diff --git a/act/15/02.md b/act/15/02.md index 2def52d466..b342391a0b 100644 --- a/act/15/02.md +++ b/act/15/02.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ -# a sharp dispute and debate with them +# This brought ... into a sharp dispute and debate with them -The abstract nouns "sharp dispute" and "debate" can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "had confronted and debated with the men from Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) +The abstract nouns "sharp dispute" and "debate" can be stated as verbs and where the men came from can be made explicit. Alternate translation: "... had confronted and debated with the men from Judea" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) # go up to Jerusalem diff --git a/act/15/03.md b/act/15/03.md index 074c08638a..b138a751b2 100644 --- a/act/15/03.md +++ b/act/15/03.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here the words "They," "they," and "them" refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)). +Both instances of "They" here refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)). # They therefore, being sent by the church @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "Therefore the communi # being sent by the church -Here "church" stands for the people that were a part of the church. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +Here "church" stands for the people who were the church. # passed through ... announced diff --git a/act/15/04.md b/act/15/04.md index 7ef8714718..efaec4966a 100644 --- a/act/15/04.md +++ b/act/15/04.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +All instances of "they" and "them" here refer to Paul, Barnabas, and certain others ([Acts 15:2](../15/02.md)). + # they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "the apostles, the elders, and the rest of the community of believers welcomed them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/act/15/05.md b/act/15/05.md index c627e8eddf..39f3a538b6 100644 --- a/act/15/05.md +++ b/act/15/05.md @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Paul and Barnabas are now in Jerusalem to meet with the apostles and elders ther # But certain men -Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus yet also believe that circumcision is required for salvation. +Here Luke contrasts those who believe that salvation is only in Jesus to others who believe salvation is by Jesus but also believe that circumcision is required for salvation. # to keep the law of Moses diff --git a/act/15/07.md b/act/15/07.md index 02600b0390..911e68b32b 100644 --- a/act/15/07.md +++ b/act/15/07.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -The first word "them" refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)) and the other words "them" and "their" refer to the believing Gentiles. Here the word "you" is plural and refers to the apostles and elders present. The word "he" refers to God. Here "us" is plural and refers to Peter, the apostles and elders, and all Jewish believers in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) +The word "them" refers to apostles and elders ([Acts 15:6](../15/06.md)), and the word "you" is plural because it refers to the apostles and elders present. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # Connecting Statement: @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Peter begins to speak to the apostles and elders who met to discuss whether Gent # Brothers -Peter is addressing all of the believers who were present. +Peter is addressing all of the believers who are present. # by my mouth diff --git a/act/15/08.md b/act/15/08.md index 8876920935..2ac91ec57e 100644 --- a/act/15/08.md +++ b/act/15/08.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "them" refers to the Gentiles, and both instances of "you" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + # who knows the heart Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." Alternate translation: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/act/15/09.md b/act/15/09.md index 66e247b44f..e17aa79cc9 100644 --- a/act/15/09.md +++ b/act/15/09.md @@ -1,8 +1,12 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "he" refers to God, the word "us" refers to the speaker and the hearers, and the word "them" refers to the Gentiles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) + # made no distinction -God did not treat Jewish believers different from Gentile believers. +God did not treat Jewish believers differently from Gentile believers. # making their hearts clean by faith -God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken as though he literally cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. Alternate translation: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) +God's forgiving the Gentile believers' sins is spoken of as though he cleaned their hearts. Here "heart" stands for the person's inner being. Alternate translation: "forgiving their sins because they believed in Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) diff --git a/act/15/10.md b/act/15/10.md index bb0adf0b73..cf9528946a 100644 --- a/act/15/10.md +++ b/act/15/10.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ Peter includes his audience by his use of "our" and "we." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -# Connecting Statement: - -Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. - # Now This does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. diff --git a/act/15/11.md b/act/15/11.md index cebe61c12a..34a28e16c1 100644 --- a/act/15/11.md +++ b/act/15/11.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +Peter finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. + # But we believe that we shall be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus, just as they were This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "But we believe the Lord Jesus shall save us by his grace, just as he saved the non-Jewish believers" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) diff --git a/act/15/15.md b/act/15/15.md index e54f700f81..1c51dfc098 100644 --- a/act/15/15.md +++ b/act/15/15.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# General Information: - -Here "I" refers to God who spoke through the words of his prophet. - # Connecting Statement: James quotes the prophet Amos from the Old Testament. diff --git a/act/15/16.md b/act/15/16.md index 2a7332ae68..5304ea0223 100644 --- a/act/15/16.md +++ b/act/15/16.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +Here "I" refers to God, who spoke through the words of his prophet. + # I will build again the tent of David, which has fallen down ... its ruins again This speaks of God's again choosing one of David's descendants to rule over his people as though he were setting up a tent again after it fell down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/act/15/19.md b/act/15/19.md index 1ffe899b27..c45f313959 100644 --- a/act/15/19.md +++ b/act/15/19.md @@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ Here "we" includes James, the apostles, and the elders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]]) -# Connecting Statement: - -James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](../15/02.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md)) - # we should not trouble those of the Gentiles You can make explicit in what way James does not want to trouble the Gentiles. Alternate translation: "we should not require the Gentiles to become circumcised and obey the laws of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) diff --git a/act/15/21.md b/act/15/21.md index 42eb857424..e3fbba5d79 100644 --- a/act/15/21.md +++ b/act/15/21.md @@ -1,16 +1,16 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +James finishes speaking to the apostles and elders. (See: [Acts 15:2](../15/02.md) and [Acts 15:13](./13.md)) + # Moses has been proclaimed in every city ... and he is read in the synagogues every Sabbath James is implying that Gentiles know how important these rules are because Jews preach them in every city where there is a synagogue. It also implies the Gentiles can go to the teachers from the synagogues to learn more about these rules. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) -# Moses has been proclaimed +Moses has been proclaimed ... he is read -Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) +Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses, and so does "he." This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed ... the law is read" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses ... they read the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) # in every city The word "every" here is a generalization. Alternate translation: "in many cities" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) -# and he is read - -Here "he" refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. Alternate translation: "and the law is read" or "and they read the law" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) - diff --git a/act/15/22.md b/act/15/22.md index b343ae8e2e..a6fddd5c19 100644 --- a/act/15/22.md +++ b/act/15/22.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here the word "them" refers to Judas and Silas. The word "They" refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem. +Here the word "them" refers to Judas and Silas. # the whole church diff --git a/act/15/23.md b/act/15/23.md index 6f70b2c81b..6e351b3dcc 100644 --- a/act/15/23.md +++ b/act/15/23.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +The word "They" refers to the apostles, elders, and other believers of the church in Jerusalem, and the word "your" is plural. + # From the apostles and elders, your brothers, to the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings! This is the introduction of the letter. Your language may have a way of introducing the author of the letter and to whom it is written. Alternate translation: "This letter is from your brothers, the apostles and elders. We are writing to you Gentile believers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings to you" or "To our Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia. Greetings from the apostles and elders, your brothers" diff --git a/act/15/24.md b/act/15/24.md index 786a151b4a..9ed908d1d2 100644 --- a/act/15/24.md +++ b/act/15/24.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here all instances of "we," "our," and "us" refer to the believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)) +Here all instances of "we" and "us" refer to the writers but not the readers ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)) and so are exclusive, and the words "you" and "your" are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # that certain men @@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ Here all instances of "we," "our," and "us" refer to the believers in the church # disturbed you with teachings that upset your souls -Here "souls" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "have taught things that have troubled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) +Here "souls" refers to the people. Alternate translation: "taught things that have troubled you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) diff --git a/act/15/25.md b/act/15/25.md index a1d493fa71..847df50174 100644 --- a/act/15/25.md +++ b/act/15/25.md @@ -1,4 +1,8 @@ +# General Information: + +Here the words "us" and "our" refer to the writers but not the readers ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)) and so are exclusive, and the word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + # to choose men -The men they sent were Judas called Barsabbas and Silas ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)). +The men they sent were Judas, who was called Barsabbas, and Silas ([Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)). diff --git a/act/15/27.md b/act/15/27.md index 0964f6ff24..535ab331be 100644 --- a/act/15/27.md +++ b/act/15/27.md @@ -1,10 +1,6 @@ # General Information: -Here the words "We" and "us" refer to the leaders and believers in the church in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md)) - -# Connecting Statement: - -This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch. +Here the word "we" refers to the writers of the letter [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md) but not its readers and so is exclusive. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) # who will tell you the same thing themselves in their own words diff --git a/act/15/28.md b/act/15/28.md index 39760a6ae5..cc73e8c9a3 100644 --- a/act/15/28.md +++ b/act/15/28.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# General Information: + +Here the word "us" refers to the writers of the letter [Acts 15:22](../15/22.md) but not its readers and so is exclusive. The word "you" is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]]) + # to lay upon you no greater burden than these necessary things This speaks about laws that people need to obey as if they were objects that people carry on their shoulders. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/act/15/29.md b/act/15/29.md index 79b7abdb7b..3f47ede262 100644 --- a/act/15/29.md +++ b/act/15/29.md @@ -1,3 +1,7 @@ +# Connecting Statement: + +This concludes the letter from the Jerusalem church to the Gentile believers in Antioch. + # from things sacrificed to idols This means they are not allowed to eat the meat of an animal that someone sacrifices to an idol. diff --git a/act/15/32.md b/act/15/32.md index ea4fa91c81..06e5435541 100644 --- a/act/15/32.md +++ b/act/15/32.md @@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ Prophets were teachers authorized by God to speak for him. Alternate translation # strengthened them -Helping someone to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) +Judas and Silas' helping them to depend even more on Jesus is spoken of as if they were making them physically stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) diff --git a/act/15/36.md b/act/15/36.md index 5715521f1b..9ed1c63acc 100644 --- a/act/15/36.md +++ b/act/15/36.md @@ -1,7 +1,3 @@ -# Connecting Statement: - -Paul and Barnabas go on separate journeys. - # Let us return now "I suggest we now return" diff --git a/act/15/intro.md b/act/15/intro.md index a76f40a018..3a6104b5cf 100644 --- a/act/15/intro.md +++ b/act/15/intro.md @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ In this chapter Luke begins to use the word "brothers" to refer to fellow Christ ##### Obeying the law of Moses ##### -Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was a law that would always exist. But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do. +Some believers wanted the Gentiles to be circumcised because God had told Abraham and Moses that everyone who wanted to belong to him had to be circumcised and that this was "an everlasting covenant." But Paul and Barnabas had seen God give uncircumcised Gentiles the gift of the Holy Spirit, so they did not want the Gentiles to be circumcised. Both groups went to Jerusalem to have the church leaders decide what they should do. ##### "Abstain from things sacrificed to idols, blood, things strangled, and from sexual immorality" #####