God compares Jacob's descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: "You will have more descendants than you can count" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
The word "you" is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. Alternate translation: "your descendants will spread out to the west" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
This phrases are used together to mean "all directions." Alternate translation: "in all directions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])