From work on PDF James

jas/01/09.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# the poor brother
+# the brother of low condition
 
-"the believer who does not have much money"
+"the believer who does not have much money" or "the believer whom other people consider unimportant"
 
 # boast of his high position
 

jas/01/20.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# the anger of man does not work the righteousness of God
+# the anger of man does not accomplish the righteousness of God
 
 When a person is always angry, he cannot do God's work, which is righteous.
 

jas/02/01.md

@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@ James continues to tell the scattered Jewish believers how to live by loving one
 # My brothers
 James considers his audience to be Jewish believers. Alternate translation: "My fellow believers" or "My brothers and sisters in Christ"
 
-# do not hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ ... with favoritism toward certain people
+# do not hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ ... with partiality toward certain people
 
-James wanted them to hold to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, but he did not want them to show favoritism to people. Alternate translation: "as you hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ ... do not show favoritism toward certain people"
+James wanted them to hold to faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, but he did not want them to show partiality to people. Alternate translation: "as you hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ ... do not show partiality toward certain people"
 
 # hold to faith in our Lord Jesus Christ
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Believing in Jesus Christ is spoken of as if it were an object that one could ho
 
 The word "our" includes James and his fellow believers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
 
-# favoritism
+# partiality
 
 the act of treating some people better than others
 

jas/02/03.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ sit in this place of honor
 
 move to a place with less honor
 
-# Sit at my feet
+# Sit by my footstool
 
 move to a humble place
 

jas/02/09.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 "sinning." That is, breaking the law.
 
-# convicted by the law as lawbreakers
+# you are convicted by the law as transgressors
 
-Here the law is spoken of as if it were a human judge. Alternate translation: "guilty of breaking God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
+Here the law is spoken of as if it were a human judge. This can be translated using an active verb. Alternate translation: "the law itself convicts you of transgressing it" or "you are guilty of breaking God's law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 

jas/02/14.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 James encourages the scattered believers to show their faith before others, just as Abraham showed others his faith by his works.
 
-# What good is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works?
+# What profit is it, my brothers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works?
 
-James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. Alternate translation: "It is no good at all, fellow believers, if someone says he has faith, but he has no works." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+James is using a rhetorical question to teach his audience. Alternate translation: "Fellow believers, if someone says he has faith but he has no works, that does him no good at all." or "Fellow believers, someone who has no works is no better if he says he has faith than someone who does not say he has faith." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 
 # he has faith, but he has no works ... that faith
 

jas/02/16.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The thing that fills them is food. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate tran
 
 to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# what good is that?
+# what profit is that?
 
-James uses a rhetorical question to teach his audience. Alternate translation: "that does not good." or "your speech by itself does no good." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
+James uses a rhetorical question to teach his audience. Alternate translation: "how does that help them?" or "that does nothing good for them." or "your speech by itself does not help them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
 

jas/02/22.md

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 
 The word "see" is a metonym. Alternate translation: "You understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# that faith worked with his works, and that by works his faith was fully developed
+# that faith worked with his works, and that by works his faith was completed
 
-James speaks as if "faith" and "works" were things that can work together and help each other. The meanings in the abstract nouns "faith" and "works" can be expressed with "believe God" and "do what God commanded." Alternate translation: "that because Abraham believed God, he did what God commanded him to do. And because Abraham did what God commanded, he believed God completely" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
+James speaks as if "faith" and "works" were things that can work together and help each other. The meanings in the abstract nouns "faith" and "works" can be expressed with "believe God" and "do what God commanded." Alternate translation: "that because Abraham believed God, he did what God commanded him to do. And Abraham doing what God commanded showed that he truly believed" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
 # You see
 

jas/03/06.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The tongue is a metonym for what people say. James calls it a fire because of the great damage it can do. Alternate translation: "The tongue is like a fire" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# a world of sinfulness set among our members
+# a world of evil set among our members
 
 The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ The enormous effects of sinful speaking are spoken of as if they were a world by
 
 "the parts of our bodies"
 
-# The tongue stains the whole body
+# The tongue defiles the whole body
 
-The writer speaks metaphorically of the way a person becomes unacceptable to God when he speaks sinful words as if the person's words made stains on his body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
+The tongue here is a metonym for the words of the person whose tongue it is, and the body is a synecdoche for the whole person. The words defiling the person is a metaphor for God rejecting a person who speaks evil words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # sets on fire the course of life
 

jas/04/10.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 "Be humble toward God." Actions done with God in mind are often spoken of as being done in his physical presence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# he will lift you up
+# he will exalt you
 
 James indicates that God will honor the humble person by saying God will pick that person up off the ground physically from where that person had prostrated himself in humility. Alternate translation: "he will honor you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 

jas/05/04.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 James continues to warn rich people about thier focus on pleasure and riches.
 
-# the wages you kept back from the workers who mowed your fields is crying out against you
+# the wages you kept back from the laborers who mowed your fields is crying out against you
 
 The money that should have been paid is spoken of as a person who is shouting because of the injustice done to him. Alternate translation: "God can see that you kept back the wages you should have given to those who mowed your fields" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
 

jas/05/09.md

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ James is writing to all the scattered Jewish believers.
 
 "about each other"
 
-# you will be not judged
+# you will be not condemned
 
-This can be stated in the active. Alternate translation: "Christ will not judge you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in the active. Alternate translation: "Christ will not condemn you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
 
 # See, the judge
 

jas/05/19.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Here this word probably refers to both men and women. Alternate translation: "fellow believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
 
-# if anyone among you wanders from the truth, and someone brings him back
+# if anyone among you strays from the truth, and someone brings him back
 
 A believer who stops trusting in God and obeying him is spoken of as if he were a sheep that wandered away from the flock. The person who persuades him to trust in God again is spoken of as if he were a shepherd who goes to search for the lost sheep. Alternate translation: "whenever anyone stops obeying God, and another person helps him start obeying again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
 

jas/05/20.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins
+# whoever turns a sinner from the error of his way ... will cover over a great number of sins
 
 James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
 

jud/01/23.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The picture is that of pulling people from a fire before they start to burn. Alt
 
 "Be kind to others, but be afraid of sinning the way they did"
 
-# Hate even the garment stained by the flesh
+# Hate even the garment defiled by the flesh
 
 Jude exaggerates to warn his readers that they can become like those sinners. Alternate translation: "Treat them as though you could become guilty of sin just by touching their clothes" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])