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PDF Isaiah 1-45 partial
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"is what Yahweh has said"
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"is what Yahweh has said"
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# laughs you to scorn
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"laughs at you" or "makes fun of you"
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# shakes her head
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# shakes her head
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This is a gesture of scorn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
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This is a gesture of scorn. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/translate-symaction]])
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"who are weak"
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"who are weak"
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# shattered
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broken into small pieces. This is a metaphor for being greatly discouraged. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass on the roof or in the field, before the east wind
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# They are plants in the field, green grass, the grass on the roof or in the field, before the east wind
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This speaks of how weak and vulnerable the cities are before the Assryian army by comparing the cities to grass. Alternate translation: "The cities are as weak as the grass in the fields before your armies. They are as weak as the grass that grows on the roofs of houses and is scorched by the hot east wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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This speaks of how weak and vulnerable the cities are before the Assryian army by comparing the cities to grass. Alternate translation: "The cities are as weak as the grass in the fields before your armies. They are as weak as the grass that grows on the roofs of houses and is scorched by the hot east wind" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# For from Jerusalem a remnant will come out; from Mount Zion survivors will come
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These two phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the remnant of people who will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-parallelism]])
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# The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this
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# The zeal of Yahweh of hosts will do this
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This speaks of Yahweh doing something because of his zeal as if his "zeal" were actually doing the action. Alternate translation: "Because of his zeal, Yahweh of hosts will do this" or "Yahweh of hosts will do this because of his zeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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This speaks of Yahweh doing something because of his zeal as if his "zeal" were actually doing the action. Alternate translation: "Because of his zeal, Yahweh of hosts will do this" or "Yahweh of hosts will do this because of his zeal" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
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Hezekiah continues his written prayer.
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# My life is removed and carried away from me like a shepherd's tent
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# My dwelling place is removed and carried away from me like a shepherd's tent
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This speaks of how Yahweh is ending Hezekiah's life quickly by comparing it to how a shepherd removes his tent from the ground. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has taken my life away from me quickly like a shepherd packs up his tent and carries it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
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This speaks of how Yahweh is ending Hezekiah's life quickly by comparing it to how a shepherd removes his tent from the ground. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has taken my life away from me quickly like a shepherd packs up his tent and carries it away" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]])
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# My life is removed
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# My dwelling place is removed
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has taken my life" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Yahweh has taken my dwelling place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-activepassive]])
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# I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom
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# I have rolled up my life like a weaver; you are cutting me off from the loom
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@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ These phrases explain how the people are to prepare a highway for Yahweh. They c
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Making the valleys level with the rest of the ground is spoken of as if it were lifting up the valleys. Alternate translation: "Every valley will be filled in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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Making the valleys level with the rest of the ground is spoken of as if it were lifting up the valleys. Alternate translation: "Every valley will be filled in" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# bring low
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# brought low
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make level
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made level
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# and the rugged land will be made level, and the rough places a plain
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# and the rugged land will be made level, and the rough places a plain
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@ -6,6 +6,10 @@ Yahweh uses this question to emphasize that he is the one who caused this ruler
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"I give the nations over to him" or "The one who does these things hands nations over to him"
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"I give the nations over to him" or "The one who does these things hands nations over to him"
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# subdue kings
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"conquer kings and force them to obey him"
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# He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow
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# He turns them to dust with his sword, like windblown stubble with his bow
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Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
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Turning them to dust and stubble is a metaphor or exaggeration for completely destroying everything the people of these nations have made. The armies of one from the east will conquer these nations and scatter the people easily. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-hyperbole]])
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# be crushed
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This is a metaphor for being discouraged. Alternate translation: "be discouraged" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metaphor]])
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# the coastlands
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# the coastlands
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This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). Alternate translation: "the people who live on the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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This refers to the people who live on the islands and in the lands bordering or beyond the Mediterranean Sea. See how you translated this in [Isaiah 41:1](../41/01.md). Alternate translation: "the people who live on the coastlands" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/jit/figs-metonymy]])
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