PDF Isaiah 1-30

isa/27/05.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# unless they grasp my protection
+# unless they take hold of my refuge
 
-This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "protection" is expressed as the verb "protect." Alternate translation: "unless they ask me to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
+This can be reworded so that the abstract noun "refuge" is expressed as the verb "protect." Alternate translation: "unless they ask me to protect them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-abstractnouns]])
 
 # make peace with me; let them make peace with me
 

isa/27/06.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Yahweh blessing the people of Israel and causing them to prosper is spoken of as
 
 Here "Jacob" and "Israel" are metonyms that represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# they will fill the surface of the ground with fruit
+# they will fill the surface of the world with fruit
 
 Yahweh causing the people of Israel to prosper greatly so that they can help other people is spoken of as if they were a vine that grows so much fruit that it would cover the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/27/07.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The question is used to contrast the severity of God's punishment. Alternate tra
 
 These represent the descendants of Jacob. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# Have Jacob and Israel been killed as in the slaughter of those nations that were killed by them?
+# Have Jacob and Israel been slain as in the slaughter of those nations that were slain by them?
 
 This question too is used to contrast the severity of God's punishment. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has not killed the people of Israel like they killed their enemies from other nations." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-rquestion]])
 

isa/27/08.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Here "you" refers to God. Yahweh punishing his people as much as they needed is
 
 This represents the descendants of Jacob. Alternate translation: "sending the Israelites away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# he drove them away with his fierce breath in the day of the east wind
+# he drove them away with his severe breath in the day of the east wind
 
-Yahweh's power to send his people away to a foreign country is spoken of as if Yahweh used his breath to blow them to a foreign country. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh drove them out like a fierce wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+Yahweh's power to send his people away to a foreign country is spoken of as if Yahweh used his breath to blow them to a foreign country. Alternate translation: "the power of Yahweh drove them out like a severe wind from the east" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/28/04.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# that is on the head of the rich valley
+# which is on the head of the rich valley
 
 The city of Samaria, the capital of Israel, sits above a fertile valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# will be as the first ripe fig ... gulps it down
+# will be as the first ripe fig ... swallows it down
 
 This speaks of the enemy soldiers seeing the beauty of Samaria and quickly plundering it as if they were a person who sees the first fig of the season and quickly eats it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 

isa/28/27.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "nor does he roll a he
 
 See how you translated this in [Isaiah 28:25](../28/25.md).
 
-# but caraway is beaten with a stick, and cumin with a rod
+# but caraway is beaten out with a stick, and cumin with a rod
 
 Isaiah describes the correct way for a farmer to separate the seed from the plant. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "but he beats the caraway with a stick, and he beats cumin with a rod" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/28/28.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Grain is ground for bread but not too finely
+# Bread grain is crushed, but the one who grinds it does not thresh it forever
 
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The farmer grinds the grain for bread but not so that it is too small" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
+This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The farmer grinds the grain for bread, but he eventually stops grinding it" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
 

isa/29/03.md

@@ -2,7 +2,3 @@
 
 The word "I" refers to Yahweh. This represents Yahweh causing an enemy army to surround Jerusalem. Alternate translation: "I will command the army of your enemies to surround you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 
-# palisade ... siege works
-
-A "palisade" is a tower armies would build to attack cities with high walls. Also "siege works" refers to other various weapons armies would build to attack cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-unknown]])
-

isa/29/09.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ The word "yourselves" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Why they are astonished
 
 The people ignoring what Yahweh says is spoken of as if they would make themselves blind. Alternate translation: "keep being ignorant and spiritually blind to what I am showing you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
-# Be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with beer
+# Be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not with strong drink
 
-The people being senseless and not understanding what Yahweh is doing is spoken of as if they were drunk. Alternate translation: "Be senseless like a drunk person, but it is not because you have drank too much wine or beer" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The people being senseless and not understanding what Yahweh is doing is spoken of as if they were drunk. Alternate translation: "Be senseless like a drunk person, but it is not because you have drunk too much wine or strong drink" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/29/20.md

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 
 The nominal adjective "the ruthless" can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: "For the ruthless people will cease" or "For there will no longer be cruel people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
 
-# the scoffer will vanish
+# the mocker will vanish
 
-The nominal adjective "the scoffer" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "those who scoff will vanish" or "the people who mock will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
+The nominal adjective "the mocker" can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: "those who mock will vanish" or "the people who mock will disappear" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-nominaladj]])
 
 # All those who love to do evil will be eliminated
 

isa/29/24.md

@@ -6,7 +6,3 @@ Here "spirit" represents a person's inner being. Alternate translation: "Those w
 
 This can be made more explicit to explain what they will understand. Alternate translation: "will begin to understand Yahweh and his laws" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# complainers will learn knowledge
-
-This can be made more explicit to explain what knowledge they will learn. Alternate translation: "those who complain will begin to know that what Yahweh teaches them is true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
-

isa/30/13.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# so this sin will be to you like a broken part ... in an instant
+# so this iniquity will be to you like a broken part ... in an instant
 
-This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
+This simile means that God will destroy the people of Judah suddenly because of their iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
 
 # like a broken part ready to fall
 

isa/30/14.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Isaiah describes how Yahweh will destroy the people of Judah ([Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md)).
 
-# He will break it
+# It will break
 
 Here "it" refers to the part in the wall that is about to fall. The part in the wall is a metaphor that represents the people of Judah and their sin mentioned in [Isaiah 30:12-13](./12.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/30/30.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Here "arm" represents the power of God. It is implied that Yahweh will show his power by destroying his people's enemies. Alternate translation: "show that he is powerful by destroying your enemies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-explicit]])
 
-# in storming anger and flames of fire
+# in raging anger and flames of fire
 
 Yahweh's anger is spoken of as if it were a storm or a fire. Alternate translation: "in anger that is like a storm and flames of fire" or "in great anger" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

isa/30/31.md

@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-# For at the voice of Yahweh, Assyria will be shattered
+# Assyria will be dismayed
 
-This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "For when Yahweh speaks he will shatter the soldiers of Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
-
-# Assyria will be shattered
-
-Isaiah speaks of Assyria's fear as if Assyria is an object that Yahweh's voice shatters. Alternate translation: "Assyria will be terrified" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
+The word "dismayed" can also mean "shattered," a metaphor for "totally defeat." Possible meanings of this phrase are 1) the Assyrians will hear Yahweh's voice and become terrified that he will strike them with his staff. Alternate translation: "Assyria will be terrified" Or 2) Yahweh will shatter Assyria with his voice and staff. Alternate translation: "Yahweh will shatter Assyria" or "Yahweh will totally defeat Assyria" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 
 # Assyria
 
-Here this represents the soldiers of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
+Here this is a metonym for the soldiers of Assyria. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
 

isa/30/32.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the people of Judah w
 
 This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 5:12](../05/12.md).
 
-# he battles and fights with them
+# he battles, waving his weapons, and fights with them
 
 Yahweh causing the enemy army to defeat the Assyrians is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight along with the enemy army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
 

jer/06/06.md

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ Jeremiah often uses these words to introduce an important message from Yahweh.
 
 God says this to the army that will attack Jerusalem. The word "her" refers to Jerusalem; cities were often spoken of as if they were women. Alternate translation: "Cut down the trees outside of Jerusalem" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-personification]])
 
-# heap up siegeworks against Jerusalem
+# heap up siege works against Jerusalem
 
-Siegeworks are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
+Siege works are either high mounds of dirt or high ramps made of wood that the enemies build outside the city wall in order go on top of the wall and attack the people inside the city.
 
 # because it is filled with oppression