/10/07.md +++ b/act/10/07.md @@ -2,11 +2,6 @@ "When Cornelius' vision of the angel had ended." -# a devout soldier from among those who served him - -"one of the soldiers who served him, who also worshiped God." This soldier worshiped God. That was rare in the Roman army, so Cornelius' other soldiers probably did not worship God. - -# devout - -An adjective to describe a person who worshiped God and served him. +# a devout soldier +a soldier who wanted to do what God expected of him. See how you translated "devout" in [verse 2](./02.md). diff --git a/act/10/12.md b/act/10/12.md index 8833c4c82b..d7a6547cd0 100644 --- a/act/10/12.md +++ b/act/10/12.md @@ -1,4 +1,3 @@ -# all kinds of four-footed animals ... birds of the sky - -From Peter's response in the next verse, it can be implied that the law of Moses commanded the Jews not to eat some of them. Alternate translation: "animals and birds that the Mosaic laws forbade Jews to eat" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +# General Information: +This page has intentionally been left blank. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/14.md b/act/10/14.md index 321e0bff08..767575f1ec 100644 --- a/act/10/14.md +++ b/act/10/14.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ # I have never eaten anything that was defiled and unclean -It is implied that some the animals in the container were unclean as defined by the law of Moses and were not to be eaten by believers who lived before Christ died. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +It is implied that some of the "four-footed animals and things that crawled on the earth, and birds of the sky" ([verse 12](./12.md)) were animals that the law of Moses prohibited God's people from eating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/act/10/16.md b/act/10/16.md index 0dc2c16c58..31a0c94a49 100644 --- a/act/10/16.md +++ b/act/10/16.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ +# ULB issue 1810 + # This happened three times -It is not likely that everything Peter saw happened three times. This probably means that the phrase, "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled," was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say "This happened three times" instead of trying to explain in detail. +Possible meanings are 1) Peter heard the words "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled" three times or 2) a total of three times the sheet came down from heaven and Peter heard and responded to the voice. It would be best to translate without adding information here. diff --git a/act/10/17.md b/act/10/17.md index 4f0f247e54..61ad6bc707 100644 --- a/act/10/17.md +++ b/act/10/17.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ The word "behold" here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information # stood before the gate -"stood before the gate to the house." It is implied that this house had a wall with a gate in it to enter the property. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +"stood before the gate to the house." It is implied that this house had a wall with a gate one would use to enter the property. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # after they had asked their way to the house diff --git a/act/10/22.md b/act/10/22.md index 151979cbda..14489d504c 100644 --- a/act/10/22.md +++ b/act/10/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The words "They" and "them" here refer to the two servants and the soldier from Cornelius ([Acts 10:7](../10/07.md)). +The word "They" here refer to the two servants and the soldier from Cornelius ([Acts 10:7](../10/07.md)). # A centurion named Cornelius ... listen to a message from you diff --git a/act/10/23.md b/act/10/23.md index 4e4561d2b0..b8d3d88809 100644 --- a/act/10/23.md +++ b/act/10/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "them" here refer to the two servants and the soldier from Cornelius ([Acts 10:7](../10/07.md)). + # So Peter invited them to come in and stay with him The journey to Caesarea was too long for them to begin that afternoon. diff --git a/act/10/25.md b/act/10/25.md index 2b2c395a31..03e5342b13 100644 --- a/act/10/25.md +++ b/act/10/25.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ # fell down -He purposely lies down facing the ground to show that he is worshiping. +He purposely did this to show that he was worshiping. diff --git a/act/10/26.md b/act/10/26.md index 9a5ac5b69c..9c7da60353 100644 --- a/act/10/26.md +++ b/act/10/26.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Stand up! I too am a man -This was a mild rebuke or correction to Cornelius not to worship Peter. Alternate translation: "Stop doing that! I am only a man, as you are" +Peter was rebuking Cornelius mildly for worshiping Peter. Alternate translation: "Do not worship me! I am only a man, as you are" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/act/10/27.md b/act/10/27.md index 307c9ae7f7..43626f9b47 100644 --- a/act/10/27.md +++ b/act/10/27.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The word "him" here refers to Cornelius. Here the words "You" and "you" are plural and include Cornelius as well as the Gentiles who were present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) +The word "him" here refers to Cornelius, and "he" refers to Peter. # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/act/10/28.md b/act/10/28.md index c65d3169ba..7273255fc7 100644 --- a/act/10/28.md +++ b/act/10/28.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# You yourselves know +# General Information: -Peter is addressing Cornelius and his invited guests. +Here the words "You" and "yourselves" include Cornelius as well as the Gentiles who were present and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # it is not lawful for a Jewish man diff --git a/act/10/29.md b/act/10/29.md index 9263d29bc0..ee70f314b5 100644 --- a/act/10/29.md +++ b/act/10/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ # General Information: -This page has intentionally been left blank. +Here both instances of "you" include Cornelius as well as the Gentiles who were present and so are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + diff --git a/act/10/33.md b/act/10/33.md index 38fea181d3..a1a55e4194 100644 --- a/act/10/33.md +++ b/act/10/33.md @@ -6,9 +6,13 @@ This expression is a polite way of thanking Peter for coming. Alternate translation: "I certainly thank you for coming" -# in the sight of God +# we are all here -This refers to the presence of God. +This refers to Cornelius and his family but not to Peter, so this is exclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + +# present in the sight of God + +"present with God" # that you have been instructed by the Lord to say diff --git a/act/10/34.md b/act/10/34.md index aa7dfb1caa..a20a2a149f 100644 --- a/act/10/34.md +++ b/act/10/34.md @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ Peter begins speaking to everyone in the house of Cornelius. -# Then Peter opened his mouth and said +# opened his mouth -"Peter began to speak to them" +"began to speak" # Truly diff --git a/act/10/35.md b/act/10/35.md index 61a00a0fb7..fad17ef3d0 100644 --- a/act/10/35.md +++ b/act/10/35.md @@ -2,7 +2,12 @@ "he accepts anyone who worships him and does righteous deeds" +# to him + +to God + # worships The word "worships" here has the sense of deep respect and awe. +# Issue ULB #1813 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/act/10/36.md b/act/10/36.md index c15d2fcade..786196ec8f 100644 --- a/act/10/36.md +++ b/act/10/36.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The word "him" here refers to Jesus. +All instances of "he" here refers to God. # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/act/10/39.md b/act/10/39.md index 396abd2b7a..ecff5eedbb 100644 --- a/act/10/39.md +++ b/act/10/39.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The words "We" and "we" here refer to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth. The words "he" and "him" here refer to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) +The word "We" refer to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth, not to his hearers. The word "him" here refers to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) # in the country of the Jews diff --git a/act/10/40.md b/act/10/40.md index 1eb5c9257d..f7785e55a2 100644 --- a/act/10/40.md +++ b/act/10/40.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +Both instances of "him" refer to Jesus. + # God raised him up Here to raise up is an idiom for causing someone who has died to become alive again. Alternate translation: "God caused him to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/act/10/41.md b/act/10/41.md index e9a3fdb13d..98cfdc03e6 100644 --- a/act/10/41.md +++ b/act/10/41.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "us" refers to Peter and the apostles and believers who were with Jesus when he was on earth, not to his hearers. The words "him" and "he" here refers to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) + # from the dead From among all those who have died. This expression describes all dead people together in the underworld. diff --git a/act/10/42.md b/act/10/42.md index 95789195f8..70b8a6dfeb 100644 --- a/act/10/42.md +++ b/act/10/42.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ Here the word "us" includes Peter and believers. It excludes his audience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]) -# Connecting Statement: - -Peter finishes his speech to everyone in the house of Cornelius, which he began in [Acts 10:34](../10/34.md). - # that this is the one who has been chosen by God This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "that God chose this Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/act/10/43.md b/act/10/43.md index 1487b04cb5..7fdff9ce52 100644 --- a/act/10/43.md +++ b/act/10/43.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Peter finishes his speech to everyone in the house of Cornelius, which he began in [verse 34](./34.md). + # It is to him that all the prophets bear witness "All the prophets bear witness to Jesus" diff --git a/act/10/44.md b/act/10/44.md index 41c2d9aad0..a5e62ff874 100644 --- a/act/10/44.md +++ b/act/10/44.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # the Holy Spirit fell -Here the word "fell" means "happened suddenly." Alternate translation: "the Holy Spirit suddenly came" +Here the word "fell" indicates that the event happened suddenly. Alternate translation: "the Holy Spirit suddenly came" # all of those who were listening diff --git a/act/10/45.md b/act/10/45.md index 635cc3a58c..8927031aac 100644 --- a/act/10/45.md +++ b/act/10/45.md @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ +# the gift of the Holy Spirit was poured out also + +This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God also poured out the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) + # the gift of the Holy Spirit -This refers to the Holy Spirit himself who was given to them. - -# the Holy Spirit was poured out - -This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "God poured out the Holy Spirit" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +That is, the Holy Spirit himself was the gift. # poured out diff --git a/act/10/46.md b/act/10/46.md index 0d2669b950..326a38a259 100644 --- a/act/10/46.md +++ b/act/10/46.md @@ -1,11 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "he" and "him" refer to Peter. - -# Connecting Statement: - -This is the end of the part of the story about Cornelius. - # Gentiles speak in other languages and praising God These were known spoken languages that caused the Jews to acknowledge that the Gentiles were indeed praising God. diff --git a/act/10/48.md b/act/10/48.md index dacf14927a..2ed06c87f7 100644 --- a/act/10/48.md +++ b/act/10/48.md @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ +# General Information: + +The words "he" and "him" refer to Peter. + +# Connecting Statement: + +This is the end of the part of the story about Cornelius. + # he commanded them to be baptized It is implied that the Jewish Christians were the ones who would baptize them. Alternate translation: "Peter commanded the Gentile believers to allow the Jewish Christians to baptize them" or "Peter commanded the Jewish Christians to baptize them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/act/11/01.md b/act/11/01.md index 2645714a3f..30f7137bd2 100644 --- a/act/11/01.md +++ b/act/11/01.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ This is the beginning of a new event in the story. -# Connecting Statement: - -Peter arrives in Jerusalem and begins talking to the Jews there. - # Now This marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]]) diff --git a/act/11/02.md b/act/11/02.md index f51d4d11d3..16c7887bcb 100644 --- a/act/11/02.md +++ b/act/11/02.md @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Peter arrives in Jerusalem and begins talking to the Jews there. + # had come up to Jerusalem Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of coming up to Jerusalem and going down from it. # they who belonged to the circumcision group -This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. Alternate translation: "some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcized" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. Alternate translation: "some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcised" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/act/11/04.md b/act/11/04.md index ed89b43075..f0d80c35cf 100644 --- a/act/11/04.md +++ b/act/11/04.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Peter responds to the Jews by telling them about his vision and about what had h # Peter started to explain -Peter did not criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly explanatory manner. +Peter did not criticize the Jewish believers but reacted in a friendly, explanatory manner. # in detail diff --git a/act/11/10.md b/act/11/10.md index 7a18a7eb37..6c9d519003 100644 --- a/act/11/10.md +++ b/act/11/10.md @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ +# ULB issue #1810 + # This happened three times -It is not likely that everything was repeated three times. This probably means that "What God has cleansed, do not call it defiled" was repeated three times. However, it may be best to simply say "This happened three times" instead of trying to explain in detail. See how you translated "This happened three times" in [Acts 10:16](../10/16.md). +Possible meanings are 1) Peter heard the words "What God has declared clean, do not call unclean" three times or 2) a total of three times the sheet came down from heaven and Peter heard and responded to the voice. It would be best to translate without adding information here. See how you translated "This happened three times" in [Acts 10:16](../10/16.md). diff --git a/act/11/15.md b/act/11/15.md index eb4855688d..dad6d84938 100644 --- a/act/11/15.md +++ b/act/11/15.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here the word "us" refers to Peter, the apostles, and any of the Jewish believers who had received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +Here the word "us" refers to Peter, the other apostles, and all of the Jewish believers who had received the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) # As I began to speak to them, the Holy Spirit came on them diff --git a/act/11/17.md b/act/11/17.md index 2fe4b2b48e..2635e5fdf5 100644 --- a/act/11/17.md +++ b/act/11/17.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The word "them" refers to Cornelius and his Gentile guests and household. Peter does not call them Gentiles in his account to the Jewish believers at Jerusalem. The word "they" refers to the Jewish believers to whom Peter spoke. The word "us" includes all of the Jewish believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "them" refers to Cornelius and his Gentile guests and household. The word "us" refers to the speaker and his hearers and so is inclusive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) # Connecting Statement: diff --git a/act/11/18.md b/act/11/18.md index 662e7ae871..a9085c0b7c 100644 --- a/act/11/18.md +++ b/act/11/18.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "they" refers to the Jewish believers to whom Peter spoke. + # they said nothing in response "they did not argue with Peter" diff --git a/act/11/19.md b/act/11/19.md index 35304f064a..8557769ab2 100644 --- a/act/11/19.md +++ b/act/11/19.md @@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ This introduces the new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writ The Jews began persecuting Jesus' followers because Stephen had said and done things that the Jews did not like. Because of this persecution, many of Jesus' followers left Jerusalem and went to many different places. -# those ... spread +# spread -"those went in many different directions" +"went in many different directions" -# who had been scattered by the persecution +# who had been scattered by the persecution that arose over Stephen spread -This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom the Jews had been persecuting and so had left Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: "whom the Jews had been persecuting because of Stephen, and so had left Jerusalem, spread" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # the persecution that arose over Stephen diff --git a/act/11/21.md b/act/11/21.md index 4af25f5409..24222cae59 100644 --- a/act/11/21.md +++ b/act/11/21.md @@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ God's hand signifies his powerful help. Alternate translation: "God was powerful # turned to the Lord -Here "turned to the Lord" is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: "and they repented of their sins and began to obey the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Here "turned to the Lord" is a metaphor for starting to obey the Lord. Alternate translation: "they repented of their sins and began to obey the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/act/11/22.md b/act/11/22.md index 50095d4404..c785064005 100644 --- a/act/11/22.md +++ b/act/11/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -In these verses, the word "he" refers to Barnabas. The word "they" refers to the believers of the church at Jerusalem. The words "them" and "their" refer to the new believers ([Acts 11:20](../11/20.md)). +The word "he" refers to Barnabas. The word "they" refers to the believers of the church at Jerusalem. # ears of the church diff --git a/act/11/23.md b/act/11/23.md index 073fd2c6b0..f920e27682 100644 --- a/act/11/23.md +++ b/act/11/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "he" refers to Barnabas. The word "them" refers to the believers he met on his way to Antioch. + # saw the grace of God "saw how God acted kindly toward the believers" diff --git a/act/11/24.md b/act/11/24.md index 66aae36436..f3e52ded85 100644 --- a/act/11/24.md +++ b/act/11/24.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "he" refers to Barnabas. + # full of the Holy Spirit The Holy Spirit controlled Barnabas as he obeyed the Holy Spirit. diff --git a/act/11/25.md b/act/11/25.md index 6141417eb2..316cac7bb0 100644 --- a/act/11/25.md +++ b/act/11/25.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Here the word "he" refers to Barnabas and "him" refers to Saul. - # out to Tarsus "out to the city of Tarsus" diff --git a/act/11/26.md b/act/11/26.md index e1d37e0813..ea9d0442de 100644 --- a/act/11/26.md +++ b/act/11/26.md @@ -1,6 +1,10 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "he" refers to Barnabas and "him" to Saul. + # When he found him -It progably took some time and effort for Barnabas to locate Saul. +It probably took some time and effort for Barnabas to locate Saul. # It came about diff --git a/act/11/29.md b/act/11/29.md index 23a413228d..7a9d94778c 100644 --- a/act/11/29.md +++ b/act/11/29.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -The words "They" and "they" refer to the believers in the church in Antioch ([Acts 11:27](../11/27.md)). - # So This word means marks an event that happened because of something else that happened first. In this case, they sent money because of Agabus' prophesy or the famine. diff --git a/act/11/30.md b/act/11/30.md index b276910b93..b8460e65b9 100644 --- a/act/11/30.md +++ b/act/11/30.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ +# General Information: + +The words "They" and "they" refer to the believers in the church in Antioch ([Acts 11:27](../11/27.md)). + # by the hand of Barnabas and Saul -The hand is a synecdoche for the action of the whole person. Alternate translation: "by having Barnabas and Saul take to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) +The hand is a synecdoche for the action of the whole person. Alternate translation: "by having Barnabas and Saul take it to them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) diff --git a/pro/30/01.md b/pro/30/01.md index 31f9eee5a0..3c9eee2775 100644 --- a/pro/30/01.md +++ b/pro/30/01.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild. # the burden -"the message" +This is a metaphor for a message that is very important because it comes from God. Alternate translation: "the important message" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) # to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal